Yìwǔ Máhēi

UMahei (Máhēi, 麻黑) yidolobhana elisendaweni yetiye i-Iwu (Yìwǔ, 易武) eningizimu yeSishuangbanna, igama laso seliyisifaniso sokunambitheka kwesikhathi eside kakhulu phakathi kwama-puer ase-Iwu. Ohlelweni lwethu lwezinga le-村寨, uMahei umi ku-tier S futhi uthathwa njengezinga lokunambitheka kwe-Iwu yakudala: ukumnandi okuthambile, amanzi amnandi, kanye ne-“韵” ehlala isikhathi eside.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-sheng puer (shēng pǔ’ěr, 生普洱)
• Isigaba: CHINA-PUERH TEA — iyunithi yendawo, yesigodi ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Iwu (hhayi uphawu lweresiphi oluhlukile)
• Imvelaphi: idolobhana laseMahei (麻黑), intaba yetiye i-Iwu (易武), isifunda saseMengla (Měnglà, 勐腊), isifunda saseSishuangbanna (Xīshuāngbǎnnà, 西双版纳), eYunnan
• Uhlobo lwesihlahla: 古树 (gǔshù) — izihlahla ezindala
• I-Tier: S — izinga eliphezulu kanye nokuphawuleka okufinyeleleka uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ze-Iwu ezisezingeni S+

UMahei uyingxenye yentaba yetiye i-Iwu — enye yezindawo ezinomlando zokukhiqiza i-sheng puer. I-Iwu iyikhona eliseningizimu-mpumalanga “yezintaba eziyisithupha zetiye zasendulo” ezidumile (gǔ liù dà chá shān, 古六大茶山), inhliziyo yomlando yetiye laseYunnan. Kule ndawo, uMahei unendawo ekhethekile “njengezinga elimaphakathi”.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Indima yomlando: I-Iwu iyisizinda somlando “sezintaba eziyisithupha zasendulo”; udumo lwayo ludabuka enkathini lapho itiye laseYunnan lalihanjiswa ngezinqola ukuya enyakatho nasenkantolo.
• Okudala kwesimanje: ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Iwu, amagama amadolobhana — uMahei, uLuoshuidong, uGuafengzhai, uWangong — abe “yiklasikhi entsha” yokuqoqwa kwe-puer enkathini yesimanje, lapho imakethe yashintsha isuka ezingxubeni zasefektri yaya ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zesigodi esisodwa kanye nesesihlahla esisodwa (dānzhū / dānzhài) ezivela ezihlahleni ezindala.

UMahei ugxilile kulolu hlelo njenge “zinga lokunambitha lase-Iwu”: lapho kudingekile ukukhombisa ukuthi i-Iwu sheng ehlanzekile, ethambile, futhi ehlala isikhathi eside kufanele izwakale kanjani ngaphandle kokuhluka kwehlathi lasendle lezindawo zasehlathini likahulumeni nangaphandle kokushoda okuyigugu kweBohetang, uMahei uyena okhonjwayo njengesibonelo. Yilokhu okwenza i-tier yakhe engaguquki engu-S.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo lwempahla eluhlaza: 古树 (gǔshù) — itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala, ngokungafani ne-大树 (ezinkulu kodwa ezisencane), i-野生 (yasendle), i-过渡型 (yohlobo lwesikhashana), kanye nezitshalo ze-半栽培 (ezilinywe kancane), ezitholakala kwezinye izindawo zaseYunnan.

