gòngxī

I-贡熙 (gòngxī) ingelinye lamabanga omlando athunyelwa ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza laseShayina eliwuhlobo oluthosiwe (chǎoqīng, 炒青), elaziwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-18 ngegama elithi Hyson futhi elihlobene kakhulu negama elithi 熙春 (xīchūn). Namuhla, lokhu kuyisigaba sempahla ngaphakathi komndeni wakwa-meicha no-zhucha, hhayi itiye elizimele.

Indawo ohlelweni lwamatiye aluhlaza

Ukuze uqonde i-贡熙, kufanele ibekwe ohlwini lokuhlelwa kwezimpahla. Umugqa omkhulu wetiye eliluhlaza elithunyelwa ngaphandle eShayina yilemikhaya emibili emikhulu yetiye elithosiwe: i-meicha (眉茶, méichá) enamaqabunga amade asontekile, kanye ne-zhucha (珠茶, zhūchá, i-gunpowder) enamaqabunga asontekwe abe yizimbulunga. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa nokuhlungwa kwetiye eliqatha (máochá), ifekthri ihlukanisa inqwaba ngezigaba ezilinganisiwe.

Emugqeni we-meicha, amabanga ahlelwa ngokwehla ngobukhulu nokulingana kweqabunga: 特珍 (tèzhēn, i-Special Chunmee), 珍眉 (zhēnméi, i-Chunmee), 凤眉 (fèngméi), 雨茶 (yǔchá), 贡熙 (gòngxī) no-秀眉 (xiùméi). Emugqeni we-zhucha, ngokuhambisana, kuhlukaniswa izingxenyana zazo siqu — i-gunpowder uqobo, kanye ne-雨茶, 贡熙 kanye ne-秀眉. Kanjalo, i-贡熙 akuyona indawo yokutshala noma indlela yokucubungula, kodwa indawo esisefweni sokuhlunga: okungenye yezinsalela ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwetiye elide neliyindilinga.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-贡熙 (i-Hyson) ne-雨茶 (yǔchá, i-Young Hyson). I-雨茶 iyinsalela emfishane esontekile yokuhlanza, ngokomlando eyayihanjiswa eYurophu ngegama elithi Young Hyson. Lamabanga angomakhelwane ochungechungeni lobuchwepheshe obufanayo futhi avame ukukhulunywa ndawonye.

Indawo yokutshala kanye nomsuka

Njengebanga lokuhlunga, i-贡熙 ayihlanganiswe nesifunda esisodwa — inikezwa izifunda ezikhiqiza i-meicha ne-zhucha. Inhliziyo yomlando yalokhu kukhiqiza iwunxantathu wezifundazwe i-Zhejiang, i-Anhui, ne-Jiangxi (浙皖赣), lapho kwakheka khona amatiye aluhlaza athunyelwa ngaphandle:

• 屯绿 (túnlǜ, i-Tunlu) evela e-Tunxi nase-Xiuning e-Anhui — i-meicha yomlando yase-Huizhou ethunyelwa ngaphandle, eyayiyingxenye yombhangqwana odumile othi «祁红屯绿» (i-qihong ne-tunlu).
• 婺绿 / 饶绿 (wùlǜ / ráolǜ) evela e-Wuyuan nase-Shangrao e-Jiangxi — okuthiwa ngayo «茶不到婺源不香» («itiye aliyukuba nephunga elimnandi uma lingafikanga e-Wuyuan»).
• 遂绿 / 杭绿 / 温绿 (suìlǜ / hánglǜ / wēnlǜ) — ama-meicha amakhulu ase-Zhejiang.
• 平水珠茶 (píngshuǐ zhūchá) evela esifundeni sase-Pingshui eduze kwase-Shaoxing (e-Zhejiang) — uphawu lwe-gunpowder, olukhiqiza ekuhlanzweni kwayo ibanga le 贡熙.

