lǎo màn é

ILao Man’e (lǎo màn é 老曼峨) iyidolobhana lasendulo lamaBulang elisentabeni iBulang Mountain eMenghai, elinikeze igama lelinye lama-puerh aziwa kakhulu eXishuangbanna: itiye lapho ukubaba okwedlulele kuguquka kube ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumsulwa futhi okubuyayo (huígān 回甘). Lapha kuhlukaniswa “ubuso” obubili bendawo eyodwa — iqabunga elibabayo (kǔchá 苦茶) kanye neqabunga elimnandi (tiánchá 甜茶).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-sheng puerh (生普, i-puerh eluhlaza/eliluhlaza).
• Isigaba: CHINA-PUERH TEA.
• Imvelaphi: idolobhana iLao Man’e, isifunda iMenghai (勐海), iSifundazwe Esizimele saseXishuangbanna Dai (西双版纳), intaba iBulang-shan (布朗山, bùlǎngshān), eYunnan, eChina.
• Izinhlobo/I-Cultivar: i-Camellia sinensis var. assamica enamaqabunga amakhulu (云南大叶种), impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni ezindala (gǔshù 古树).
• Izinga: ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezigaba ezijwayelekile (isifunda → igama lentaba → igama ledolobhana), iLao Man’e ingaphansi kwezinga S le-dolobhana — lokhu kuyisiqongo samadolobhana aziwayo, impahla eyindings, eyivelakancane, kodwa nokho ehlele ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphezulu ngokuphelele (S+).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

ILao Man’e iyindawo yokuhlala yesizwe samaBulang (布朗族), esinye sezizwe zasendulo kakhulu ezitshala itiye kulesi sifunda. Ngokwesiko, amaBulang abhekwa njengabagcini beliko lasendulo kakhulu lokutshala itiye kulezi zintaba; kubo, ukutshala itiye akuhlukaniseki nendlela yokuphila kanye nenkumbulo yezomnotho yentaba. Izingadi ezindala zedolobhana ziyingxenye yomugqa omude, ongaphazamiseki wokutshala itiye kwamaBulang eBulang-shan.

Ngokungafani neLao Banzhang (老班章), eyaba “yinkosi” yemakethe nophawu lwamandla nentengo ephezulu, iLao Man’e yazenzela enye indima — indings yokubaba, lowo “mnambitheka obabayo” oyisibonelo osetshenziswa ngabathanda itiye ukuqhathanisa amandla nobunjalo bama-puerh aseBulang. Lokhu kwehluka kwezintaba — “inkosi yamandla” kanye “nenkosi yokubaba” okumi eduze — yikhona okwakha idumela laseBulang-shan sisonke.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Isici esiyinhloko seLao Man’e, esiyihlukanisa nomakhelwane bayo, wukuhlalisana kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zeqabunga letiye ezingadini ezifanayo ezindala.

• I-苦茶 (kǔchá) — “itiye elibabayo”. Lolu wuphawu oluyigugu ledolobhana kanye nempahla eyenza iLao Man’e ibe yigugu kubaqoqi. Lapha ukubaba akusona isici esingalungile, kodwa kuyisici sohlobo lwetiye: okukhulu, okucinene, “okuklwebhayo” ekuchithekeni kokuqala. Okubalulekile yilokho okulandela ngemuva: ukubaba kuncibilika ngokushesha bese kuthathwa ukunambitheka okumnandi okunamandla, okumsulwa nokubuyayo kwangemuva.
• I-甜茶 (tiánchá) — “itiye elimnandi”. Iqabunga elinephrofayili ethambile, eyindilinga ngokuphawulekayo kanye nokubaba okusesilinganisweni. Alikashaqisi kakhulu futhi “liyaphuzeka” kakhudlwana esemncane, lisondele kakhulu kwisitayela esijwayelekile saseBulang.

Impahla eluhlaza — ivela ezihlahleni ezindala (gǔshù 古树).

