jiē yáng chǎo chá A

I-Ceyang chaoqha (揭阳炒茶, Jiēyáng chǎochá) itiye eluhlaza evela esifundeni saseCeyang empumalanga yesifundazwe saseGuangdong, okuyingxenye yesifunda somlando namasiko iQhaoshan (潮汕, Cháoshàn). Leligama lisho ngokuqondile “itiye elithosiwe laseCeyang” futhi likhomba indlela yokuqinisa nokomisa impahla eluhlaza eketelini elishisayo, okuyisici seqembu lamatiye aluhlaza athosiwe (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá). Uhlamvu A kumalisti wentengo lukhomba izinga lempahla, hhayi uhlobo lwesitshalo oluhlukile noma igama elivikelwe. Ngokungafani ne-ulong edumile i-Fenghuang dan cong (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng dāncōng), okuyiyona nto edume ngayo iChaojhou engomakhelwane, amatiye aluhlaza aseQhaoshan ahlala engumkhiqizo ohloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, kwansuku zonke. Kuvamile ukuthi abe “nethoni” yokuthosiwe enomsindo wekhesthinithi elithosiwe kanye nokunambitheka okuminyene, okuhlanjululwe kancane.

1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá).
Uhlobo Oluncane: itiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) — eliqiniswa futhi lomiswe ekugcineni eketelini.
Igama: 揭阳炒茶 — “itiye elithosiwe laseCeyang”; uhlamvu A lukhomba izinga lezentengiso (ngokuvamile eliphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga B, C ohlwini lwentengo olufanayo).
Imvelaphi: isifunda saseCeyang (揭阳市, Jiēyáng shì), isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng shěng), isifunda saseQhaoshan (潮汕, Cháoshàn).

Isici esibalulekile saleli qembu ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okuphathekayo. Uhlamvu 炒 (chǎo, “ukuthosa, ukugazinga”) lukhomba ukuthi kokubili ukuqiniswa kohlaza (杀青, shāqīng), kanye nokomiswa kokugcina kwenziwa ngokushisa kokuthintana eketelini noma esigubhini. Yilokhu ncamashi okwehlukanisa itiye elinjalo kumatiye aluhlaza ashunqiswe ngesitimu (蒸青, zhēngqīng), omiswe elangeni (晒青, shàiqīng) kanye nawomiswe ngomoya oshisayo (烘青, hōngqīng) futhi okunika ukunambitheka “okweketelini”, okwekhastinithi okwaziwayo.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Isifunda: ICeyang ngokomlando yayiyingxenye yesifunda saseChaojhou (潮州府, Cháozhōu fǔ) futhi yabelana ngesiko letiye elifanayo laseQhaoshan.
Umondli: isiko lendawo elibusayo ukuphuzwa kwetiye kwegongfu-cha (工夫茶, gōngfū chá) — ukugxishwa ngegaiwani noma ngetigedlela elincane ngezikhathi ezimfushane zokwedlulisa amanzi ezimbalwa.

Isiko letiye laseQhaoshan lakhiwe ngokuyinhloko emaulongweni anephunga elimnandi ochungechungeni lwe-dancong oluvela ezintabeni zeFenghuang (凤凰山, Fènghuáng shān). Amatiye aluhlaza lapha ngokwesiko athatha indawo yesiphuzo esilula, sansuku zonke: aphuzwa ekhaya nasekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, kanti emsebenzini womkhosi we-gongfu-cha ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ama-ulong. Uhlaza oluthosiwe oluvela ezindaweni ezisemagqumeni aseCeyang nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane lwalukhiqizelwa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi kanye nezimakethe zasendaweni, hhayi njengetiye “legama” elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwesifundazwe igama elithi 揭阳炒茶 alaziwa kakhulu futhi lisebenza njengesigaba semakethe kunokuba uhlobo oluvikelwe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Uhlobo lwesitshalo: isihlahla setiye (Camellia sinensis).
Izinhlobo: ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zendawo ezihlangene (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng) kanye nezimila ezijwayele endaweni yaseGuangdong; asikho isibopho esiqinile sohlobo olulodwa lwalesi sigaba sempahla.
Impahla eluhlaza: amafleji ezindima ezahlukene zokuvuthwa — kusukela “eqhumeni elinamaqabunga amabili” kumazinga aphezulu kuya eqabungeni elimahhadlahhadla lamabheji avamile.

