bǎihé huā

Izimbali zikaLily ziyizimbali ezomisiwe kanye nemiqumbe yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamalily, okuthi eShayina ziphekwe njengokumnandi okunephunga elimnandi okunombala osagolide okhanyayo. Umkhiqizo ungowomndeni obanzi wama-Chinese okungamela itiye futhi awulona itiye ngomqondo wesayensi yezitshalo: awukho futhi ungeke ube khona iqabunga leCamellia sinensis. Kuhlelo lwezimpahla lwaseShayina, iziphuzo ezinjalo zidlula njenge-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá) – “itiye elimele”, okungukuthi ukumnandi okuvela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezitshalo, okuphuzwa ngendlela yetiye, kodwa akulona itiye. Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko zinikezwa izinhlobo zohlobo lweLilium, ngokuyinhloko iLilium brownii var. viridulum kanye neLilium lancifolium, futhi zitshalwa eHunan, Gansu, Jiangsu naseJiangxi. Lapha kubalulekile kusukela ekuqaleni ukuhlukanisa imikhakha emibili yesitshalo: udumo lokudla lwaseShayina lonke lwatholwa ama-bulb anyama kakhulu kalamily, kuyilapho okumnandi kuhamba ngezimbali ezomisiwe ngqo, futhi lezi yimikhiqizo emibili ehlukene evela esitshalweni esisodwa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: ukumnandi kwe-herbal, okungamela itiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá)
• Umndeni wesayensi yezitshalo: i-Liliaceae (lily)
• Uhlobo: iLilium (lily)
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko: iLilium brownii var. viridulum (龙牙百合, lóngyá bǎihé) kanye neLilium lancifolium (卷丹, juǎndān – i-tiger lily; igama elifanayo iLilium tigrinum)
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: izimbali ezomisiwe kanye nemiqumbe evuleke kancane
• Izindawo eziyinhloko: iHunan, iGansu, iJiangxi, iJiangsu

Ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngokwethembeka lokhu kumele kushiwo ngqo: izimbali zikalamily azinawo amaqabunga eCamellia sinensis ngakho-ke “azilona itiye” – hhayi ngokwesayensi yezitshalo, noma ngokobuchwepheshe. Ohlelweni lwaseShayina zingaphansi kwe-代用茶 (dàiyòng chá): ekumnandini ovela ezimbalini, ezithelweni, ezimpandeni, nasezitshalweni, okuthi ngaphandle nangendlela yokuphisa kufane netiye. Lolu wuhlobo oluhlukile, oluhlonishwayo lweziphuzo olunomlando walo wamakhulu eminyaka, hhayi umgunyathi wetiye noma into eyenziweyo. Ngenkathi i-pharmacopoeia yendabuko yaseShayina yamukela ngaphansi kwegama elithi 百合 izinto ezingavuthiwe zezinhlobo ezimbalwa zohlobo lweLilium – ngaphandle kwalezi esezishiwo, kufakwa ne-细叶百合 (xìyè bǎihé, iLilium pumilum); ukuchazwa kwesayensi yezitshalo kwenqwaba ethile kuncike endaweni nakumkhiqizi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Igama: 百合 (bǎihé) – ngokwezwi nezwi “ukuhlanganiswa okuyikhulu”, “okuhlanganiswe ndawonye okuyikhulu”
• Ifomula yomshado: 百年好合 (bǎinián hǎohé) – “iminyaka eyikhulu enhlanganisweni enhle”

Igama lesitshalo alizange linikezwe ingxenye engaphezu komhlaba, kodwa i-bulb: ihlanganiswe ngezingqimba eziningi ezivalekile nezinamanyikwe, “amakhulu ezingcwecwe ezihlangene”, okuvela lapho inhlanganisela yama-characters ethi 百合. Ukufana komsindo nesifiso esithi 百年好合 (bǎinián hǎohé) kwenze ilily yaba uphawu lomshado oluqinile – izimbali zayo ziyaphiwa abasanda kushada, zidwetshwe ezindwangini zomkhosi nasezitsheni, kanti ama-bulb kanye nezimbewu zelotus (莲子, liánzǐ) ziyaphiwa emadilini omshado ngenxa yomdlalo wamagama ngomshado omude nofanelekile.

I-bulb kalamily ishiwo emibhalweni yakudala ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa nasenkambisweni ye “Shennong bencao jing” (神农本草经, Shénnóng běncǎo jīng), futhi amakhulu eminyaka yayingena ekhishini lezempilo (药膳, yàoshàn) – yayisindwa, ibiliswe emathanganeni nasesobhweni. Umkhuba wokuphisa izimbali ezomisiwe ngqo njengokumnandi usondelene kakhulu nesiko lasekhaya, lasekhaya futhi wasabalala kabanzi njengengxenye yemfashini ye-代用茶 yezimbali.