Isimo se-古树 yisona esichaza izimpawu eziyinhloko zokunambitheka kweMahei: ukwakheka kwamanzi okunothile, “okujiyile” ngaphandle kokuba namandla amabi, ubumnandi obungaguquki, kanye nokunambitheka komphimbo okuhlala isikhathi eside. Izimpande zezihlahla ezindala zinikeza izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinomzimba ogcwele kakhulu nokukhuthazela okukhulu ekuthelweni kunokutshalwa okusha.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Indawo yetiye lase-Iwu yakhiwe amadolobhana amaningi nezindawo, kanti uMahei ubambe isikhundla esikhethekile “njengezinga elimaphakathi” lapha. Uma izigaba ezingomakhelwane zehlathi likahulumeni — iBohetang (Bòhétáng, 薄荷塘), iGuafengzhai (Guāfēngzhài, 刮风寨), iTongqinghe (Tóngqìnghé, 铜箐河) — zidume ngenothi “lasendle” lehlathi kanye nokushoda okukhulu, khona-ke uMahei uhlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nokuhlanzeka nokuphelela kwephrofayili “elinyiwe”, yengadi yase-Iwu. Eduze kukhona namanye amadolobhana aqanjwe ngamagama endawo — iLuoshuidong (Luòshuǐdòng, 落水洞) nenganekwane yayo “yesihlahla sobukhosi”, kanye nomnyombo womlando waseMansa (Mànsā, 曼撒) nesigodi saseWangong (Wāngōng, 弯弓).

Izingadi ezindala zase-Iwu zikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifudumele nezinomswakama waseningizimu kanye nemvelo enhle yehlathi, okwakha ukuthamba okwaziwayo nokujula kokumnandi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

UMahei ukhiqizwa njenge-sheng puer (shēng pǔ’ěr, 生普洱) — i-puer yohlobo “oluhlaza”, olucindezelwe ngokuqondile, ngokungafani ne-shu puer enokuvutshelwa okusheshisayo okumanzi. Ingqondo eyisisekelo yokucubungula izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-sheng ezivela e-Iwu ilandela uhlelo lwakudala:

• ukuqoqwa kwama-flashes ezihlahleni ezindala;
• ukubuna (wěidiāo, 萎凋);
• ukulungiswa-“kokubulala uhlaza” (shāqīng, 杀青), ngokuvamile okwenziwa ngesandla ku-wok;
• ukusongwa (róuniǎn, 揉捻);
• ukomiswa elangeni, okunikeza “izinto ezingavuthiwe eziluhlaza elangeni” — shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶);
• ukucindezelwa kube amaqebelengwane, izitini, noma ezinye izimo, bese kulandela ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Ukomiswa elangeni kanye nokungabikho kokuvutshelwa okujulile esigabeni sokukhiqiza kushiya itiye linamandla okuguquka eminyakeni eminingi lapho ligcinwe — okuyisici esiyisisekelo sawo wonke ama-sheng puer asezingeni eliphakeme avela e-Iwu.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka:

Iphrofayili kaMahei kurejista yethu ichazwa ngamafuphi futhi ngokunembile: 汤柔水甜, 韵长 — ukumnandi okuthambile, amanzi amnandi, ukunambitheka okuyisikhathi eside. UMahei uphawulwe njengomnikazi we-“韵” (yùn) egqame kakhulu kuyo yonke i-Iwu.

I-“韵” lapha ingumqondo obalulekile. Akuyona iphunga elihlukile, kodwa ukuvumelana kwemizwa: indlela ubumnandi nomzimba wokumnandi okuqhubeka “ngokukhala” emphinjeni nasemlonyeni ngemva kokuswela, ukuthi ubumnandi obubuyayo (huígān, 回甘) kanye nomswakama omnandi kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani. UMahei waziswa ngalokhu kuphila isikhathi eside nokuphelela, hhayi ngamandla ashaya ngamandla: ngokungafani nesitayela sase-布朗山 nesikhathi saso “霸气” kanye nokubaba okusindayo (njengakuLao Banzhang noma uLao Man’e), uMahei wase-Iwu usebenza ngokuthamba, ukusasazeka, nokujula.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Imihlahlandlela esebenzayo yokwenza i-sheng puer evela ezihlahleni ezindala:

• Isitsha: i-gaiwan noma itiye ye-Yixing; ukunikezwa okuminyene kwe-gongfu.
• Amanzi: athambe, asondele emanzini abilayo.
• Isilinganiso: cishe ama-7 – 8 g ku-100 – 120 ml.
• Indlela: ukufudumeza okusheshayo—ukugeza kweqabunga elomile, bese kuba ukuthelwa okufushane okuya kukhula kancane kancane.
• Ukukhuthazela: izihlahla ezindala zase-Iwu zikwazi ukumelana nokwenziwa itiye izikhathi eziningi, zembula ubumnandi kanye ne-“韵” kancane kancane — akufanele ubeke itiye isikhathi eside kakhulu ekuthelweni kokuqala.

