Nàkǎ

I-Naka (Nàkǎ, 那卡) iyidolobhana laseLahu ezintabeni zaseMengsong (勐宋) esifundeni saseMenghai, elikhiqiza enye yama-sheng pu-erh aseXishuangbanna alinganisele kakhulu futhi aqoqekile: anephunga elimnandi, amnandi, futhi anyinyekile. Kurejista yethu ye-名寨, ibekwe esigabeni S njengesibonelo se-‘香甜厚’ — inhlanganisela yephunga elimnandi eliphezulu, ubumnandi obufana noshukela, nomzimba ojiyile.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-sheng pu-erh (生普) — i-pu-erh eluhlaza/engavuthiwe yokuvuthwa kwemvelo.
• Isigaba: i-pu-erh njengomkhiqizo waseYunnan ovikelwe ngokwendawo (umugqa we-GB/T ‘地理标志产品 普洱茶’).
• Imvelaphi: iXishuangbanna · Menghai (西双版纳·勐海), izintaba zaseMengsong (Měngsòng, 勐宋) — okuyiMengsong yaseMenghai ngempela.
• Umphakathi wobuhlanga: idolobhana laseLahu (拉祜, Lāhù 寨).
• Isigaba kurejista: isigaba S, ukulinganisa okuyi-‘村寨级’ (izinga ledolobhana) — isigaba esinesithunzi nesekelwe endaweni, hhayi esijwayelekile.
• Isiphawulo ngendawo: kunezindawo ezimbili ezibizwa nge-‘Mengsong’ eXishuangbanna — enye isesifundeni saseJinghong, enye iseMenghai. INaka iyiMengsong yaseMenghai, futhi akumele zididaniswe ngoba isitayela setiye sezifunda ezimbili sihlukile.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

INaka idolobhana elidumile lamaLahu (拉祜, Lāhù). Ngumphakathi wobuhlanga kanye nendlela yawo yokuphila okwakhele isithunzi saleli dolobhana: isiko letiye loqalo, ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezihlahla ezindala, isitayela sendawo esaziwayo. Esimweni sezintaba zaseXishuangbanna, iNaka kudala ithathwa njengelinye ‘lamagama aziwayo’ aseMenghai, emi eduze kwamadolobhana anodumo lwaseBulang naseNannuoshan, kodwa inesimilo sayo ‘esihle’ ngokwengeziwe.

Ukubaluleka okungokomlando kweNaka kusendimeni yayo njengesibonelo sokuthi indawo epholile neyizintaba eziphakeme yaseMengsong ikwazi ukukhiqiza hhayi nje kuphela i-苦茶 eqinile, kodwa futhi netiye elithe xaxa, elilinganiselayo, elinephunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi lezinga eliphezulu.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Izinhlobo/I-Cultivar: inhlanganisela yaseYunnan yamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶种, dàyèzhǒng), ejwayelekile ku-sheng yaseXishuangbanna.
• Izihlahla: 古树 (gǔshù) — izihlahla ezindala.
• Okukhethekile ngezinto zokusetshenziswa: ezimeni ezipholile nezisezintabeni eziphakeme zaseMengsong, iqabunga lithola ukujiya nephunga elimnandi kancane futhi ngokulinganayo kunasezindaweni eziphansi ezishisayo. Izinto ezivela ezihlahleni ezindala lapha ziyigugu ngenxa yokuqoqeka kwazo: ‘厚’ ojulile (umzimba ojiyile) onephunga elimsulwa neliphezulu, ubumnandi obucacile bukashukela, ngaphandle kwalobo bubaba obusindayo obuchaza iDa Mengsong eseduze noma amadolobhana aseBulang afana neLao Man’e.
• Inani: isivande esidala sinomkhawulo, okuyinto egcina iNaka isesigabeni esiphezulu senani nesithunzi salezi zintaba.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

Izintaba zaseMengsong ngokwazo zinezintaba eziphakeme futhi ziyabanda; kurejista yethu, endaweni efanayo kukhona neDa Mengsong (大勐宋) enesimo sayo esiqinile ‘esibabayo’ (苦茶) sezintaba eziphakeme. INaka yahlukile ngokuphelele: emuva komakhelwane onokhahlo, osimaminerali futhi obandayo, ibonakala ‘njengephucukile’ futhi imnandi-jiyile, isiqongo salezo zintaba ezifanayo. Isimo sezulu esipholile, ukuphakama kanye nezivande ezindala zikhiqiza ukumnika okugxilile kodwa okungenalo ulaka — lokho okubhalwe kurejista njengephrofayili elinganelisele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

INaka ngokuyinhloko iyi-sheng pu-erh (生普, i-pu-erh eluhlaza/engavuthiwe). Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe lwezinto ezinjalo luvamile endaweni:

• ukuqoqa ama-flush avela 古树;
• 萎凋 — ukubunisa;
• 杀青 (shāqīng) — ukumisa i-enzyme nge-wok, okuvimba i-oxidation ye-enzymatic;
• 揉捻 — ukusonga;
• 晒青 (shàiqīng) — ukomiswa elangeni, okukhiqiza impahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo i-shaiqing-maocha;
• ukucindezelwa kube amacake/izitini/ama-tuo kanye nokuvuthwa kwemvelo okulandelayo.

