liánzǐ xīn

Umnyombo wembewu ye-lotus wumhlumelo omncane oluhlaza, ofihlwe ngaphakathi kwembewu ye-lotus enothanga (Nelumbo nucifera); ukhishwa ngesandla, womiswe futhi ugaywe njengokumnika okubabayo ngendlela emangalisayo. Ohlelweni lweziphuzo lwaseShayina umkhiqizo ungesigaba se-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá) — “izithako ezithathela indawo yetiye”, okungukuthi, okumnika okwenziwa ngendlela yetiye kodwa okungaqukethe iqabunga lesihlahla setiye i-Camellia sinensis. Ngokufanele, umnyombo wembewu ye-lotus awulona itiye ngomqondo wezitshalo — yisiphuzo esizimele sekhambi. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokuvuna — izifunda zamachibi namachibi amancane enkabeni nasempumalanga-eningizimu yeShayina: i-Hunan, i-Fujian kanye ne-Jiangxi, lapho i-lotus sekuyisikhathi eside itshalwa khona ngenxa yezimbewu, futhi umnyombo uqoqwa njengempahla ehlukile. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke i-莲子芯 yaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngobabalo lwayo olucishe luhlaziyise, oluthathwa lapha njengokungesona isici esingalungile kodwa njengesici esichazayo. Ukumnika kuphuzwa kushisa futhi sekupholile, kuvame kakhulu ngenkathi yokufudumala, futhi kuphathwa njengesiphuzo “esipholileyo”, esiqandayo sasekhaya.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendabuko:

• Uhlobo: ukumnika kwezitshalo, indawo yetiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá); ngokwezitshalo — akulona itiye
• Isitshalo: i-lotus enothanga (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), umndeni we-Lotus (Nelumbonaceae)
• Ingxenye esetshenziswayo: umhlumelo wembewu — isiqalo sehlumela lesikhathi esizayo (iplumula enempande encane)
• Izifunda eziyinhloko: i-Hunan (湘莲, xiāng lián), i-Fujian (建莲, jiàn lián), i-Jiangxi (赣莲, gàn lián)

Awukho futhi awungeke ube khona umkhiqizo oqukethe iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis — isitshalo okwenziwa ngalo itiye langempela. Leli iphuzu eliyisisekelo: eShayina iziphuzo zalolu hlobo ngokusemthethweni nangokwejwayelekile zidlula njenge-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá), okungukuthi “itiye elingenayo indawo”, noma kalula njengokumnika kwezitshalo. Isitshalo ngokwaso — i-lotus enothanga — singomndeni ohlukile we-Lotus (Nelumbonaceae) futhi asiyona i-water lily noma i-water lily, nakuba sibukeka sifana nazo ngaphandle; ngaphambilini i-lotus yayifakwa phakathi kwama-water lily, kodwa isistimu yesimanje yokuhlukanisa iyayihlukanisa ngokuqiniseka njengomndeni ohlukile.

Kufanele siphawule ukuhlukana ekubhalweni. Kanye ne-莲子芯, okwahlukayo okusetshenziswa kabanzi ngu-莲子心 (ukubhala ngezinhlamvu okufanayo liánzǐ xīn), lapho u-心 engukuthi “inhliziyo”, kanti u-芯 engukuthi “umongo, induku”. Zombili zisho into efanayo — umnyombo oluhlaza wembewu.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

I-Lotus ingesinye sezitshalo ezinomqondo ojulile emasikweni aseShayina. Ihlotshaniswa nokufanekisa kobuBuddha bokuhlanzeka kanye nesithombe esijwayelekile sobukhosi: isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSong u-Zhou Dunyi (周敦颐, Zhōu Dūnyí) encwadini emfushane ethi “Ngothando Lwe-Lotus” (爱莲说, Àilián shuō) wayibabaza ngomugqa mayelana nembali ethi “iphuma odakeni kodwa ingangcoliswa yilona” (出淤泥而不染, chū yūní ér bù rǎn). Ezingeni lasekhaya, i-lotus yayiswa ngendlela esebenzayo kakhulu — njengomthombo wezimpande, izimbewu namaqabunga.

