Nánnuòshān

INanshan (nán nuò shān, 南糯山) ingenye yezindawo ezinamandlovu zetiye zesifunda saseMenghai (勐海) eXishuangbanna, edume ngezingadi zayo ezindala, iphrofayili ethambile enezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi kanye ‘nenkosi yezihlahla zetiye’ eyinganekwane (chá shù wáng, 茶树王).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-sheng pu’er (shēng pǔ’ěr, 生普洱) — i-pu’er eluhlaza, engagaywanga, evuthwa ngokuguga kwemvelo.
• Isigaba sempahla eluhlaza: izihlahla ezindala (gǔ shù, 古树) — isigaba esiphakeme kakhulu kuhlelo lwezigaba lwaseYiwu.
• Imvelaphi: iXishuangbanna, isifunda saseMenghai (西双版纳·勐海) — inhliziyo ye-pu’er yaseYiwu, lapho kugxilwe khona iningi lamadolobhana ayistandard esifundazweni.
• Isimo kurejista yamadolobhana adumile: iyintaba-mukhulu ezimele (片区) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo idolobhana eliqanjwe ngegama lezinga A — okungukuthi iphakathi kwama-terroir aziwa kabanzi, anegunya, kodwa hhayi ashodayo kakhulu esigabeni S/S+-class.
• Ubumakhelwane: eningizimu kukhona intaba-mukhulu yaseBulang (布朗山) enamatiye ayo anamandla, ababayo (老班章, 老曼峨); phakathi kweNanshan nezintaba zaseBulangshan kunedolobhana lasePasha (pà shā, 帕沙), amatiye alo achazwa ngokuthi ‘athambile-amnandi anephunga lezimbali’ (柔甜花香). INanshan ingeyomugqa ‘othambile’, onephunga elimnandi laseMenghai, hhayi ‘owamandla’ waseBulang.
• Izigaba zentaba-mukhulu: ikakhulukazi iBanpo Laozhai (bàn pō lǎo zhài, “idolobhana elidala emthambekeni”) kanye neDuoyizhai (duō yī zhài, iDuoyizhai). Yizingadi ezindala ezisemthambekeni ikakhulukazi ezinikeza impahla eyize kakhulu yale ntaba.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

INanshan ngokwendabuko ichazwa kurejista njenge “ngadi yomlando”. Lokhu akusilo uphawu oluzenzakalelayo: intaba ithathwa njengenye yezindawo eziqashelwayo zokulima itiye okuhleliwe, okutshaliwe eXishuangbanna — indawo lapho ukutshala okudala kwakhiwe khona phakathi namakhulu eminyaka eduze kwamadolobhana, kunokuba kuhlale kungatshaliwe ehlathini.

Umvuthwandaba waleli dumo ngu-茶树王, ‘inkosi yezihlahla zetiye’. Ukuba khona kwesihlahla esidala esidumile, umkhulu, okwakhiwe endaweni yawo, kubeka iNanshan ezingeni elifanayo nezinye ‘izihlahla eziyinkosi’ zezintaba zaseYiwu ne-pu’er. Le motif iyintambo evamile yesiko letiye laseYiwu: kurejista eduze kwayo kubhalwe umkhulu wohlobo lwenguquko eBangwai (邦崴, 过渡型, ~1000 iminyaka), ‘inkosi’ yasendle yaseBada eyabhidlika ngo-2012 (巴达, ~1700 iminyaka) kanye nomdondoshiya wasendle wakudala waseQianjiazhai ezintabeni zaseAilaoshan (千家寨, ~2700 iminyaka). Ngokwesizinda sezihlahla zasendle kanye nezenguquko, iNanshan ifanekisela igatsha elitjaliwe, ‘elingasengadini’.

