sān bǎo zhā · thetea.app

«Amathathu Amagugu» (三宝扎, sān bǎo zhā) — umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe wemifino waseGuangdong owenziwe ngefindo eliboshiwe, lapho ikhasi lemandarin eligugile lisebenza njengembopho kanye nesinye sezakhi eziyinhloko, kanti ngaphakathi kuhlanganiswe amakhambi omisiwe nezithelo ezimbalwa. Isikhungo senjongo nesinambitheka sefindo yikhasi eligugile laseXinhui (新会陈皮, xīnhuì chénpí) — ikhasi lemandarin yohlobo lwe-‘chazhigan’ (Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’), okuyinto enendatshana yayo ehlukile kule nsiza. Kubalulekile ukucacisa kusenesikhathi: ngokwesayensi yezitshalo lokhu akulona itiye — alikho ikhasi le-Camellia sinensis ekwakhekeni, futhi isiphuzo esitholakalayo singaphansi kwesigaba ‘sezithako ezithatha indawo yetiye’ (代用茶, dàiyòng chá), okungukuthi, ukumnika kwemifino okuphuzwa ngendlela yetiye. ‘Amathathu Amagugu’ akhiqizwa esifundazweni saseGuangdong, ikakhulukazi endaweni yasePearl River Delta (珠江三角洲, zhū jiāng sān jiǎo zhōu) naseduze kwedolobha laseJiangmen (江门, jiāngmén). Esikweni lezindaba zansuku zonke laseCanton, amafindo anjalo angaphansi kwesiko ‘lama-decoction apholisayo’ (凉茶, liáng chá) — iziphuzo zansuku zonke ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukoma ‘nokuthambisa umphimbo’ esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: ukumnika kwemifino okuhlanganisiwe, indawo yetiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá).
Isigaba: ukumnika kwemifino nezimbali ezomile (代用茶, dàiyòng chá) — ngaphandle kwesigaba sezitshalo setiye esivela ku-Camellia sinensis
Izwe lokuzalwa: isifundazwe saseGuangdong, eningizimu yeChina; umgogodla wesiko — isifunda saseXinhui sedolobha laseJiangmen.
Isakhi esinqumayo: ikhasi eligugile laseXinhui (新会陈皮, xīnhuì chénpí).
Indlela yokukhiqiza: ifindo eliboshiwe; uhlamvu lwesiShayina 扎 (zhā) lusho ‘inqwaba, isixha’.

Kufanele kushiwo ngokungagwegwesi: ‘emagugwini amathathu’ alikho ikhasi letiye le-Camellia sinensis, futhi ngokokwakheka akulona itiye, kodwa ukumnika kwemifino. Ohlelweni lweziphuzo lwaseShayina, imikhiqizo enjalo ibhalwa njenge-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá) — ‘indawo yetiye’: izithako ziphuzwa ngendlela efanayo netiye, kodwa ngokwesayensi yezitshalo azihlobene nesihlahla setiye. Lokhu akusilo ‘ikhophi’ ngomqondo olulazayo, kodwa uhlobo oluzimele olunomlando walo, isisekelo sezithako zalo, kanye nendlela yokuphisa, ekhona eGuangdong ngokulingana netiye langempela.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Umongo: isiko laseCanton ‘lama-decoction apholisayo’ (凉茶, liáng chá).
Umsuka wesiko: umkhuba wamakhulu eminyaka wokugugisa ikhasi le-citrus eXinhui.

IGuangdong nesimo sayo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama kudala yakha umkhuba wokuphuza ukumnika kwemifino okuqabulayo. Ngo-2006, isiko le-凉茶 (liáng chá) laseCanton lafakwa ohlwini lwamagugu amasiko angaphatheki eChina — ngokuhlanganyela neHong Kong neMacau. ‘Amathathu Amagugu’ angena kulomugqa wezindaba zansuku zonke: ifindo eliboshiwe lilungele ukugcinwa, ukukala inani, nokuphisa, ngaphandle kokukhetha izithako ngazinye isikhathi ngasinye.

