Méichá jiāzú

I-Méichá (眉茶) — “itiyela-leshiye” — akulona uhlobo olulodwa, kodwa isikali esiphelele samabanga okuhweba etiye elide eliluhlaza eligazingiwe (长炒青 cháng chǎoqīng), osekungamakhulu eminyaka kuwubuso obukhulu bokuthunyelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza laseShayina. Ngaphansi kwegama lamazwe ngamazwe elithi “Chunmee” leli kilasi lisabambe izimakethe zaseNyakatho neNtshonalanga Afrika.

Liyini i-méichá futhi livelaphi

Igama elithi 眉茶 (méichá) lichaza isimo seqabunga eselilungile: imichilo emincane, esontekile, egobile kancane, efana neshiye lowesifazane. Impahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo — itiye eliluhlaza elide eligazingiwe 长炒青, elidlula “ekubulaweni kokuluhlaza” nokusonteka kanye nokugazinga kokugcina-ukumisa, okunikeza ukusonteka okuphoqekile, okuqhubekayo kanye nethoni evelele yokugazinga (栗香 lìxiāng, “i-castnut”).

Umnyombo ongokomlando wokukhiqiza — yinhlangano yezifundazwe ezintathu, okubizwa ngokuthi “unxantathu oluhlaza” waseZhejiang, Anhui, kanye neJiangxi (浙皖赣 Zhè-Wǎn-Gàn). Kulapha lapho kwakheka khona amagama emikhiqizo yakudala “ngendawo”:

• 屯绿 (túnlǜ, i-Tunlu) — evela eTunxi naseXiuning e-Anhui, i-徽州 yomlando; kanye netiye elibomvu le-qihong kwakha ipheya elidumile “祁红屯绿”.
• 婺绿 / 饶绿 (wùlǜ / ráolǜ) — evela eWuyuan naseShangrao eJiangxi; itiye lalapha kuthiwa “茶不到婺源不香” (“itiye alinuki kahle lize lifike eWuyuan”), isifunda saziwa ngokuthunyelwa kwezinto eziphilayo e-EU.
• 遂绿 / 杭绿 / 温绿 (suìlǜ / hánglǜ / wēnlǜ) — izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-méichá zaseZhejiang.

Ngaphandle komunxantathu isitayela esifanayo sikhiqizwa nakwezinye izifundazwe ngamagama azo — 湘绿, 鄂绿, 黔绿, 豫绿, 舒绿 (eHunan, eHubei, eGuizhou, eHenan, e-Anhui), okuya emakethe yasekhaya, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Impahla eluhlaza nokucubungula: kusuka e-maochá kuya e-精制

Ukhiye wokuqonda wonke umndeni — ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezimbili.

初制 (ukucubungula kokuqala) kuveza i-máochá (毛茶) — i-炒青 ende “eluhlaza” enosayizi ongalingani, enengxube yezicucu, iziqu kanye nothuli. Kulesi sigaba iqabunga selivele licwebezela ngokuluhlaza (绿润), linokusonteka “njengeshiye”, linephunga elimnandi le-castnut kanye nokungeniswa okuminyene, okuthambile — lesi yisisekelo salo lonke itiye eliluhlaza elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

精制 (ukucwenga) — yilokho okuguqula i-maochá eyodwa ibe uhla oluphelele lwamabanga. Imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe:

• 筛分 (shāifēn) — ukuhlungwa ngesisefo ngosayizi nobude;
• 风扇 (fēngshàn) — ukuvuthelwa komoya ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngesisindo nokuminyana;
• 拣剔 (jiǎntī) — ukukhethwa kweziqu, izinhlayiya ezimahhadlahhadla nezingaphandle;
• 扑火 (pūhuǒ) — ukwomiswa kokugcina-“ukushaya ngomlilo” ukuze kuzinziswe umswakama nephunga elimnandi.

Ngokuqondile ukuhlungwa, hhayi izingadi ezahlukene noma izinkathi zonyaka, okwakha indlela yezikhundla: impahla yokuqala efanayo isabalala ibe izingxenye ezisuka kwenkulu kakhulu nelinganayo kuye kweyokukhucululwa emincane.