Okunye okwenza iNaka iziqhenye ngakho yi-竹筒茶 (zhútǒngchá), ‘itiye likaloqalo’. Lolu wuhlobo lwendabuko lwedolobhana laseLahu: i-maocha ifakwa futhi icindezelwe esiqwini sikaloqalo esisha, ifudunyezwe ngomlilo, lapho uqalo lunikeza itiye inothi elinenhlaka-ezinomthi, elinokhilimu nokusanhlamvu kancane. NgeNaka, leli siko akulona nje ithuluzi lokukhangisa, kodwa liyingxenye yesiko lendawo letiye, idolobhana elaziwa ngalo.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

Iphrofayili yeNaka kurejista ichazwa ngezinhlamvu ezintathu zesiShayina — 香甜厚 — futhi zinembile ngokuphelele:

• 香 — iphunga elimsulwa neliphezulu, elivame ukuba namathoni ojuyela-izimbali nezithelo;
• 甜 — ubumnandi obunoshukela obucacile, i-回甘 ecacile (ubumnandi obubuyayo);
• 厚 — umzimba wokumnika ojiyile, osongelayo.

Isici esiyinhloko ukulinganisa. INaka ayicindezeli ngobubaba, njenge-苦茶 yaseBulang, futhi ayigxili ekukhanyeni nje kuphela; ububaba nobukhali bukhona, kodwa buvele bukhule bube ubumnandi futhi buhlale ekunambithekeni ngemva. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ukunambitheka ‘okuwumsuka’ okunethezekile kwezintaba zaseMengsong: inamandla anele ukuthi izwakale njenge-sheng yezihlahla ezindala, futhi iqoqeke ngokwanele ukuthi ibe mnandi ngokushesha.

Kohlobo lwe-zhútǒngchá (zhútǒngchá), lindela ungqimba oyinhlaka-namzimba womuthi ongaphezulu kwephrofayili eyisisekelo emnandi-jiyile.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izincomo zokuphisa (ezivamile nge-sheng yezihlahla ezindala):

• izitsha — i-gaiwan noma itiye laseYixing, ukufaka okuminyene;
• amanzi — acishe abe ngu-95 – 100 °C nge-sheng encane;
• ukufudumeza/ukuhlanza ikhasi ngokushesha, bese kuba ukuphisa okufushane okukhula kancane kancane;
• izinto ezindala zaseNaka zimelana nokuphisa okuningi, ziveza kuqala iphunga nobumnandi, bese kuba ukujiya nokunambitheka okumnandi nokuhlala isikhathi eside.

11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:

Inani lesivande esidala linomkhawulo, okuyinto egcina iNaka isesigabeni esiphezulu senani nesithunzi salezi zintaba. Izinkomba ezimbalwa ezingokoqobo zokuthi ungayididanisi iNaka nomakhelwane nomgunyathi:

1. Uma uqhathanisa ne-Da Mengsong (大勐宋). Izintaba ezifanayo, kodwa iDa Mengsong iwuhlobo lwe-高山苦茶 oluvezayo olunomgogodla obabayo; iNaka imnandi-jiyile futhi iyalinganisela. Uma enkomishini kugcwele ububaba ‘obubandayo’ obungenaso isixazululo esimnandi esisheshayo — akuyona iphrofayili yaseNaka.
2. Uma uqhathanisa namadolobhana aseBulang (布朗山). ILao Banzhang — ‘霸气’, amandla nobubaba obuqinile → 长回甘; iLao Man’e — ububaba obedlulele. INaka ithambe futhi inephunga elimnandi kakhudlwana, amandla ayo avezwa ngokujiya nobumnandi, hhayi ngobubaba obushayayo.
3. Ngendawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi yiMengsong yaseMenghai, hhayi eyaseJinghong: igama lendawo lifana, izindawo ezikhiqizayo zihlukile.
4. Ngohlobo. I-zhútǒngchá yoqalo eyiqiniso ingumaka wesiko lesici seNaka, kodwa ukupakishwa koqalo kukodwa akuqinisekisi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela ezihlahleni ezindala: ncika kusensori (iphunga elimsulwa eliphezulu, umzimba ojiyile, ubumnandi obucacile obubuyayo, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside), hhayi ‘oqalweni’ kuphela.
5. Ngokulinganisela. Isici esiyinhloko esaziwayo seNaka ukulinganisela kwe-香 / 甜 / 厚 nobubaba obuthobile, obusheshe bube ubumnandi. Lesi yisiginesha sayo kurejista ye-名寨 kanye nesizathu sesigaba S.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Njenge-sheng pu-erh yezihlahla ezindala yaseXishuangbanna, iNaka ingena ohlakeni olujwayelekile lwe-pu-erh njengomkhiqizo waseYunnan ovikelwe ngokwendawo (umugqa we-GB/T ‘地理标志产品 普洱茶’). Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka ezimbili amagatsha amabili amakhulu: i-生茶 (sheng) — engavuthiwe, yokuvuthwa kwemvelo, iNaka eyingxenye yayo; ne-熟茶 (shu) — eyeqe ekufukeni okusheshisayo ngomswakama nokufudumala (渥堆).
• Ayikho inombolo ezimele ye-GB/T ekhona yezinga ledolobhana ‘Naka’, futhi isilinganiso esiyi-‘村寨级’ (isigaba sedolobhana) kurejista iyisigaba esinesithunzi nesekelwe endaweni, hhayi esijwayelekile. Ubuqiniso lapha buqinisekiswa ngemvelaphi yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nesensori, hhayi ngezinga elihlukile legama lendawo.
• INaka iyisibonelo sokuthi isigaba sedolobhana lesilinganiso (区级 → 名山级 → 村寨级) siba nencazelo kanjani: izintaba ezifanayo zaseMengsong zikhiqiza kokubili i-苦茶 ekhohlakele, kanye nesiqongo esithe xaxa, esilinganiselayo, futhi yilokhu kokugcina okwenze idolobhana laseLahu laba igama elaziwayo le-pu-erh yaseMenghai.