3. Isichazelo Sesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Isimo sempilo: isitshalo esinama-bulb esihlala iminyaka eminingi
• Isiqu: simile, sifinyelela ku-1.5 m ezinhlotsheni ezilinywayo
• Amaqabunga: amancane, ayi-lanceolate, ahlezi
• Imbali: inkulu, inamacembe ayisithupha e-perianth, nezinsikazi eziyisithupha kanye ne-ovary enezidleke ezintathu
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe zokwenza ukumnandi: izimbali eziphisiwe nemiqumbe

KuLilium lancifolium (卷丹) izimbali ziwolintshi-bomvu kunamachashaza amnyama namacembe agobeke ngokuqinile emuva, kuLilium brownii var. viridulum ziyizi-funnel-tubular ezinkulu, zikhilimu-mhlophe nokukhanya okuluhlaza. Ukuze kuphakwe kuqala kusetshenziswa imiqumbe nezimbali ezingakavuleki ngokugcwele: kuzo iphunga lihlangene kakhulu futhi zigcina isimo esihle uma zomisiwe.

Ukutshala imbali ne-bulb kuhlukile. I-bulb iyisitho esingaphansi komhlaba esigcina izakhi, sinamanzi, sinezingqimba ezihleliwe ngama-tile; yiyo ngempela eyenza ukubaluleka kokudla kanye “nekhemisi” yesitshalo. Imbali iyisitho esingaphezulu sokuzalana, futhi okumnandi kuya ngqo kuyo. Lezi yizingxenye ezahlukene zesitshalo esisodwa, ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa obuhlukile, nemikhiqizo ehlukene eshalofini.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokutshala:

• Gansu, Lanzhou (兰州百合, lánzhōu bǎihé): ama-bulb adumile amnandi okudla; umnyombo wokukhiqiza – isifunda saseQilihe (七里河区, qīlǐhé qū)
• Hunan (龙牙百合, lóngyá bǎihé): “i-bulb engathi yizinyo likadrako”, isifunda saseLongshan (龙山县, lóngshān xiàn) kanye nesifunda saseShaoyang (邵阳, shàoyáng), isifunda saseLonghui (隆回县, lónghuí xiàn)
• Jiangxi: Isifunda saseWanzai (万载, wànzài)
• Jiangsu: Yixing (宜兴, yíxīng)

Ilily yaseLanzhou yaziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-bulb eyisibiliboco – imnandi kangangokuba idliwa icishe ingakaphekwa; ngokwesayensi yezitshalo ivame ukuchazwa njengeLilium davidii var. unicolor, okungukuthi kuhlobo olwehlukile, kune- “dragon tooth.” I-Hunan 龙牙百合 (Lilium brownii var. viridulum) inikeza izingqimba ezimise okwezinyo likadrako futhi idume ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zokudla kanye nezembali. Amalily athanda inhlabathi evuthulukayo, e-cream-colored futhi engenamanzi amile, isimo sezulu esipholile sasezintabeni noma sezintabeni, kanye nomswakama omaphakathi; amanzi amaningi kuma-bulb abulalayo. Isitshalo sikhula kancane – kusukela ekutshalweni kwezingqimba kuya ku-bulb ethengiswayo kuvame ukudlula amasizini amabili kuya kwamathathu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

• Ukuvuna: imiqumbe nezimbali ezivuleke kancane ziyanqunywa ngesikhathi sezulu elomile
• Ukulungiselela: ukuhlukanisa, ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa okufushane kokushisa ngomphunga
• Ukomisa: ngelanga, emthunzini, noma ngomoya oshisayo ngezinga lokushisa elithambile
• Ukuhlukanisa ngokwezinga: ngokuphelela kwembali nombala

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukususa umswakama ngokushesha nangobumnene, kugcinwe isimo samacembe, umbala wemvelo okhilimu-ophuzi, nephunga elihwamukayo. Ukomisa ngokweqile kwenza izimbali zibe ntekenteke futhi “zibe nothuli,” kuyilapho ukungomisi ngokwanele kuholela esikhunjeni ngesikhathi sokugcina. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zigcina isithunzi esaziwayo sembali noma somqumbe futhi azibhidliki zibe yimpuphu. Indaba ehlukile – ukwelashwa nge-sulphur (ukuthungela) ukuze kumhloshwe futhi kuvikeleke ezinambuzaneni; lenkqubo yenza izimbali zikhanye ngokungeyona indlela futhi kushiye iphunga elihlabayo, okungaxoxwa ngakho kabanzi esigabeni sama-counterfeit.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