INanshan akulona i-terroir ebiza kakhulu futhi engashodi kakhulu eXishuangbanna; etafuleni lamazinga ingaphansi kwamadolobhana e-S+-class afana ne-老班章 noma i-薄荷塘. Kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kwehlukile: iyingadi yomlando, etjaliwe ene’yayo inkosi yezihlahla zetiye’ — uphawu lokuthi itiye laseYiwu akulona nje ihlathi lasendle, kodwa futhi nesiko lasegadini lamakhulu eminyaka. Esimweni saseMenghai, iNanshan iphethe indawo ethambile, enezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi — okuphambene okuzolile namandla aseBulang kanye nendawo yokungena ekahle ezweni le-sheng pu’er yengadi eyodwa.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:

• Uhlobo lwezihlahla: impahla eyistandard yaseNanshan — 古树 (gǔ shù, izihlahla ezindala). Ohlelweni lwezigaba lwaseYiwu lesi yisigaba esiphakeme kakhulu sempahla eluhlaza: izihlahla ezindala ziphikiswa nezindlela ezinkulu (大树), ezitshalwe kancane (半栽培), eziyinguquko (过渡型) kanye nezasendle (野生).
• Ikhwalithi yokuhlanza: ukutshala okukudala kunikeza ukuhlanza okujulile, ‘okwasentabeni’ ngebhalansi engcono nokuzinza, kunamasimu amancane amasha.
• Umkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo: i-máochá (毛茶) evela ezihlahleni ezindala zaseNanshan yaziswa njengempahla yengadi eyodwa, eyehlukile.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

INanshan itholakala eXishuangbanna, esifundeni saseMenghai (西双版纳·勐海), ithatha indawo ephakathi ngokwendawo phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu zaseMenghai. Eningizimu kukhona intaba-mukhulu yaseBulang (布朗山) enamatiye anamandla, ababayo; phakathi kweNanshan nezintaba zaseBulangshan kunedolobhana lasePasha (帕沙) elinephrofayili ethambile emnandi enezimbali.

Ngaphakathi kwentaba-mukhulu kugqanyiswa izingxenye zomlando — ikakhulukazi iBanpo Laozhai (“idolobhana elidala emthambekeni”) kanye neDuoyizhai (iDuoyizhai). Yizingadi ezindala ezisemthambekeni ikakhulukazi ezinikeza impahla eyize kakhulu yale ntaba.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Impahla eluhlaza icutshungulwa ngokwe-canon ye-sheng pu’er (shēng pǔ’ěr, 生普洱) — uhlobo oluluhlaza, olungagaywanga, oluvuthwa ngokuguga kwemvelo. Ingqondo yobuchwepheshe ye-sheng ayishintshi kuwo wonke amadolobhana aseYiwu: iqabunga elisha → ukubuna → ukumisa ebhodweni elishisayo (shā qīng, 杀青) → ukusonga → ukomiswa elangeni ukuthola umkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo i-máochá (毛茶) → ukukhetha nokucindezela. I-máochá evela ezihlahleni ezindala zaseNanshan yiyona eziswa njengempahla yengadi eyodwa, eyehlukile.

6. Izici Ezithinta Izinzwa:

Kurejista iphrofayili yeNanshan ichazwa kafushane nangokunembile: 柔 (ethambile) kanye ne-花蜜香 (iphunga lezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi). Lesi yisiginesha yentaba.

• Ukwakheka: ukuhlanza kuthambile, kuyamemeza, ngaphandle kokuhlasela okuqinile. Lapha akukho ‘ukudedela’ kwaseBulang (霸气) kanye nobabayo owedlulele waseLaoman’e; iNanshan isebenza ngokucophelela nangokulingana.
• Iphunga: kugqama ukuhlobana kwamathoni ezimbali nawobisi lwezinyosi — huā mì xiāng. Lokhu kusondeza intaba nePasha engumakhelwane (柔甜花香) futhi ngokuphelele nesikole saseMenghai esinephunga elimnandi, ‘esihle’.
• Ibhalansi: ubabayo nokudonsa kukhona ngokuzithiba, kunikeza indawo kubumnandi kanye nephunga; iphrofayili enjalo yenza itiye lifinyeleleke futhi liqondeke ngisho nangaphandle kokuguga.