Izinga A ngokuvamile lisikisela impahla eluhlaza evunwe kusenesikhathi futhi ehlelekile enengxenye ephakeme yamafleji amancane, okunikeza ukunambitheka okumsulwa kakhulu kanye nobudlabha obuncane ekunambithekeni. Njengoba kungekho nasiphi isazisi sohlobo lwesitshalo esibhalwe phansi esisesidlangalaleni saleli gama, akufanele ukukhomba ukuhlobana nohlobo olulodwa lwesitshalo; empeleni kusetshenziswa izitshalo zasendaweni ezitholakala emapulazini.

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isimo Sezulu: i-monsoon yesifunda esishisayo — efudumele, inomswakama, enobusika obupholile kanye nemvula eningi.
Indawo: izindawo ezisezintabeni nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga yesifunda; uhlelo lwezintaba lwesifunda luhlanganisa ukhahlamba i-Lianhua (莲花山脉, Liánhuā shānmài) kanye nenqwaba i-Dabeishan (大北山, Dàběishān) esifundeni saseCiexi (揭西县, Jiēxī xiàn).
Inhlabathi: inhlabathi ene-asidi ebomvu nephuzi yohlobo lwezintaba.
Izixhumanisi: isifunda sitholakala cishe ku-22.9–23.8° N kanye no-115.6–116.6° E.

Izindawo ezifanele kakhulu ukutshala itiye yilezo ezisemithambekeni enokwehluka okwakhekile kwamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke kanye nenkungu evamile, okubambezela ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi kube nomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwezinto ezincibilikayo. Ukutshalwa emathafeni nasezintabeni eziphansi kuveza iqabunga eliningi, kodwa elinokunambitheka okungajulile kakhulu, okuyilona elivame ukuya emabhejini avamile athosiwe. Ukuphakama okuqondile kweziza kuyehlukahluka, ngakho-ke akufanele kulethwe inombolo eyodwa yawo wonke umkhakha.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): ukuvunwa kwamafleji ngesandla noma ngomshini kuya ngezinga.
Ukubunela/Ukundlala (摊放, tānfàng): ungqimba oluncane lwamaqabunga ukususa umswakama ongaphezulu.
Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): ukufudumala eketelini noma esigubhini ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme futhi kumiswe i-oxidation.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): ukwakheka kweqabunga kanye nokucekelwa kwengxenye yamaseli ukuze kukhishwe ukunambitheka okungcono.
Ukomisa ngokuthosa (炒干, chǎogān): ukuqedela ukoma ngokushisa kokuthintana.

Ukomisa kokugcina eketelini kuyisigaba esinqumayo “se炒青”. Ukuthintana kwesikhathi eside kweqabunga nendawo eshisayo kubangela ukusabela kweMayiard futhi kunikeze ukunambitheka kwephrofayili yokuthosiwe nekhastinithi, umzimba ominyene kakhulu kanye “nobuhlaza” obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye omiswe ngomoya. Isimo seqabunga eselilungile ngokuvamile sisontekile noma sigobile kancane, kungavamile ukuthi sisontekile saqina saba yizintambo; imininingwane eqondile incike emishinini nasemasu omkhiqizi othile.