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Idolobhana liseMenghai County (勐海) eXishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳), esiqongweni seBulang-shan (布朗山, bùlǎngshān) — esinye sezindawo ezibalulekile zempahla eluhlaza ye-sheng puerh. Yiso lesi siqongo esaveza iLao Banzhang (老班章), iXin Banzhang (新班章) neBanpen (班盆); iLao Man’e ingumakhelwane wabo okhilelweni olufanayo, kodwa inobunjalo bayo bokunambitheka obuhluke ngokuphelele.

IBulang-shan iqukethe inhlabathi ene-laterite ne-red-yellow emadwaleni agugulekile, isimo sezulu se-monsoon esishisayo esinokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwezinkathi ezinomswakamo nezomile, inkungu evamile kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa phakathi kobusuku nemini. Izingadi ezindala zetiye lapha zihlakazeke phakathi kwehlathi futhi azakhi amasimu okutshala uhlobo olulodwa — izihlahla zikhula zizungezwe ezinye izimila, okuyikhona kwakha “umoya wasentabeni” (shānyěqì 山野气) wempahla eluhlaza yendawo: ojulile, ocebile, onesakhiwo esibonakalayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

ILao Man’e iyi-sheng puerh (生普), futhi ukuvezwa kwayo kulandela uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile balesi sigaba:

1. Ukuvuna (cǎizhāi 采摘) — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili noma elilodwa evela ezihlahleni ezindala, ikakhulukazi okuvunwa entwasahlobo.
2. Ukushwabadelisa (wěidiāo 萎凋) — ukushwabadelisa iqabunga elisha ukuze kwehliswe umswakama.
3. Ukwenza kungashintshi / “ukubulala ukuluhlaza” (shāqīng 杀青) — ukushisisa ebhodweni, okumisa ukuvutshelwa; kwe-sheng puerh lokhu kwenziwa ngobumnene ukuze kugcinwe amandla okuguga isikhathi eside.
4. Ukusonga (róuniǎn 揉捻) — ukwakheka kwezingcezu zetiye kanye nokucekelwa kwezindonga zamangqamuzana.
5. Ukomisa elangeni (shàiqīng 晒青) — ukomiswa elangeni, okuveza umkhiqizo osaphakathi máochá (毛茶) walolo hlobo oluyisisekelo se-puerh.

Ngemuva kwalokho i-máochá icindezelwa ibe yizinhlobo zendabuko — ikakhulukazi izinkwa eziyizicaba (bǐng 饼). Okusemqoka wukuthi kwe-sheng puerh akusetshenziswa “ukunqwabelana okumanzi” (wòduī 渥堆), okuyisici se-shu puerh: lonke igugu leLao Man’e lisekugugeni okungokwemvelo, okuhamba kancane.

I-puerh njengesigaba esinokuvikelwa kwendawo esemthethweni ilawulwa yizinga likazwelonke le-PRC le-puerh (地理标志产品 普洱茶). ILao Man’e iyingxenye yohlobo lwe 生茶 (sheng puerh) — olwenziwe ngempahla eluhlaza yamaqabunga amakhulu e-Camellia sinensis var. assamica (云南大叶种), ukomiswa elangeni, ngaphakathi kwemingcele yendawo yaseYunnan evumelekile, lapho iXishuangbanna kanye nesifunda iMenghai kuyingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isichasiso “sedolobhana” uqobo lwalo (老曼峨, njenge 老班章) siyisigaba semvelaphi yemakethe nedumela ngaphakathi kwezinga, hhayi uhlobo olulawulwayo olwehlukile: ukulawula lapha kusekelwe ekuthembekeni kumthombo, hhayi enombolweni yehlukile ye-GOST.

6. Izici Zokuzwa (Ngokwezitho Zomzimba):

Iphrofayili yeLao Man’e (苦茶) yakheka njengedrama enezigaba ezimbalwa:

• Iphunga — elicebile, elinamathoni ojú (蜜香 mìxiāng) phezu kwesisekelo esicinene semifino.
• Ukuhlasela — ukubaba okuphawulekayo, okugxilile, ukuthelwa okucinene “okusindayo”.
• Ukuguquka — ukubaba akuhlali: kuhamba ngokushesha, kushiye ukunambitheka okumnandi okunamandla nokuzinzile emuva kanye nomuzwa “wamandla etiye” (cháqì 茶气).
• Ukunambitheka okusalayo emuva — okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumsulwa, “nokunanela” okumnandi.

