I-Ānhuà Tiān Jiān Hēichá

I-Tiān Jiān iyilona khwalithi ephezulu kakhulu kuhlelo lwe-“Sān Jiān” (三尖, Sān Jiān – “Izihloko Ezintathu”), okuwumlando wokuhlelwa kwezinga lamatiye amnyama avulekile avela esifundeni sase-Ānhuà esifundazweni sase-Húnán. Lena ukuphela kommeleli we-Ānhuà Hēi Chá owenziwe ngokukhethekile ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisemgangathweni wokuqala futhi ohloselwe isigodlo sombusi. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-Ānhuà Hēi Chá — “izihloko ezintathu” (三尖), “izitini ezintathu” (三砖) kanye “nomqulu owodwa” (一卷) — i-Tiān Jiān yiyona ehluke ngokuthi inomumo othambile kakhulu, ihlanganisa iphunga eliqinile lephayini nentuthu kanye nokunambitheka okuphumayo okumnene nokunoshukela.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye elivutshiwe ngemva kokuvunwa (hòu fājiào chá, 后发酵茶, hòu fājiào chá), okuyilunga lomkhakha we-Hēi Chá (黑茶, Hēichá – “itiye elimnyama”). Izinga lokuvutshelwa liphansi, likhula ngesikhathi esigciniwe.
Umkhakha: Amatiye amnyama adumile aseShayina. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu kuhlelo lwe-“Sān Jiān” (三尖, Sān Jiān – Tiān Jiān, Gōng Jiān, Shēng Jiān), olwaziwa nangokuthi i-Xiāng Jiān Chá (湘尖茶, Xiāng Jiān Chá – “Izihloko zase-Húnán”). Ngenkathi ye-Cultural Revolution (1967) amagama angokwesiko athathelwa indawo izinombolo: i-Tiān Jiān yaba “Sāng Jiān No. 1” (湘尖1号), i-Gōng Jiān – “Sāng Jiān No. 2”, i-Shēng Jiān – “Sāng Jiān No. 3”. Igama lomlando labuyiselwa ngo-1983, kodwa izichasiselo zemfundo zagcinwa ngokuhambisana.
Umsuka: I-Shayina, isifundazwe sase-Húnán (湖南省, Húnán Shěng), umasipala wedolobha i-Yìyáng (益阳市, Yìyáng Shì), isifunda sase-Ānhuà (安化县, Ānhuà Xiàn). Izindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza – “imigqa emibili, imifudlana emibili, imigede eyisithupha” (两山两溪六洞, liǎng shān liǎng xī liù dòng): izintaba i-Yúntái Shān (云台山, Yúntái Shān) kanye ne-Fúróng Shān (芙蓉山, Fúróng Shān), imifudlana i-Gāomǎ Èr Xī (高马二溪, Gāomǎ Èr Xī) ne-Huángshā Xī (黄沙溪, Huángshā Xī), kanye “nemigede” eyisithupha (izigodi ezincane eziyizehlakalo zezintaba). Isizinda somlando sokukhiqiza – amadolobhana i-Jiāngnán (江南镇), i-Xiǎoyān (小淹镇) kanye ne-Báishāxī (白沙溪).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-27°59′–28°38′ wenyakatho, u-110°43′–111°59′ empumalanga. Isifunda sase-Ānhuà sisenyakatho yomqolo we-Xuěfēng Shān (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān), phakathi nomfula i-Zī Shuǐ (资水, Zī Shuǐ).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Ngokwesiko:

Umlando wakuqala we-Ānhuà Hēi Chá. Isiko letiye lesifunda sase-Ānhuà lisukela enkathini yase-Táng (唐朝, 618–907). Ngo-856 umbhalo othi “Shànfū jīngshòu lù” (膳夫经手录) ubala “izingcezu ezizacile zase-Qújiāng” (渠江薄片, Qújiāng Bó Piàn), izazi-mlando ezikuhlanganisa nezindlela zakuqala zetiye lase-Ānhuà. Ngo-1391 (uMing, ukubusa kuka-Hóngwǔ) inkantolo yabeka isilinganiso sonyaka: ama-jīn angu-22 (cishe u-13 kg) wamahlumela etiye ase-Ānhuà njengomnikelo. Ngo-1524 (uMing, u-Jiājìng unyaka wesi-3) kwaqoshwa okokuqala igama elithi “hēi chá” (黑茶) kumatiye avela e-Ānhuà. Ngo-1595 (uMing, u-Wànlì unyaka wama-23) ngomthetho wombusi i-Ānhuà Hēi Chá yachazwa “njenge-chá elisemthethweni” (官茶, guān chá) okuhwebelana ngama-chá namahhashi (茶马交易, chámǎ jiāoyì) nezindawo ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga.
Ukuvela kwe-“Sān Jiān”. Umkhakha we-“Jiān Chá” (尖茶) wavela ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Qiánlóng (乾隆, 1736–1795), lapho abathengisi base-Shānxī base-Qǔwò (曲沃, Qǔwò) ngokuhlanganyela nezindawo zokwenza itiye zendawo “Jiāngnán Lǎo Cháháng” (江南老茶行) baqala ukucubungula impahla emnyama ethambile (陕引, shǎn yǐn – “isabelo sase-Shǎnxi”) ibe itiye elicindezelwe kancane elisezitsheni zoqalo. Ekuqaleni kwabonwa izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa: Yá Jiān (芽尖, amahlumela), Bái Máo Jiān (白毛尖, “isihloko esimhlophe esinoboya”), Tiān Jiān (天尖), Gòng Jiān (贡尖), Xiāng Jiān (乡尖), Shēng Jiān (生尖), Kǔn Jiān (捆尖). Ngemva kokukhethwa yimakethe kwemvelo, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zasala: Tiān Jiān, Gòng Jiān kanye ne-Shēng Jiān, ezahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Sān Jiān Chá” (三尖茶).
Inkathi yombuso. Ngo-1825 (Qīng, u-Dàoguāng unyaka wesi-5) i-Tiān Jiān ne-Gòng Jiān zafakwa ohlwini lweminikelo yombusi (贡品, gòngpǐn). Ngokomlando odlulisiwe, i-Tiān Jiān yathola igama layo uqobo kumbusi u-Dàoguāng, owaphawula kanjalo isipho esalethwa yilowo owayengumbusi-jikelele wase-Liǎngjiāng u-Táo Shù (陶澍, Táo Shù). Kwaqhamuka uhlelo lokuphakanyiswa kwamanqamu aqinile: I-Tiān Jiān (天尖 – “Isihloko Sasezulwini”) yayiqokelwe umbusi futhi ingeniswa e-Yùcháfáng (御茶房 – Igumbi Letiye Lombusi); i-Gòng Jiān (贡尖 – “Isihloko Esilethwayo”) – yezikhulu eziphakeme kakhulu nezinduna zezizwe zasemngceleni; i-Shēng Jiān (生尖 – “Isihloko Esilula”) – yezikhulu ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. U-Táo Shù wadumisa itiye lase-Ānhuà ngezinkondlo: “才交谷雨见旗枪，安排火坑打包厢。芙蓉山顶多女伴，采得仙茶带露香” (Cái jiāo Gǔyǔ jiàn qíqiāng…) – “Ngokushesha nje uma kufika u-Gǔyǔ ubona ‘amafulegi nemikhonto’ [amahlumela]; bebeka itiye emabhokisini ngamahhavini. Esicongweni se-Fúróng Shān kugcwele amantombazane – akha itiye elimangalisayo, elisenukayo ngenkungu yamazolo.”
U-Zuǒ Zōngtáng nenqubomgomo yetiye. U-Zuǒ Zōngtáng (左宗棠, Zuǒ Zōngtáng, 1812–1885), umkhuzi wempi wakamuva we-Qīng nombusi-jikelele wase-Shǎnxī-Gānsù, wahlala iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili (1840–1848) e-Ānhuà, wakwazi kahle isiko letiye lendawo. Ngo-1873 wenza izinguquko ekuhwebeni ngetiye: esikhundleni se-“yǐn” (引, amalayisense) kwafakwa i-“piào” (票, amathikithi) nokuvulwa “kwekamelo eliseningizimu” (南柜, nán guì), okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwe-Ānhuà Hēi Chá e-Russia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Lezi zinguquko zabeka isisekelo sohlelo olunqamule imingcele lokuhlinzeka ngetiye, olwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lama-20.
Umlando wakamuva. Ngo-1939 umdabu wase-Ānhuà u-Péng Xiānzé (彭先泽, Péng Xiānzé, 1902–1951), isazi sezolimo esasifunde phesheya, waqashisa indawo yokusebenza i-“Jiāngnán Lǎo Cháháng” futhi wasungula i-Húnán Brick Tea Factory – umanduleli wefektri yanamuhla i-Báishāxī (白沙溪茶厂, Báishāxī Cháchǎng). I-Báishāxī uqobo kuyo yonke le minyaka eyalandela yahlala ingumgcini oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe be-“Sān Jiān”. Ngo-1967, ngenkathi ye-Cultural Revolution, amagama athi “sezulwini”, “alethiweyo” kanye “nasezingeni” abonwa njengezinsalela zobukhosi futhi esikhundleni sawo kwafakwa izinombolo (Xiāng Jiān No. 1, 2, 3). Ngo-1983 amagama angokomlando abuyiselwa. Ngo-2009 i-Anhua County Tea Industry Association, ngokusekelwe kumadokhumenti e-Báishāxī, yathuthukisa izinga lemboni le-Xiāng Jiān Chá, elasungulwa ngo-2010. Ngo-2016 leli zinga lakhuphulelwa ezingeni likazwelonke (i-Báishāxī edlala indima ehamba phambili njengomthuthukisi oyinhloko). Ngokuhambisana nalokho, kwalandelwa ukuvunywa kobuchwepheshe njengamagugu esiko angaphatheki: ngo-2014 – ezingeni lesifunda, ngo-2016 – ezingeni ledolobha, kwathi ngo-2019 inqubo yokukhiqiza i-Ānhuà Tiān Jiān Chá yafakwa eRejistri yemiklamo yamagugu esiko angaphatheki esifundazweni sase-Húnán (湖南省第四批省级非遗代表性项目名录).
Igama:
- Ānhuà (安化): Igama lesifunda, ngokwezwi nezwi – “inguquko enokuthula”. Igama lakudala – Méishān (梅山). Kunesisho esithi: “Kwaqala kwaba netiye, kwase kusungulwa isifunda” (先有茶，后建县).
- Tiān Jiān (天尖): “Isihloko Sasezulwini” – ngokwezwi nezwi “isinga eliphezulu kakhulu”. Uphawu 天 (tiān, “izulu”) lubonisa ikhwalithi ephakeme kakhulu – izinga lombusi. U-Jiān (尖) – “isihloko, umphetho, ingqophamthamo” – ubhekise esimweni samahlumela athambile namacembe amancane asetshenziswa njengempahla engavuthiwe.
- Hēi Chá (黑茶): “Itiye Elimnyama” – okungenye yemikhakha eyisithupha eyisisekelo yetiye laseShayina, ehlanganisa amatiye avutshiwe ngemva kokuvunwa.
Ukubaluleka ngokwesiko. I-Tiān Jiān inendawo ekhethekile esikweni lase-Ānhuà: itiye elihlanganisa ubukhosi bomnikelo wombusi kanye nokupakishwa koqalo oluhlala abantu – indlela endala kakhulu ekhona yokugcina itiye eShayina. Ngokomlando, i-Tiān Jiān yayiyinto yokuhwebelana ngezokuxhumana nokuhweba “Emzileni Omkhulu Wetiye” (万里茶路, Wànlǐ Chálù), owasuka e-Ānhuà udabule i-Hànkǒu uze ufike emngceleni we-Russia e-Kyàkhtà. Namuhla i-“Sān Jiān Chá” iseyi uphawu lwesiko letiye lase-Ānhuà – amazinga amathathu wobuciko obufanayo, aqhakambisa umgomo wokuthi “impahla engavuthiwe iyisisekelo, ubuciko bungukhiye, ukuvuthwa kungukuphakanyiswa” (原料是基础，技术是关键，陈化是升华, yuánliào shì jīchǔ, jìshù shì guānjiàn, chénhuà shì shēnghuá).

