Alishani Zhu Lu Cha · new.thetea.app

Alishani Zhu Lu Cha (阿里山珠露茶, Ālǐshān zhū lù chá) — ngelinye lamatiye ayishumi adumile aseThayiwani (台灣十大名茶, Táiwān shí dà míng chá), i-oolong yasezintabeni eziphakeme etholakala esifundeni saseShizhuo (石棹, Shízhōu) sezintaba zase-Alishani. Leli tiye, elithola igama eliwumbongo elithi “Amazolo Ayigugu Ase-Alishani,” limelela izimpawu ezingcono kakhulu zendawo yasezintabeni eziphakeme yaseThayiwani: ubumnandi obupholile, iphunga lezimbali elihlanzekile, nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside okusongayo.

1. Isigaba Nendabuko:

Uhlobo: I-oolong (itiye elivuthwe kancane). Izinga lokufakwa kwe-oxygen (oxidation) — lincane, 15–25%. Ukugazingwa — kusukela kokuncane kuya kokumaphakathi; indlela yendabuko ihilela ukushiswa kancane ngamalahle okhuni (炭火慢焙, tànhuǒ màn bèi).
Isigaba: Ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseThayiwani (高山烏龍, gāoshān wūlóng). Ifakwe ohlwini lwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseThayiwani, olwabhalwa nguFan Zengping (范增平, Fàn Zēngpíng) — umsunguli Womphakathi WaseChina Wesiko Letiye.
Indabuko: IThayiwani (台灣, Táiwān), Isifunda saseJiayi (嘉義縣, Jiāyì xiàn), Isigodi saseZhuqi (竹崎鄉, Zhúqí xiāng), Indawo yaseShizhuo (石棹, Shízhōu). Indawo yokukhiqiza ibuye ihlanganise izigodi eziseduze iFanlu (番路鄉, Fānlù xiāng) ne-Alishani (阿里山鄉, Ālǐshān xiāng), ezigudla umgwaqo omkhulu wasezintabeni u-Alishani (阿里山公路, Ālǐshān gōnglù).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: ≈23.49°N, 120.69°E (umnyombo wesifunda setiye saseShizhuo).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye endaweni yaseShizhuo kunomlando ongaphezu kwekhulunyaka. Izihlahla zokuqala zetiye zatshalwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukabukhosi bakwa-Qing (清代, Qīng dài): Umyango Wokuphatha WaseTainan (台南府, Táinán fǔ) wakhetha izinhlobo ezinethemba zetiye futhi wabela umphathi (保長, bǎozhǎng) onesibongo uWu (吳氏, Wú shì) wasesifundeni saseMeishan (梅山, Méishān) ukuthi enze ukuhlola kokutshala ezindaweni zaseRuifeng (瑞峰, Ruìfēng), eWailiao (外寮, Wàiliáo) naseShengmaoshu (生毛樹, Shēngmáoshù). Kamuva umndeni wakwaHong (洪氏, Hóng shì) wathuthela lezi zihlahla endaweni yaseShizhuo, lapho inzalo yomndeni isalondoloze izihlahla ezindala. Nokho, ukutshalwa okukhulu kwaqala kuphela ngo-1980, lapho kulethwa uhlobo lwezihlahla u-Qingxin Oolong (青心烏龍, Qīngxīn Wūlóng), olubuye lwaziwe ngokuthi “i-oolong enamagatsha athambile” (軟枝烏龍, ruǎnzhī wūlóng). Ukuhlola kokuqala kwaveza umphumela omuhle kakhulu, futhi ngokwesekwa ngabaphathi besigodi saseZhuqi, inhlangano yezolimo yendawo (農會, nónghuì) kanye nohulumeni wesifunda saseJiayi, kwaqala ukwanda okukhulu kwamasimu etiye. Ngo-1986, abalimi basungula Isigaba Sokukhiqiza Nokuthengisa Esinenjongo Yokucwaninga (產銷研究班, chǎnxiāo yánjiū bān) ukuze kwenziwe ikhwalithi ibe yindinganiso futhi kuvikelwe ekutholweni ngabathengi abangathembekile. Ekugcineni, ngomhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu 1987, embukisweni othi “Uhambo Lwetiye” (茶之旅, Chá zhī lǚ), owawuhlelwe yi-Lions Club International eTaipei World Trade Center, owayenguMengameli wesekela waseThayiwani u-Xie Dongmin (謝東閔, Xiè Dōngmǐn) walinambitha leli tiye futhi, ehlabeke umxhwele ngekhwalithi yalo, ngokwesicelo sabalimi walinikeza igama elisemthethweni — “Alishani Zhu Lu” (阿里山珠露). Ngemuva kwalokho kwabhaliswa uphawu lokuhweba (商標, shāngbiāo), futhi kwethulwa uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ngokwamabanga kanye namanani entengo aqondile.