Amabanga omndeni wakwaChunmee

Isikali sakheka ngokuyinhloko ngosayizi, ukulingana kanye “neklasi” lokusonteka.

特珍 (tèzhēn, i-Special Chunmee)

Ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu le-méichá. Iqabunga elilingana kakhulu nelikhulu kakhulu lekilasi le-珍眉, ingxenye ekhethiwe ye-炒青 ende. Iya kwamanye amazwe njengendawo ephambili, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho naseNtshonalanga Afrika.

珍眉 (zhēnméi, i-Chunmee)

Ibanga eliyisisekelo, “elithwalayo” lawo wonke umndeni kanye nomthombo wegama lamazwe ngamazwe i-Chun Mee. Leli yitiye eliluhlaza eliyinhloko elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe laseShayina, umnyombo wemakethe yaseMorocco. Imichilo emincane egobile, ukusonteka okulinganayo, iphrofayili ehlanzekile ye-castnut-eluhlaza.

凤眉 / 针眉 (fèngméi / zhēnméi, i-Sowmee/inalithi)

Ibanga elimaphakathi. Okukhethiwe okuncane nokuhle kakhulu kwe-méichá uma kuqhathaniswa ne-珍眉 — izingxenye “ezifana nezinalithi”, ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuhlunga.

雨茶 (yǔchá, i-Young Hyson / “itiyela lemvula”)

Indawo ekhethekile: ukukhucululwa okusontekile okufushane, okutholakala ngesikhathi sokucwenga. Okubalulekile — 雨茶 akukheki kuphela kusuka ku-炒青 ende, kodwa futhi nakwi-圆炒青 (i-pan-fired eyindilinga, okungukuthi kusuka emgqeni we-珠茶/isiqhumane). Lezi yizinhlayiya ezisontekile, ezisonteke kafushane, ezihlukaniswa ngesikhathi se-精制 kusuka ku-méichá-, kanye naku-chzhuchá-flow.

贡熙 (gòngxī, i-Hyson) / 熙春 (xīchūn)

Ibanga elinomlando omude kakhulu waseYurophu. Ngaphansi kwamagama athi “熙春/贡熙” leli tiye lalithunyelwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-18 (i-Hyson yesiNgisi). Namuhla lingaphansi kwekilasi le-炒青 futhi likhishwa ngesikhathi sokuhlunga kusuka ku-珠茶-, kanye nasemkhiqizweni we-眉茶.

秀眉 (xiùméi, i-Sowmee)

Ibanga eliphansi kakhulu ohlwini — ukukhucululwa okuncane, okulula. Ingxenye encane kakhulu nelula kunazo zonke, ehlukaniswa ngokuvuthela nangezisefo; iphetha isikali se-méichá.

Ngesikhathi sokucwenga komugqa oyindilinga (珠茶) kwakheka iqoqo lamabanga ahambisanayo: 珠茶-贡熙 / 雨茶 / 秀眉, okungukuthi amagama afanayo “omsila” ahlanganiswa naku-chzhuchá-flow. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-雨茶, i-贡熙 ne-秀眉 zivela nhlangothi zombili — kubo “bomade” nakubo “bobuhlalu”.

Indawo emndenini we-炒青

Ukuze ungayiphambanisi imigqa:

• 眉茶 / 长炒青 — ukusonteka okude “ngeshiye” → 特珍 珍眉 凤眉 雨茶 贡熙 秀眉.
• 珠茶 / 圆炒青 (平水珠茶, i-Gunpowder) — ukusonteka okuyindilinga “ngobuhlalu”, isithonjana somlando esivela ePingshui eShaoxing (eZhejiang), “ubuhlalu obuluhlaza”, obumelana nokuphindaphinda ukuphuzwa, uphawu lwe-天坛. Ukucwenga kwayo nakho kunikeza i-珠茶/雨茶/秀眉.

