guó yǒu lín

Phezulu emahlathini kahulumeni aseNtabeni i-Iwu (易武, yì wǔ) kukhula izihlahla ezikhiqiza i-sheng pu’er ebiza kakhulu futhi ekunzima kakhulu ukuyithola kuso sonke isifunda sase-Xishuangbanna. Phakathi kwazo, i-薄荷塘 (bò hé táng, “ichibi likaminti”) liyizinga lobucwepheshe, kuyilapho omakhelwane i-Guafengzhai ne-Tongqinghe behola isitayela “sasendle” samahlathi kahulumeni.

I-Terroir: I-Iwu Namahlathi Ayo Kahulumeni

Intaba i-Iwu itholakala esifundeni sase-Mengla (勐腊) esifundazweni sase-Xishuangbanna (e-Yunnan) futhi iyingxenye yeqembu lakudala le-古六大茶山 (gǔ liù dà chá shān, “Izintaba Eziyisithupha Zasendulo Zetiye”). Uma isitayela sasentshonalanga, sase-Menghai (i-Lao Banzhang, i-Lao Man’e), sidume ngamandla nokubaba, i-Iwu ngokomlando ibhekwa njengezwe lobumnene, ubumnandi bamanzi kanye ne-aftertaste ende—lokho amaShayina akubiza ngo- 韵 (yùn), “i-aftertaste enomsindo omnandi”. Izinga lalesi simo esiwukudala linikezwa idolobhana lase-Mahei (麻黑) nge-infusion yalo emnene, amanzi amnandi kanye ne-yùn ende.

Isigaba esikhethekile ngaphakathi kwe-Iwu sakhiwa yi-国有林 (guó yǒu lín)—amahlathi kahulumeni, aguqulekile. Lokhu akuzona izitshalo zasengadini, kodwa izihlahla zetiye ezindala ezihlakazeke phakathi kwezimila zasendle zamahlathi, emithambekeni ekude, okunzima ukufinyeleleka kuyo. Izihlahla lapha azizange zibe nokunakekelwa okunamandla, zikhula zixubene nomqhele wehlathi, futhi yilesi simo sasendle esichaza “inothi lazo lehlathi” eliyingqayizivele—i-野韵 (yě yùn) kanye nokuphola okuyisici kwe-infusion.

薄荷塘 — Ichibi Likaminti

I-薄荷塘 indawo yesigodi (村寨) esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, ehlobene ne-Iwu namahlathi ayo kahulumeni. Ekuhlukanisweni kwe-THE TEA, ima esigabeni i-S+—okungukuthi phakathi kokushoda okuphelele neziqongo zamanani, ilingana ne-Lao Banzhang ne-Imperial Mansong.

Impahla eluhlaza ingama-古树 (gǔ shù), izihlahla ezindala. Iphrofayili ye-薄荷塘 ichazwa ngokuthi i-清雅花蜜 (qīng yǎ huā mì)—isimo “esihlanzekile esicwepheshe sezimbali noju” esinenothi likaminti elipholile (薄荷凉, bò hé liáng) kanye nobucwepheshe obuzwakalayo, ucolisiso lwesakhiwo (细腻, xì nì). Yilobu busha obupholile obunikeze le ndawo igama. Ngokuphambene namatiye aminyene, acebe ngomzimba avela emahlathini kahulumeni, i-薄荷塘 ayithathi ngamandla, kodwa ngokucacileyo, ubucayi obufana nobulembu kanye ne-aftertaste ende, ehlanzekile.

Amanani omkhiqizo mancane kakhulu, ukufinyelela ezihlahleni kunzima, futhi lokhu kwenza i-薄荷塘 ibe itiye le-Iwu elibiza kakhulu—isikhundla esigcina emakethe njengenkomba ephelele yamanani nobungqayizivele.

