Lǜchá xiànjǐng

Ikilasi letiye eliluhlaza (绿茶 lǜchá) liyikilasi elikhulu kunawo wonke etiyeni laseShayina futhi yingakho liphambili ngokudideka kwamagama: linamazinga amaningi adumile (名茶 míngchá), futhi amagama omlando akheka ngesimo seqabunga, umbala wezinto ezingavuthiwe noma igama lendawo, hhayi ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Lesi sihloko siqopha “izingibe” ezivame kakhulu ukuze ikhathalogi ihlale ihlanzekile: ikilasi letiye linqunywa yindlela yokucubungula, hhayi igama elisegameni.

Umthetho Oyinhloko: ikilasi liyinqubo, hhayi igama

Ukuba yingxenye yamakilasi ayisithupha etiye laseShayina kunqunywa indlela yokucubungula, ngaphezu kwakho konke — ukuba khona noma ukungabikho ‘kokulungisa ukuluhlaza’ (杀青 shāqīng, ukumisa ama-enzyme ngokushisa) kanye nezinqubo ezinjengokuthi ‘ukuvuthwa’ (闷黄 mēnhuáng) etiyeni eliphuzi noma ukuvutshelwa kwamagciwane etiyeni elimnyama. Amagama anjengathi “mhlophe”, “phuzi”, “isiliva”, “luhlaza” egameni — lokhu kungukuthengisa, isiko lesifunda noma incazelo yokubukeka, hhayi inkomba yekilasi. Konke okuhlukile okubalulwe ngezansi kuvela kulokhu.

”Mhlophe” Ngegama — Luhlaza Ngekilasi

Isingibe esaziwa kakhulu — i-安吉白茶 (Ānjí báichá, “itiye elimhlophe lase-Anji”). Naphezu kwegama elithi 白茶, leli itiye eliluhlaza. Imfihlo isohlotsheni lwe-albino 白叶一号 (báiyè yīhào). Emazingeni okushisa aphansi entwasahlobo, amahlumela amancane aba “nokushwabana okumhlophe” (低温白化): iqabunga linokuncane kwe-chlorophyll futhi linama-amino acid amaningi, okwenza ukuthi umhluzo uthambekele “ekubeni sha” (鲜 xiān). Kodwa izinto ezingavuthiwe zicutshungulwa ngobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza — nge-杀青, ngaphandle kokuvuthwa nangaphandle kokubuna, okuyisici setiye elimhlophe langempela. Ngakho-ke i-安吉白茶 ingaphansi kwekilasi eliluhlaza, futhi ibizwa “ngomhlophe” ngenxa yombala ophaphathekile weqabunga kuphela.

Ngalo mqondo ofanayo, ahlala eluhlaza, hhayi amhlophe, i-正安白茶 (Zhèng’ān báichá), i-天目湖白茶 (Tiānmùhú báichá) kanye ne-资溪白茶 (Zīxī báichá) — wonke enziwe ngezinhlobo ezifanayo ze-albino futhi acutshungulwa njengetiye eliluhlaza.

Intaba Eyodwa — Amakilasi Ahlukene: 蒙顶山

Kusuka entabeni i-Mengding (蒙顶山 Méngdǐngshān) kuvela amakilasi ahlukene etiye, futhi lokhu kuyadida. I-蒙顶甘露 (Méngdǐng gānlù) ne-蒙顶石花 (Méngdǐng shíhuā) — ziluhlaza. Kodwa i-蒙顶黄芽 (Méngdǐng huángyá) — iphuzi (黄茶), ngoba ekukhiqizeni kwayo kunesigaba sokuvuthwa 闷黄, esinikeza ubumnene nethoni efudumele. Igama lendawo elilodwa, isifunda esisodwa somthombo — kodwa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene, futhi okusho ukuthi, amakilasi ahlukene.

”Izinaliti Eziyisiliva”, Ezingefani

Igama elithi “izinaliti” (银针 yínzhēn) lichaza isimo — imiqumbe eqondile njengezinaliti — futhi litholakala emakilasini amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa:

• 君山银针 (Jūnshān yínzhēn) — itiye eliphuzi (黄茶), elinokuvuthwa.
• 白毫银针 (Báiháo yínzhēn) — itiye elimhlophe (白茶), elenziwe ngokubuna nokomiswa ngaphandle kwe-杀青.
• [滇红金针](https://zu.thetea.app/article/dianhong-jin-zhen) (Diānhóng jīnzhēn) — itiye elibomvu (红茶, elivutshiwe ngokuphelele).

Womathathu angimiqumbe emise okwenzaliti, kodwa amakilasi amathathu ahlukene. I-君山银针 ivame ukudidaniswa ne-白毫银针 ikakhulukazi ngenxa yegama elithi “izinaliti”.

Isifunda Esisodwa — Amakilasi Amabili: 安化

Isifunda sase-Anhua (安化 Ānhuà) eHunan sikhiqiza amakilasi amabili ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa:

• 安化松针 (Ānhuà sōngzhēn, “izinaliti zikaphayini zase-Anhua”) — itiye eliluhlaza elimise okwenzaliti.
• 安化黑茶 (Ānhuà hēichá) — itiye elimnyama (黑茶) ngokuvutshelwa kwamagciwane, okuyiwo ahlanganisa adumile ‘ayinkulungwane yamashumi amabili’ (千两 qiānliǎng) kanye ‘nezitini ze-fu’ (茯砖 fúzhuān).