Yomibili imigqa — izinsika zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ze-炒青 eluhlaza, eziphambukela emisha yase-Afrika efanayo.

Ukunambitheka nokwenza itiye

Iphrofayili yomndeni wakwaChunmee iyabonakala: iqabunga elomile elicwebezelayo eliluhlaza elinokusonteka “kweshiye”, iphunga elimnandi le-castnut (栗香) elihlanzekile, ukungeniswa okuminyene, okulinganayo, okuthambile-okucebile (醇厚 chúnhòu) ngaphandle kobuthi obuqatha. Amabanga aphezulu (特珍, 珍眉) anikeza inkomishi ehlanzekile, eqoqiwe; aphansi (秀眉) — alula futhi alula, ne-aftertaste emfushane.

Izinkombandlela ezingokoqobo zokwenza itiye le-炒青 eliluhlaza:

• amanzi angaphansi kokubilisa, acishe abe ngu-80 – 85 °C, ukuze “ungashisi” iqabunga;
• ingilazi noma i-gaiwan, ukubona ukuvuleka kokusonteka;
• ukuthelwa okufushane, kwandiswa ngokunambitha;
• amabanga amakhulu alinganayo (特珍, 珍眉) abamba ukuphuzwa okwengeziwe, kunama-秀眉 amancane.

Leli yitiye eliluhlaza “elisebenzayo”, “elansuku zonke” — amandla alo awakho ephungeni elimnandi elinemibala eminingi yetiye lobuciko elisezintabeni eziphakeme, kodwa ekuhlanzekeni okuthembekile, okuphindaphindekayo kanye nasemzimbeni.

Umlando namasiko

Umndeni wakwa-méichá — ngokuyinhloko wumlando wezohwebo. Amabanga e-熙春/贡熙 (i-Hyson) avela ekuhwebeni kwaseYurophu ngekhulu le-18, lapho itiye eliluhlaza laseShayina laliyimpahla yesikhundla eNgilandi nasezwenikazi. Kamuva umthengi oyinhloko kwaba hhayi iNtshonalanga, kodwa iMaghreb: i-“Chun Mee” ne-Gunpowder yangena esisekelweni sesiko laseMorocco kanye namazwe abanzi aseNyakatho naseNtshonalanga Afrika, lapho itiye eliluhlaza elineminti noshukela liyisiko lansuku zonke lomphakathi.

Ngaphakathi eShayina ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-炒青 obude bondla ipheya lomlando lase-徽州 “祁红屯绿” futhi lakha inethiwekhi eminyene yezimpawu zesifunda ngendawo yemvelaphi. Namuhla i-uyuan 婺绿 ibonakala njengokunikezwa kwezinto eziphilayo e-EU.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani ngaphakathi komndeni

Njengoba wonke amabanga evela e-maochá eyodwa ngokuhlungwa, qondisa ngesimo nangengxenye, hhayi “ngohlobo”:

• 特珍 / 珍眉 — “amashiya” amade, alinganayo, ahlanzekile; ingxenye enkulu noma ephakathi ngobukhulu; ubuncane bezicucu.
• 凤眉 / 针眉 — mncane kakhulu futhi muhle kakhulu, “kufana nezinalithi”.
• 雨茶 — izinhlayiya ezisontelene ezimfushane; khumbula ukuthi zingavela nasemgqeni we-珠茶.
• 贡熙 — ingxenye ye-炒青 ehlukile enozalo lwe-“Hyson” yaseYurophu, ivela kuyo yomibili imigqa.
• 秀眉 — impahla encane kakhulu nelula; ikhanya kakhulu enkomishini, ilula emzimbeni.

Futhi ukuhlukanisa okuyinhloko ngejiyomethri: “ishiya” (长炒青) kuqhathaniswa “nobuhlalu” (圆炒青/珠茶). Uma ukusonteka kukude futhi kugobile — umndeni wakwa-méichá lowo; uma kungamabhola aminyene ayindilinga — sekuyi-Gunpowder leyo, noma ngabe inamagama amabanga omsila afanayo.