huā chá pī

Ithela le-jasmine liqala hhayi ngembali, kodwa ngesisekelo — huā chá pī (花茶坯), itiye eliluhlaza elilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile elizokwamukela iphunga le-jasmine. Le atikili imayelana nesigaba se-hōngqīng (烘青绿茶) njengempahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo kanye nendawo esiyithathayo ekuhlanganeni kwamatiye agaywe kabusha — zài jiāgōng (再加工).

Kuyini i-花茶坯

Igama elithi huā chá pī ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi «isigxivizo (坯) setiye lezimbali». Akulona uhlobo lwentengiso oluzimele olwenzelwe ukugaywa okuqondile, kodwa inhloso yokusebenza: iqembu letiye eliluhlaza, elenziwe futhi lakhethwa ngenjongo yokugcwaliswa kwephunga — ngokuvamile ele-jasmine. Ku-eksisi yethu yezinhlobo zokuthengisa zetiye eliluhlaza, isisekelo esinjalo sidlula ngaphansi kwesihlonzi sesigaba esiyisisekelo hōngqīng (烘青, «elibhakwayo»), futhi umkhiqizo oqediwe — mòlì huā chá (茉莉花茶, itiye le-jasmine) — usuvele ungesesigaba se-zài jiāgōng.

Umehluko oyinhloko we-huā chá pī etiyeni eliluhlaza eliphuzwayo ukuthi iphunga lalo uqobo licindezelwe ngamabomu. Ekuphathweni okubhakwayo kwe-hōngqīng, iphunga liphansi kunalelo le-chǎoqīng (炒青) elenziwe ngepani — futhi yilesi sakhiwo esenza libe yilokho okufanelekayo: iqabunga letiye akumele liphikisane nembali, kodwa kumele limunce futhi ligcine iphunga layo.

Indawo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

Indawo yokukhiqiza isisekelo se-huā chá pī ibanzi futhi ixhumeke ezindaweni ezinkulu zetiye eliluhlaza: i-Fujian (闽), i-Zhejiang (浙), i-Anhui (皖) ne-Sichuan (川). Lokhu kuchazeka ngokuhleleka kokuhamba kwezimpahla kanye nomlando — isisekelo kumele sikhiqizwe lapho kunempahla eluhlaza eningi yamatiye eluhlaza, kanye nesiko lokulandelayo lokunikeza iphunga ngembali.

Ngokungafani namatiye aluhlaza aziwayo anemibhalo yegama (Túnlǜ 屯绿, Wùlǜ 婺绿 kanye namanye amagama wendawo okuthengiswa ngawo 商品名), isisekelo se-jasmine asithengiswa ngemvelaphi evelele. Inani laso — elezobuchwepheshe: ukulingana kweqabunga, ubumsulwa, ikhono lokwamukela nokugcina iphunga. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwempahla eluhlaza kugxile emsebenzini, hhayi «kusiginisha sendawo».

Ukusuka ku-炒青 kuye ku-烘青: kungani kungokubhakwayo okuyisisekelo

Ekuhlukaniseni itiye eliluhlaza ngendlela yokugcina yokuliphatha, kugqanyiswa, phakathi kokunye, i-chǎoqīng (炒青, elenziwe egunjini lokugazinga) ne-hōngqīng (烘青, elibhakwayo). Amatiye athosiwe akhiqiza iphunga eliqhakazile le-castnut (栗香) kanye nokugcwala okuminyene, okucebile (醇厚) — lokhu kuyisimo setiye eliluhlaza eliningi elenzelwe ukugaywa okuqondile kanye ne-“meicha” ethunyelwa phesheya. Ukubhakwa kwe-hōngqīng kuveza isimo esithambile, esingenazo kangako izimpawu ‘zokugazingwa’ kanye — nokubalulekile — nephunga laso uqobo eliphansi.

Iphunga eliphansi uqobo elenza i-hōngqīng ibe yisisekelo esithandwayo: iqabunga limunca izinto eziphunga eziguquguqukayo ze-jasmine lapho lithintana nembali izikhathi eziningi futhi lizigcine ngaphandle kokungqubuzana nephunga laso lokugazinga. Uma kufushane: i-chǎoqīng yenzelwe ukuzwakala yona, i-hōngqīng — yamukela izwi lomunye.

Ikhonkco Lokuxhumanisa 再加工: kwenzakala ngesisekelo

Lapha i-huā chá pī idlulela esigabeni se-zài jiāgōng — amatiye “agaywe kabusha”, okungukuthi, lawo enziwa ngetiye eselivele lenziwe ngokuliphatha okungeziwe. Itiye le-jasmine — liyindlela ethi “isisekelo se-hōngqīng + ukugcwaliswa ngembali” (烘青坯 + 窨花).

Inhliziyo yobuchwepheshe benqubo — i-yìnhuā (窨花), ukugcwaliswa kwesisekelo setiye izendlalelo ngezimbali ze-jasmine ezintsha. Umqondo ulula futhi unemithetho eqinile:

• itiye-sisekelo elisha kanye nezimbali ze-jasmine ezisanda kuqhakaza zibekwa ndawonye, ukuze iqabunga, phakathi namahora, limunce amaphunga ashintshashintshayo embali evulekayo;
• imbali esiphelelwe amandla iyasuswa, isisekelo siyomiswa uma kunesidingo, sibuyisele ikhono laso lokumunca;
• umjikelezo uyaphindeka — uma ziningi izikhathi zokugcwaliswa, iphunga lijula futhi liqina futhi izinga letiye eliqediwe liba phezulu.