3. Ukuchazwa Kwesayensi Yezitshalo Nempahla Engavuthiwa:

Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Impahla engavuthiwe eyinhloko amacembe ezinhlobo zeqembu lase-Ānhuà (安化群体品种, Ānhuà qúntǐ pǐnzhǒng), ngaphezu kwakho konke i-Yúntáishān Dàyè Zhǒng (云台山大叶种, Yúntáishān Dàyè Zhǒng) – okuwumphakathi onamaqabunga amakhulu, owavunywa ngo-1965 njengenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezingama-21 zikazwelonke ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezihlahla zetiye (inombolo GS13024-1985). Zavela kuyona izinhlobo ezintathu ezithuthukisiwe zikazwelonke: Zhūyè Qí (槠叶齐, Zhūyè Qí), Báimáo Zǎo (白毫早, Báimáo Zǎo), Xiāngbō Lǜ (湘波绿, Xiāngbō Lǜ). I-Yúntáishān Dàyè Zhǒng isihlahla esinamaqabunga amakhulu (i-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, uhlobo lomphakathi), oluphawuleka ngamacembe amakhulu, anenyama (isisho sabantu: “Isiqu singasekela isikebhe, iqabunga lingasonga usawoti” — 梗子撑得船，叶子包得盐) kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto ezikhishwayo. Nge-Tiān Jiān kusetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo i-Zhūyè Qí kanye nabanye abameleli abancane nabaphakathi nendawo beqembu lase-Ānhuà, okuletha impahla engavuthiwe ethambile futhi ecijile kakhudlwana.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngesikhathi kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli (cishe ngesikhathi sonyaka se-Gǔyǔ — 谷雨, Gǔyǔ, “Izimvula Zokusanhlamvu”) kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Nge-Tiān Jiān kusetshenziswa impahla engavuthiwe yokuqala nethambile yasentwasahlobo, evunwe ngemuva kwe-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng) nangesikhathi se-Gǔyǔ. Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo uqobo kuqinisekisa ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-amino acid kanye nephunga elicijile.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa namacembe amabili noma amathathu (一芽二三叶, yī yá èr sān yè) – izinga lesigaba sokuqala (一级, yī jí). Nge-Tiān Jiān kusetshenziswa ikakhulu i-máochá emnyama yezinga lokuqala (一级黑毛茶, yī jí hēi máochá) nengxubevana encane ye-máochá yesigaba sesibili enekhwalithi ephezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa: i-Gōng Jiān yenziwa nge-máochá yesigaba sesibili (二级), kanti i-Shēng Jiān – ngeyesigaba sesithathu nesine, ecijile futhi eneziqu eziningi.
Izidingo zempahla engavuthiwe: Amacembe kumelwe abe wonke, angenakulimala, nokuthantengayo okuhle (嫩度, nèndù). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwetiye elisuka ncamashi e-Ānhuà: “Awukwazi ukusho ukuthi awenziwa ngempahla engavuthiwe elethwayo, kodwa ngemva kokuvutshelwa ikhwalithi nokunambitheka kwehla ngokusobala” – lesi sisho sibonisa ithonya eliyingqayizivele lendawo ezinqubeni zokuvutshelwa kwe-microbiology.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

Ukwakheka komhlaba nendawo. Isifunda sase-Ānhuà sime emiqolweni esenyakatho yomqolo we-Xuěfēng Shān (雪峰山脉, Xuěfēng Shānmài), phakathi nomfula i-Zī Shuǐ. Indawo ichazwa ngefomula ethi “izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili – izintaba, ingxenye eyisigamu – amanzi, ingxenye eyisigamu – amasimu, ingxenye eyodwa – indawo eyomile nezindlu” (八山半水半分田，一分旱土和庄园). Ukwakheka kwezintaba okunezigodi zomfula ezijulile kanye nemifudlana eminingi kwakha izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Izihlahla zetiye zazikhula lapha ngokwemvelo – “Emaqenjini asezintabeni nasosebeni lwamanzi – azihlwanyelwanga, kodwa zikhula ngokwazo” (山崖水畔，不种自生, shān yá shuǐ pàn, bù zhòng zì shēng).
Ukuphakama kwezitshalo. Kusukela ku-150 kuye ku-1400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Impahla engavuthiwe engcono kakhulu ye-Tiān Jiān ivunwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-400–800, ezindaweni “zemigqa emibili” (i-Yúntái Shān, i-Fúróng Shān) kanye “nemifudlana emibili” (i-Gāomǎ Èr Xī). Izingadi zetiye eziphakeme eziphakeme ze-Fúróng Shān (kufika ku-1400 m) ziletha itiye elinamakha aqhakazile e-aphula kanye ne-huígān enamandla.
Inhlabathi. Ihlabathi eliphundu ngokubomvu kanye neliphuzi (红黄壤, hóng huáng rǎng), elakhiwe phezu kwamatshe angaphansi avela kuma-shale nama-siltstone (板页岩风化物). I-pH – 4.3–6.0, okuqukethwe yizinto eziphilayo – ngaphezu kuka-2%. Isici esiyingqayizivele sase-Ānhuà – ukuba khona kwama-glacial tillites (冰碛岩, bīngqì yán), akhiwa eminyakeni engu-600–700 wezigidi edlule ngesikhathi “seqhwa lomhlaba” lomhlaba wonke. I-Ānhuà igxilisa cishe u-85% wamathamo omhlaba wonke wama-glacial tillites; lawa matshe anothisa inhlabathi ngezakhi-mzimba ezincane, ikakhulukazi i-selenium. Okuqukethwe yi-selenium etiyeni lase-Ānhuà ngokwesilinganiso kungu-0.22 ppm – okuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso saseShayina futhi okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-7 kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke, okuvumela ukuthi i-Ānhuà Hēi Chá ibizwe ngokuthi “itiye eligcwele i-selenium” (富硒茶, fù xī chá).
Isimo sezulu. I-subtropical monsoon, enezinkathi ezine ezibalulekile. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi onyaka ngu-16–17 °C, isamba semvula minyaka yonke singu-1600–1800 mm, umswakama ophezulu (kunenkungu njalo). Isikhathi esifushane samakhaza aqatha kanye nesikhathi eside sokukhula (esifika ezinyangeni eziyisi-7) kuyindlela ekahle kakhulu yokuqongelela kancane ama-polyphenols nama-amino acid.
Imithombo yamanzi. Umfula i-Zī Shuǐ nemifudlana yawo yakha inethiwekhi eminyene yamanzi; amanzi ahlanzekile asezintabeni achelela izingadi zetiye ezisemathafeni, kanti umswakama ophezulu wezigodi zomfula unomthelela ekukhuleni okulinganayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Tiān Jiān kuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili ezilandelanayo: ukwenziwa kwe-máochá emnyama (黑毛茶, hēi máochá – “ukucubungula kokuqala”, 初制, chūzhì) kanye nokucubungula kokuqeda (精制, jīngzhì). Isici esiyinhloko – ukusetshenziswa “kweSitofu Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa” (七星灶, Qī Xīng Zào) ukuze kome emlilweni ovulekile wephayini kanye nokupakishwa okungokwesiko koqalo nokucindezela ngesandla.

