bù lǎng shēng chá

I-Bulang Shengcha (布朗生茶, Bùlǎng shēng chá) iyi-pu’erh eluhlaza (engavuthiwe), eyenziwe ngeqabunga lezihlahla zetiye zasezintabeni zaseBulang (布朗山, Bùlǎng shān) eningizimu yesifunda saseMenghai (勐海县, Měnghǎi xiàn) esifundeni esizimele sase-Xishuangbanna Dai esifundazweni saseYunnan. Lena ngenye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni we-sheng pu’erh, eyaziwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okunamandla, okugcwele futhi okubabayo okujulile, okusheshe kuguquke kube ukunambitheka okumnandi okubuyayo okunamandla (回甘, huígān). Yilapha lapho kutholakala khona izigodi ezidumile iLao Banzhang (老班章, Lǎo Bānzhāng) neLao Man’e (老曼峨, Lǎo Màn’é), ezibeka izinga lamandla nesakhiwo kuso sonke isigaba. Izintaba zixhumene ngokomlando nabantu baseBulang (布朗族, Bùlǎngzú) — inzalo yamaPu asendulo (濮人, Púrén), abathathwa njengabanye babalimi bokuqala betiye eMpumalanga Asia. Ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Bulang” emakethe, akuhlanganiswa uhlobo oluthile lwetiye, kodwa isitayela setiye esinqunywa imvelaphi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kulezi zintaba.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: I-pu’erh eluhlaza (生普洱, shēng pǔ’ěr; ifushaniswe ngokuthi 生普, shēng pǔ), eyingxenye yesigaba esibanzi se-pu’erh (普洱茶, pǔ’ěrchá).
Umehluko ku-shu pu’erh: I-Sheng iba nokuguga okwemvelo okuhamba kancane ngaphandle kokuqoqwa okumanzi okufakelwayo (渥堆, wòduī), okusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-pu’erh evuthiwe (shu).
Imvelaphi: Izintaba zaseBulang, idolobhana laseBulashan-Bulang (布朗山布朗族乡, Bùlǎngshān Bùlǎngzú xiāng), isifunda saseMenghai, isifunda saseXishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南省, Yúnnán shěng), iPRC. Indawo iseningizimu ekugcineni yeMenghai, emngceleni neMyanmar.
Isimo sesikhundla: Isitayela/indawo — ukuqokwa kwetiye ngendawo lapho kukhula khona izinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi uhlobo lwesayensi yezitshalo.
Uhlaka olujwayelekile: I-Pu’erh njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ilawulwa yizinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 22111-2008 “Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. I-Pu’erh”; izinto zokusetshenziswa zasezintabeni zaseBulang zifakwe endaweni yemvelaphi echazwe yileli zinga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Ngokwamasiko:

Intaba iBulang iqanjwe ngegama labantu baseBulang — esinye sezizwe ezindala kakhulu zokulima tiye eYunnan, ezihlotshaniswa ngofuzo nangokwamasiko namaPu asendulo (濮人). Kukholelwa ukuthi yilezi zizwe ezaziphakathi kwabokuqala ukufuya nokutshala isihlahla setiye eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Idolobhana laseLao Man’e, elakhiwe abantu baseBulang, ngokwesiko lendawo, selineminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane likhona futhi ligcina amasimu ezihlahla zetiye ezindala.

Indima yomlando: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zasezintabeni zaseBulang sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa abacindezeli baseMenghai, kanti ifektri yaseMenghai (勐海茶厂, Měnghǎi cháchǎng, uphawu 大益, Dàyì) yayithenga amaqabunga ale ndawo ukwenza izingxube.
Ubuhlanga bezigodi: ILao Man’e iyidolobhana lomlando labantu baseBulang; iLao Banzhang ikakhulukazi inabantu baseHani (哈尼族, Hānízú, igatsha lendawo lama-Aini).
Udumo lwanamuhla: Ukwaziwa okukhulu kweLao Banzhang kwenzeka ngeminyaka yawo-2000 kanye nokwanda kwesidingo setiye lezihlahla ezindala (古树, gǔshù), lapho amasampuli ayo aba ngamanye abiza kakhulu esigabeni.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo: ICamellia sinensis yohlobo lwase-assam (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), uhlobo lwaseYunnan olunamacembe amakhulu oluyinhlanganisela yezitshalo (云南大叶种, Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng).
Isimo sezitshalo: Izimo eziyizihlahla (乔木, qiáomù) kanye nezimo eziyizihlahla kancane; kutholakala izihlahla ezindala (古树, gǔshù), izihlahla ezincane “zasengadini” kanye nokutshalwa okusezigodini (台地茶, táidìchá).
Iqabunga: Likhulu, linamanzi, linemithanjana ebonakalayo nengqamuzana yeqabunga ewugqinsi, enothe nge-polyphenol — uphawu oluyisici sezinhlanganisela zaseYunnan ezinamacembe amakhulu.