• Isibonakalo sangaphandle: izimbali eziphelele ezomisiwe nemiqumbe, kusukela kukhulimu-mhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okumbala onsundu
• Iphunga lezinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile: izimbali ezicolekile, ezinamathoni alula e-honey nalawo e-herbal
• Ukunambitha kokumnandi: okuthambile, okumnandi kancane nobumuncu obungabonakali
• Umbala wokumnandi: kusukela kucishe kukhanye kuya koku-golden okukhanyayo

Ubumuncu buyisici esijwayelekile sokumnandi kwe-lily, hhayi isici esibi; bulinganisa ubumnandi futhi buthambiswa kahle yizinto ezingezwe. Iphunga licolekile, ngakho-ke izimbali zikalamily zivame ukuphakwa ngezixube, lapho zinikeza “isizinda sezimbali,” hhayi ukuba yedwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polysaccharide: ingxenyana ebalulekile, eyisici sohlobo lweLilium
• Ama-steroidal saponins nama-glycosides: ajwayelekile kuma-lily
• Imixube ye-phenolic nama-flavonoid: anikeza ingxenye yokunambitheka nombala
• Ama-alkaloid alandelwayo: akhona ezitshalweni zohlobo, okuyinto okuchazwa ngayo kancane isincomo sokulinganisela

Ukwakheka kwezimbali kufundwe kancane kunesakwawo ama-bulb, okunemibhalo eminingi ekhona ngawo. Izilinganiso eziqondile zezakhi zincike ohlotsheni, indawo, kanye nendlela yokomisa, ngakho-ke ukunikeza amanani afanayo akulungile.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Isixwayiso esibalulekile: izimbali zikalamily ziwumkhiqizo wokudla nesiphuzo, hhayi umuthi. Okulandelayo – yilokho kuphela okuvamise ukucatshangwa ngakho ngesiko laseShayina lasekhaya, kanye nalokho okufundwa ngesayensi ngokucophelela; noma yiziphi izithembiso zomphumela wokwelapha, ezihambisana nomkhiqizo ezitolo, zidlulela ngaphandle kwendawo ye-athikili ye-encyclopedia.

• Esikweni lendabuko: ilily ihlotshaniswa nemiqondo “yokuswakamisa amaphaphu” (润肺, rùnfèi) kanye “nokuthulisa inhliziyo nomoya” (清心安神, qīngxīn ānshén); ibhekwa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe “ezinemvelo epholile” (微寒, wēihán)
• Okufundwayo: umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo wama-polysaccharide nama-saponin wama-lily – uyisihloko socwaningo lwamalabhorethri, imiphumela yalo okungeyona isiqinisekiso somphumela wokwelapha wesiphuzo

Kusukela ezixwayisweni ezaziwayo, ngokungathathi hlangothi: imvelo “epholile” yezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokwendabuko ayibhekwa njengokukhetha okuhle kakhulu uma kuthambekele ekugayekeni; abesifazane abakhulelwe, abancelisayo, abantu abathatha imithi, kanye nalabo abangakaze bawuhlole umkhiqizo, kuhle ukulinganisela futhi uma benokungabaza kufanele babonisane nodokotela. Lapha akunikwa imithamo, noma izinhlelo zokwelapha.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Isisindo: mayelana 3–5 g wezimbali ezomile ku-200–300 ml wamanzi
• Amanzi: 85–95 °C; ngephunga elicolekile kusondela emngceleni ophansi
• Izitsha: ingilazi noma i-teapot, i-gaiwan
• Isikhathi: imizuzu 3–5 kokumnandi kokuqala
• Ukuphisa kabusha: 2–3, nokwandisa isikhathi
• Ukuphakwa okubandayo: kungenzeka (ukuphisa okubandayo esiqandisini amahora 4–8)

Ingilazi iyathandwa: ngayo kubonakala ukuthi izimbali zivuleka kanjani. Izimbali zikalamily azivamisile ukuphuzwa “ngokuhlanzekile” zodwa – zivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-chrysanthemum (菊花, júhuā), amajikijolo e-goji (枸杞, gǒuqǐ), izimbewu zelotus (莲子, liánzǐ), kanye nenani elincane likashukela we-rock (冰糖, bīngtáng), othambisa ubumuncu. Ekuphakeni okubandayo, ubumuncu bubonakala kancane, kanti ubumnandi bembali obusobala.

