Zǐyá zǐjuān

Ngaphansi kwegama elithi “i-puer e-purple” kuhlanganiswe izenzakalo ezimbili ezihlukene zaseYunnan: i-紫娟 (zǐjuān) — uhlobo olukhethiwe oluqukethe izinga eliphezulu lama-anthocyanin, kanye ne-紫芽 (zǐyá) — i-phenotype e-purple yemihlumela ezihlahleni zasendle nezindala. Zombili zikhiqiza iqabunga nokumnika okunombala ongajwayelekile we-lilac-violet futhi zihlala ziyingxenye ethile, eqoqwayo yohlobo lwe-puer.

I-Terroir kanye Nomsuka

Izinto ezingavuthiwe zazo zombili lezi zinhlobo zivela eYunnan, endaweni efanayo nayo yonke i-puer: isisekelo yi-云南大叶种 (yúnnán dàyèzhǒng), itiye laseYunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu, inani labantu eliyisisekelo (群体种) elinezinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol futhi, ngenxa yalokho, linamandla okuguga isikhathi eside. Ama-genebanks esifunda ezinhlobo zamaqabunga amakhulu — i-勐库 (měngkù) eLincang, i-勐海 (měnghǎi) eXishuangbanna, i-凤庆 (fèngqìng) eLincang — akha lolo hlaka lwe-terroir lapho izinhlobo ezi-purple zikhona.

Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwe-紫娟 ne-紫芽 usele usemsukeni wesitshalo ngokwaso. I-紫娟 iwuhlobo olukhethiwe (选育), olwakhiwe ngokusekelwe kusici esi-purple; itshalwa ngenhloso, njengokutshala okufanayo. I-紫芽 ayilona uhlobo, kodwa i-phenotype: umbala o-purple unikezwa imihlumela ethile ezihlahleni ezijwayelekile ze-大叶种, ikakhulukazi ezingadini ezindala nasezitshalweni zasendle. Ngakho-ke, i-紫芽 isondelene nomqondo wezinto ezisendle nezesikhashana, kuyilapho i-紫芽 isondelene nomqondo we-cultivar.

Uhlobo kanye ne-Phenotype

“Epasipodini” yohlobo lwe-puer, i-紫娟 ifakwa ngaphansi kwekhodi ethi CV-ZJ enezici: 选育(紫芽), i-anthocyanin ephezulu, iqabunga nokumnika okunsomi, i-niche. Isici esiyinhloko se-biochemical izinga eliphakeme lama-anthocyanin, izimibalabala ezinikeza iqabunga umbala we-lilac, kanye neqabunga elomile ithoni ecishe ifane ne-brinjal. Lokhu kwehlukanisa i-紫娟 nokubukeka okujwayelekile okuluhlaza-okuyisiliva kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zaseYunnan.

I-紫芽 ichazwa njenge-phenotype e-purple yemihlumela yezihlahla zasendle nezindala. Lapha, umbala o-purple awuwona umphumela wokukhetha, kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ngaphakathi kwenani labantu le-大叶种. Imihlumela enjalo ikhiwa ngokukhetha, futhi ingxenye yayo esivunweni sonkana ihlala incane, yingakho inesimo se-niche kanye nenani eliphezulu. Kule nkampani ye-”niche”, imithombo ikhuluma nange-芽苞 (yábāo) — “umhlumela-cocoon”, imihlumela emincane yaseYunnan evela ezihlahleni zasendle; lokhu kuwumthombo othakazelisayo ohlukile, ongahlobene ngokuqondile nomugqa o-purple, kodwa osondelene nawo ngokuya ngokungavamile kanye nesimo sokuqoqwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kokubili i-紫娟 ne-紫芽 kubhekwa njengohlobo noma i-phenotype ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-puer, hhayi njengesigaba setiye esizimele. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka ngaphakathi kwe-普洱, hhayi “uhlobo” oluhlukile.

Iminyaka Yezihlahla kanye Nohlobo Lokutshala

Njengoba i-puer ihlolwa ngokuyinhloko ngomuthi womsuka, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezi-purple nazo zisatshalaliswa nge-axis yamanani efanayo:

• [古树茶](https://zu.thetea.app/article/gu-shu-cha) (gǔshù chá) — izihlahla ezindala ezineminyaka eyikhulu nangaphezulu, i-乔木 enezimpande ezijulile; ingxenye yemiklomelo ephezulu.
• 大树茶 (dàshù chá) — izihlahla ezivuthiwe, kodwa ezincane ezinomzimba oqinile wokumnika.
• 小树茶 (xiǎoshù chá) — ukutshala okuncane kwembewu noma izinhlobo ezindala ze-genepool.
• 台地茶 (táidì chá) — izihlahla eziphansi zokutshala emigqeni eminyene, izinto ezingavuthiwe eziningi.
• 野生型 (yěshēng xíng) — izinhlobo ezimila endle (isibonelo, i-大雪山, i-千家寨), ezinye zazo ezibabayo noma ezingadleki.
• 过渡型 (guòdù xíng) — uhlobo lwesikhashana phakathi kwezasendle nezolimo (邦崴).

I-紫芽 njenge-phenotype yemvelo ivame ukutholakala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingadi ezindala nezihlahla zasendle, okuqinisa isithunzi sayo “se-terroir”. I-紫娟, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyi-cultivar, ngokuvamile itshalwa emasimini alawulwayo, asondelene nemodeli ye-小树 / 台地, nakuba kukhona namasimu amadala kakhulu.