Isigaba I. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-máochá emnyama (初制):

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi). Amacembe esigaba sokuqala (一芽二三叶) aqoqwa ngesandla ngesikhathi se-Gǔyǔ.
Shāqīng – “ukubulala kokuhlaza” (杀青, shā qīng). Ukugazingwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu e-wok noma emshinini oyidramu. Njengoba impahla engavuthiwe ye-hēi chá inkulu kunaleyo yetiye eliluhlaza, ngaphambi kokugazingwa amacembe ngezinye izikhathi afafazwa ngamanzi. Inhloso – ukungenzi lutho ama-enzyme ngenkathi kugcinwa umswakamo osele ukuze kuvutshelwe kamuva.
Ukusonteka kokuqala (初揉, chū róu). Amacembe asashisayo ngemuva kwe-shāqīng asontekwa ngesandla noma nge-roller, kwakha imigqa emide (条形, tiáo xíng) futhi kukhishwe ijusi yeseli ebusweni. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukwehlukaniswa kwenyama yeqabunga emithanjeni, noma kungenjalo kwakheka iphutha elithi “isiponji” (丝瓜瓤).
Wòduī – inqwaba emanzi (渥堆, wò duī). Amacembe asontekile ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwezigaxa abekwa enqwabeni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-66–100, ambozwe ngendwangu emanzi. Izimo: izinga lokushisa lendlu ~25 °C, umswakamo ≥ 85%, umswakamo wempahla engavuthiwe yetiye ~65%. Isikhathi – amahora angu-18–24. Ukuvutshelwa kubhekwa njengokwanele lapho amacembe eba nombala onsundu ngokuphuzi, kunyamalale iphunga “eliluhlaza”, kuvele iphunga elimnandi lohlobo lokubilisa (甜酒糟香, tián jiǔzāo xiāng), futhi lapho libhekiswe ekukhanyeni iqabunga libonakala lisobala ngombala ogqamile wokhuni loqalo.
Ukusonteka okuphindiwe (复揉, fù róu). Ngemuva kwe-wòduī amacembe athambisa kancane futhi asontekwa ngezikhathi eziphindwe kabili ukuze aqinise isimo futhi kufinyelelwe izinga lokubhujiswa kwamaseli ≥ 30%.
Ukukoma eSitofini Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa (七星灶松柴明火干燥, Qī Xīng Zào sōng chái míng huǒ gānzào). Lesi isigaba esiyingqayizivele nesibaluleke kakhulu, esichaza isimo se-Ānhuà Hēi Chá. “Isitofu Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa” siyisakhiwo sezitini esinobuso obutshekile kanye nezimbobo eziyisikhombisa (noma ngaphezulu) zokubasa, esiqanjwe ngeNkanyezi Enkulu (北斗七星). Ezimbobeni zokubasa kuvutha izinkuni zikaphayini (松柴, sōng chái) ngelangabi elivulekile; ukushisa kukhuphuka ngobuso obutshekile futhi kufudumeze ngokulinganayo isiteji esiyisihluzo esenziwe ngezingqwembe zikaloqalo (焙摺, bèi zhé), lapho itiye elimanzi libekwe khona ngezingqimba. Izinga lokushisa ebusweni besiteji lingu-120–160 °C – kuleli banga lapho i-caffeine iqala ukuhwamuka futhi i-sublime (ipuzu le-sublimation ~160–170 °C), okwehlisa kakhulu okuqukethwe yiyo etiyeni eseliphelele futhi kuchaze umthelela othambile we-Ānhuà Hēi Chá emzimbeni. Itiye libekwa ngezingqimba eziyisikhombisa ezilandelanayo; uma ungqimba ongaphezulu ufinyelela cishe ku-80% wokoma, inqwaba iyaphendulwa futhi yomiswe ngokugcwele. Ngokuhambisana, kwenzeka “ukuhlanganiswa kwamakha amathathu” (三香合一, sān xiāng hé yī): umusi kaphayini, ukusha koqalo kanye nephunga letiye uqobo – kanjalo kwakheka “inothi elidumile lomsi kaphayini” (松烟香, sōng yān xiāng). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokoma kancane, i-theaflavins (茶黄素) iguqukela kumbala onsundu wetiye (茶褐素), iqinise umbala omnyama onamafutha otiye olomile.