Umkhiqizo unikezwa isisindo esikhethekile yikhasi elivela eXinhui. Ikhasi le-citrus eligugile liye lahlonishwa khona amakhulu eminyaka, futhi lapho likhulu ikhulu lokuguga, izinga lakho libhekwa njengeliphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa ikhasi elinjalo namanye amakhambi ambalwa asizayo efinyweni elilodwa — inqubo ewusizo futhi ‘enesikhundla’: iphakamisela isiphuzo sasekhaya esiqabulayo ngaphezu kwezinga le-decoction elula.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezithako:

Imbopho (isakhi esihlala sikhona): ikhasi eligugile laseXinhui (新会陈皮, xīnhuì chénpí), Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’, umndeni wakwaRutaceae.
Izithako zangaphakathi: ziyahlukahluka ngomsebenzi wezandla; ayikho iresiphi ebhalwe emthethweni.

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ayikho inhlanganisela eyodwa evunyiwe ‘yamathathu amagugu’: inhlanganisela ethile nezilinganiso kunqunywa umkhiqizi. Igama ‘amathathu amagugu’ liwukuhlelwa okuzwakalayo nokungokomfanekiso kunokubala okuqinile kwezinto ezintathu — inani lezithako ezifakwayo liyahlukahluka phakathi kwemisebenzi yezandla ehlukene. Ngezansi kubhalwe kuphela lezo zithako ezivela ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokuzenza iresiphi eqondile.

胖大海 (pàng dà hǎi): izimbewu, ezivuvukala kakhulu emanzini. Ukubalwa kwesiLatini emithonjeni kuyahlukahluka: ngokwesiko i-Sterculia lychnophora Hance, ohlelweni lwesimanje lolwazi lwezitshalo uhlobo luvame ukufakwa kuhlobo lwe-Scaphium (isibonelo, i-Scaphium affine), umndeni wakwaMalvaceae (ngaphambilini wakwaSterculiaceae). I-binomial eyodwa kunzima ukuyethula; izithako zingeniswa zivela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
甘草 (gān cǎo): impande ye-licorice; ngaphansi kwaleligama kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-Glycyrrhiza (kuhlanganisa i-G. uralensis, i-G. glabra, i-G. inflata). Inikeza ubumnandi obuthambile.
罗汉果 (luó hàn guǒ): isithelo ‘se-arhat’, i-Siraitia grosvenorii; umthombo wemvelo wobumnandi.
橄榄 / 青橄榄 (gǎn lǎn): umnqumo omhlophe waseShayina, i-Canarium album; isithelo esimuncu-esinokhalo noma esomile.
金银花 (jīn yín huā): i-honeysuckle yaseJaphani, i-Lonicera japonica; ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa izimbali ze-chrysanthemum (菊花, jú huā).

Umsebenzi wezandla ngamunye uhunyushela ‘amagugu’ ngendlela yawo: kwenye indawo efindweni kukhona i-licorice ‘ne-pangdahai’, kwenye indawo kunezelwa ‘i-luohanguo’ noma umnqumo. Okuwukuphela kokungaguquguquki okuqinile — ikhasi eligugile laseXinhui njengembopho nesisekelo sesinambitheka.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

I-terroir eyinhloko: isifunda saseXinhui, iPearl River Delta.
Izimo: ukuhlangana kwemifula iXijiang (西江, xī jiāng) neTajiang (潭江, tán jiāng), ithonya lolwandle elinamagagasi, amanzi anosawoti eduze kweLake Yinzhou (银洲湖, yín zhōu hú).