Isifunda esisodwa, kodwa “izinaliti zikaphayini” ziluhlaza, kanti “itiye elimnyama lase-Anhua” limnyama. Igama lendawo alilinqumi ikilasi.

”毛尖” — Luhlobo, Hhayi Itiye Elilodwa

Igama elithi 毛尖 (máojiān) lichaza isimo nohlobo (izinto ezincane ezisontiwe ezingavuthiwe ezinemiqumbe), kodwa aliboshelwe etiyeni elilodwa noma ekilasini elilodwa:

• 信阳毛尖 (Xìnyáng máojiān, Henan) — luhlaza.
• 都匀毛尖 (Dūyún máojiān, Guizhou) — luhlaza.
• 古丈毛尖 (Gǔzhàng máojiān, Hunan) — luhlaza.
• 沩山毛尖 (Wéishān máojiān, Hunan) — phuzi (黄茶).

Ama-”maojian” amathathu aluhlaza, kanti elesine liphuzi. Igama elifanayo egameni aliqinisekisi ikilasi elilodwa.

Akuluhlaza, Noma “kuzwakala kuluhlaza” Noma Kumila Endaweni Eluhlaza

Amatiye amaningana adumile afakwa ngephutha kweziluhlaza:

• 大红袍 (Dàhóngpáo), 铁观音 (Tiěguānyīn), 凤凰单丛 (Fènghuáng dāncóng), 冻顶乌龙 (Dòngdǐng wūlóng) — lawa ama-ulong (青茶 qīngchá), avutshiwe ngokwengxenye, hhayi aluhlaza.
• 普洱生茶 (Pǔ’ěr shēngchá) kanye 晒青毛茶 (shàiqīng máochá) — ngokusemthethweni i-晒青 (shàiqīng, ukomiswa elangeni) ingaphansi kobuchwepheshe bokulungisa okuluhlaza, kodwa lokhu kuyisisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-pu’er, ngakho-ke amatiye anjalo abhekwa kumzila we-pu’er, hhayi kowokuluhlaza.

Futhi ekugcineni, okubalulekile: 绿茶 ≠ “okuluhlaza/okungokwemvelo”. Ikilasi linqunywa yindlela yokucubungula, hhayi umbala wephakethe futhi hhayi ngesimo se-eco somkhiqizo.

Aluhlaza, Kodwa “Angavamile” Ngesimo

Amanye amatiye aluhlaza angempela abukeka engavamile futhi ngenxa yalokho ayadida:

• 六安瓜片 (Lù’ān guāpiàn) — uwukuphela kwetiye elenziwe ngamaqabunga kuphela, ngaphandle kwemiqumbe neziqu.
• 太平猴魁 (Tàipíng hóukuí) — itiye elikhulu kakhulu eliyisicaba lohlobo “lwamaqabunga amabili nomqumbe”, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-~7 cm; leli itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe ngendlela eshisayo (烘青 hōngqīng).
• 恩施玉露 (Ēnshī yùlù) kanye 仙人掌茶 (Xiānrénzhǎng chá) — itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngesitimu (蒸青 zhēngqīng), okuyivelakancane eShayina, lapho ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngesitimu, hhayi ngokushisa embizeni.

Amatiye Asesitimu AseJapane — Indaba Ehlukile

Ama-煎茶 (sencha) aseJapane, i-玉露 (gyokuro), i-抹茶 (matcha) ne-玄米茶 (genmaicha) nawo aluhlaza futhi nawo alungiswa ngesitimu (蒸青), kodwa lawa amatiye aseJapane, futhi akufanele ahlanganiswe nemizila yaseShayina.

Indlela Yokugwema Ukubanjwa: Uhlu Lokuhlola Olufushane

• Bheka ubuchwepheshe, hhayi igama. Ikhona yini i-杀青? Ikhona yini i-闷黄 (uma kunjalo iphuzi), ukubuna ngaphandle kokulungiswa okushisayo (mhlophe), ukuvutshelwa kwamagciwane (mnyama)?
• “Okumhlophe” egameni (njengaku-安吉白茶) kuvame ukusho uhlobo lwe-albino, hhayi ikilasi 白茶.
• “Izinaliti eziyisiliva” kanye “maojian” izimo, ezitholakala emakilasini ahlukene; cacisa isifunda nokucutshungulwa.
• Igama lendawo elilodwa (蒙顶山, 安化) lingakhiqiza amakilasi ahlukene etiye — ungalithembi izwe njengophawu lwekilasi.
• “Okuluhlaza” njengekilasi akufani “nombala oluhlaza” noma “okungokwemvelo”.

Isiphetho silula: etiyeni eliluhlaza, igama livamise ukukhohlisa. Uphawu olunokwethenjelwa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, futhi yibo kanye esisebenzisa bona ukuhlukanisa itiye kuleli naleliya kilasi kwamayisithupha.

Izihloko ezihlobene: i-taxonomy yetiye eliluhlaza, imizila ye-huángchá, báichá, hēichá kanye ne-pǔ’ěr.