Isigaba II. Ukucubungula kokuqeda (精制):

Ukuhluzwa nokuhlukaniswa (筛分拣剔, shāi fēn jiǎn tī). I-máochá iyahluzwa ngezihlungo, imishini yokuphephetha yehlukanisa izingxenyana ezilula, kukhishwe ngesandla amacembe angavumelekile nezinto ezingafanele. Nge-Tiān Jiān kukhethwa i-máochá yezinga lokuqala enengxenye encane yesibili.
Ukushisa ngesitimu okuphezulu (高温气蒸, gāowēn qì zhēng). I-máochá ekhethiwe icutshungulwa ngesitimu esinomfutho ophakeme. Inhloso – ukuthambisa amacembe, ukuqothula ama-microorganisms ayingozi, ukulungiselela ukucindezela.
Ukufakwa kubhasikidi nokucindezela (装篓紧压, zhuāng lǒu jǐn yā). Itiye elithambile lifakwa kubhasikidi woqalo (篾篓, miè lǒu), obekwe “ohlakeni oluyibhokisi” (箱形架, xiāng xíng jià). Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezingu-3–5 ngokucindezelwa kwemishini phakathi: uhlaka lubekwa ngaphansi komshini wokucindezela, lucindezelwe, lukhishwe, kufakwe enye ingxenye yetiye, kuphinde kucindezelwe.
Ukubopha nokumaka (捆包刷字, kǔn bāo shuā zì). Ubhasikidi ocindezelwe ukhishwa ohlakeni, ukalwe, uboshwe ngemicibisholo ewela enqamulayo yoqalo, kubhalwe ukumakwa (usuku lokukhiqiza, uhlobo, umenzi).
Ukubeka-ukubulisa (晾置, liàng zhì). Obhasikidi abapakishiwe babekwa endaweni enomoya omuhle ukuze kome kancane nokuqala ukuvutshelwa kwemvelo ngemva kokuvunwa.

Ukupakishwa kwendabuko. Ukupakishwa kwe-Tiān Jiān kunezingqimba ezintathu: ungqimba lwangaphakathi ngamacembe e-zòng yè (粽叶, zòng yè – amacembe woqalo), oluphakathi ngamacembe e-zōng yè (棕叶, zōng yè – amacembe esundu), olungaphandle – ibhasikidi elilukiwe loqalo (篾篓). Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa umoya onele, odingekayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuvutshelwa ngemva kokuvunwa, futhi ngasikhathi sinye uvikele emaphungeni angaqondakali. Ifomethi yomlando – 50–100 wama-jīn (25–50 kg) kubhasikidi ngalinye; amafomethi anamuhla – 5, 2, 1 kg kanye no-500 g. Ibhasikidi loqalo le-Sān Jiān lithathwa njengelinye lamafomu amadala asekhona okupakisha itiye emhlabeni.

6. Izici Zokubukwa Kwezitho:

Ukubukeka kwetiye elomile (外形, wàixíng). Imigqa eqinile, esontekile ngokuqina (条索紧结, tiáo suǒ jǐn jié), icishe iqonde, nokuthantengayo okuhle. Umbala – omnyama, okhazimulayo ngamafutha (乌黑油润, wū hēi yóu rùn), onamathiphu agqamile agolide ezinhlobeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Iphunga letiye elomile. Elihlanzekile, elijulile, elinenothi eliqhamile lomsi kaphayini (松烟香, sōng yān xiāng). Etiyeni elisha (iminyaka engu-1–3) umusi ugqame kakhulu; ngokuguga uyathambeka, unikeze izindawo ezinamakha ezithi ukhuni, uju, kanye nezithelo ezomisiwe.
Iphunga lomucwana (香气, xiāngqì). Elihlanzekile nelivumelanayo (醇和, chún hé), elinomusi kaphayini ogqamile. Ngokuguga liceba ngamanothi oju, amantongomane, izithelo ezinsundu, izinongo.
Umbala womucwana (汤色, tāng sè). Owolintshi ophuzi (橙黄, chéng huáng), ocacile futhi obonakalayo. Ngokuya kokuguga uye ujule ube owolintshi obomvu (橙红带艳, chéng hóng dài yàn), ugcine ukuhlanzeka. Engilazini ebonakalayo ukhumbuza iwayini elibomvu eligugile.
Ukunambitheka (滋味, zīwèi). Okugcwele futhi okujulile (醇厚, chún hòu), obumuncu obuphawulekayo (甘润, gān rùn) kanye nokushelela okuhle (爽滑, shuǎng huá). I-huígān (回甘, huí gān – ubumnandi obubuyayo) izwakala ngokusobala, ikhula isuka emphinjeni. Imifutho yokuqala ibonisa inothi lomsi nokhuni; kusukela emfuthweni wesi-3 noma wesi-4 kuvela amanothi oju, amantongomane, nezithelo. Itiye liphawuleka ngokuqina okuphezulu: imifutho egcwele engu-10–15.
Iqabunga le-Huā dǐ (叶底, yè dǐ). Insundu ngokuphuzi (黄褐, huáng hè), ithantengayo uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ilinganiselwe (尚嫩匀, shàng nèn yún). Amacembe ayavuleka, abonise ubuqotho nokunweba – okungumkhombandlela wekhwalithi yempahla engavuthiwe kanye nokucophelela ekucubunguleni.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Tiān Jiān, njengawo wonke ama-Ānhuà Hēi Chá, idlula ekuvutshelweni okuphindwe kabili: i-wòduī yokuqala ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa i-máochá kanye nokuvutshelwa kwemvelo okude ngesikhathi igciniwe. Lokhu kushintsha kakhulu iphrofayili yayo yamakhemikhali.

I-Polyphenols yetiye (茶多酚). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi se-wòduī nokuvutshelwa ngemva kokuvunwa, ama-catechins ayawolintsha futhi a-polymerize, kwakhe i-theaflavins (茶黄素), i-thearubigins (茶红素) kanye ne-theabrownins (茶褐素). Okuqukethwe okuphelele kwama-polyphenols ku-Tiān Jiān okuqediwe kuncishisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa netiye eliluhlaza, okuchaza ubumnandi bokunambitheka kanye nokungabibikho kobumuncu obuqhamile.
I-Polysaccharides yetiye (茶多糖). I-Hēi chá, ikakhulukazi kusuka empahleni engavuthiwe evuthiwe, iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-polysaccharides ancibilikayo emanzini, okulingana nemiphumela yocwaningo lomtholampilo, ahlotshaniswa nokulawulwa kokuphathwa kwama-carbohydrate kanye nokwehliswa kwezinga le-glucose egazini.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱). Ukoma ngokwendabuko eSitofini Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa ngezinga lokushisa elingu-120–160 °C kuholela eku-sublimation okungaphelele kwe-caffeine (isikhwebu esimhlophe esophahleni lwezindawo zokomisa – okuyikristela ncamashi ye-caffeine e-sublimed). Ngenxa yalokho, okuqukethwe yi-caffeine ku-Tiān Jiān kuncane kakhulu kunakotiyi oluhlaza noma olubomvu, futhi isiphuzo asinamthelela ongako ekulaleni.
Ama-Amino acid. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwempahla engavuthiwe ethambile yasentwasahlobo yesigaba sokuqala, i-Tiān Jiān iqukethe isabelo esikhuphukile (se-hēi chá) sama-amino acid, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine, okudala “ukusha okunoshukela” okuphawulekayo (甘润).
Izimbiwa. I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-zinc, i-iron. Okuphawuleke kakhulu ukuthi kukhona okuphezulu kwe-selenium (Se) – kufika ku-3.8–6.4 mg/kg, okuhlobene nama-glacial tillites amatshe akha inhlabathi.
Amafutha abalulekile kanye nenqwaba yephunga elimnandi. Umusi kaphayini uletha ama-terpenes kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic (i-guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol), ezakha “inothi lomsi”. Inqubo yokuvutshelwa ngemva kokuvunwa ikhiqiza ama-methoxyphenols, ama-lactone kanye nezinhlanganisela ezithathwe ku-furan, ezinesibopho samanothi aphathelene nokhuni, amantongomane, noju lwephunga elimnandi.
Amavithamini. Iqembu B, C, E, K. Okuqukethwe yi-vitamin C kuphansi kunasetiyeni eliluhlaza, kodwa izinhlobo eziqinile zama-antioxidants (i-theabrownins) ziyakukhokhela lokhu.