I-Guafengzhai Nezindawo Zayo (片区)

I-刮风寨 (guā fēng zhài, i-Guafengzhai) idolobhana lamaYao (瑶族), elibuye lihlobane namahlathi kahulumeni ase-Iwu, isigaba S. Amatiye alo ahlukaniswa nge-”wild” resonance enamandla (野韵强) kanye nephunga elimnandi lezimbali noju. Ngaphakathi kwe-Guafengzhai kuhlukaniswa izindawo ezingaphansi-ezincane (片区) ezehlukene: i-茶王树 (chá wáng shù), i-白沙河 (bái shā hé) ne-冷水河 (lěng shuǐ hé).

Phakathi kwazo, i-茶王树 (“isihlahla—inkosi yetiye”) yehlukile: lena indawo esesigabeni i-S+, ekhiqiza itiye elinephunga lezimbali nezithelo-noju eliphakeme kakhulu (花果蜜香高扬), umzimba omkhulu we-infusion (汤厚) kanye namandla etiye avezelayo (气强, qì qiáng). Ngokwenhlanganisela yokuphakama kwephunga namandla, i-茶王树 ingenye yezinto eziphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke Izintaba Zetiye Ezisempumalanga.

I-Tongqinghe Nezinye Izindawo Zamahlathi Kahulumeni

I-铜箐河 (tóng qìng hé, i-Tongqinghe) ingenye futhi imele amahlathi kahulumeni, isigaba A. Iphrofayili yayo “iyasendle, iyaphola, iminyene” (野, 凉, 厚): umzimba wehlathi likahulumeni uhlangene nobusha obufanayo obuyisici be-infusion.

Eceleni kukhona namazinga adumile “asengadini” ase-Iwu, angawo amahlathi kahulumeni, kodwa akha umongo jikelele wokunambitha wesifunda:

• IMahei (麻黑, S)—i-Iwu yakudala: i-infusion emnene, amanzi amnandi, i-yùn ende.
• I-Wangong (弯弓, wān gōng, S)—umgogodla wesifunda somlando sase-曼撒 (màn sā): iphunga lezimbali noju, ubucwepheshe nokugcwala.
• ILuoshuidong (落水洞, luò shuǐ dòng, A)—imnandi-emnene, efana noju; idolobhana laziwa ngengwaneko yalo siqu “yesihlahla senkosi”.

Izinhlobo Nezihlahla

Impahla eluhlaza esetshenziswayo itiye lase-Yunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶种, dà yè zhǒng) elivela ezihlahleni ezindala. Ezindaweni zamahlathi kahulumeni, lokhu ngokuvamile yizihlahla zasendulo ezihlakazeke ngokuhlukana endaweni yamahlathi, hhayi izingadi eziminyene. Indawo ezungezile yasendle, ukuphakama, ukungabikho kokungenelela okunamandla kanye nobudala obukhulu besistimu yezimpande kunikeza i-infusion egxilile, enamaminerali naleyo resonance yehlathi kanye nokuphola emphinjeni.

Ukucutshungulwa

I-薄荷塘 nomakhelwane bayo yi-生普 (shēng pǔ), i-pu’er eluhlaza (engavutshiwe). Uchungechunge lwakudala: ukuqoqwa kwama-flush ezihlahleni ezindala → ukubuna → ukulungisa okuluhlaza 杀青 (shā qīng) ebhodweni → ukusonta 揉捻 (róu niǎn) → ukomiswa elangeni, okukhiqiza umkhiqizo osakhiwona 晒青毛茶 (shài qīng máo chá). Ngemva kwalokho impahla eluhlaza icindezelwa ibe amakhekhe (bǐng) noma ezinye izinhlobo bese ibekelwa ukuvuthwa kwemvelo. Emazingeni amahlathi kahulumeni, ukulungisa okuluhlaza okuthambile, okungayi “kubulala” iphunga elimnandi elicwepheshe, kanye nokomiswa kwelanga okuhlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu—yikhona okugcina ukucaca kwezimbali noju kanye nobusha bukaminti, okwenza i-薄荷塘 iziswe.