10. Ukugcina:

• Izimo: indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama
• Isitsha: sivalwe ngokuqinile, kungcono okungabonisi; i-vacuum iyafaneleka
• Izitha: umswakama, iphunga langaphandle, izinambuzane, ukukhanya okuqondile
• Isikhathi esigcina: cishe izinyanga eziyi-12–18 uma kugcinwe ngendlela efanele

Izimbali ezomisiwe ziyamunca umswakama futhi zimunca kalula amaphunga, ngakho-ke kufanele zigcinwe ngokuhlukene nezipayisi nekofi. Uma zimuncile umswakama kuba khona isikhunta nobungozi besikhunta – izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinjalo akufanele zisetshenziswe.

11. Intengo kanye Nama-Counterfeit:

• Inkomba yenani eliphansi: cishe 70 ¥/kg (inani liyashintshashintsha ngenkathi yonyaka, ngesifunda nangezinga)
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe zangempela: izimbali eziphelele, ezaziwa ngesimo nemiqumbe yethoni yemvelo ekhilimu-ophuzi, enephunga lembali elihlanzekile
• Izimpawu ezisabisayo: ukumhlophe okungeyona indlela, iphunga le-sulphureus elihlabayo (umphumela wokuthungela nge-sulphur), ukuba khona okuningi kwezinto ezincane nezingcolile ezingaphandle

Intengo yokudayisa ayithenjisiwe lapha – incike ekufakweni nasekuthengisweni. Bavame ukufaka ekumnandini we-lily izimbali ezishibhile kakhulu kanye nezinto ezincane, kanti ukumhlophe ngezinye izikhathi “kuthuthukiswa” nge-bleaching. Izinkomba zomthengi zilula: ukuhogela (iphunga lemvelo uma liqhathaniswa nelamakhemikhali noma le-sulphur), ukubuka umbala (okumhlophe okunjengokufile – isizathu sokuqaphela) kanye nokuphelela (uthuli oluningi nezingcezu eziphukile – isibonakaliso sezinga eliphansi). Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukudideka kwezigaba: ngaphansi kwamagama afanayo kudayiswa imiqumbe eyomile yama-daylily (ekhishini ibizwa ngokuthi 黄花菜, huánghuācài) – lesi isitshalo esihlukile nomkhiqizo ohlukile.

12. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo:

• Igama elithi 百合 alichazi imbali, kodwa ukwakheka kwe-bulb – “amakhulu ezakhi ezinamekwe”.
• Izimpawu zomshado zakhiwe phezu kokufana komsindo phakathi kwe-百合 kanye nesifiso esithi 百年好合.
• I-bulb yaseLanzhou imnandi kangangokuba idliwa icishe iluhlaza; isidlo sakudala – i-celery ne-lily (西芹百合, xīqín bǎihé).
• Isitshalo esisodwa sinikeza izimpahla ezimbili ezahlukene: i-bulb (isibiliboco sokudla) kanye nembali (izinto ezingavuthiwe zokwenza ukumnandi).
• I-lily ivame ukudideka ne-daylily (黄花菜, huánghuācài): izimbali ziyefana ngaphandle, kodwa lezi yizihlobo ezahlukene.

Ekuphetheni:

Izimbali zikalamily ziyisibonakaliso sezinto zaseShayina ze-代用茶: isiphuzo esiphiswa futhi siphuzwe ngendlela yetiye, kodwa okungelona itiye futhi okungenaqabunga le-camellia. Ngemuva kwephunga lembali elicolekile kunomkhuba omkhulu, lapho i-bulb nembali zihlala cishe ngezimpilo ezihlukene – eyokuqala iyisibiliboco kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe zekhishi lezempilo, eyesibili iyisisekelo sokumnandi okulula okunephunga elimnandi, futhi okuhlanganisa ndawonye i-character ethi “amakhulu okuhlangana” kanye nezimpawu zomshado ezihlobene nakho.

Njengomkhiqizo izimbali zikalamily zilula futhi zithembekile: izinto ezingavuthiwe ezingabizi, ukunambitha okuthambile, ukuguquguquka ezixubeni nasekuphakweni okubandayo. Indlela enengqondo yokuphatha – ukuphathwa njengesiphuzo esihle sezitshalo, ukwazisa i-organoleptic kanye ne-terroir yaso, kodwa hhayi ukulindela izimangaliso zokwelapha enkomishini yokumnandi, kanye nokukhetha izinto ezingavuthiwe ngombala wemvelo nephunga, hhayi ngezithembiso ezikulebula.

the teas described here are available from teamotea