Izimbewu ze-lotus (莲子, liánzǐ) seziyinkulungwane zeminyaka ziyingxenye yokupheka kwaseShayina: ziyaphekwa emasobheni anoshukela nasemabeleni (莲子羹, liánzǐ gēng), zifakwa ekugxilweni nasezitsheni zemikhosi. Kusukela kulomkhuba wokupheka lapho umnyombo wavela khona njengomkhiqizo ozimele: lapho kulungiselelwa izimbewu ezikhethiweyo umnyombo oluhlaza obabayo wawususwa, ukuze inyama ihlale imnene futhi inoshukela omncane. Iminyombo esusiwe yayingalahlwa, kodwa yayomiswa futhi igaywe ngokuhlukile. Kumakhemisi endabuko le nto sekuyisikhathi eside ibhalwe njenge-莲子心 futhi ibhekwa njengengxenye “ephuzisayo” yembewu.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Engavuthiwe:

• Isitshalo: isitshalo sasemanzini esihlala iminyaka eminingi sinamaqabunga amakhulu ayindilinga ngaphezu kwamanzi nezimbali ezinkulu
• Ukuza kwezithelo: ngemva kokuqhakaza isigaxa semilomo yesithelo esinesimo (莲蓬, liánpeng) siyavela sinezidleke, esinye nesinye sinembewu evuthwa ngaphakathi efana ne-nut
• Impahla engavuthiwe: umhlumelo oluhlaza ophakathi kwembewu, mncane, ubude obucishe bube ngu-1–1.7 cm
• Isakhiwo somhlumelo: amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza asongekile (iplumula) nempande encane

Ngaphakathi kwembewu ye-lotus evuthiwe kukhona izimbewu ezimbili ezinkulu ezikhanyayo — yileyo nyama enesitashi edliwayo. Phakathi kwazo enkabeni kufakwe umhlumelo, futhi wona, ngokungafani nezinye izimbewu, unombala oluhlaza ngokusobala: amaqabunga amancane aqukethe i-chlorophyll ngaphambi kokuhluma. Lena induku eluhlaza yiyo i-莲子芯. Inobubalo obuyinhloko bembewu obugxilileyo, yingakho ekukhiqizweni kokudla isuswa ngenhloso.

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• I-Hunan (湘莲, xiāng lián): isikhungo somlando — isifunda kanye nedolobha lase-Xiangtan (湘潭, Xiāngtán), enye yezindawo “ze-lotus” ezaziwa kakhulu ezweni
• I-Fujian (建莲, jiàn lián): isifunda sase-Jianning (建宁, Jiànníng), esidume nge-lotus emhlophe kanye nomkhuba “wokukhipha umnyombo”
• I-Jiangxi (赣莲, gàn lián): isifunda sase-Guangchang (广昌, Guǎngchāng), sekuyisikhathi eside saziwa njengenye yezindawo eziyinhloko ze-lotus emhlophe

I-Lotus itshalwa emachibini amancane angajulile, emifuleni ekugugileyo nasemachibini akhiwe ngokukhethekile anodaka futhi amanzi afudumele amile noma ageleza kancane. Izifunda ezintathu ezibaluliwe seziyishumi leminyaka zincintisana ngedumela lembewu ye-lotus engcono kakhulu, futhi ngayinye inophawu lwempahla engavuthiwe olwaziwayo. Njengoba umnyombo uyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwembewu, izinga kanye nomthamo wokuvunwa kwawo kuncike ngokuqondile ekutheni ukutshalwa kwe-lotus embeweni kuthuthuke kangakanani esifundeni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

• Ukuvuna: izigaxa zemilomo yesithelo ezivuthiwe ziyasuswa, izimbewu zikhethwa ezidlekeni
• Ukuhlanza: izimbewu ziyagcotshwa, kususwe ikhasi
• Ukukhipha umnyombo (通心, tōngxīn): umhlumelo oluhlaza uyadudulwa ngaphandle noma ukhishwe ngesandla ngethuluzi elincane
• Ukomisa: iminyombo yomiswa ize ibe sesimweni esaphukayo
• Ukuhlunga: ephukile, emnyama kanye nezinto ezingafuneki ziyalahlwa

Isici esibalulekile somkhiqizo ukuthi empeleni ungumhambisana wokukhiqizwa “kwe-lotus emhlophe enomnyombo okhishiwe” (通心白莲, tōngxīn báilián) — izimbewu ezimnandi eziyiprimiyamu, ekukhishwe kuzo umnyombo obabayo. Imbewu ngayinye inomhlumelo owodwa omncane, futhi ukhishwa ngayinye, ngomsebenzi wesandla. Kusukela lapha — kokubili umkhiqizo omncane wempahla engavuthiwe, kanye nokuthi intengo yomkhiqizo incike ngokusobala ezindlekweni zabasebenzi nasesifundeni sendabuko, hhayi nje enqwabeni. Ukuhanjiswa ngomshini, okuthatha indawo ngokuphelele ukukhipha ngesandla emabangeni aphezulu, akuvamile kakhulu lapha.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa:

• Ukubukeka: izinduku ezincane eziluhlaza, ezivame ukugobeka kancane, ubude obucishe bube ngu-1–1.7 cm
• Umbala wokumnika: kusuka kokuluhlaza okuphaphathekileyo kuya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo
• Iphunga: elincane, utshani-njengezitshalo
• Ukunambitha: kubaba kakhulu, ububalo buqhubekela futhi buthatha isikhathi eside