10. Ukugcinwa:

UMahei usabela kahle ekuvuthweni: ukuthamba okuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kweminyaka kuba kujulile, kanti ubumnandi buba obufana noju. Ukomiswa elangeni kanye nokungabikho kokuvutshelwa okujulile esigabeni sokukhiqiza kushiya itiye linamandla okuguquka eminyakeni eminingi lapho ligcinwe.

11. Intengo kanye Nezomgunyathi:

I-Puer njengesigaba ichazwa uhlaka lwezinga likazwelonke letiye le-puer kanye nezinhlinzeko ezihambisanayo zokuqanjwa kwendawo ye-puer yaseYunnan. Okuqondile 唛号 (izinombolo zeresiphi zefektri) kanye nezinombolo zezinga zedolobhana likaMahei ngakunye azilotshwanga emthonjeni wethu, ngaleyo ndlela asizilethi: uMahei ngokuyinhloko uyiyunithi yendawo, yesigodi ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Iwu, hhayi uphawu oluhlukile olujwayelekile. Othengayo kufanele abheke imvelaphi (Iwu — Mahei), uhlobo lwesihlahla (古树) kanye nohlobo lwetiye (sheng), kanti izimangalo ngezinga elithile kufanele zihlolwe ekupakisheni komkhiqizi othile.

Izinkomba ezimbalwa ezisiza ekuhlonzeni uMahei wangempela nokuthi ungamphambanisi nezitayela ezingomakhelwane:

• Isitayela, hhayi amandla. UMahei umayelana nokuthamba, amanzi amnandi, kanye ne-“韵” ende. Uma inkomishi ibuswa ukubaba okusindayo kanye ne-“霸气,” lokho kungcono kube yiphrofayili yase-布朗山 (Banzhang, Lao Man’e), kungesiyona i-Iwu.
• Isiginesha yase-Iwu ngokumelene neyehlathi likahulumeni. Izindawo zehlathi likahulumeni zase-Iwu (Bohetang, Guafengzhai, Tongqinghe) zinikeza inothi “lasendle,” elipholile nehlathi. UMahei uyisigxobo sengadi, “esilinyiwe” se-Iwu: ehlanzekile, esakazeke kakhudlwana, ngaphandle kwe-野韵 ephawuleka kakhulu.
• Umzimba kanye nokunambitheka. UMahei wasendulo wezihlahla ezindala oyiqiniso ukhombisa amanzi aminyene kodwa athambe kanye nokunambitheka komphimbo okuqhubekayo, okuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngokuphawulekayo kunokutshalwa okusha.
• Imvelaphi ekumakisweni. Bheka ukushiwo kwendawo ye-Iwu nedolobhana laseMahei, kanye nohlobo lwempahla eluhlaza (古树) nohlobo lwetiye (sheng). Ukufuna okuqondile 唛号 kwedolobhana akunangqondo — lokhu kuyiyunithi yendawo, hhayi yeresiphi.
• Ubumakhelwane ngokwerejista. Amagama ahambisana nawo, uLuoshuidong noWangong, asiza ekuziqondiseni: angawomndeni ofanayo wokunambitha kwe-Iwu, futhi ukuqonda umehluko wawo kucacisa ukuthi yini ngempela oyiphethe ngesandla.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• UMahei uyisimo lapho isithunzi sedolobhana sakhiwe hhayi ngokungavamile noma amandla ashuthayo, kodwa ngokunemba “okulungile” okungenasici kokunambitheka. Ukuze ujwayelane nokuthi i-Iwu yakudala injani, lokhu kungenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqala.
• Edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane iLuoshuidong (落水洞) kunenganekwane eyaziwayo “ngesihlahla sobukhosi.”