Amazinga

I-Pu’er ingeyomkhiqizo ovikelwe njengophawu lwendawo yesifundazwe sase-Yunnan, ngokuhlukaniswa kube izinhlobo eziluhlaza (shēng) nezivuthiwe (shú) kanye nokuhlanganiswa nempahla eluhlaza yase-Yunnan enamaqabunga amakhulu. Izindawo ezisezingeni le-Iwu namahlathi ayo kahulumeni ezimweni eziningi zithengiswa njengetiye elivela endaweni eyodwa kuphela (single-origin) nenkomba yendawo ethile engaphansi; impela yimvelaphi encane, hhayi izinga elijwayelekile, elichaza inani nobunikazi lapha.

Ukunambitheka Nokwenza Itiye

I-薄荷塘 ivuleka nge-infusion esobala enombala osagolide enephunga lezimbali noju, umoya opholile “waminti” emathekwini aphezulu kanye nokwakheka okushelelayo, okucwepheshe. Omakhelwane bamahlathi kahulumeni bangeza kulokhu okwengeziwe kwasendle nokuminyene: i-Guafengzhai—i-野韵 ecebile kanye nephunga elikhuphukayo, i-Tongqinghe—umzimba nokuphola.

Izincomo zokuthululwa:

• Izitsha: itiyela le-Yixing lobumba noma i-gaiwan ye-porcelain.
• Amanzi: athambile, acishe abe ngu-95–100 °C.
• Isilinganiso: cishe u-7–8 g ku-110–130 ml.
• Ukugeza: ukuthulula okukodwa okufushane kokukhipha uthuli.
• Ukwenza itiye: ukuthulula kokuqala imizuzwana engu-5–10, bese kwandiswa isikhathi; izihlahla ezindala zase-Iwu zikwazi ukumelana nokuthululwa okuningi, zingalahlekelwa ubumnandi kanye ne-resonance.

Kufanele kubhekwe i-喉韵 (hóu yùn)—umuzwa wokuphola nobumnandi, owehlela emphinjeni; yikhona okuhlukanisa impahla yeqiniso yamahlathi kahulumeni.

Umlando Namasiko

I-Iwu iyinhliziyo yomlando yezintaba eziyisithupha zasendulo zetiye futhi ingenye yezindawo ezisemqoka zeNdlela Yetiye yakudala. Izindawo zamahlathi kahulumeni ezifana ne-薄荷塘, i-刮风寨 ne-铜箐河 zangena ezikhungweni zesimanje muva nje, enkathini yokukhula kwe-sheng pu’er yendawo eyodwa: ubunzima bokufinyelela, amanani amancane kanye nobusha “bamahlathi” obuqashelwayo ngokushesha kwabenza baba amazinga okuqoqwa. I-Guafengzhai lapho nokho ihlala iyidolobhana eliphilayo lamaYao, lapho amahlathi etiye eyingxenye yendlela yokuphila yendabuko.

Ungahlukanisa Kanjani

• Imvelaphi yendawo ibaluleke ukudlula ‘uphawu lwe-Iwu’. I-薄荷塘 yeqiniso indawo yangaphansi ethile yehlathi likahulumeni enomkhiqizo omncane kakhulu; “amaqoqo e-薄荷塘” amakhulu ngokwencazelo ayasolisa.
• Ukuphola kaminti nobucwepheshe. I-薄荷塘 ibonakala ngenhlanganisela yephunga lezimbali-noju elihlanzekile nomoya opholile kanye nobucwepheshe obushelelayo—hhayi ngamandla futhi hhayi ngokubaba.
• Ihlathi likahulumeni ngokumelene nengadi. I-Guafengzhai ne-Tongqinghe zinikeza iphrofayili “yasendle” kakhudlwana, eminyene, epholile (野韵), kuyilapho i-Mahei ne-Luoshuidong zinikeza ubumnandi obumnene be-Iwu yasengadini yakudala.
• I-resonance ibaluleke ukudlula amandla. I-Iwu imayelana ne- 韵 nokuphola emphinjeni; uma inkomishi ibuswa ukubaba okusindayo kwesitayela sase-Menghai, lokhu akuyona iphrofayili ye-Iwu.