Umehluko phakathi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela ezihlahleni ezineminyaka eminingi nalezo ezivela emasimini asezigodini mkhulu kakhulu: iqabunga lesihlahla esidala linikeza ukunambitheka okugcwele, okujulile nokugcwaliswe amandla, kanti izinto zokusetshenziswa zasesigodini zizwakala zilula futhi zibukhali kakhulu ekubabeni.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Ukuphakama: Cishe 1200–2000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; izigodi ezisemqoka zetiye zisengxenyeni ephezulu yaleli banga.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon — inkungu eningi, umswakama omkhulu, umehluko obonakalayo wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku, isikhathi eside sokukhula.
Inhlabathi: Ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi ebomvu kanye nenhlabathi ye-laterite enokudonsa kahle kwamanzi.
Izigodi/izingxenye ezisemqoka: ILao Banzhang (老班章), iXin Banzhang (新班章, Xīn Bānzhāng), iLao Man’e (老曼峨), iMan’e (曼峨), iBada (巴达, Bādá), kanye neHekai (贺开, Hèkāi) evame ukubalwa kule ndawo.

Amaphrofayili ezingxenye ayahlukahluka. ILao Banzhang yaziswa ngesimilo “esinamandla” — umzimba ogcwele, amandla anamandla kanye nokubaba okusheshe kuguquke kube ubumnandi. ILao Man’e yaziwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwayo “itiye elibabayo” (苦茶, kǔchá) elinokubaba okuvezwe kakhulu, okuqhubekayo kanye “netiye elimnandi” (甜茶, tiánchá) elithambile. Yilo mehluko phakathi kwalezi zigodi owakha udumo lweBulang njengendawo yamandla.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqiza kuhamba ngohlelo lwakudala lwe-pu’erh eluhlaza, olunikeza i-maocha eyomiswe elangeni (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá), bese iyacindezelwa.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ama-flush aneqabunga elilodwa, amabili noma amathathu, ikakhulukazi avunwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukushiswa/ukwandlalwa (摊晾, tānliàng; 萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga elisha liyomiswa futhi kwehliswe umswakama.
Ukuqinisa uhlaza (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisisa ebhodweni noma esigubhini ngezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe — elanele ukunqanda ukufiphala, kodwa hhayi ukucekela phansi wonke ama-enzyme, okubalulekile ekugugeni okulandelayo.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukucekela phansi isakhiwo samaseli nokunikeza iqabunga isimo.
Ukomisa elangeni (晒青, shàiqīng): Ukomisa ngokwemvelo, okunikeza i-maocha.
Ukushisa ngesitimu nokucindezela (蒸压, zhēngyā): Ukubunjwa kube amaqebelengwane (饼茶, bǐngchá, ngokuvamile 357 g), i-tuo (沱茶, tuóchá) noma izitini (砖茶, zhuānchá) bese kuthi kamuva kome kwengeziwe.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