8. Izinzuzo Ngokwempilo:

I-Ānhuà Hēi Chá, kanti i-Tiān Jiān ngokukhethekile, ngokwendabuko yayiziswa ngabantu baseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeShayina njengomthombo obalulekile wamavithamini nemicronutrients ekudleni okususelwa enyameni nasobisini. Ucwaningo lwesimanje (kuhlanganise nolwenziwa endaweni yocwaningo lukasolwazi u-Liú Zhònghuá — 刘仲华, Liú Zhònghuá, Inyuvesi Yezolimo yase-Húnán) luqinisekisa uchungechunge lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo:

Ukulawulwa kokuguquguquka kwama-lipid. Ama-polyphenols nama-polysaccharides e-hēi chá asiza ekwehlukaniseni amafutha nasekwehliseni izinga le-cholesterol. Ifomula yendabuko: “isiza ukugaya okunamafutha, isuse ukuqumbeka” (消食去腻, xiāo shí qù nì). Abahlali basenyakatho-ntshonalanga babebiza i-hēi chá ngokuthi “itiye lempilo” ngenxa yekhono lokukhokhela imiphumela yokudla kwenyama okunzima.
Ukusekela ukugaya. I-microbiota eyakhiwe ngesikhathi se-wòduī nokuvutshelwa okulandelayo ngemva kokuvunwa ihlanganisa amagciwane e-lactic acid kanye nemvubelo, ekhiqiza ama-enzyme, amnandi emsebenzini wezokugaya ukudla.
Ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant. I-Theabrownins kanye namanye ama-polyphenols awolintshiwe abonisa umsebenzi oqinile we-antioxidant.
Umthelela ekuguquguqukeni kwama-carbohydrate. Ama-polysaccharides etiye, ngokocwaningo oluningi, angasiza ekulawuleni izinga le-glucose egazini.
Umsebenzi owehlisa umfutho wegazi. Kubhalwe ukwehla ngokulingene komfutho wegazi ngokuphuzwa njalo.
Umthelela othambile ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Okuqukethwe yi-caffeine okuncishisiwe kwenza i-Tiān Jiān ifanelekele ukuphuza itiye kusihlwa. I-L-theanine ihlinzeka ngokugxilisa ingqondo okuzolile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Qaphela: imininingwane ngezinzuzo ezitholakalayo ingeyolwazi futhi ayithathi indawo yokubonana nodokotela.

9. Izindlela Zokwenza Itiye:

I-Tiān Jiān inhle zombili uma yenziwa ngemifudlana (功夫泡法, gōngfū pào fǎ), nangokubilisa (煮茶, zhǔ chá), futhi ifaneleke ngokuphelele ukwenza itiye lobisi (奶茶, nǎi chá).

Amanzi: Athambile, ahlanzekile; izinga lokushisa 100 °C (amanzi abilayo agqitshwayo).
Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-5–7 emanzini ayi-150–200 ml (indlela yemifudlana). Ngokubilisa noma ukwenza eketeleni elikhulu – amagremu angu-3–5 emanzini angu-500 ml.
Izitsha: Iketela lobumba le-Yīxīng (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) – ukukhetha okuhle: ubumba lusekela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi “lumunca” inothi lomsi, lenze umucwana ube muhle. Kufanelekile futhi i-gàiwǎn, iketela lobumbi lwe-porcelain noma elengilazi. Ngokubilisa – imbiza yengilazi noma ye-ceramic.
Inqubo yokwenza (ngemifudlana):
1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela itiye, lihlanze ngomfudlana owodwa osheshayo (imizuzwana engu-3–5) – ukuchitha. Lesi sigaba siyimpoqo: sisusa izingcucu futhi “siyavusa” amacembe.
3. Umfudlana wokuqala osebenzayo: imizuzwana engu-10–15. Imifudlana emi-2–3 yokuqala ingaba nomumo womsi oqinile; uma uncamela ukunambitheka okuthambile, nciphisa ixesha lokuvezwa.
4. Imifudlana elandelayo: khulisa kancane kancane ixesha ngemizuzwana engu-5–15. I-Tiān Jiān imelana nemifudlana egcwele engu-10–15.
5. Emfuthweni wesi-5–7 kwembula iphrofayili yoju nezithelo, umusi uba ngemuva.
Ukubilisa (煮茶). Beka amagremu angu-5–7 etiye emanzini ayi-800–1000 ml, alethe ekuvuthweni, yehlisa umlilo bese uyapheka imizuzu engu-3–5. I-Tiān Jiān ephekiwe ithola ukuthungwa okunamafutha okuyingqayizivele, ukunambitheka okujulile kanye nokufudumala okugubuzelayo. Ikahle kakhulu ngesikhathi esibandayo sonyaka.
Ngobisi. Yenza umucwana oqinile (amagremu ayi-10 emanzini angu-300, upheke imizuzu emi-5), engeze ubisi olushisayo ngesilinganiso esingu-1 : 1. Indlela yendabuko yokusetshenziswa kubantu basenyakatho-ntshonalanga.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Tiān Jiān itiye elithuthuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngokugcinwa okufanele, ukunambitheka kwayo kuvela kusuka “ekubeni nomusi” oqhamile wetiye elincane kuya emananini ajulile oju namantongomane nezigaba zika-camphor wetiye elivuthiwe. Isikhathi esincane esinconyiwe sokugugisa – iminyaka emi-3; ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5–7 itiye lifinyelela “ekuvuthweni kokuqala”.