Isici esiyinhloko nesilindelekile — ububalo obunamandla. Kulomkhiqizo buvamile, hhayi isici esingalungile: impahla engavuthiwe iswa khona kanye ngenxa yabo. Kokumnika kwezinga elifanele, ngemva kokuhlasela okubabayo okubukhali, kuvame ukulandela ukunambitheka okuncane okubuyayo (emasikweni etiye kubizwa ngo-回甘, huígān). Umbala wempahla engavuthiwe kufanele ube luhlaza ophilayo; umbala onsundu ophaphathekileyo ngokuvamile ubonisa into endala noma egcinwe ngendlela engafanele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-alkaloid: ngokuyinhloko ama-bisbenzylisoquinoline — i-liensinine (莲心碱, liánxīn jiǎn), i-isoliensinine (异莲心碱, yì liánxīn jiǎn) kanye ne-neferine (甲基莲心碱, jiǎjī liánxīn jiǎn)
• Ama-flavonoid nezinye izinto eziyinhlanganisela ye-phenolic
• Okunye: amanani amancane amaprotheni, izinto zamaminerali

Ama-alkaloid omhlumelo yiwona anikeza umkhiqizo ububalo bawo obuyisici futhi ayisizathu esiyinhloko sesithakazelo sesayensi kuwo. Lezi zinto zigxila ngokuqondile emnyombeni oluhlaza, hhayi enyameni enesitashi yembewu, yingakho ngokwakheka i-莲子芯 yehluke ngokusobala ezimbewini ze-lotus uqobo lwazo.

8. Izici Ezisizayo:

• Njengoba kuvame ukuqondwa emasikweni asekhaya aseShayina: umnyombo uthathwa njengokumnika “okupholileyo”, okuqandayo; ngaphakathi kwemibono yendabuko uhlotshaniswa nomqondo “wokuhlambulula ukushisa kwenhliziyo” (清心火, qīngxīn huǒ) kanye nomuzwa wokuthula ngenkathi yokushisa
• Lokho isayensi ekufundayo: ama-alkaloid omhlumelo (i-neferine, i-liensinine nezihlobene) ayahlolisiswa emsebenzini waselabhorethri nangaphambi komtholampilo; lendawo yenzalo yesayensi, hhayi umkhuba womtholampilo oqinisekisiwe

Kubalulekile ukucacisa: lomkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi. Izimangalo zezempilo, umkhiqizo ovame ukuhanjiswa nazo ekuthengiseni, zidlulela ngaphandle kwesihloko se-encyclopedia futhi akufanele zithathwe njengesithembiso sanoma yisiphi isenzo sokuphulukisa. Ezixwayisweni ezaziwa jikelele, okuvamise ukukhulunywa ngazo ngokungathathi hlangothi: ukumnika okubabayo “okupholileyo” ngokwendabuko kunconywa ukuba kusetshenziswe ngokulinganisela, kubhekwa ngokuqaphela lapho ukugaya “okubandayo” noma okubuthakathaka; ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nalapho kusetshenziswa imithi njalo, udaba lwanoma yikuphi ukumnika kwekhambi kufanele luxoxwe nodokotela. Lomqulu awuqukethe imithamo noma izincomo “zezifundo”.

9. Ukugaya:

• Isilinganiso: cishe u-1.5–3 g ku-150–200 ml wamanzi — impahla engavuthiwe ibaba kakhulu, akudingeki okuningi
• Amanzi: cishe u-90–100 °C, asondele ekubileni
• Itsha: i-gaiwan, itiye lengilazi noma inkomishi ekhanyelayo; i-thermos nayo ilungele
• Isikhathi: ukusizwa kokuqala kufushane, imizuzwana engu-20–40, ngemva kwalokho ukubambezelwa kwandiswa ngokunambitha
• Inombolo yokusizwa: ngokuvamile 2–3; ku-thermos ukubambezelwa okukodwa okuthathe isikhathi eside kwanele
• Ukuphakelwa okubandayo: kufanelekile — kungagaywa, kupholiswe futhi kuphuzwe kubanda lapho kushisa, noma kugxiliswe emanzini abandayo amahora ambalwa

Kunengqondo ukuqala ngenani elincane: ububalo kulula ukubandlulula, futhi ukubuhlambulula kunzima kakhulu ngemva kwalokho kunokwenezela impahla engavuthiwe. Kulabo abafuna ukuthambisa ukunambitha, emasikweni aseShayina kuvamile ukuhlanganisa umnyombo ne-chrysanthemum (菊花, júhuā), amajikijolo e-goji (枸杞, gǒuqǐ) noma i-licorice (甘草, gāncǎo), ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa uju oluncane noma ushukela oyizicucu. Abathanda kakhulu bona baphuza ukumnika ngaphandle kwezithako, ngenxa yobubalo uqobo kanye nokunambitheka kwangemva okuhlanzekile.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: indawo eyomileyo, epholileyo, emnyama; isiqukathi — esivalekileyo
• Izingozi: umswakama futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isikhutha; iphunga langaphandle, impahla engavuthiwe eyomileyo elidonsa kalula
• Isikhathi: ekugcineni okomile ihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uhlaza luyafiphala, futhi iphunga liyancipha

