Bǎiliǎng chá shíliǎng chá

I-Bailiang ne-shiliang yizinga elincane, “lasekhaya” lobuchwepheshe obufanayo obwaveza “inkosi yetiye”. Zingamalungu omndeni we-huā juǎn (花卷) — uhlu lwama-posticha acindezelwe e-hēichá asuka esifundeni sase-Anhua, lapho isisindo esifakwe egameni ngokwalo sakha isitebhisi kusukela ku-shí liǎng chá (十两茶) omncane kuya ku-qiān liǎng chá (千两茶) wodumo.

Umsuka kanye nendawo

Wonke ama-huā juǎn angamalungu omndeni omkhulu wetiye elimnyama lase-Anhua (安化黑茶, Ānhuà hēichá) esifundazweni saseHunan. Lena indawo enezintaba enesimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama, inkungu nomhlabathi ocebile ngamatshe agugulekile — izimo lapho kukhula khona impahla eluhlaza enamaqabunga amakhulu, athambile elungele ukuvutshelwa isikhathi eside nokuvuthwa iminyaka eminingi.

Umthetho wemikhiqizo yase-Anhua uchazwa ngefomula ethi «三尖三砖一卷» (sān jiān sān zhuān yī juǎn) — “ama-tips amathathu, izitini ezintathu, umqingo owodwa”. “Umqingo owodwa” (一卷) wumugqa we-huā juǎn ohlanganisa ama-posticha azo zonke izilinganiso zesisindo. I-Bailiang ne-shiliang zimi endaweni efanayo ne-qianliang, zihluke kuyo ngosayizi nesisindo kuphela.

Impahla eluhlaza kanye nezinga

Isisekelo sawo wonke umugqa yi-black máochá (黑毛茶, hēi máochá) yezinga lesibili nelesithathu (二-三级). Lena impahla eluhlaza egayiwe emahhadlha, enamaqabunga avuthiwe neziqu — yilokhu okunikeza “imiqingo” ukuminyana, ukwakheka namandla okuguga iminyaka eminingi. Izinga elithambile le-máochá liya ematiyeni “anezihloko” ochungechungeni lwe-sān jiān (天尖, 贡尖), kanti kuma-posticha kubaluleke kakhulu umthamo, amandla wesisindo esicindezelwe kanye nekhono lokuvuthwa ngokulinganayo emashumini eminyaka.

Umqondo wesitebhisi sezisindo

Igama lomkhiqizo ngamunye yisilinganiso esidala sesisindo 两 (liǎng). Isilinganiso salolu chungechunge yi-qianliang — “inkulungwane liǎng”, iposticha elinesisindo esicishe sibe 36.25 kg nobude obucishe bube 1.65 m. Ezinye izilinganiso zakhiwe ngokuzungeza yena:

十两茶 (shí liǎng chá) — “ishumi liǎng”, ifomethi encane kunazo zonke;
百两茶 (bǎi liǎng chá) — “ikhulu liǎng”;
五百两 (wǔ bǎi liǎng) — “amakhulu amahlanu liǎng”;
千两 (qiān liǎng) — “inkulungwane liǎng”, iposticha eliyisilinganiso;
万两 (wàn liǎng) — “izinkulungwane eziyishumi liǎng”, inkulu kunazo zonke.

Njengoba isisindo sinqunywe ngenani lama-liǎng amadala, i-bailiang ne-shiliang zilula ngokulinganayo kune-qianliang — akusewona ama-posticha amakhulu “obukhosi”, kodwa amakholomu amancane efomethi yasekhaya neyesipho. Ubuncane yibo obenza i-bailiang ibe ngumkhiqizo olungele ukuhwebelana ezindaweni ezikude.

Ubuchwepheshe: 踩制 — “ukunyathela” umqingo

Isiginesha eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe bawo wonke lo chungechunge yi-cǎi zhì (踩制), ukunyakana ngesandla nokuqiniswa kwetiye libe isilinda esiminyene. I-Bailiang ne-shiliang zenziwa ngendlela efanayo ne-qianliang, kuphela ngezinga elincane. Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi kumi kanje:

汽蒸 (qì zhēng) — ukufaka umusi ku-máochá ukuze iqabunga lithambe futhi libe lula.
装篓 (zhuāng lǒu) — ukufaka itiye elifudumele ebhodweni elilukiwe loqalo i-miè lǒu (篾篓). “Isembozo” sangaphakathi seposticha sinezendlalelo eziningi: i-palm fiber (棕, zōng) namaqabunga e-persicaria (蓼叶, liǎo yè) akha isendlalelo sangaphakathi sesixhobo soqalo, akha “ihembe” lomqingo elijwayelekile.
滚踩压绞锤 (gǔn cǎi yā jiǎo chuí) — ukugoqa, ukunyathela ngezinyawo, ukucindezela nokuqiniswa nge-lever- “isando”. Iqembu lezingcweti liyagoqa futhi liqinise iposticha, lifinyelele ukuminyana okukhulu.
日晒夜露 (rì shài yè lù) — “emini elangeni, ebusuku emazolini”. Ama-posticha aphelele agecinwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka izinsuku ezingaba ngu-50, lapho ukushintshashintsha kokushisa nomswakama kuqala ukuguquka okuhamba kancane kwe-microbial nokuvutshelwa ngaphakathi kwesisindo esicindezelwe.

