lǜchá zàoxíng

Isimo setiye eluhlaza akusona isigaba esihlukene, kodwa iyindawo enqamulayo yokuhlukanisa: umphumela wokusonga (róu niǎn 揉捻) nokubumba (zuò xíng 做形), ongena kuwo wonke amasiko esifunda futhi enze itiye laziwe ngisho nangaphambi kokufakwa emanzini. Ama-silhouette ayisishiyagalombili omthetho: 扁 · 卷曲螺 · 针 · 兰花 · 片 · 朵 · 颗粒珠 · 眉.

Kungani isimo simele indawo enqamulayo, hhayi uhlobo

Ohlelweni lwetiye eluhlaza lǜ chá 绿茶 ukubumba kuma ngokuhlukile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa (uhlobo, i-flush, indawo) kanye nendlela yokulungisa ukuhlaza (shā qīng 杀青 — ngokuqotsa, ngesitimu, nangobunye ubushisa) kusetha ‘ithrekhi’ yetiye, kodwa okokuqeda okuwumshini — indlela iqabunga elicindezeleke, lisongwe, ligoqwe noma lishiywe liphelele ngayo — okuqeda ukuguqula inqwaba yamahlamvu aluhlaza ibe umkhiqizo oqediwe onesimo sawo siqu. Okuyizimpawu ezimbili ezinkulu zetiye eluhlaza laseShayina kuchazwa ikakhulukazi isimo: lóng jǐng 龙井 — lena yindinganiso yesimo esiyisicaba, futhi bì luó chūn 碧螺春 — yindinganiso yesimo esisontiwe esiyi-spiral. Ezinye izimo zabelwa amathrekhi esifunda, kodwa ukucabanga kuyefana: isimo siyindawo yokugcina, ‘umbhalo wesandla’ wengcweti obonakalayo.

Ngezansi — ama-silhouette ayisishiyagalombili omthetho endaweni yesimo.

扁形 — isimo esiyisicaba (SH-BIAN)

Itiye eliyisicaba (biǎn xíng 扁形, liphinde libe biǎn píng 扁平) — iqabunga elicindezelekile, elibushelelezi, neliqondile. Litholakala ngokucindezela nokugingqa epanini elishisayo: isigaba esibalulekile — huī guō 辉锅 (ukuqeda ukugcina ngokucindezela), okwenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini. Inkomba yalesi simo — xī hú lóng jǐng 西湖龙井, iWest Lake Longjing yase-Hangzhou.

Umndeni oyisicaba uhlanganisa futhi lǎo zhú dà fāng 老竹大方 ne-qiān dǎo yù yè 千岛玉叶. Ngokubukekayo, leli tiye libukeka njengezinsimbi ‘ezinsikazi’ eziqondile — azisontiwe, azina-curls, zinendawo ebushelelezi ematshe. Isimo esihle esiyisicaba sifundeka ngokukhanya: amahlamvu aqondile, acindezelwe, angenawo amaqhubu noma ukugoba.

卷曲/螺形 — isimo esisontiwe esiyi-spiral (SH-LUO)

Lawa ama-curls ‘nezimnenke’ ezinoboya obuningi (háo xiǎn 毫显). Iqabunga lisongwa libe ama-spiral aqinile, lapho kubonakala khona ngokusobala uboya obuyisiliva bamathupha. Inkomba — dòng tíng bì luó chūn 洞庭碧螺春 nesidlaliso sayo esidumile sasemandulo xià shà rén xiāng 吓煞人香, ‘iphunga elethusayo ukufe’.

Kuleli qoqo elilodwa kukhona futhi dū yún máo jiān 都匀毛尖 ne-méng dǐng gān lù 蒙顶甘露. Uphawu lwekhwalithi lapha — ukuminyana kwe-curve nobuningi boboya: uma izinto zokusetshenziswa zizacile futhi ukusongwa ngesandla kunakekwe, ‘nenkene’ iba ncinane futhi ibe ntle.

针形/直条 — isimo esinjengenalithi, esiqondile (SH-ZHEN)

Inalithi eqondile ezacile. Incazelo yomthetho — xì yuán jǐn zhí 细圆紧直: izacile, iyisiyingi ekuqhekekeni, iqinile, futhi iqondile. Iqabunga lidonswa, lingavunyelwa ukuthi lisonge, kugcinwa ukuqonda.

Abameleli: nán jīng yǔ huā chá 南京雨花茶, ān huà sōng zhēn 安化松针, xìn yáng máo jiān 信阳毛尖. Isimo esinjengenalithi sikhuluma ngomthetho womugqa: izingcezu ezilinganayo ezizacile ezingagobile, ngokuvamile ezinoboya obubonakalayo ezintweni zamathupha zokusebenza.

兰花形 — isimo se-orchid (SH-LAN)

‘I-orchid’ — isimo esikhulu ngokomgomo othi liǎng yè bào yá 两叶抱芽: amahlamvu amabili agone ithupha, akhe ‘ipuleti-imbali’ elisicaba neliqondile, elidonsekile. Lesi yisona simo esikhulu samahlamvu phakathi kwezimo ezinhle.

Izakhamuzi — tài píng hóu kuí 太平猴魁 ne-shū chéng lán huā 舒城兰花. I-Houkui ibonwa ngokushesha: amahlamvu amabili amade, acindezelwe esicaba anethupha ngaphakathi, ayevame ukuba nombhalo wenethi endaweni. Lapha, okwaziswayo ubukhulu nokuphelela kwesakhiwo ‘esigonayo’.