Ikhasi le-Xinhui — umkhiqizo onenkombandlela yezwekazi evikelwe, futhi idumela lalo lihlobene ngokuqondile nezimo zendawo. Ukuhlangana kwamanzi omfula ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti anamagagasi, inhlabathi ye-alluvial yedelta, kanye nesimo sezulu esithambile esingasogwini kwakha iphrofayili ekhethekile yekhasi lohlobo ‘lwe-chazhigan’ (茶枝柑, chá zhī gān), ebizwa nangokuthi ‘i-mandarin yaseXinhui’. Ngaphandle kwale ndawo, ikhasi lifakwa esigabeni esibanzi ‘se-Guangdong’ (广陈皮, guǎng chénpí), izinga lalo elihlolwa ngenye indlela.

Ezinye izithako zefindo zivela ezindaweni ezahlukene: ‘i-pangdahai’ ingenisiwe ivela eVietnam, eThailand, e-Indonesia; ‘i-luohanguo’ ngokwesiko ihlotshaniswa neGuangxi; i-licorice ivunwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Ngakho-ke, ‘amathathu amagugu’ — umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe, lapho i-terroir ngomqondo oqinile ihlobene ikakhulukazi nekhasi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ikhasi: ukuvuna ama-mandarin, ukukhishwa kwekhasi, ukomiswa, ukugugiswa isikhathi eside (ngokuvamile kusukela eminyakeni emithathu nangaphezulu).
Ukuhlanganiswa: ukwakhiwa kwefindo kusuka emgqeni wekhasi elizungeze izithako ezomile nokubopha.

Ikhasi likhishwa ngokusikwa ukuze livuleke ngezinhlamvu ezihlanganisiwe (ngokuvamile ezintathu — 三瓣, sān bàn), bese lomiswa futhi lishiywe ukuba livuthwe. Ukugugiswa kwenzeka iminyaka, ngokungenisa umoya nokomisa ngezikhathi ezithile; ngalesisikhathi, ubukhali bekhasi elisha buyancipha futhi kuvela iphunga ‘elidala’ elijwayelekile.

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe ifindo, kusetshenziswa ikhasi eligugile eliphelele noma elinomugqa: lisongwa ngalo izithako ezomile ezikhethiwe bese kuqiniswa kube inqwaba ehlangene. Imbopho lapha isebenza ngokuphindwe kabili — ibamba okungaphakathi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza isinambitheka sokumnika okuzayo. Njengoba ukwakheka kungahleliwe, isisindo nokugcwaliswa kwamafindo kwehlukile kubakhiqizi abahlukene.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Isimo sangaphandle: ifindo eliminyene elimnyama-nsundu elinombopho obonakalayo wekhasi.
Iphunga lezithako ezomile: ikhasi le-citrus eligugile, imisindo ene-resin-herbaceous.
Umbala wokumnika: kusuka kusagolide kuya kwi-amber.
Isinambitheka: ukubaba kwe-citrus kwekhasi, ubumnandi bemvelo obuthambile (i-licorice, ‘i-luohanguo’), ‘okupholisayo’, i-aftertaste egoqela kancane.

Ukulingana kuncike kakhulu kuresiphi: izinhlobo ezine-‘luohanguo’ ne-licorice zinoshukela kakhulu, kanti ukugxila ekhashini ‘nase-pangdahai’ kunikeza iphrofayili ebambekayo, emnene-ebabayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Evela ekhashini: ama-flavonoid, ikakhulukazi i-hesperidin (橙皮苷, chéng pí gān) nama-polymethoxyflavone — i-nobiletin (川陈皮素, chuān chén pí sù) ne-tangerektin (橘皮素, jú pí sù); amafutha abalulekile ane-limonene evelele (柠檬烯, níng méng xī); ama-pectin.
Evela ku-licorice: i-glycyrrhizinic acid (甘草酸, gān cǎo suān), enikeza ubumnandi.
Evela ‘ku-luohanguo’: ama-mogroside (罗汉果苷, luó hàn guǒ gān) — izinhlanganisela ezinoshukela kakhulu.
Evela ‘ku-pangdahai’: ama-polysaccharide anamafinyila, avuvukala emanzini.