Igama: Igama lakhiwe izakhi ezintathu: 阿里山 (Ālǐshān) — izintaba zase-Alishani, esinye sezifunda zezintaba ezaziwa kakhulu eThayiwani; 珠 (zhū) — “igugu, ibhola,” okubhekisela ekubunjweni kwamaqabunga asontshiwe kanye namathonsi amazolo asekuseni; 露 (lù) — “amazolo.” Ngokwamazwi ka-Xie Dongmin, igama lakhuthazwa isithombe samazolo asekuseni, athi ekuseni ahlale njengamathonsi ayigugu emaqabunga etiye emasimini asezintabeni eziphakeme, — “甘珠玉露” (gān zhū yù lù), “amazolo amnandi ayigugu anjengejade.” Ngakho-ke, i-Zhu Lu Cha — “itiye lamazolo ayigugu avela ezintabeni zase-Alishani.”
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha ibambe indawo ehloniphekile phakathi kwamatiye aseThayiwani. Ibizwa ngokuthi “igolide eliluhlaza” (綠金, lǜjīn) lesigodi saseZhuqi — isisekelo senhlalakahle yezolimo yendawo. Ukufakwa ohlwini lwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseThayiwani, okuqinisekiswe ochwepheshe betiye, kuqinisekise isimo sayo njengenye yama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme ayisisekelo aseThayiwani. Isigaba Sokukhiqiza Nokuthengisa SaseShizhuo (石棹珠露產銷班, Shízhōu Zhūlù chǎnxiāo bān) siye sathola imiklomelo yemboni izikhathi eziningi, okuhlanganisa “Umklomelo Okhethekile Wokukhethwa Kwekhwalithi Ophezulu we-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha” (阿里山珠露茶精選特優獎). Itiye seliphenduke uphawu lwesifunda, luhlanganisa amasiko okukha ngesandla, indlela yobungcweti yokugazinga kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe womphakathi wabalimi wokuthuthukisa idumela lomkhiqizo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Inhlobo yokutshala: Oluyinhloko kusetshenziswa uhlobo oluthi Qingxin Oolong (青心烏龍, Qīngxīn Wūlóng), okuyi-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Lena inhlobo enamaqabunga amancane enamahlumela amancane, athambile, anothe nge-amino acid nama-polyphenol. Amaqabunga abonakala ngokuthi anokuthamba, inyama eminyene kanye nephunga elimnandi, okwenza i-Qingxin Oolong ibe impahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo yama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme aseThayiwani. Ingxenye encane yamasimu itshalwe ngohlobo lwe-Jin Xuan (金萱, Jīn Xuān, Itiye LaseThayiwani No.12, 台茶12號), oluletha izimpawu zobisi nokhilimu, nokho i-Zhu Lu Cha yakudala ikhiqizwa nge-Qingxin Oolong.
Ukuvuna: Kunezinkathi ezimbili eziphambili — intwasahlobo (春茶, chūn chá, uMashi–uMeyi) nobusika (冬茶, dōng chá, uMfumfu–uLwezi). Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo kukhiqiza itiye elinephunga elimnandi kakhulu futhi elinothe nge-amino acid; okwasebusika kuthandwa ngenxa yokuminyana nokujula kokunambitheka. Eminye imizi iyaye iphinde ikhe ehlobo nasekwindla, nokho ikhwalithi yakhona ivame ukuba ngaphansi kweyasentwasahlobo neyasebusika.
Izinga lokukha: Kukhiwa ngesandla ngokuphelele (全手採嫩菁, quán shǒu cǎi nèn jīng). Kukhiwa ihlumela elingaphezulu — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amancane amabili kuya kwamathathu (一芽二三葉, yī yá èr sān yè). Leli zinga liqinisekisa ibhalansi enhle yephunga nokuminyana kwencibilikizo.