Ngokomoya iNanshan — iyindawo ‘ethambile enephunga elimnandi’ ye-pu’er yaseYiwu: itiye lalabo abafuna ukubusheleleka kwezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi, hhayi ukushuba kwamandla amadolobhana aseBulang.

9. Ukugxishwa:

Ingqondo yokugxisha ijwayelekile kwi-sheng yengadi eyodwa evela ezihlahleni ezindala:

• Isitsha: i-gaiwan (gàiwǎn, 盖碗) noma itiye le-Yixing lomthamo omncane; ukugxila okuphezulu kweqabunga emanzini.
• Amanzi: amanzi abilayo acishe abe ngu-95 – 100 °C; amanzi athambile, anamaminerali amancane agqamisa umugqa wezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi.
• Indlela: ukuwasha okusheshayo, bese kuba ukuthelwa okufushane ngokwanda kancane kancane. Imvelo ethambile yeNanshan iyaxolela amaphutha kangcono kunamatiye aseBulang ababayo: noma sekuchayeke kakhudlwana, ukuhlanza kuhlala kumnandi futhi kunephunga elimnandi, futhi akushintsheli ekubabeni okuqinile.
• Ukuzinza: isihlahla esidala sibamba ukuthelwa okuningi ngokuvuleka okuhamba kancane kwamathoni obisi lwezinyosi nezimbali.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Njengoba i-terroir ingeyezinga A elaziwayo, kulula ukuyiphambanisa nomakhelwane kanye nempahla eluhlaza eningi yaseMenghai. INanshan akulona i-terroir ebiza kakhulu futhi engashodi kakhulu eXishuangbanna; etafuleni lamazinga ingaphansi kwamadolobhana e-S+-class afana ne-老班章 noma i-薄荷塘. Izinkomba zokuhlonza:

1. Iphrofayili uma iqhathaniswa neyaseBulang. Uma itiye “licindezela” ngobabayo namandla kanye ne-回甘 ebabayo ende — lona ngumugqa waseBulang (老班章, 老曼峨), hhayi iNanshan. Isiginesha yentaba ubuthambile kanye nephunga lezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi, hhayi amandla.
2. Uma iqhathaniswa nePasha. IPasha (帕沙) ingumakhelwane osondelene kakhulu ngesitayela: nayo i-柔甜花香. Ukwehlukanisa lapha kucashile futhi kubhekise ezinhlotsheni ezithile zengadi ethile, kunokuba kube umehluko omkhulu; womabili amadolobhana angawesikole esisodwa esithambile-esinephunga elimnandi.
3. Izingadi eziqanjiwe. Inkomba ye-半坡老寨 noma i-多依寨 iwuphawu lokunaka i-subterroir ngaphakathi kwentaba; izingadi ezindala ezisemthambekeni zinikeza impahla eyize kakhulu.
4. Uhlobo lwesihlahla. I-standard yi-古树. Amatiye amancane amasimu aseNanshan azoba lula kakhudlwana futhi abe flat ngephunga nangomzimba.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• INanshan ifanekisela igatsha elitjaliwe, ‘elingasengadini’ letiye laseYiwu ngokwesizinda sezihlahla zasendle neziyinguquko ezingomkhulu: uhlobo lwenguquko eBangwai (邦崴, ~1000 iminyaka), ‘inkosi’ yasendle yaseBada (巴达, ~1700 iminyaka, yabhidlika ngo-2012) kanye nomdondoshiya wasendle wakudala waseQianjiazhai ezintabeni zaseAilaoshan (千家寨, ~2700 iminyaka).
• Esimweni saseMenghai, iNanshan iphethe indawo ethambile, enezimbali nobisi lwezinyosi — okuphambene okuzolile namandla aseBulang kanye nendawo yokungena ekahle ezweni le-sheng pu’er yengadi eyodwa.