Lezi zindawo zisendaweni eshisayo enamagquma eMpumalanga yeShayina enenkungu, inhlabathi ene-asidi eningi, kanye nezikhathi zonyaka ezicacile — izimo ezakha iphrofayili eqinile, enjenge-cashew nut (lìxiāng, 栗香) yetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe.

Izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nama-cultivar

I-贡熙 ayihlotshaniswa nohlobo olulodwa lwezihlahla ezikhethiwe. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-meicha ne-zhucha ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokwesiko zivela ezinhlotsheni zendawo ezixubile (群体种) zezifunda zetiye ezisohlwini. Njengoba i-贡熙 yakheka esigabeni sokuhlanzwa kusuka enqwabeni yamaqabunga, ubuso bayo bohlobo oluthile bunqunywa kakhulu yingxenye yeqabunga nesifunda, kunokuba kube wuhlobo oluthile olukhethiwe. Lokhu kwehlukanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza akhethekile, lapho uhlobo nendawo kuchazwe ngokuqinile.

Ubuchwepheshe

Ukucubungula kulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile lwamatiye aluhlaza athosiwe (chǎoqīng). Ekukhiqizweni okuyisisekelo kwetiye eliqatha, iqabunga lihamba ekumisweni ngokushisa (杀青), ukusonteka, nokuthosiwa komiso. I-Meicha ibonakala ngokukhiqizwa kweqabunga elide elithosiwe (长炒青), kanti i-zhucha ngeqabunga eliyindilinga elithosiwe (圆炒青), lapho iqabunga lisongwa libe yizimbulunga eziqinile.

Isigaba esibalulekile ekwaveleni kwe-贡熙 ukuhlanzwa (精制) kwetiye eliqatha. Lapha kusetshenziswa:

• ukuhlunga ngezihlungo nokulinganisa (筛分),
• ukuhlukanisa ngefeni ngokwesindo nokuminyana (风扇),
• ukucosha okungcolile ngesandla nangomshini (拣剔),
• ukomisa okokugcina ‘ukushaya ngomlilo’ (扑火).

Phakathi nale nqubo, inqwaba ihlukaniswa ngamabanga ngokobude, ugqinsi, nokulingana kokusonteka. I-贡熙 ikhishwa njengenye yezingxenyana, ethatha emgqeni we-meicha indawo phakathi kwe-雨茶 kanye nensalela elula encane i-秀眉.

Amazinga kanye nezigaba

I-贡熙 ingeyesistimu yezigaba zezimpahla zetiye eliluhlaza elithunyelwa ngaphandle, lapho izinhlobo ze-meicha ne-zhucha zihlelwa ngokwehla kwekhwalithi nosayizi. Ngaphakathi kwe-meicha, ukuhleleka kunje: 特珍 → 珍眉 → 凤眉 → 雨茶 → 贡熙 → 秀眉. Kwe-zhucha, ngokuhambisana, kuba ne-gunpowder uqobo, 雨茶, 贡熙 ne-秀眉.

Izinombolo ezithile zamazinga akhona kanye namakhodi okuhweba (唛号) e-贡熙 azikashiwo kumthombo oyinhloko, ngakho-ke lapha ziyekwa ngamabomu. Kwanele ukugcina umgomo: i-贡熙 iyibanga elihlanziwe, hhayi umkhiqizo oyisisekelo, futhi indawo yayo esikhundleni esiphakeme inqunywa umphumela wokuhlunga.

Ukunambitha nokuphisa

Iphrofayili ye 贡熙 izuza njengefa isimo esijwayelekile setiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe lesifunda sakhona. Iphalethi eyisisekelo ye-meicha — iphunga le-cashew nut (lìxiāng), iqabunga elomile elicwebezelayo ngokuluhlaza (lǜrùn, 绿润), umhluzo osuthi futhi oqinile (chúnhòu, 醇厚). Emabangeni e-zhucha, kuhlala ukuqina kokumelana nokuphisa izikhathi eziningi (耐泡), okuyifa elitholwa nengxenye ye-贡熙 evela etiyeni eliyindilinga.