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Amahlumela kumele abe aphelele, enezinga elifanayo lokukhula, futhi angenawo umonakalo womshini. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungabikho iphunga elingafanele kanye nokuqina okuqinile kweqabunga. Impahla eluhlaza ekhiweyo ilethwa ngokushesha endaweni yokucubungula ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

4. Indawo Nokukhethekile Kokutshalwa:

Isifunda nokuma komhlaba: Izingadi zetiye zitholakala emithambekeni yezintaba eceleni komgwaqo omkhulu u-Alishani (省道台18線, shěngdào Tái 18 xiàn), cishe ukusuka ku-47 kuya ku-53 wekhilomitha, esigodini saseZhuqi nasezigodini eziseduze iFanlu ne-Alishani. Umnyombo wendawo yokukhiqiza — indawo yaseShizhuo (石棹茶區, Shízhōu chá qū), lapho kugxile khona amahektha angama-80 kuya kwayi-120 amasimu etiye.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amamitha ayi-1 200–1 600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Umnyombo wendawo enekhwalithi — amamitha ayi-1 300–1 500.
Isimo sezulu: Isifunda siseduze neTropic of Cancer (≈23.5°N), endaweni yesimo sezulu sezintaba esishisayo. Izivande zetiye unyaka wonke zimbozwe ngamafu nenkungu (終年雲霧繚繞, zhōngnián yúnwù liáorào). Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi liphansi kakhulu kunalelo elisemathafeni; umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu — emini umoya uyafudumala, kanti ebusuku uhlala upholile. Umswakama ophezulu nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okuningi (漫射光, mànshèguāng) kubambezela ukukhula kwesihlahla setiye, okuholela ekutheni amahlumela aqongelele ama-amino acid amaningi, ama-pectin kanye nezinto ezinephunga elimnandi, kanti okuqukethwe ama-catechin ababayo kuhlala kusesilinganisweni. Yilezi zimo ezakha “inothi elibandayo lasezintabeni eziphakeme” (高山冷韻, gāoshān lěng yùn) — uphawu oluyinhloko lwama-oolong ase-Alishani.
Inhlabathi: Kuvame ukuba yinhlabathi yezintaba ebomvu ene-acidic (紅土, hóng tǔ), egcwele izinhlanganisela zamaminerali. Inhlabathi ebomvu idonsa amanzi kahle futhi ihlinzeka izimpande zesihlahla setiye ngezakhi-mzimba ezidingekayo. Iphrofayili yamaminerali enhlabathini iyehluka endaweni encane kuya kwenye, okunikeza itiye elivela emapulazini ahlukahlukene isimilo esihluke kancane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bakudala bama-oolong aseThayiwani ayindilinga ngokuvuthwa okuncane kanye nokugazingwa kwendabuko ngamalahle. Umgomo oyinhloko — “isandla esilula” (輕手法, qīng shǒufǎ): ukuncibilika okuncane, ukunyakazisa okuthambile kanye nokusonta ngokucophelela, okuvumela ukuvezwa okukhulu kwephrofayili yezimbali yempahla eluhlaza nokugcinwa kokusha kwesimo sasezintabeni eziphakeme.

Ukukha / 采摘 — cǎizhāi: Ukukha ngesandla kwamahlumela aphezulu kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu noma ngezikhathi ezipholile zosuku. Izinto ezikhiweyo zilethwa ngokushesha efemini ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile nokufakwa kwe-oxygen okungalawuleki.
Ukuncibilika elangeni / 日光萎凋 — rìguāng wěidiāo (晒青 — shàiqīng): Amaqabunga asanda kukhiwa asakazwa ngomucu omncane ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile imizuzu eyi-15–30. Ikhasi lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama, libe nokuguquguquka; ukwakheka kwesisekelo sephunga kuyayiqala.
Ukuncibilika emthunzini / 室内萎凋 — shìnèi wěidiāo (晾青 — liàngqīng): Ngemuva kokuchayeka elangeni, amaqabunga ayiswa ekamelweni elinomoya wemvelo, lapho eqhubeka nokulahlekelwa umswakama kancane futhi “aphumule,” alinganise ukufakwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi.
Ukunyakazisa / 搖青 — yáoqīng: Isigaba esibalulekile sokwakhiwa kwephunga le-oolong. Kwenziwa imijikelezo eminingana (ngokuvamile emi-4–5) yokunyakazisa kumasefo oqalo noma emigodini yokujikeleza, okushintshaniselwa nezikhathi zokuphumula. Umthelela womshini ulimaza amaseli emaphethelweni eqabunga, kuqalise ukufakwa kwe-oxygen okulawulwayo. Kulesi sigaba lapho kuvela khona amanothi ezimbali nezithelo, okuyizimpawu ze-Zhu Lu Cha. Izinga lokufakwa kwe-oxygen lilawulwa ezingeni lika-15–25%.