6. Izimpawu Zomzwelo:

Iqabunga elomile: luhlaza okotshani omnyama noma okumpunga, lusontekile, lunendawo ematshe; iphunga leqabunga elomile lithosiwe, linamantongomane.
Ukunambitheka: kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokuphuzi okuluhlaza, ngokuvamile kukhanya; emabhejini amahhadla kungenzeka kube nethoni eluhlaza neludakile.
Iphunga: kubuswa ithoni “eyothisiwe”, amanothi ekhesthinithi elithosiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), kwesinye isikhathi ubumnandi obuncane bokusanhlamvu.
Ukunambitheka: okunothile, okuminyene, nokuhlanjululwa okuzwakalayo kanye nokubamba okulingene; emazingeni aphezulu — ngokunambitheka okumsulwa ngemuva.
Iqabunga elibilisiwe: luhlaza okotshani okuphuzi, empahleni eluhlaza emahhadla amaqabunga amakhulu naqinile ayabonakala.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol etiye (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): ematiyeni aluhlaza alinganiselwa ku-18–36% wesisindo esomile; ohlaza oluthosiwe lwasemathafeni ingxenye ivame ukusondela engxenyeni engenhla yebanga.
Ama-Catechin (儿茶素, érchásù): ingxenyana eyinhloko yama-polyphenol, ebangela ukuhlanjululwa kanye nomsebenzi we-antioxidant.
Ama-Amino acid akhululekile (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): alinganiselwa ku-2–4%; i-L-theanine inikeza i-umami nokuthamba.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn): ngokuvamile icishe ibe ngu-2–4%.
Okunye: ushukela oncibilikayo emanzini, i-vitamin C (icekelwa phansi ngesikhathi sokomiswa kweketela), izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokushisa.

Amanani anikeziwe ayizinkomba ezijwayelekile zamatiye aluhlaza, hhayi ipasi elikaliwe lebheji elithile; izinkomba eziqondile zincike empahleni eluhlaza, enkathini nasendleleni yokuthosa.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: uhlobene nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin nama-polyphenol.
Ukuqabulula: ngenxa ye-caffeine ehlanganiswe ne-L-theanine — ukuphaphama ngaphandle kokuthuthumela okunamandla.
Ukwengeza amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokugaya: umphumela omncane, “wokuhlanza”, ojwayelekile itiyeni eliluhlaza lansuku zonke.

Imininingwane ngosizo ihlobene netiye eliluhlaza njengesigaba futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuzwakalayo kwe-caffeine nama-polyphenol, ukunambitheka okuqinile esiswini esingenalutho nakusihlwa kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha; abantu abazwela kakhulu ku-caffeine kufanele bakhawulele ukugxilisa.

9. Ukugxishwa:

Isitsha: ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn); kuvunyelwe futhi indlela yaseChaojhou ye-gongfu-cha ngegaiwani encane.
Amanzi: athambile, alethwe emathunjini abese epholiswa aze afike ku-80–90 °C; emabhejini amahhadla kuvunyelwe ukushisa kancane.
Umthamo: cishe u-3–4 g ku-150–200 ml ngendlela yasentshonalanga; u-5–7 g ku-100–120 ml ngesikhathi sokwedlulisa amanzi.
Izikhathi Zokwedlulisa Amanzi: ukunambitheka kokuqala 20–40 amasekhondi, bese kukhula kancane kancane; kumelana nezikhathi zokwedlulisa ezi-3–5 kuya ngezinga.

Iseluleko esisebenzayo: uhlaza oluthosiwe luzwela ekushiseni ngokweqile — amanzi abilayo aqinisa ubumuncu futhi akhiphe ukubamba. Qala ngamanzi apholile kancane kanye nokukhishwa okufushane, futhi uma ufisa ukuqinisa ithoni yekhesthinithi khuphula kancane izinga lokushisa ezikhathini zakamuva zokwedlulisa amanzi. Akunconywa ukugxishwa isikhathi eside ngetigedlela lasentshonalanga: iqabunga livame ukukhipha ngokushesha ama-polyphenol alo.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: indawo epholile, ubumnyama, ukungabikho kwephunga langaphandle nomswakama.
Isiqukathi: ukupakishwa okuvaleka kahle okungabonisi noma ibhakede; uma kugcinwa isikhathi eside — isiqandisi noma isiqandisi esiqandisayo bese kufudunyezwa kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ngaphambi kokuvulwa.
Umkhawulo wesikhathi: itiye eliluhlaza liphuzwa kahle kakhulu liselisha, kungakapheli cishe izinyanga eziyi-12; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iphunga nokugqama kokunambitheka kuyalahleka.