Yilokhu kuhamba kwendlela “ukubaba okunamandla → huígān onamandla” okwenza iLao Man’e ibe yindingis yesitayela esibabayo kanye nempahla eyintandokazi yezinhlanganisela: ngisho ingxenye encane yengeza ukujula namandla ngokushaqisayo. Inguqulo ye-甜茶 inikeza inkomishi ezwakala ilingana kakhudlwana, ethambile futhi efinyeleleka lula.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye (Ukuphuza):

Izincomo zokuthelwa okuningi (ifomethi ye-gōngfū):

• Isitsha — i-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot; ukuphuma okuphezulu kweqabunga, 7 – 8 g ku-100 – 120 ml.
• Amanzi — acishe abe ngu-95 – 100 °C; kwe-sheng puerh, amanzi abilayo aphelele afanelekile.
• Ukugeza — ukuhlanza okukodwa noma okubili okusheshayo “ukuze kuvuswe” iqabunga elicindezelwe.
• Ukuthelwa okuphindaphindiwe — okokuqala okwemizuzwana, bese kuba nokwelulwa kancane kancane. ILao Man’e encane (苦茶) kungcono ukuyiphatha ngokuthelwa okufushane: lokhu kugcina ukubaba ngaphansi kokulawula futhi kugqamise ukuguqukela ebumnandini.
• Ukuqina — impahla eluhlaza yedolobhana elidala imelana nokwenziwa kwetiye okuningi, “ingaphefumuli”.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka yokuguga, ukubaba kwe-sheng encane kuyathamba, bese ubumnandi bojú kanye nokujula kokuthelwa kuza phambili — lokhu kuyisizathu esiwujwayelekile esivuna ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kwempahla enjalo.

11. Intengo Nokungelona Iqiniso:

Izinkomba ezimbalwa ezisiza ukubona ubunjalo bangempela beLao Man’e futhi ingadidaniswa nomakhelwane bayo:

• Ukubaba njengohlobo, hhayi njengesici. ELao Man’e (苦茶) ukubaba kufanele kube namandla, kodwa “kunomqondo”: kuhamba ngokushesha bese kuthathwa ubumnandi. Uma ukubaba kumi kungathi wudonga futhi kungashintshi kube i-huígān —- lokho, kungenzeka kube yimpahla eluhlaza engekho emthethweni noma enziwe kabi, hhayi ubunjalo bangempela bedolobhana.
• Umehluko kwiLao Banzhang. ILao Banzhang nayo inamandla, kodwa iphrofayili yayo “iwukugcwala” okunamandla okunethoni yojú nokubuya okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho kubaba okuqhamile okwedlulele okuhlukanisa iLao Man’e. ILao Man’e imayelana nokubaba nokuxazululwa kwakho; iLao Banzhang imayelana namandla nokulinganisela.
• I-苦茶 ngokumelene ne-甜茶. Ngaphakathi kwedolobhana uqobo, iqabunga elimnandi lithambe ngokubonakalayo futhi liyindilinga; uma “indingis ebabayo” iphuzeka kalula futhi icishe ingabi nakubaba, phambi kwakho kungenzeka kube yi-甜茶 (noma ingxube), hhayi i-kǔchá yakudala.
• Izimpawu zesihlahla esidala. Ukuthelwa okucinene, okunamafutha, “umoya wasentabeni” ophawulekayo, ukuqina okujulile ekuthelweni okuphindaphindiwe kanye ne-cháqì ebonakalayo —- yizinkomba zempahla eluhlaza ye-gǔshù yekhwalithi, hhayi izitshalo ezisencane.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

ILao Man’e ayilona itiye lokwethulwa okulula, kodwa ingeyokuqonda ukuthi i-sheng puerh enkulu yakhiwe kanjani: lapha ukubaba akusona isiphetho, kodwa kuyindlela eya ebumnandini.