Ukuqinisa / 殺青 — shāqīng: Ukushisa ngezinga eliphezulu (epanini noma ku-roller) kumisa izinqubo zokuvuthwa futhi kuqinise indlela yephunga. Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi kukhethwa ingcweti ngayinye ngokuya ngesimo seqabunga.
Ukusonta / 揉捻 — róuniǎn: Ukusonta kokuqala kwakha ukuma kokuqala kweqabunga futhi kucekele phansi izindonga zamaseli, okwenza kube lula ukukhipha ngokuzayo lapho kuphekwa.
Ukusonta ngokusonga / 包揉 — bāoróu: Amaqabunga asongwa ngendwangu bese ecindezelwa futhi asontwa kaningana, kwakheka ukuma okuyisiyingi (okuyindilinga) okujwayelekile kwamagrishi. Lesi sigaba siphindaphindwa izikhathi eziningana, sishintshaniswa nokusomisa okuphakathi, kuze kube yilapho ikhasi selithola ukuminyana nokuhleleka okuhle.
Ukugazinga / 焙火 — bèihuǒ: I-Zhu Lu Cha yendabuko idlula ekugazingweni kancane ngamalahle okhuni (炭火慢焙, tànhuǒ màn bèi), okunikeza incibilikizo ukujula kanye nezimpawu zoju namantongomane, ngaphandle kokwehlisa ubusha basezintabeni eziphakeme. Izimboni zesimanje zivame ukusebenzisa ukusomisa ngogesi ngokugazinga okuncane (輕焙火, qīng bèihuǒ), kugcinwa iprofayili “eluhlaza” nephela, enezimbali.
Ukusomisa / 乾燥 — gānzào: Ukuzinzisa okokugcina komswakama kuze kube sezingeni lokugcinwa ngokuphepha (≤5%).

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amagrishi aminyene asontiwe ayindilinga (半球形, bàn qiú xíng), alinganayo ngosayizi, aqinile futhi ahlangene. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani omnyama onokucwebezela okunamafutha (墨綠帶油亮麗色, mòlǜ dài yóu liàng lì sè).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga lezimbali elihlanzekile, eliphakeme — i-orchid (蘭花香, lánhuā xiāng), amanothi ezithelo ezivuthiwe, ubumnandi obuncane obunjengokhilimu. Iphunga liyantanta, lingaphoqeleli (飄而不膩, piāo ér bù nì), kunenothi “elibandayo lasezintabeni eziphakeme” — ipholile, eliqabulayo, elicishe libe njenge-menthol.
Iphunga lencibilikizo: Livezwa izendlalelo: izincibilikizo zokuqala zinikeza igagasi elikhanyayo lezimbali (i-orchid, i-osmanthus), bese kuqhamuka amanothi ezithelo ezivuthiwe, uju kanye ne-caramel encane. Ezinguqulweni ezigazingiwe — kunezinye izincazelo ze-castnut namantongomane agazingiwe. Iphunga lizinze futhi lahlala isikhathi eside, lihlala ezindongeni zenkomishi ngemuva kokungena.
Ukunambitheka: Umzimba wencibilikizo — onjengosilika, unokuminyana okuphawulekayo nokunethezeka, okubangelwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-pectin. Umuzwa wokuqala — ubumnandi obuhlanzekile kanye nempilo ethambile (入口生津, rùkǒu shēngjīn). Isigaba esiphakathi — ubumnandi obuncane bezimbali, obuguqukela ngokushesha ekunambithekeni okujulile, okusongayo nokubuyela emuva okumnandi (回甘, huígān), okuhlala isikhathi eside emphinjeni (落喉甘滑, luòhóu gān huá). Ubumuncu buncane. Umuzwa ojwayelekile — 醇厚甘滑 (醇厚 — ukugcwala; 甘滑 — omnandi-obushelelezi), okusha futhi okuvuselelayo.
Umbala wencibilikizo: Osobala, uluhlaza okotshani onjengoju (蜜綠, mì lǜ) — kusuka koluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo onjengotshani kuya koligolide elifudumele ngokuyisisekelo kuye ngezinga lokugazingwa. Incibilikizo icwebezele ngekristali, inokucwebezela okukhanyayo.
