Zūnyì Máofēngchá

Zūnyì Máofēngchá (遵义毛峰茶, Zūnyì máofēngchá) yitiye laseGuizhou eliluhlaza, elakhiwe ngo-1974 yiGuizhou Tea Research Institute ukuhlonipha iminyaka engamashumi amane yeZunyi Meeting (遵义会议, Zūnyì Huìyì, 1935)—umcimbi oguqulayo emlandweni weQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseShayina. Lokhu kuyisibonelo esingajwayelekile setiye elingazange lizalwe ngaphakathi kwesiko lasendulo, kodwa njengomzamo wokwakha ngokwesayensi ohlelwe ngenhloso yokufaka izimpawu: yonke into ebonakala ngaphandle inencazelo ethile yenguquko. Naphezu kwesizinda sokusungula esoqobo, itiye lazuzwa ukuqashelwa ikakhulukazi ngekhwalithi yalo—kakade ngo-1983 lalingenye yamatiye anegama kuzwelonke.

1. Isigaba Nobuvelo:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), alivuthisiwe.
• Isigaba: Amatiye aseGuizhou anegama; umkhiqizo onophawu lwezwe lwendawo (kusukela ngo-1983—elingelinye lamatiye okuqala athola indondo kazwelonke yekhwalithi).
• Ivelo: IShayina, Isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu shěng), Umkhandlu wedolobha waseZunyi (遵义市, Zūnyì shì), Isifunda saseMeitan (湄潭县, Méitán xiàn). Isizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza—izingadi zocwaningo zetiye zeGuizhou Tea Research Institute (贵州省茶叶研究所, Guìzhōu shěng Cháyè Yánjiūsuǒ) edolobhaneni laseMeijiang (湄江镇), okuyizingadi ezinomthelela kuze kufike ku-90% womkhiqizo oyisipesheli.
• Izikhombisi-nhlangothi zendawo: cishe 27°45′ N, 107°30′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Umlando wetiye eMeitan uhlehlela emuva kakhulu. Kakade uLu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “Chajing” (茶经, Chá Jīng, “Ithembukazi Letiye”, sekhulunyaka lesi-8) uyasho: “Itiye liyazalwa eSizhou, eBozhou, eFeizhou, naseYizhou… lapho livamise ukuvunwa futhi ukunambitheka kwalo kumnandi”—ngokusobala elithi “Yizhou” (夷州) lisho indawo ehlanganisa iMeitan yesimanje. Ezikhathini zobukhosi beMing neQing, itiye lendawo lalithunyelwa enkantolo njengegongcha (贡茶, gòngchá—“umhlatshelo wamatiye”).

  Eminyakeni yempi elwa neJapane (1937–1945) isikhungo sezolimo esiphezulu sasebudlelwaneni (Central Agricultural Research Institute) sasuswa eZhejiang sathuthelwa eMeitan, lapho kwasebenza khona isiteshi sokujwayeza amatiye (中农所湄潭茶试验场). Lesi sigameko sakha isisekelo sesayensi sokulinywa kwetiye kwesimanje eMeitan futhi sahambisa nezitshalo nezindlela ezintsha ezithuthukile zaleso sikhathi.

  Ngo-1974 iGuizhou Tea Research Institute yakha iZūnyì Máofēngchá ikakhulukazi ukukhumbula iminyaka engamashumi amane yomhlangano waseZunyi—umzuzu obalulekile emlandweni weQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseShayina (uJanuwari 1935), lapho uMao Zedong eqala ngokusemthethweni ukuhola i-Long March. Abasunguli betiye bafaka ekubukekeni kwalo uhlelo lwezimpawu: amaqabunga aqinile, aqondile amelela umoya ongagobile wamasosha e-Red Army; ukucwebezela okumhlophe-siliva kothuliya kumelela ukukhanya okungapheli komoya womhlangano waseZunyi; iphunga elinamandla nokuphikelela limelela ukungazimeli kwemibono yenguquko.

  Ngo-1981 itiye lathola indondo ngokufeza kwezesayensi eSifundazweni saseGuizhou. Ngo-1983 lathola umklomelo wekhwalithi ovela kuMnyango Kazwelonke Wezolimo, Ezifuyo Nezokudoba (国家农牧渔业部优质产品奖), lalengenele ematiyeni anegama kuzwelonke. Ngo-2024 indawo yamasimu etiye eMeitan yayicishe ibe yi-200,000 mu (≈ 13,333 ha), umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqizwa kwetiye elomile—amathani ayi-15,000, inani elihlanganisiwe lomkhiqizo—ngaphezulu kuka-1 billion yuan.

• Igama: 遵义 (Zūnyì)—igama lomkhandlu wedolobha, elihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa noMhlangano waseZunyi ka-1935. 毛峰 (Máofēng)—“isiqongo esinobuthi” (pinnacle enobuthi)—igama lesigaba elijwayelekile amatiye aluhlaza anothuliyi omhlophe omningi namaphuzu acijelile amahlumela, akhe umumo “weziqongo” weqabunga. 茶 (Chá)—itiye.