Ukwakheka okugcinalayo kuncike ngokuqondile kuresiphi yenqwaba ethile, ngakho-ke ukukhuluma ngokugxilisa okungaguquki akufanele.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Njengoba kuvame ukucatshangwa esikweni lezindaba zansuku zonke: isiphuzo sahlonishwa njengesiqabulayo ‘nesithambisa umphimbo’, sisixhumanisa nemibono ‘yomphumela ophilisayo’ (凉茶) ‘nokulawulwa kwe-qi’ (理气, lǐ qì) ngekhasi eligugile; izithako ezithile emkhubeni wesintu zihlotshaniswa nemibono ‘yokuswakamisa umphimbo’ (润喉, rùn hóu) ‘nokuncibilikisa amafinya’ (化痰, huà tán).
Yini efundwa isayensi: ama-flavonoid ekhasi le-citrus (i-hesperidin, ama-polymethoxyflavone) acwaningelwa umsebenzi wokuqeda ama-oxidizing; ama-mogroside ‘e-luohanguo’ afundwa njengama-sweetener wemvelo. Kukhulunywa ngezakhiwo zezinhlanganisela ezithile, hhayi ngomphumela oqinisekisiwe wesiphuzo.

Kudingeka isexwayiso esiqondile: ‘amathathu amagugu’ — umkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi. Izimangalo zezempilo zokuhweba okuthengiswayo zingaphandle kobubanzi be-encyclopedia futhi azikhiqizwa lapha. Ezixwayisweni ezijwayelekile ezaziwayo kufanelekile ukusho ngokungathathi hlangothi: ukulinganisela okunengqondo; ukuqapha mayelana ne-licorice ne-glycyrrhizinic acid kulabo abaqapha umfutho wegazi; ukuzibamba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nalapho kuphuzwa imithi njalo; ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwansuku zonke kwezithako ezinjenge-‘pangdahai’ ngokwesiko nakho akukhuthazwa. Lezi izinkombandlela ezijwayelekile, hhayi izeluleko zezokwelapha noma imithamo.

9. Ukuphisa:

Inani: ifindo elilodwa ngenani; cishe 8 — 15 g, kuye ngobukhulu benqwaba.
Isitsha: i-gaiwan, i-teapot, i-thermos noma ink omishi ejwayelekile; kuvunyelwe futhi ukubilisa epanini elincane.
Amanzi: ashisayo, cishe 95 — 100 °C — izithako zikhubekile (ikhasi, izimbewu, izithelo) futhi zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ukuwasha: ukuwasha okufushane ngamanzi abilayo ngaphambi kokuphisa kuyanconywa.
Ukugalela: ukumnika kokuqala — 2 — 4 amaminithi; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isikhathi siyenyuswa.
Ukuphinda: ukuphisa okuningana; ifindo linikeza isinambitheka kahle ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ukuze uthole ukumnika okunothe kakhudlwana lingabiliswa 10 — 20 amaminithi.
Ukuphakela: kuphuzwa kushisa; lapho kushisa ukumnika kupholiswa kufike ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni bese kuphuzwa kubanda — ngomoya we-凉茶.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: indawo eyomile, epholile, enomoya ojikelezayo, kude nephunga langaphandle.
Izingcuphe: umswakama okhuphukile uholela ekuboleni; izinambuzane eziyizilokazane zingenzeka.

Kukhona ubuhlakani lapha: ikhasi ngokwalo lizuza ekugugisweni isikhathi eside lapho kufinyeleleka umoya, kanti ukufakwa kwemifino nezithelo kudinga ngaphezu kwakho konke ukoma. Ukuhlanganisa okungokoqobo — ukugcina amafindo esimweni esomile, ukuwagcina emswakameni nasemaphungeni ahlabayo, ukuwahlola ngezikhathi ezithile izimpawu zokuba nomswakama.