Iqabunga eliphansi (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amaqabunga aphelele, avuleke kahle anenyama ethambile. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani-mnqumo unomphetho obomvana emaphethelweni (umphetho obomvu — umphumela wokufakwa kwe-oxygen okuyingxenye ngesikhathi sokunyakazisa). Iziqu zithambile, ukuthungwa kweqabunga kulingana, ngaphandle kokufakwa okumahhadlha.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol: Okuqukethwe ama-polyphenol etiye kuma-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme kulinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo asemathafeni — ukukhula okunensayo endaweni ephakeme kunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwama-catechin, abangela ukubaba nokumuncu. Izingxenye eziyinhloko: i-epigallocatechin (EGC), i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin (EC) kanye ne-epicatechin gallate (ECG). Ukufakwa kwe-oxygen okuyingxenye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kuguqula ingxenye yama-catechin abe ama-theaflavin nezinhlanganisela eziphakathi, kwakhe ukuthamba okuphawulekayo nokunambitheka okuyizendlalelo eziningi.
Ama-Amino acid: Indawo yezintaba eziphakeme kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile kunomthelela ekwandeni kokuqoqwa kwama-amino acid amahhala, ikakhulukazi i-L-theanine (茶氨酸, chá ānjīsuān). I-L-theanine yenza kufinyelela ku-50–60% wesamba esiphelele sama-amino acid futhi iwumthwali oyinhloko wobumnandi kanye nesimo “esinjengokhilimu” sencibilikizo. Okuqukethwe ama-amino acid amahhala kuma-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme aseThayiwani ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-1.5–3.0% wesisindo esomile — okuphawuleka ukuthi kuphakeme kunalawo ama-oolong avela emasimini asemathafeni.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — iyona alkaloid eyinhloko, okuqukethwe kuma-oolong aseThayiwani kungaba ngu-2.5–3.5% wesisindo esomile. Inkomishi eyodwa (100 ml) yokuthelwa kwe-gongfu iqukethe cishe amamiligremu ayi-13–18 e-caffeine. Kukhona futhi i-theobromine (可可碱, kěkě jiǎn) ne-theophylline (茶碱, chá jiǎn) ngamanani amancane.
Amavithamini: Amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), uvithamini C (ubhujiswa ngokuyingxenye lapho kusetshenzwa ngokushisa, kodwa ulondolozeka kuma-oolong angashisi kakhulu), amanani amancane e-vithamini A (asesimweni sama-carotenoid) no-E (ama-tocopherol).
Amaminerali: I-potassium (K), i-magnesium (Mg), i-manganese (Mn), i-zinc (Zn), i-phosphorus (P), i-copper (Cu), i-iron (Fe), i-fluoride (F). Inhlabathi ebomvu yase-Alishani inikeza ukuhlinzekwa okuhle kwezakhi-mzimba ezincane, okunomthelela omuhle kwiphrofayili yamaminerali yetiye.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezinephunga eziguquguqukayo: Izingxenye eziyinhloko zephunga — i-linalool, i-nerol acetate, i-geraniol, i-trans-nerolidol, i-phenylethyl alcohol, i-indole, i-benzaldehyde ne-β-ionone. Lezi zinto zakha iphrofayili ephawulekayo yezimbali nezithelo ye-Zhu Lu Cha. Izimo zasezintabeni eziphakeme ziqinisa ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo zama-terpenoid, ezibangela “inothi elibandayo” lephunga.
Izinto ze-Pectin: Ukukhula okunensayo kweqabunga endaweni ephakeme kuholela ekwandeni kokunqwabelana kwama-pectin, anikeza incibilikizo ukuminyana nokunethezeka okuphawulekayo.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

Ukugqugquzela ngobumnene nokuthuthukisa ukugxila: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza umfutho ogudile, ozinzile wokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphakama okukhulu nokwehla okukhulu. I-L-theanine ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamaza e-alpha ebuchosheni, ikhuthaze isimo sokugxila okuzolile.
Ukuvikela i-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol etiye — angabambi bamandla abamba ama-radical mahhala. Noma ngisho nokuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwama-catechin, ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme agcina amandla amakhulu e-antioxidant ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic.
Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-oolong kuhlanganiswa nokuncipha kwezinga le-“bad” cholesterol (LDL) kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi. Ama-catechin asiza ekujwayeleni iphrofayili yamafutha egazini.
Ukusiza ukugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenol nezinto zokushaya kwetiye ezisema-oolong zivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya futhi zithuthukise ukuhamba kwamathumbu. Izinhlobo ezigazingwe kancane ze-Zhu Lu Cha zinomthelela othambile ngokukhethekile esiswini.
Ukusekela umetabolizimu: Ama-oolong ngokwendabuko athathwa njengamatiye asiza ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa kokudla kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-catechin uma ehlanganiswe ne-caffeine aqinisa i-thermogenesis nokufakwa kwe-oxygen kwama-acid amafutha.