Izinga lokushisa: 20–30 °C; gwema ukwehla nokukhuphuka okungazelelwe.
Umswakamo: 40–60%; olinganiselayo – ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusebenza kwezinto ezincane ngaphandle kwengozi yokuba bukhunta.
Ukungenisa umoya: Igumbi kumelwe liveze umoya ohlanzekile. Kuyavinjelwa ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa izikhwama ze-polyethylene, i-foil, i-parchment – noma yikuphi ukupakishwa okuvalekile. Ibhasikidi loqalo langempela liyisitsha esingcono kakhulu, okuqinisekisa “ukuphefumula” kwetiye.
Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni: Imisebe yelanga eqondile iveza ukuphenduka okungafuneki kwezithombe zamakhemikhali.
Ukuhlukaniswa namakha: Itiye limunca amakha ngamandla. Linde likude nezinongo, ikhofi, izithako zokuziqholisa, amakhemikhali asendlini, kude nekhishi namagumbi asanda kulungiswa.
Ukuvinjelwa kwesiqandisi. I-Tiān Jiān ayikwazi ukugcinwa esiqandisini – izinga lokushisa eliphansi licindezela izinto eziphilayo eziwusizo futhi limise izinqubo zokuvuthwa.
Izitsha (lapho kuvulwa ukupakishwa kwangempela). Iziqukathi ze-ceramic noma zobumba ezinesembozo esingaqinisi, izikhwama zezindwangu noma zamaphepha ezakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo.

11. Intengo Nezinto Mbumbulu:

Ububanzi bentengo. I-Tiān Jiān ithatha indawo ephakathi: ibiza kakhulu “kunezitini” ezinkulu (hēi zhuān, fú zhuān), kodwa ifinyeleleka kakhulu kunezibonelo ezikhethekile ezigugile. I-Tiān Jiān encane (iminyaka engu-1–3) evela kumabhizinisi ahlonishwayo (Báishāxī, Zhōngchá Ānhuà) – kusuka ku-500 kuye ku-2000 yuan ngekhilogremu. Egugile (iminyaka eyi-10+) – ibiza kakhudlwana, amanani emikhakha emidala angadlula ama-yuan angu-5000–10000 ngekhilogremu. Amafomethi amancane (500 g, 1 kg) athandwa kakhulu ekuthengisweni okuncane.
Izimpawu zekhwalithi: ukuba khona kwesibonakaliso se-“Geographical Indication of Anhua Dark Tea” (安化黑茶地理标志), isitifiketi ngokwezinga le-GB/T 22291, ukuchazwa kohlobo lwe-máochá (一级), usuku nendawo yokukhiqiza.
Izimbumbulu ezijwayelekile kanye nezinto zomgunyathi:
- Ukushintshwa kwempahla engavuthiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-máochá engabizi kakhulu elethwe kwenye indawo (hhayi yase-Ānhuà). Itiye elinjalo liyavutshelwa kabi ngenxa yokungabibikho kwezinto eziphilayo zendawo; ukunambitheka kuyahlwempuka, kube nokuncane ngokubumbeka.
- Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinga. Ukuthengiswa kwe-Gōng Jiān noma i-Shēng Jiān ngaphansi kwegama le-Tiān Jiān. Umehluko usezingeni eliphansi kwamacembe, ukuba khona kweziqu, ukungabibikho okungaguquki kokuthantengayo kweqabunga le-huyè dǐ.
- “Ukuguga” okokwenziwa. Ukugugiswa okusheshisayo ezimeni ezinomswakamo bese kuthiwa itiye eliguge ngokwemvelo. Izimpawu – iphunga elimuncu, umucwana ongacacile, iqabunga le-huyè dǐ “elihlakazekayo”.
- Ukungabibikho komusi. Esikhundleni seSitofu Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa kwendabuko, kusetshenziswa ukoma ngogesi. Itiye elinjalo alinalo iphunga lomsi kaphayini futhi liguquka kabi lapho ligugiswa.
Izincomo: thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe, hlola ubukhona besibonakaliso sendawo kanye nokumakwa, hlaziya iqabunga le-huyè dǐ (kumelwe lithambe, liphelele, ngaphandle kweziqu eziningi).