Iqabunga elomile: Likhulu, luluhlaza okotshani okumnyama kuya koluhlaza okumpunga, nobulembu bezinhlumela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa eziyiprimiyamu.
Ukunambitheka: Etiyeni elincane kunombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo kuya kophuzi osagolide, ngokuhamba kweminyaka yokuguga kuba nethoni ejulile ye-amber.
Iphunga: Itiye elisha elincane — izimbali-utshani, nezinsalela zoju, utshani obuselangeni kanye nokununcela okuncane; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuguqukela ezithelweni ezomisiwe nasezinkuni.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kugxilile, nokubaba okuvezwayo (苦, kǔ) nokuhwahwaza (涩, sè), okusheshe kudlulele ekunambithekeni okumnandi okubuyayo okuqhubekayo (回甘) nasekukhiqizweni kwamathe okuchichimayo (生津, shēngjīn).
Amandla: Amandla etiye anamandla (茶气, cháqì) — esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zodumo lwalesi sifunda.
Ukunambitheka okuhlala emlonyeni: Okude, okuhlanzekile, okumnandi-okunamaminerali; izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinhle zigcina ukunambitheka emigudwini eminingi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Iphakeme, cishe 28–35 % wesisindo esomile — izinga elijwayelekile eliphezulu lezinhlanganisela zaseYunnan ezinamacembe amakhulu; inesibopho sokuhwahwaza namandla okuguga.
I-Catechin (儿茶素, érchásù): Ingxenye enkulu ye-polyphenol; inquma ukubaba nokuhwahwaza kwetiye elincane.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn): Cishe 3–5 %; inikeza umphumela ovusayo.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān), kuhlanganise ne-theanine (茶氨酸, chá’ānsuān): Anikeza ubumnandi ne-umami, ethambisa ukubaba.

Ngesikhathi sokuguga (陈化, chénhuà) ama-polyphenol ayafiphala kancane kancane futhi aguquke, ukwakheka kuyashintsha: ukubaba nokuhwahwaza kuyathamba, ukunambitheka kuba kujulile futhi kube yindilinga, ukunambitheka kuba mnyama. Amanani aqondile ancike engxenyeni, onyakeni nasezimweni zokugcina, ngakho-ke kufanele abhekwe njengamabanga alinganiselwe.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Ukuqinisa amandla: Okubonakalayo ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-caffeine ne-polyphenol.
Amandla e-antioxidant: Kudalwa iphrofayili ye-polyphenol enothe.
Ukugaya ukudla: Ngokwesiko lamaShayina, i-sheng pu’erh enamandla yaziswa njengetiye elisiza ngemva kokudla okunamafutha.

Kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi iBulang esencane inamandla kakhulu futhi igcwele, ngakho-ke abantu abanesisu esibucayi kanye nokusabela okukhuphukile ku-caffeine abanconywa ukuyiphuzela isisu singenalutho noma ebusuku. Ulwazi olunikeziwe luhlala lujwayelekile futhi aluthathi indawo yokubonisana nodokotela.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Isitsha: I-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yokulawula okunembayo noma iketela laseYixing (紫砂壶, zǐshāhú) lobumba ukuze kutholakale ukunambitheka okuyindilinga.
Isilinganiso: Cishe 7–8 g ku-100–150 ml (indlela ye-gongfu).
Amanzi: Athambile, izinga lokushisa 95–100 °C; etiyeni elincane, ikakhulukazi izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqinile-ezibabayo, kungancishiswa kube 95–90 °C ukuze kunciphiswe ubukhali.
Ukugeza (洗茶, xǐchá): Okukodwa okusheshayo — 3–5 amasekhondi, kuchithwe.
Amagudlu: Ukunambitheka kokuqala kufushane, 5–10 amasekhondi, bese isikhathi sandiswa kancane kancane. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyikhwalithi yezihlahla ezindala zikwazi ukumelana namagudlu angu-10 noma ngaphezulu.

Iseluleko esisebenzayo: ngeBulang esencane kungcono ukugudla ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokumisa iqabunga — ngaleyo ndlela ukubaba kwembulwa ngendlela elawulekayo futhi akumunca ukunambitheka okumnandi okubuyayo. Ukuqhathanisa izingxenye ngenhloso yokunambitha (isibonelo, iLao Banzhang neLao Man’e), i-gaiwan ilula kakhulu, ngoba ayigcini amaphunga angaphambilini.