Umthelela wokulwa namagciwane nokuvuvukala: Ama-polyphenol abonisa umsebenzi omaphakathi wokulwa namagciwane, evimbela ukukhula kwenani lezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi emlonyeni nasemathunjini.
Ukuqinisa amazinyo nezinsini: Okuqukethwe i-fluoride etiyeni kusiza ukufakwa kwamaminerali ku-koqweqwe lwamazinyo; ama-polyphenol avimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
Umkhuba wokuphuza itiye ngokuqaphela: Ukuphuza kancane ngokuthela ngezindlela ze-gongfu cha kwakha isiko lokuzindla, elisiza ukwehlisa izinga lokucindezeleka nokubuyisela ukulingana ngokomzwelo.

9. Ukupheka:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 85–92°C. Ezinhlotsheni ezilula, ezigazingwe kancane — kusondele emngceleni ophansi (85–88°C), ukuze kungashiswa iphunga elimnandi. Kwezitayela ezigazingwe kakhudlwana — 90–95°C.
Inani letiye: Amagremu ayi-5–7 kwi-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gongfu); amagremu ama-2–3 kwi-200–250 ml (indlela yokugxilisa yaseYurophu).
Izitsha: Igaiwan yobumba (蓋碗, gàiwǎn) — inketho enhle kakhulu yama-oolong alula, egcizelela ukuhlanzeka kwephunga nokungaguquki kwencibilikizo. Iketela le-Yixing lobumba olunsomi (紫砂壺, zǐshā hú) lihle ezinhlotsheni ezigazingiwe — ubumba “buyindilinga” ukunambitheka futhi bungeze ukushelela okufana ne-velvet. Kuvunyelwe futhi iketela elincane lobumba. Ukuze uthole ukunambitha okuphelele, kuwusizo ukusebenzisa inkomishi yephunga ende (聞香杯, wénxiāng bēi).
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza zonke izitsha ngamanzi abilayo — lokhu kuzinzisa izinga lokushisa futhi kuveze amanothi okuqala ephunga lapho kufakwa itiye.
2. Thela itiye e-gaiwan noma eketeleni.
3. Ukugeza (uma kuthandwa): thela amanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha ngokushesha. Lesi sinyathelo “sivusa” amaqabunga asontshiwe.
4. Ukuthela kokuqala: imizuzwana engama-20–30. Hlola iphunga lesivalo se-gaiwan kanye nokuqala ukuswela — lokhu kubeka “indikimba” yeseshini.
5. Thela incibilikizo ezinkomeni.
6. Ukuthela okuphindaphindwayo: ukupheka okugcwele okuyisi-7–10. Yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5–10 ngokuthela ngakunye. Maphakathi neseshini amaqabunga avuleka ngokuphelele, futhi itiye libonisa isigaba esigcwele kakhulu — ubumnandi obuminyene nokunambitheka okunamandla okubuyela emuva.
Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokunambitha: Cishe u-60°C — kuleli zinga lokushisa ukunambitheka nephunga kubonwa ngokugcwele. Akunconywa ukuphuza ngaphambi kokudla nangaphambi kokulala.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukuvaleka: Gcina endaweni evalekile — ethaleni eliyi-foil elingenalutho, ethini lensimbi noma ebhodweni lobumba lesitoreji esivaliwe. Ama-oolong alula azwela kakhulu kumswakama namaphunga angaphandle.
Izinga lokushisa: Indawo epholile. Ezinhlotsheni ezigazingwe kancane kunconywa ukugcinwa efrijini (0–5°C) esitsheni esivalekile, ngaphandle kokuthintana nokudla. Izinhlobo ezigazingiwe zivumela ukugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile endaweni eyomile.
Ukuvikeleka ekukhanyeni: Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nokukhanya kwe-fluorescent — i-ultraviolet isheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-chlorophyll nezinhlanganisela ezinamaphunga.
Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukushisa, amaphunga angaphandle nokukhanya okuqondile — yizici ezine eziyinhloko ezinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwetiye.