11. Intengo Kanye Nomgunyathi:

Yini enquma intengo: ngaphezu kwakho konke uhlobo nobudala bekhasi-mbopho; lapho ikhasi lidala futhi ‘liyi-Xinhui’ kakhudlwana, ifindo libiza kakhulu ngokwengeziwe.
Inkomba (uhlelo lobukhulu): inani eliqinisekile elilodwa alikwazi ukulethwa ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokupheka; ukuhlanganiswa kwezabelomali ngekhasi elincane kulinganiswa ngamashumi ama-yuan ngekhilogremu, kanti izinhlobo ezisekhashini le-Xinhui eligugile langempela zilandela intengo ye-新会陈皮 uqobo futhi zingafinyelela kumakhulu ama-yuan ngekhilogremu nangaphezulu.

Sibukeka kanjani isithako esithembekile: imbopho — ivela ekhashini eligugile langempela elinephunga ‘elidala’ elijwayelekile, izindlala eziphawulekayo zamafutha nombala ongalingani wemvelo; ukufakwa — okuphelele, okubonakalayo, ngaphandle kwephunga elibi. Yini esetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho: ikhasi elincane noma elingeyona eye-Xinhui, elenziwa njengeligugile; ikhasi ‘eligugiswe’ ngokungeyemvelo; amakhambi anenani eliphansi noma ahleliwe kabusha. Yini okufanele ibhekwe: iphunga lekhasi (akumele lihlabe kabi-nge-parfum noma libolile), ukungabikho kwezimpawu zokufakwa kombala nokunikezwa iphunga, ukoma okujwayelekile nobuqotho befindo. Izimangalo eziphathelene ‘neminyaka’ ethile yekhasi ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa kufanele zamukelwe ngokuhlolisisa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ngegama: ‘amathathu amagugu’ — ngokwengxenye enkulu indlela yokuhlela ezwakalayo, hhayi ukubala okuqinile kwezithako; inani langempela lokufakwa emisebenzini yezandla ehlukene liyahlukahluka.
Indima ekabili yekhasi: ikhasi laseXinhui lapha liyipakethe nesisekelo sesinambitheka ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izwe lezithako: ifindo lihlanganisa ikhasi lendawo laseGuangdong ‘ne-pangdahai’ engenisiwe evela eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ‘ne-luohanguo’ evela eGuangxi.
Ifa: i-凉茶 (liáng chá) yaseCanton, emasikweni ayo ‘amathathu amagugu’ asondelana nawo, isohlwini lwamagugu amasiko angaphatheki eChina.
Inani: isimo senqwaba — empeleni ‘inani elilodwa lokuphisa’.

Ekuphetheni:

«Amathathu Amagugu» (三宝扎, sān bǎo zhā) — isibonelo esijwayelekile sohlobo lwaseGuangdong lokumnika kwemifino: ifindo eliboshiwe, lapho ikhasi eligugile laseXinhui lihlanganisa ngokuzungezayo amakhambi omisiwe nezithelo ezimbalwa. Lokhu akulona itiye ngomqondo wesayensi yezitshalo — akukho i-Camellia sinensis kukhona, futhi kufanele kakhulu ukuhlobanisa umkhiqizo ne-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá). Kodwa ngemuva kwalokhu kunesiko eligcwele eline-terroir yalo yekhasi, ubuchwepheshe bokugugisa nokuhlanganisa, iphrofayili yesinambitheka esibonakalayo, kanye nesiko lokuphisa, okufanele lichazwe ngenhlonipho, hhayi ‘njengekhophi yetiye’.

Injongo engokoqobo yomkhiqizo ilula futhi ithembekile: yisiphuzo esimnandi sansuku zonke, ubunjalo baso bunqunywa izinga lekhasi, kanti indlela yokupheka yokufakwayo ihlala iyindaba yomsebenzi wezandla, hhayi indinganiso eqinile. Kungalesisizathu-ke ukuthi ‘amathathu amagugu’ kufanele aphathwe ngokunaka ubuqiniso bezithako kanye nangesimo sengqondo esiphilile mayelana nezithembiso zezempilo — njengesici sesiko lezindaba zansuku zonke, hhayi njengomuthi.

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