Uhlaza oluthosiwe lumelana kancane nokuncipha uma luqhathaniswa nohlaza oluthambile lwasentwasahlobo lwamaqhumu ngenxa yokusetshenzwa kokushisa, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo lokhu kuseyitiye eliluhlaza elonakala masinyane, elingahloselwe ukuvuthwa iminyaka eminingi.

11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Isigaba sentengo: leli yitiye eliluhlaza lesifunda elijwayelekile, hhayi into eqoqwayo; izinga A ohlwini lwentengo — “ingaphezulu” lomugqa wasekhaya, kodwa hhayi i-premium yezinga likazwelonke.
Ukubekwa kwentengo: kuncike ekusha kwesivuno, enxenyeni yempahla eluhlaza encane nasekucopheleleni kokuthoswa, hhayi “edumeni” legama.

Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, umgunyathi oqondile awunangqondo kwezomnotho; ubungozi obujwayelekile buhlukile. Okokuqala, ukushintshwa kwezinga — ukuthengiswa kwempahla eluhlaza emahhadla ngaphansi kohlamvu A. Okwesibili, ukuthengiswa kwetiye elidala langonyaka odlule njengelisha: lokhu kuboniswa umbala weqabunga ophelile, iphunga elibuthaka kanye nokunambitheka “okungenalutho”, okuyisicaba. Okwesithathu, ukuhlobana okungacacile nemvelaphi — ngaphansi kwegama elithi 揭阳炒茶 kungathengiswa uhlaza oluthosiwe olufanayo oluvela kwezinye izindawo zaseGuangdong. Bheka usuku lokuvuna, iphunga lekhastinithi eliphilayo leqabunga elomile, ubumsulwa bokunambitheka kanye nokwanele kwentengo; ukwethulwa “okubizayo” okweqile kwetiye elinjalo njengento eyivelakancane kuyisizathu sokungabaza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Isifunda saseQhaoshan sihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nama-ulong e-dancong, ngakho-ke isiko lendawo eliluhlaza elithosiwe lihlala lisemthunzini wabo futhi licishe lingaziwa ngaphandle kwesifundazwe.
Umehluko “炒青” kanye “烘青” akuyona into yokumaketha, kodwa ukwehlukana kwezobuchwepheshe: ukushisa kokuthintana kunikeza iphrofayili yokuthosiwe, ukomisa ngomoya kunikeza iphrofayili entsha kakhulu neyezimbali-utshani.
Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwaseQhaoshan leli tiye eliluhlaza livame ukugxishwa ngezitsha ezincane ezifanayo nezama-ulong, kodwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi.
Uhlamvu A, B, C kumalisti wentengo wendawo ziyisikali sezohwebo esiqondile somhlinzeki othile futhi azihambisani nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga okusemthethweni kukahulumeni.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Ceyang chaoqha A iyisibonelo esijwayelekile setiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe lansuku zonke lasempumalanga yeGuangdong: akulona uhlobo oludumile, kodwa isigaba semakethe esisebenzayo esinobuso bayo obaziwayo — umzimba ominyene, ukuhlanjululwa kanye nephunga lokuthosiwe nekhesthinithi, elinikezwa ngempela ukucutshungulwa kweketela. Lithakazelisa ngokuyinhloko njengokwehluka kuma-ulong adumile aseQhaoshan futhi njengewindi ohlangothini lwansuku zonke, “lwasekhaya” lwesiko letiye lalapha.

Ukusondela etiyeni elinjalo kuhle ngokulindela okuqotho: ukubaluleka kwalo kusekusheni, izinga elithembekile kanye nokuthoswa okucophelelayo, hhayi ekuveleni kancane noma ekuvuthweni. Lapho ukhetha ibheji, bheka usuku lwesivuno kanye nokuphila kwephunga, ugxise ngamanzi ashisise ngokulingene ngezikhathi zokwedlulisa amanzi ezimfushane — bese isiphuzo sizoziveza ncamashi njengoba sinjalo: itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda elihle ngaphandle kokuzenzisa nangaphandle kokuhlotshiswa.

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