Isikhathi sokugcina: Uma imibandela igcinwa — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12–18 ezinhlotsheni ezilula, kufinyelela eminyakeni emi-2 kulezo ezigazingiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iphunga lilahlekelwa ubusha, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka wokuqala.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Izinga lentengo: I-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha ingeyesigaba esiphakathi nesiphezulu sentengo yama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme aseThayiwani. Izinto ezinquma izindleko: ukuphakama kwensimu (uma iphakeme, iba shibhile kakhulu), inkathi yokukha (intwasahlobo nobusika kuthandwa kakhulu), indlela yokukhiqiza (ukukha ngesandla ngokuphelele nokugazinga ngamalahle kwandisa intengo), ubulungu esigabeni sokukhiqiza nokuthengisa saseShizhuo (uphawu olusemthethweni lwekhwalithi), imiphumela yokuncintisana kanye nodumo lomuzi othile. Itiye lesigaba “sokukhethwa okukhethekile” (特級, tèjí) lingabiza ngokuphindwe kaningana kunenqwaba evamile.
Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Thenga kubathengisi abanemvelaphi esobala yetiye — kuhle kakhulu uma kubalulwe ipulazi elithile noma isigaba sokukhiqiza nokuthengisa saseShizhuo esinophawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe “珠露” (inombolo yokubhalisa engu-No.01206100).
- Hlola ukufana kwamagrishi: i-Zhu Lu Cha yangempela inokusonta okuqinile, okulinganayo, umbala ofanayo oluhlaza okotshani omnyama onokucwebezela okunamafutha. Amagrishi akhululekile, angalingani noma afiphele — uphawu olukhathazayo.
- Hlola iphunga: itiye langempela linikeza iphunga lezimbali elihlanzekile, elintantayo ngaphandle “kwamakhemikhali” okwenziwa, ubuthuntu noma amanothi ane-acidic.
- Hlola incibilikizo: i-Zhu Lu Cha efanele — icacile, iluhlaza okotshani onjengoju, inokunambitheka okuhlanzekile okumnandi kanye nokunambitheka okubuyela emuva okuphawulekayo. Incibilikizo enodaka, ukunambitheka “okuyisicaba” noma ukubaba okukhulu kubonisa impahla eluhlaza yasemathafeni noma ukuphazamiseka ekukhiqizeni.
- Xwaya ngentengo esolisayo ephansi: i-oolong yasezintabeni eziphakeme enekhwalithi evela endaweni yaseShizhuo ayinakuba shibhile — ukukha ngesandla, umthamo omncane kanye nezimo zasezintabeni eziphakeme kukhuphula izindleko ngokusobala.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha — iwukuphela kwetiye phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseThayiwani, igama lalo elanikezwa mathupha nguMengameli wesekela wezwe. Nokho, u-Xie Dongmin wayenobuhlobo obukhethekile nemboni yetiye: nguye futhi owasungula igama elithi “Fushou Cha” (福壽茶, “Itiye lenhlanhla nokuphila isikhathi eside”) le-Eastern Beauty — i-Dongfang Meiren.
Igama elithi “Zhu Lu” — “amazolo ayigugu” — akusona isithombe sombongo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi incazelo enembile yesenzakalo somzimba: endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1 300–1 500 inkungu yasekuseni iyajiya ibe ngamathonsi amancane kakhulu, ahlala emaqabungeni etiye njengokuchitheka kwamagugu. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu “kuchela” ngamazolo kwemvelo kunikeza itiye ubusha obukhethekile.
Isifunda saseShizhuo sitholakala ku-47–53 wekhilomitha womgwaqo omkhulu wezintaba u-Alishani, maphakathi phakathi kwedolobha laseJiayi nendawo yokuphumula edumile yase-Alishani. Yilendawo ekahle eyenze i-Shizhuo yaba ngesinye sezifunda zetiye ezihanjelwa kakhulu esiqhingini — lapha kuhlangene izitolo zetiye ezingamashumi, amafemu kanye nezindlu zezivakashi kugudla umgwaqo.
Ububanzi bamasimu etiye esifundeni saseShizhuo bungaba ngamahektha angama-80–120 — lendawo incane ngokuqhathaniswa, okukhawulela umthamo wokukhiqiza futhi kwenza i-Zhu Lu Cha yangempela ibe umkhiqizo onomkhawulo ngempela.