Izinkombandlela eziphathekayo zokuphisa ngetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe lalolu hlobo:

• amanzi acishe abe ngu-80 – 85 °C, ukuze kungashiswa ukuluhlaza kube kumunyu;
• isikalo esilinganiselwe, ubude besikhathi esijwayelekile sokugcina emanzini;
• izigcawu ezimbalwa ezimfishane — iqabunga eliqinile elisontozelwe livuleka kancane kancane.

Njengoba i-贡熙 yakheka njengempahla enkulu ethunyelwa ngaphandle, inani layo ngokomlando lalisemandleni athembekile nasekuzinzeni komhluzo, hhayi ephungeni elicolekile lezivuno eziphakeme zasentwasahlobo.

Umlando nesiko

Igama elithi Hyson — lingelinye lamagama amadala kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwetiye laseShayina eYurophu naseMelika. Ngekhulu le-18, amatiye aluhlaza ngaphansi kwamagama athi «熙春» kanye no «贡熙» (xīchūn, gòngxī) ayesabalaliswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Uqobo lwalo igama elithi 熙春 lisho ukuthi «intwasahlobo eqhakazayo, echumayo», kanti u-贡 («intela, into enikezelwe») wengeza ebangeni umqondo wokukhethwa. Ngokuhambisana, ekusetshenzisweni kwakukhona negama elithi Young Hyson — lokho ohlelweni lwaseShayina okuhambisana nebanga le-雨茶.

Lamagama ayengenye yenkathi lapho itiye laseShayina laliyimpahla yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ebalulekile yokuhweba olwandle, kanti abathengi baseYurophu nabaseMelika babesebenzisa amagama abo okuhweba amabanga — i-Hyson, i-Young Hyson kanye namanye. I-贡熙 / 熙春 yaqina njengenye yezimpawu ezaziwayo zetiye eliluhlaza laleyo nkathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, itiye eliluhlaza elithunyelwa ngaphandle elabusayo kwaba yi-Chun Mee (珍眉) enemakethe enkulu eNyakatho naseNtshonalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi e-Morocco, kanti igama lomlando laseYurophu i-Hyson lagudluka laba yingxenye yomlando ne-niche.

Ukuhlukanisa kanjani

Izinkombandlela ezimbalwa ezisiza ukuthi kungadidaniswa i-贡熙 nemiqondo eseduze:

• I-贡熙 ≠ itiye lendawo ethile. Leli ibanga lokuhlungwa kwetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe, hhayi igama lendawo (ngokuhlukile kwe-屯绿, 婺绿, 平水珠茶).
• I-贡熙 iqhathaniswa ne-雨茶 (Young Hyson). Zombili zingamabanga ahlanziwe emilayini esondelene; i-雨茶 ichazwa njengensalela emfishane esontekile, okuyi-Young Hyson yomlando.
• I-贡熙 iqhathaniswa ne-珍眉 (Chunmee). I-珍眉 yibanga eliyinhloko, elikhudlwana nelilinganayo le-meicha elinemakethe enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle; i-贡熙 imi ngaphansi emgqeni futhi ngokomlando yayinegama elihlukile laseYurophu i-Hyson.
• I-贡熙 evela ku-meicha iqhathaniswa ne-zhucha. Ibanga elifanayo lingavela ekuhlanzweni kwetiye elide elithosiwe (眉茶) neliyindilinga elithosiwe (珠茶); esimweni sesibili, lizuza njengefa ukuhlala umhluzo okuyisici se-gunpowder.

Ngamanye amazwi, uma ubona ezikhathalogini zakudala igama elithi Hyson, kulungile ukulifunda njengegama lomlando lokuhweba letiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe, okuhambisana nalo ohlelweni lwesimanje lwaseShayina amabanga e-贡熙 kanye ne-熙春.