片形 — isimo se-platelet (SH-PIAN)

Into eyingqayizivele kuyo yonke indawo. I-platelet (piàn xíng 片形) — iqabunga elilodwa ngaphandle kwethupha futhi ngaphandle kwesiqu. Umgomo wokucubungula — dān piàn 单片 ngokususwa kwethupha ne-petiole (qù yá qù gěng 去芽去梗).

Okuwukuphela kommeleli wakudala — liù ān guā piàn 六安瓜片. Lokhu kuhlukile emthethweni ojwayelekile othi ‘amathupha amaningi, izinga eliphakeme’: lapha ngamabomu kusetshenziswa iqabunga elivuthiwe elilodwa, okunikeza ‘imbewu yethanga’ eminyene, engenabo uboya, lapho yomile.

朵形/曲条 — iqabunga le-bud eliphelele (SH-DUO)

‘Imbali’ noma isiqu esincane esigobile (duǒ xíng 朵形 / qū tiáo 曲条) — isimo semvelo ‘solimi lukandlunkulu’ (què shé 雀舌) esinosongo oluncane. Iqabunga alidonswa libe yinalithi futhi alicindezelwa libe yisicaba: liyekwa ligcine i-silhouette yalo yemvelo, egobile kancane enjenge-bud.

Abameleli — huáng shān máo fēng 黄山毛峰 (ngokohlobo lwe-què shé) ne-lú shān yún wù 庐山云雾. Ukusongwa lapha kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke isimo sibukeka ‘siphila’, siyimvelo, sinamahlamvu avuleke kancane azungeze ithupha.

颗粒/珠形 — i-granule, iparele (SH-ZHU)

Ibhola eligoqiwe eliminyene. Lesi yisona simo esihlangene kakhulu: iqabunga lisongwa liba yi-granule ‘iparele’ eqinile. Eyakudala — píng shuǐ zhū chá 平水珠茶, ezimakethe ezithumela kwamanye amazwe yaziwa ngokuthi gunpowder, kanye ne-yǒng xī huǒ qīng 涌溪火青.

Itiye leparele ngokomlando beliwumkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: ukugoqeka okuminyene kuvikela kahle iqabunga, ngakho-ke leli tiye ligcinwa isikhathi eside futhi liyakwazi ukumelana nokuhanjiswa. Enkomishini, ama-granule ‘ayavuleka’ kancane kancane, enikeza ukugxilisa.

眉形 — isimo seshiya (SH-MEI)

‘Ishiya’ (méi xíng 眉形, i-eyebrow) — iqabunga elide eligobile, elifana neshiya. Lokhu kungumkhiqizo wokucubungulwa kabusha kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinde eziqotsiwe cháng chǎo qīng 长炒青 okulandelwa ukucwengwa (精制).

Ngaphansi kwe-umbrella ye-méi chá 眉茶 kunezigaba ezihlungiwe — zhēn méi 珍眉, gòng xī 贡熙, tè zhēn 特针. Itiye leshiya liyinto enkulu ethunyelwa yiShayina kwamanye amazwe (kuhlanganise nezingxenyana ezichotshoziweyo nezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, 绿碎/出口). Isimo sitholakala hhayi esigabeni sokuhlukanisa kokuqala, kodwa njengomphumela wokucwengwa okulandelayo nokuhlungwa kwe-chaoqing ende.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani izimo ngokwenziwayo

Ikhono eliyinhloko — ukufunda iqabunga elomile ‘njengesiginesha’ yobuchwepheshe:

• Isicaba ngokumelene nenalithi: zombili ziqondile, kodwa esicaba — sicindezelwe ‘njengezinsimbi’ (umkhondo we-huī guō), esiyinalithi — siyisiyingi esigabeni, sizacile futhi siqinile (xì yuán jǐn zhí).
• I-spiral ngokumelene ne-granule: i-spiral (luó 螺) — i-curl evulekile enoboya obubonakalayo; i-granule (zhū 珠) — ibhola eliminyene elivaliwe elingenalo uboya, eligoqwe ‘limile’.
• I-orchid ngokumelene ne-platelet: i-orchid — iqabunga elikhulu elimbili, eligone ithupha (liǎng yè bào yá); i-platelet — iqabunga elingenayo ithupha nesiqu ngamabomu (ubungqayizivele be-六安瓜片).
• Imbali ngokumelene nenalithi: ‘imbali’ (duǒ) igcina ukugoba kwemvelo nokuvuleka kwe-què shé; inalithi — iqondisiwe futhi yeluliwe.
• Ishiya: i-arc ende egobile — umaka we-cháng chǎo qīng ecwengiwe, hhayi itiye elisha ‘linegama’ lasentwasahlobo.

Ukuqonda indawo yesimo kusiza ukuthi ungadidanisi indawo nobuchwepheshe: isifunda esisodwa singakhiqiza itiye eliyisicaba neliyi-spiral, futhi i-silhouette eyaziwayo — lona njalo wuhlangano phakathi kohlobo, indlela yokulungisa ukuhlaza, nalokho kunyakaza kokugcina kwesandla noma komshini lapho iqabunga lithola khona i-geometry yalo yokugcina.