Ukucutshungulwa

Ngokobuchwepheshe, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezi-purple azihlukaniswa zibe isigaba esikhethekile: zicutshungulwa njenge-puer-maocha ejwayelekile. Iqabunga lidlula ekulungisweni (杀青), ukusontwa kanye nokomiswa elangeni, kukhiqize i-晒青毛茶 — okuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokucindezelwa. Ngemva kwalokho, indlela ijwayelekile: kungaba umzila we-生 (shēng) oluhlaza onokuguga okunensayo kwemvelo, noma i-渥堆 yokubumbanisa emanzi ye-熟 (shú) puer.

Empeleni, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezi-purple zivame ukubonwa ngefomethi ye-生: umbala we-anthocyanin kanye nephrofayili yesici kufundeka kangcono etiyeni eliluhlaza, futhi inani lokuqoqwa le-紫芽 livame ukucindezelwa okuvela ezihlahleni ezindala. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-熟普 inohlelo lwayo lokuthamba kwezinto ezingavuthiwe — 宫廷 > 特级 > 一 > 三 > 五 > 七 > 九级 (kusuka ku-嫩 kuya ku-粗) — kodwa lolu uhlelo lokuhlola izinga lokuthamba kweqabunga, hhayi inkomba ye-phenotype e-purple.

Amazinga kanye Nendawo Ohlelweni lwe-唛号

Uhlelo oludumile lwezinombolo ezine lwe-唛号 (màihào) lwamafemu amakhulu — luyikhodi yeresiphi, hhayi uhlobo: amadijithi amabili okuqala — unyaka weresiphi, elesithathu — izinga lezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokuthamba, elesine — inombolo yefemu (1 — 昆明/中茶, 2 — 勐海/大益, 3 — 下关, 4 — 普洱). Kanjalo, i-7542 — i-生饼 eyireferensi ngokweresiphi yango-1975, izinto ezingavuthiwe zezinga lesi-4, ifemu yase-勐海; i-7572 — i-熟饼 eyireferensi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezi-purple azifakiwe kule gridi yeresiphi njengento ehlukile — i-唛号 ichaza inhlanganisela yefemu, hhayi i-phenotype yomhlumela. Ngakho-ke, i-紫娟 ne-紫芽 zihlala ngaphandle “kwamareferensi e-唛号”, endaweni yokucindezela komqambi kanye ne-niche.

Ukunambitheka kanye Nokuphisa

Isiginesha eyinhloko ebonakalayo ngumbala. Iqabunga elomile le-紫娟 lishintshela emibaleni e-violet-brinjal, futhi ukumnika kunganikeza ukucwebezela kwe-lilac, okuphawuleka kakhulu uma kufakwe i-asidi. Iphrofayili ivame ukuchazwa njengegqamile, inesakhiwo esivezwayo kanye nenothi yayo “e-purple”, ehlukile kweyakudala eluhlaza-okumnandi ye-生. Ku-紫芽 evela ezihlahleni ezindala, ukujula kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-大叶种 kuyangena: umzimba ominyene, ukunambitheka kwesikhathi eside, “amandla” okumnika okujwayelekile e-gushu.

Ukuphisa, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-puer luyasebenza:

• izitsha: i-盖碗 (gàiwǎn) noma i-isonsa i-紫砂 (zǐshā) ukwenzela ukucindezela okuvuthiwe;
• amanzi — asondele ekubiliseni;
• ukugeza okusheshayo-ukuvusa iqabunga, bese kuthi ukuthela okufushane ngokwandiswa kancane kancane.

I-紫生 e-purple encane ijwayele ukubaba okukhulu nokubaba — lokhu kuthanjiswa ngokumnika okufushane nokungasebenzisi ngokweqile izinga lokushisa lokuthintana. Izinto zasendle nezesikhashana zidinga ukuqapha: ezinye izinhlobo ezimila endle zibabayo kakhulu ngokwemvelo.

Indlela Yokuhlukanisa

• 紫娟 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-紫芽. I-紫娟 iwuhlobo olufanayo lwe-cultivar: umbala o-purple uzinzile, ukutshala kulawulwa, iqabunga linombala olinganayo. I-紫芽 — imihlumela e-purple ekhethiwe ezihlahleni ezijwayelekile, ezinombala ongafani, enokuxhumana nezingadi ezindala nezinhlobo zasendle.
• Umbala — akusona isiqinisekiso. Ama-anthocyanin aqinisa umbala o-purple wokumnika, kodwa ubukhulu buxhomeke kwiqoqo, ukucutshungulwa kanye ne-pH yamanzi; ukucwebezela kwe-lilac kukodwa akubonisi uhlobo noma ubudala besihlahla.
• Ungaphambanisi ne-熟-gradation. Amagama anjenge-宫廷, 特级, njll. akhuluma ngokuthamba kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-熟普, hhayi nge-phenotype e-purple.
• Ungaphambanisi ne-唛号. Ikhodi yezinombolo ezine — iresiphi yefemu, hhayi umaka wohlobo, unyaka wokukhiqiza noma wokugcina; ukufuna “ubunsomi” kuyo akunangqondo.
• 芽苞 iseduze, kodwa ihlukile. “Umhlumela-cocoon” (芽苞) — yi-niche engenhla yemihlumela emincane, engahlobene nomugqa o-purple.

Isiphetho: i-puer e-purple — lezi izindaba ezimbili ezihlukene ngaphansi kombala owodwa. I-紫娟 — uhlobo olwenziwe ngesandla olune-anthocyanin ephezulu ezinzile; i-紫芽 — into eyivelakancane yemvelo yezihlahla ezindala nezasendle zaseYunnan. Zombili zihlala ziyizinhlobonhlobo ze-niche ngaphakathi kwezwe elikhulu le-普洱, zibalulekile ngenxa yokungajwayelekile kwazo kanye nomsuka.