10. Ukugcina:

Uhlobo: Ukugcinwa okomile (干仓, gāncāng) njengendlela eyinhloko; ukugcinwa okumanzi (湿仓, shīcāng) kusheshisa ukuguga, kodwa kuhlanekezela ukunambitheka futhi kufaka engcupheni isikhutha.
Izinga lokushisa: Cishe 20–30 °C, ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha okukhulu.
Umswakama: Olinganiselwe, cishe 60–70 %.
Izimo: Indawo engena umoya ngaphandle kwephunga elingaphandle, kude nokukhanya okuqondile nemithombo yomswakama.
Amandla: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zaseBulang ezigcwele, ezinothe nge-polyphenol zithathwa njengomuntu ofanelekayo wokuguga isikhathi eside — ngokuhamba kweminyaka ukubaba kuyathamba, futhi ukunambitheka kuyajula.

11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:

Ibanga: Libanzi kakhulu. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezijwayelekile zasesigodini noma zasengadini zasezintabeni zaseBulang zitholakala ngentengo elinganiselwe, kanti amasampula ezihlahla ezindala, futhi ikakhulukazi iLao Banzhang, aphakathi kwama-sheng pu’erh abiza kakhulu emakethe.
Isizathu sokuhlukahluka: Intengo incike kakhulu edolobhaneni elithile, eminyakeni yezihlahla, enkathini yokuvuna nangonyaka.

I-Lao Banzhang — ingelinye lamatiye aKwaShayina amgunyathiswa kakhulu: ngaphansi kwegama layo, kuvame ukuthengiswa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisuka ezingxenyeni ezingomakhelwane, ezishibhile kakhulu noma amaqabunga asesigodini. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa umgunyathi ngokwethembeka ngephakethe kuphela, ngakho-ke kufanele uncike esithunzini somthengisi, ekulandelelekeni kwemvelaphi kanye nasetiyeni ngokwalo enkomishini. IBulang yeqiniso yezihlahla ezindala ihlukaniswa ngomzimba ogcwele, ukubaba okunamandla kodwa okuhlanzekile nokubuya okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo kobumnandi, ukumelana namagudlu amaningi kanye namandla avezwayo. Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo enegama lesigodi elikhulu, ukunambitheka okuyisicaba nokufushane kanye “nokwehla” okusheshayo kokunambitheka — yizimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuthi imvelaphi ayihambisani nalokho okushiwoyo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Intaba enegama lesizwe: Intaba iqanjwe ngegama labantu baseBulang, kodwa idolobhana layo elidume kakhulu, iLao Banzhang, lakhiwe ikakhulukazi abantu baseHani (Aini).
Isilinganiso esibabayo: ILao Man’e yaduma ngokubaba okumangalisayo “kwetiye elibabayo” (苦茶) kangangokuba yaba yinkomba ezimele yabathandi bama-sheng anamandla.
Isimilo “sobukhosi”: Ngenxa yokugcwala namandla okunambitheka, iLao Banzhang ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “inkosi” ye-pu’erh.
Indima ezingxubeni: Izinto zokusetshenziswa zaseBulang ezigcwele zaziswa ngokomlando abacindezeli baseMenghai “njengomgogodla” wokwengeza isakhiwo namandla emaqebelengwaneni axutshiwe.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Bulang Sheng Cha — itiye lendawo, hhayi uphawu olulodwa lokuhweba: ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile, kufihlwe izigodi nezingxenye ezihluke kakhulu, ezihlanganiswe umkhandlo “waseBulang” owaziwayo — ukugcwala, ukubaba okunamandla, ukubuya okusheshayo kobumnandi kanye namandla anamandla. Yilesi similo esenze lesi sifunda saba ngenye yezindawo eziyisisekelo zesiko lesimanje le-sheng pu’erh kanye nento yokulingisa okukhulu emakethe.

Ukuze uqalane nesigaba, kunengqondo ukuqala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezikahle eziqinisekisiwe zomugqa wamanani aphakathi, kancane kancane udlulele ekuqhathaniseni izigodi ezihlukahlukene, futhi uqaphele ngokukhethekile amagama anomsindo afana neLao Banzhang, lapho ingozi yokukhokha ngokweqile nomgunyathi iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwenza itiye ngokucophelela nokugcinwa okomile okufanele, iBulang yembulwa njengejabulisa njengetiye elincane elikhanyayo, futhi njengomuntu okhangayo oqhubekayo wokuguga iminyaka eminingi.

the teas described here are available from teamotea