Umnyombo udonsa umswakama futhi uphukeka kalula, ngakho-ke ugcinwa ugwema umswakama futhi uhlaliswa ngokuhlukile emikhiqizweni enephunga. Ukufiphala kuya kokuphuzi okunsundu kanye nokubonakala kwephunga elikhuntile — kuyisignali yokuthi impahla engavuthiwe ilahlekelwe ubusha.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

• Izinga lenani: intengo yokuthengisa wonke incike kakhulu esifundeni, ezingeni nasezingxenyeni zomsebenzi wesandla; impahla engavuthiwe evamile ngokuvamile ayibizi kakhulu uma ibalwa ngokwesisindo, kanti ukukhethwa okukhethiwe ngesandla okuvela ezifundeni ezaziwayo kubiza kakhulu. Inkombandlela eqondile yomhlinzeki mayelana nalesisikhundla ayilungisiwe, ngakho-ke akufanele ukunikeza isibalo esithile
• Indlela impahla engavuthiwe yangempela ebukeka ngayo: izinduku ezincane ezipheleleyo eziluhlaza zombala ophilayo olinganayo, eziphukayo lapho zomile, ezinobubalo obucacile nobuqhubekelayo
• Yini esetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho okufanele kubhekwe: into endala, ehlale isikhathi eside ilahlekelwe umbala nokunambitha; impahla engavuthiwe enezinto eziphukile eziyimvuthuluka nezinhlayiya zangaphandle; ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo zendawo ezehlukene ngaphansi komfanekiso “wesifunda” esiyiprimiyamu

Lapho ukhetha, ubheka umbala (oluhlaza ogqamile, hhayi onsundu), ubupheleleyo bezinduku nokuvezwa kobubalo: kumpahla engavuthiwe ephephukile noma ehlanjululiwe bunciphile. Indabuko emenyezelwa kakhulu (湘莲, 建莲, 赣莲) ngokwayo ayisona isiqinisekiso, njengoba ukuhlola isifunda ngokubukeka kunzima.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Umhlumelo oluhlaza uqukethe i-chlorophyll ungaphakathi kwembewu engakahlumi — into eyivelakancane emhlabeni wezimbewu.
• Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwezimbewu ze-lotus kungene kwisayensi: amacala aziwayo wokuhluma ngempumelelo kwezimbewu ezindala, ubudala bazo ngokulinganisa bulinganiselwa emakhulwini nangaphezu kwewaka leminyaka; i-lotus isibe yisibonelo esiyisisekelo sokongiwa kwempahla yezimbewu.
• Umkhiqizo ongumhambisana: ngezindlela eziningi i-莲子芯 ikhona njengomphumela ongemuhle wokukhiqizwa “kwe-lotus emhlophe enoshukela enomnyombo okhishiwe” (通心白莲) — lokho okususwa ngenxa yokunambitha kwezimbewu, lapha kuba yimpahla ezimele.
• Umdlalo wezinhlamvu zesiShayina: ukubhalwa kwe-莲子芯 ne-莲子心 kuhlalisana, futhi umehluko phakathi “kwenduku” “nenhliziyo” ukhombisa umbono okabili wento efanayo — owobuchwepheshe nowomfanekiso.

Ekuphetheni:

Umnyombo wembewu ye-lotus ungummeleli okhombisayo wohlobo lwezindawo zetiye zaseShayina: isiphuzo esigaywa futhi siphakwe ngendlela yetiye, kodwa esingenabo ubudlelwano nesihlahla setiye futhi sizinze esikweni laso, indawo nobuchwepheshe besandla. Ububalo baso — abuyona into engalungile, kodwa ingqikithi, futhi yikho kanye okwakhiwe ngakho indlela yokugaya, kanye nemibono “ngokumnika okupholileyo” kwasehlobo.

Ukucabangela lomkhiqizo kufanele kungenziwe ngesandulelo esibukela phansi “esingenangqondo”: unomlando waso, ogxile ezifundeni ze-lotus zase-Hunan, Fujian kanye ne-Jiangxi, isimo saso sempahla engavuthiwe kanye nengqondo yaso yokusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwethembeka kudinga ukugcina ukwahlukanisa kucacile — ngokwezitshalo akulona itiye, kodwa ukumnika kwezitshalo kokudla, futhi noma yiziphi izithembiso zezempilo zokuthengisa zihlala zingaphandle kwalokho okungashiwo esihlokweni esiyinkomba.

the teas described here are available from teamotea