Abalimi betiye baseShizhuo bakha enye yezinhlelo zokuqala zokulawula ikhwalithi ngokuhlanganyela eThayiwani: Isigaba Sokukhiqiza Nokuthengisa (產銷班) asigcinanga ngokwenza ubuchwepheshe bube yindinganiso, kodwa futhi sasungula izintengo ezifanele eziphansi, sivikele abalimi engcindezini yabalamuli — umkhuba owawungaphambili kakhulu kunesikhathi sawo ngamashumi eminyaka.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Ama-Oolong Asezintabeni Eziphakeme ZaseThayiwani:

Alishani Gaoshan Cha (阿里山高山茶, Ālǐshān Gāoshān Chá): Igama elijwayelekile lokuhweba lawo wonke ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme avela esifundeni sase-Alishani. I-Zhu Lu Cha — iyisigaba esincane, “esiphakeme” ngaphakathi kwe-Alishani Gaoshan Cha, esiboshelwe endaweni encane ethile yaseShizhuo futhi esivikelwe uphawu lokuhweba. Uma i-Alishani Gaoshan Cha ingavela kunoma iyiphi indawo yohlu lwezintaba olubanzi (kuhlanganisa nezindawo zaseLongmei, Xiding, Taihe, Guanghua nezinye), i-Zhu Lu Cha — ivela ngokuqinile eShizhuo nasezindaweni eziseduze.
I-Shanlinxi Oolong (杉林溪烏龍茶, Shānlínxī Wūlóng Chá): Ikhiqizwa endaweni yezintaba yaseShanlinxi (Isifunda saseNantou), ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1 400–1 800. Ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile nakakhulu, i-Shanlinxi inephunga elinophawu lwezinhlayiya ze-coniferous kanye ne-mint. Ukunambitheka — “kubanda” nakakhulu futhi kunamaminerali uma kuqhathaniswa nephrofayili emnandi-nezimbali ye-Zhu Lu Cha.
I-Lishan Oolong (梨山烏龍茶, Líshān Wūlóng Chá): Enye yama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme kakhulu eThayiwani (amamitha ayi-1 800–2 600). Itiye elivela entabeni i-Lishan liphawuleka ngokuthamba okukhethekile, ukukhanya “okunamaphepha” komzimba kanye nobumnandi obugqamile bezithelo (ipheya, ipetshisi). Uma kuqhathaniswa nalo i-Zhu Lu Cha iminyene kakhulu, “inothile” futhi yakheke kahle.
I-Dongding Oolong (凍頂烏龍茶, Dòngdǐng Wūlóng Chá): I-oolong yakudala yaseThayiwani evela esifundeni saseNantou, ekhiqizwa ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi kakhulu (amamitha angama-600–800). I-Dongding ngokwendabuko ithola ukugazingwa okunamandla, okunikeza amathoni aphawulekayo wamantongomane ne-caramel kanye nomzimba osindayo. I-Zhu Lu Cha ngesimo sayo sakudala — ilula, inezimbali futhi “inokuphakama” ngesimo.
I-Wenshan Baozhong (文山包種茶, Wénshān Bāozhǒng Chá): I-oolong evuthwe kancane evela esifundeni saseTaipei, enokugazingwa okuncane okuncane kanye nokuma okusontshiwe okunesimo esivamile (hhayi indilinga, kodwa ubude). I-Baozhong — “iluhlaza” kunawo wonke ema-oolong aseThayiwani, inamanothi agcwele we-lily of the valley kanye ne-gardenia. I-Zhu Lu Cha isondelene ne-Baozhong ngezinga lokufakwa kwe-oxygen, kodwa inomfutho omkhulu nokujula ngenxa yendawo yezintaba eziphakeme nokusonta okuyindilinga.

Sengiphetha:

I-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha — ingelinye lamatiye lapho uzwa indawo: umoya opholile wasezintabeni, inkungu yasekuseni emithambekeni eluhlaza, isandla esibekezelayo somlimi. “Amazolo ayo ayigugu” — akusona isingathekiso nje esihle, kodwa incazelo enembile yokuthi itiye lingaba njani lapho litshalwe emngceleni wamafu. Ukufakwa kwe-oxygen okuncane kugcina ubusha nokungaguquki kwezimbali, kanti ukugazingwa kwendabuko ngamalahle kwengeza ukujula nokuzinza, ngaphandle kokumboza isimo semvelo. Leli tiye alizivezi ngokushesha futhi hhayi ngenkomishi eyodwa — lidinga ukuthelwa okuningana ukuze libonise lonke uhla: kusuka emananothini ezimbali ze-orchid antantayo kuya ebumnandini boju kanye nokunambitheka okuthulile, okuhlala isikhathi eside, lapho kuhlala khona inkumbulo yokuphola kwezintaba eziphakeme. I-Alishani Zhu Lu Cha ifanele labo abakwazisa ubuhle ngaphandle kokugqama, ukujula ngaphandle kwesisindo futhi abafuna ukujwayelana nokunye kwezincazelo “ezihlanzeke” kakhulu zendawo yezintaba eziphakeme zaseThayiwani.