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ukupakishwa okudala kakhulu emhlabeni. Ibhasikidi loqalo le-“Sān Jiān” lithathwa njengelinye lamafomu asetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo okuphakathi kwesitolo setiye. Landulela ngisho nokusongwa ngephepha.
Uhlelo lwezinga lobukhosi enkomishini. Uhlelo “Tiān – Gōng – Shēng” (Izulu – Umnikelo – Okulula) – isibonelo esingandile, lapho ukuhlukaniswa ngokwenhlalo kwakuqiniswa ngokoqobo ngohlobo lwetiye eliphuzwayo.
U-Péng Xiānzé – “ubaba wetiye elimnyama”. Lo mdabu wase-Ānhuà akagcinanga nje ngokusungula ifektri yokuqala yezimboni, kodwa wabhala nomsebenzi oyisisekelo othi “Ānhuà Hēi Chá” (《安化黑茶》), owaba umthombo obalulekile womlando nobuchwepheshe betiye elimnyama.
Iphunga eliphindwe kathathu leSitofu Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa. Izingcweti zase-Ānhuà zithi i-hēi chá engcono kakhulu izalwa “ngokuhlanganiswa kwamakha amathathu”: umusi kaphayini, ukusha kwezingqwembe zoqalo kanye nomoya oqobo weqabunga letiye.
Itiye elingenakuqwasha. Ngenxa yokwehla kwengxenye ye-caffeine eSitofini Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa, i-Tiān Jiān ngokwendabuko ibhekwa njengetiye elingaphuzwa ngaphambi kokulala – isici esiyingqayizivele phakathi kwamatiye aseShayina.
Iqhwa le-caffeine. Ezindaweni zakudala zokomisa, ezingodweni zophahla phezu kweSitofu Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa kutholakala isikhwebu esimhlophe esiyikristela – yicaffeine e-sublimed, ehlalise ngokuphola. Lesi senzeko siqinisekiswe yilabhorethri: ngezinga lokushisa elingu-120 °C i-caffeine iqala ukuhwamuka, ngo-160–170 °C – i-sublime ngamandla.
“Izintaba Namanzi ase-Ānhuà”. Isifunda sigxilisa izinsalela eziyinqaba zokwakheka komhlaba – u-85% wamathamo omhlaba wonke wama-glacial tillites aneminyaka engu-600–700 wezigidi. Lawa matshe awanothisi nje kuphela inhlabathi nge-selenium nangezakhi-mzimba ezincane, kodwa futhi akha izindawo ezinhle eziheha izivakashi zetiye.
I-UNESCO ne-Ānhuà Hēi Chá. NgoLwezi 2022 ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokwenza i-Qiānliǎng Chá ne-Fú Zhuān Chá (izinhlobo ezihlobene ne-Tiān Jiān ze-Ānhuà Hēi Chá) zafakwa ohlwini lwabameleli lwamagugu esiko angaphatheki esintu se-UNESCO.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Nezinye Izinhlobo:

Isici	I-Tiān Jiān (天尖)	I-Gōng Jiān (贡尖)	I-Shēng Jiān (生尖)	I-Fú Zhuān (茯砖)	I-Qiānliǎng Chá (千两茶)
Uhlobo lwe-máochá	Isigaba soku-1 (impahla engavuthiwe ethambile)	Isigaba sesi-2	Isigaba sesi-3–4 (okucujile)	Isigaba sesi-2–3	Isigaba sesi-2–3
Isimo	Okungaxutshiwe kubhasikidi loqalo	Okungaxutshiwe kubhasikidi	Okungaxutshiwe kubhasikidi	Isitini esicindezelwe	Umqulu oyisilinda
Inothi eliyinhloko	Umsi kaphayini + ubumnandi	Umsi + ukubaba okuncane	Umsi + ukubaba okuqhamile	Iphunga lekhunta (金花)	Umsi + “umhlabathi”
“Izimbali zegolide”	Akuvamile	Cha	Cha	Ngokuvamile (冠突散囊菌)	Kungenzeka
Umbala womucwana	Owolintshi ophuzi	Owolintshi ophuzi, umnyama kancane	Ophuzi omnyama	Owolintshi ophuzi/obomvu	Owolintshi obomvu

Ukuqhathaniswa namatiye ezinye izifunda:

I-Liù Bǎo Chá (六堡茶, Liù Bǎo Chá), Guǎngxī. Womabili angama-hēi chá anokugugiswa okude, kodwa i-Liù Bǎo idlula enqwabeni emanzi ezimweni ezishisayo zase-Guǎngxī, ithuthukisa iphrofayili “ephansi” kanye “ne-betel yamantongomane”. I-Tiān Jiān – yomile, igqame kakhulu ngomusi, inhle kakhulu ngobumnandi.
I-Shú Pǔ’ěr (熟普洱, Shú Pǔ’ěr), Yúnnán. I-Shú Pǔ’ěr idlula ekuvutshelweni okusheshayo okuqinile (Wò Duī), okuletha isimo “esiphansi”, “sekhunta”. I-Tiān Jiān ivutshelwa kancane: i-wòduī yokuqala imfushane (amahora angu-18–24 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezingama-45–60 ze-shú), inguquko enkulu – ngesikhathi igciniwe. Ukunambitheka kwe-Tiān Jiān “kungokhuni-kwezinongo” kakhulu futhi “kunomusi” kunaku-shú pǔ’ěr.
Ānchá (安茶, Ānchá), Qímén. I-Ānchá evela esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Ānhuī nayo iyagugiswa ezitsheni zoqalo, kodwa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhluke ngokuphelele: “ilanga lasemini – umbethe wasebusuku” (日晒夜露). I-Tiān Jiān ihluke ngokuthi inayo i-wòduī nokoma ngomusi kaphayini, okunikeza umumo ocebile, “obhemayo”.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Ānhuà Tiān Jiān Hēi Chá itiye lapho kuhlanganiswe khona konke ukujula kwesiko letiye lase-Húnán: kusukela ezingadini zasendulo zezintaba zase-Yúntái Shān kuze kufike ekushiseni okukhanyayo kweSitofu Sezinkanyezi Eziyisikhombisa, kusukela ezindlini zombusi kuze kufike kubhasikidi boqalo lwabathengisi abavamile. Isimo sayo ukuvumelana kokuphikisanayo: inothi elinamandla lomsi kaphayini lilinganiselwa ubumnandi obuthambile bempahla engavuthiwe yezinga lokuqala, futhi ubulukhuni bohlelo lwezinga lobukhosi buthanjiswa ukufudumala kobuciko babantu. I-Tiān Jiān ifanelana nalabo abafuna etiyeni hhayi isiphuzo nje kuphela, kodwa uhambo ngesikhathi – kusukela ebusheni obugqamile, obucishe bube budlwangendle kuye ekuhlakanipheni okuthulile kweminyaka egugile.

Leli tiye linikeza amava angandile okuthula okucabangelayo: lingaphuzwa kusihlwa, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuqwasha, liphekwe emakuseni amade asebusika, kugcwalise indlu ngephunga lamahlathi asezintabeni, noma lenziwe ngemifudlana, kubukwe ukuthi kusukela emfuthweni uye emfuthweni kwembuleka iphalethi yokunambitheka – kusukela emsini womlilo kuya emacebeni oju namapulangwe avuthiwe. Enkomishini ngayinye ye-Tiān Jiān – kunomsindo “wokuhlanganiswa kwamakha amathathu” kanye nomlando wamakhulu eminyaka Womzila Omkhulu Wetiye, lapho leli tiye lalingeyona nje impahla, kodwa laliyintambo exhumanisa amasiko nabantu.