Lesi sigaba “selanga namazolo” sibalulekile: sihlukanisa i-huā juǎn ezitini zochungechunge lwe-sān zhuān, ezomiswa emakamelweni lapho izinga lokushisa lilawulwa khona. Ukuvuthwa kwemvelo ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka yikho okunikeza ama-posticha ukujula kwawo okukhethekile.

Amazinga kanye nesimo

I-Anhua black tea ihlelwe njengesigaba esizimele se-hēichá ohlelweni lwamazinga kazwelonke e-PRC. Inani elikhethekile le-huā juǎn liqinisekiswa nesimo samasiko: ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye le-qianliang bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu kazwelonke angaphatheki amasiko (国家级非物质文化遗产) ngo-2008. I-Bailiang ne-shiliang, ezenziwe ngendlela efanayo ye-cǎi zhì, zizuza le nkambiso yobuciko ngezinga elincane.

Ukunambitheka nokuphisa

Imiqingo ingeyesitayela esithi “indala, inephunga limnandi kakhudlwana” (越陈越香, yuè chén yuè xiāng). Itiye elincane lisagcina inothi elihhadlha lezinkuni, kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka lithola ubumnene: ukukhishwa kwamanzi kuba umbala o-amber omnyama, okuminyene, kunephunga elimidala “elindala” (陈香, chén xiāng), ukunambitheka okumnandi futhi cishe akunakukloloda.

Njengoba isisindo sinyakene saba namandla okwetshe, ngaphambi kokuphisa, idiski eliyisicaba liyasarhwa noma lihlifwe epositheni, bese lihlakazwa libe yizicucu ezincane. I-Bailiang ne-shiliang, amadiski azo mancane kunase-qianliang, kulula ukukwenza kunokusebenza neposticha elinzima elingamakhilogremu angu-36. Itiye livela kahle ngokuthelwa okuphindaphindiwe ku-gaiwan noma eketeleni, futhi impahla eluhlaza eminyene emahhadlha yemiqingo evuthiwe nayo ilungele ukuphekwa.

Umlando namasiko

Umugqa we-huā juǎn wazalwa ngenxa yesidingo sezohwebo. I-Bailiang njengefomu ibhalwe kusukela esikhathini sokubusa kukaDaoguang (清道光) wamandla obukhosi be-Qing: ixhunyaniswa nabathengisi baseShaanxi (陕商, shǎn shāng), ababedinga itiye elijwayelekile, elipakishwe ngokuminyene futhi elimelana nezithuthi emizileni yamakhara. Kulesi sidingo sezohwebo kamuva kwavela nezilinganiso ezinkudlwana kuze kufike e-qianliang — iposticha elaqanjwa ngokuthi “inkosi yetiye emhlabeni” (世界茶王).

Ubuchwepheshe bokunyakana kwama-posticha bunzima, futhi esikhathini sezimboni, ingxenye yomkhiqizo yathathelwa indawo yi-huā zhuān (花砖) — “isitini esihlotshisiwe” esinomhlobiso emaphethelweni, okukhishwa kwaso kusukela ngo-1958 kwaba indlela encane yokungena esikhundleni se-qianliang enkulu. Kodwa imiqingo ngokwayo isindile njengesiko eliphilayo lobuciko nokuqoqwa, futhi isitebhisi sezisindo kusukela ku-shiliang kuya ku-wanliang sihlala siwuphawu lwako olwaziwayo.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani

Ifomu nokulukwa. I-huā juǎn yangempela iyiposticha eliyisilinda elisesembathweni soqalo olulukiwe olunesendlalelo sangaphakathi se-palm fiber namaqabunga e-persicaria; ububanzi nobude buhambisana ngqo negama lesisindo.
Isilinganiso ngokumelene negama. Ingxenye yegama eyinombolo isisindo kuma-liǎng amadala: i-shiliang incane, i-bailiang inkulu kakhudlwana, i-qianliang iyisilinganiso esingaba ngu-~36 kg no ~1.65 m. Ukungahambisani kosayizi negama elishiwo kuwuphawu oluyiqiniso.
Imikhondo ye-踩制. Iposticha enyakanyiwe liminyene ngokwedlulele; endaweni yokuhlifwa kubonakala ukwakheka okuqinile, okunezendlalelo zamaqabunga amahhadlha acindezelwe aneziqu zezinga lesibili nelesithathu.
Iphunga lokuvuthwa. Umqingo ovuthiwe ukhipha i-chén xiāng ehlanzekile engenawo umkhuhlane wesikhunta; ukukhishwa kwamanzi kusobala, kumbala o-amber omnyama, kunokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Umehluko ezitini. Ngokungafani ne-fú zhuān (茯砖), imiqingo ayinayo “imbali yegolide” (金花) njengesiginesha eyimpoqo, futhi ukusuka ku-hēi zhuān naku-huā zhuān kuhluke nge-cylindrical shape kanye nesigaba “selanga namazolo” ekukhiqizeni.

I-Bailiang ne-shiliang kungumqondo ofanayo we-Anhua scroll njengowomdumile we-qianliang, kodwa ngesilinganiso somuntu: uminyene ngokwanele ukuhlala ekhaya, futhi muhle ngokwanele ukuvuthwa iminyaka.