Kanjaloke itiye eliluhlaza eliyisisekelo, ngokwalo eliphansi ngephunga, liguqulwa libe mòlì huā chá — umkhiqizo wesigaba esihluke ngokuphelele kanye nenhloso yomthengi. Lena yincazelo yekhonkco le-zài jiāgōng: itiye lokuqala eliluhlaza ‘alithuthukiswa’ phakathi kwesigaba salo uqobo, kodwa lidluliselwa esigabeni esisha ngokuthintana nembali.

Ukumiswa Kwamazinga kanye Nendawo Ekuhlukaniseni

Ohlelweni lwesiShayina, itiye lihlukaniswa yizinhlobo eziyisisekelo ngokwezinga lokugaywa nokuvutshelwa kanye nokucutshungulwa, futhi ngokwehlukana kugqanyiswa isigaba se-zài jiāgōng chá (再加工茶) — amatiye agaywe kabusha, okuyiwo itiye le-jasmine elingaphansi kwawo. Kanjalo, i-huā chá pī (isisekelo esiluhlaza esibhakwayo) ingeyesigaba setiye eliluhlaza, kanti i-mòlì huā chá (i-jasmine eqediwe) — ingeyesigaba samatiye agaywe kabusha. Lokhu kuba yizigaba ezimbili kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe: impahla enye esesigabeni sayo esingavuthiwe, ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ingena ezigabeni ezehlukene zokuhlukanisa.

I-Nambitheka NokuGaywa

Isisekelo uqobo i-huā chá pī sesimo saso esimsulwa — siyitiye eliluhlaza elibhakwayo elizothile: lihlanzekile, lithambile, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okuqhakazile kokugazinga kwe-chǎoqīng, linesizinda esingathathi hlangothi. Lokhu kungathathi hlangothi — kuwubuhle baso njengempahla eluhlaza, hhayi ukukhubazeka.

Etiyeni le-jasmine eliqediwe, isisekelo sibhekelela ‘umzimba’ wokugxilisiwe kanye nesizinda lapho iphunga lembali livela khona: itiye elijiyile liba lithambile, linoshukela omncane, ngaphandle kokubaba okunamandla kwetiye eliluhlaza. Ukuze kugaywe itiye elifana naleli, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa amanzi ashisisa ngokumaphakathi (ukuze kungapheli umoya iphunga lembali elicolekile ngamanzi abilayo aqine kakhulu) kanye nokuthelela okufushane, okuvumela ukufunda iphunga izendlalelo. Isisekelo sezinga elihle siyakwazi ukumelana nokuthelela izikhathi ezimbalwa, kancane kancane sikhulule kokubili ingxenye yephunga lembali kanye neyasoyelo setiye eliluhlaza.

Umlando Namasiko

Indawo yokuqalwa kwetiye le-jasmine ku-eksisi yethu iqondiswa ngokuqondile e-Fuzhou (福州) — isikhungo somlando sokukhiqiza i-mòlì huā chá, lapho kwavela khona amasu akudala okugcwalisa isisekelo ngembali. Namuhla isikhungo esikhulu sokukhiqiza yi-Hengxian (横县) e-Guangxi, esiphenduke indawo yokukhiqiza enamandla; ukukhiqiza okubalulekile kukhona nase-Sichuan (四川).

Lesi simo sendawo sikhombisa ukwahlukaniswa komsebenzi phakathi kwekhonkco le-zài jiāgōng: isisekelo esiluhlaza se-hōngqīng singakhiqizwa kwezinye izindawo (i-Fujian, i-Zhejiang, i-Anhui, i-Sichuan), kanti ukugcwaliswa kwaso nge-jasmine kuhlangana ezindaweni ezikahle zokutshala i-jasmine kanye nomsebenzi wesizini ngembali ephilayo. Itiye le-jasmine ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokomlando lisebenza emakethe yasekhaya, nasekuthunyelweni phesheya — lokhu kungenye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu ‘zephunga’ zetiye laseShayina.

Ungalihlukanisa Kanjani Futhi Ungalididanisi

Izinkomba ezimbalwa, eziphuma esimweni se-huā chá pī:

• Isisekelo ≠ umkhiqizo oqediwe. I-Huā chá pī — isigxivizo esingakaqedwa, isigxivizo esiluhlaza esisebenzayo; i-mòlì huā chá — itiye eseligaywe kabusha elinephunga lembali eligcwele. Zilula ukudideka ngamagama, kodwa zisezigabeni ezihlukene zokuhlukanisa.
• Elibhakwayo, hhayi elenziwe egunjini lokugazinga. Uma phambi kwakho kunempahla enephunga layo uqobo eliphansi — lesi yisisekelo se-hōngqīng esijwayelekile, hhayi i-chǎoqīng enomsindo wokugazinga yokuphuzwa okuqondile.
• Iphunga livela embalini, hhayi esinikeza-phungeni. Etiyeni le-jasmine elisezingeni eliphezulu, iphunga — liwumphumela we-yìnhuā ephindaphindiwe, ukugcwaliswa ngembali ephilayo, hhayi isengezo. Isisekelo esihle sithwala ngokwethembeka iphunga lembali «lisuka ngaphakathi» kweqabunga futhi siligcine ekutheleleni okumbalwa.
• Inhloso ifundeka ngomqondo. Isisekelo sikhethwa futhi sihlolwe ngekhono laso lokwamukela nokugcina iphunga, hhayi ngemvelaphi ‘yegama’ — ngokungafani namagama wendawo okuthengiswa ngawo 商品名, athandwa kanye ngenxa yesimo sawo uqobo.

Kunjalo-ke i-huā chá pī ithola ukuba iqhawe elithule, kodwa elibalulekile: isisekelo esiluhlaza, ukuzithiba kwaso — kuyisimo lapho i-jasmine izozwakala khona ngamandla ayo onke, futhi itiye uqobo lizokwenza ukudlulela emhlabeni we-zài jiāgōng.