• Incazelo yamasiko: IZūnyì Máofēngchá ithatha indawo eyingqayizivele kumkhuba wamatiye waseShayina njenge tiye elinohlelo olucacile lwezinguquko—into ecishe ingabi khona eminye. Yonke ingxenye yokubukeka kwetiye ixhumene ngokunengqondo nezimpawu zenguquko, futhi le “ndabakhelwe ngaphakathi” ikwenza kube yisiphuzo nesikhumbuzo ngasikhathi sinye. IMeitan, ebizwa ngegama elithi “I-Jiangnan Encane” (小江南) ngenxa yesimo sezulu esimnene nezindawo ezinhle, iyisifunda esikhulu kakhulu sokukhiqiza itiye eGuizhou futhi ingomunye wabaholi eShayina: kulesi sifunda kukhona “Zhongguo Chacheng” (中国茶城, “Idolobha Lamatiye LaseShayina”)—imakethe enkulu yamatiye eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ngaphandle kweZūnyì Máofēngchá, lapha kukhiqizwa amatiye adumile anjengeMeitan Cuiya (湄潭翠芽), iLanxin Queshe (兰馨雀舌) netiye elibomvu i-”Zunyi Hong” (遵义红).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Neziphako:

• Izinhlobo / Uhlobo Lwakulinywa: Uhlobo oluyinhloko—iFuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá), eyisitshalo esiyikloni, enamaqabunga aphakathi, enamandla okukhiqiza amahlumela amaningi nokumelana namakhaza kahle. Iphawuleka ngamahlumela awugqinsi, anothuliyi, anikela ngothuliyi omningi omhlophe etiyeni seluphelile. Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali: polyphenols ≥25%, amino acids ≥3.0%, umjovo wamanzi ≥43%—inhlanganisela enikeza iphunga elinamandla nokuqina ekusetshenzisweni okuphindaphindiwe.
• Ukuvuna: Unyaka nonyaka ngesikhathi esizungeza i-Qingming—cishe izinsuku eziyi-10–15 ngaphambi nangemuva kwayo (ekupheleni kukaMashi—phakathi no-Aphreli). Amahlumela etiye, alondoloze izinto ezithile ebusika, ngalesi sikhathi akhiqiza amahlumela athambile anothuliyi omningi.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Uhlobo olukhethekile (特级)—i-flag bud elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa ekuqaleni kokuvuleka, ubude ≤2.5 cm; ukukhiqiza amagremu angama-500 etiye oluhlobo olukhethekile kudingeka amahlumela acishe abe ngu-50,000. Ibanga lokuqala—i-flag bud elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa, ubude 2.5–3.0 cm. Ibanga lesithathu—i-flag bud elilodwa namacembe amabili, ubude 3.0–3.5 cm.
• Izidingo zeziphako: Amahlumela kufanele abe mathanyelwe, afanane, ngaphandle kokulimala nokungcola.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu nokwakheka komhlaba: IMeitan itholakala endaweni enamagquma athambile emaphethelweni oLuhlu Lwezintaba lweDalou (大娄山, Dàlóu Shān), ekuphakameni okungu-800–1,200 m. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi—16–18 °C, imvula yonyaka—1,200–1,500 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezininkungu—ngaphezulu kuka-180, ingxenye yokukhanya okuhlakazekile—ngaphezu kuka-70%. Yizinhlanganisela zomswakama omkhulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi, nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okwakha iphrofayili yephunga elithambile nokuqukethwe okuningi kwama-amino acid.
• Ukuphakama kokuhluma: 800–1,200 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ephuzi eneasidi (黄壤, huáng rǎng), i-pH 4.5–5.5, okuqukethwe yinto ephilayo ≥1.5%. Inhlabathi inothile nge-zinc ne-selenium—isici esivelele se-Guizhou enomhlaba we-karst, esikhulisa ukubaluleka kwamaminerali etiye. Amanzi ahlinzekwa umfula iMei (湄江, Méi Jiāng), owela sonke isifunda; izinga lamanzi lihambelana nezinga likahulumeni le-I.
• Izici ezikhethekile zokutshala: Isici esiyingqayizivele samasimu eMeitan—“ibhande lezitshalo ezinuka kamnandi lokuzivikela” (芳香隔离带): nxazonke zizingadi zetiye kutshalwe i-osmanthus (桂花, guìhuā), i-pomelo (柚子, yòuzi), crape myrtle (紫薇, zǐwēi—i-lagerstroemia) nezinye izitshalo ezinuka kamnandi. Zenza umsebenzi okabili: zixosha izinambuzane futhi zenza ukuthi eqabungeni letiye kunqwabelane izinto ezinuka kamnandi ngokuthi “kuvundlelwe amakha”—into echazwe ososayensi bezolimo eMeitan. Isimo sendawo se-karst eGuizhou sakha umgudu wemvula wemvelo: imigodi engaphansi komhlaba kanye ne-limestone enezimbotshana kuvimbela ukuba amanzi adonsele ezingcanjini, ngenkathi kunika amaminerali ezingeni eliphezulu emanzini enhlabathini. Le nqubo yemvelo ingenye yezizathu ezenza amatiye aluhlaza aseGuizhou ahluke ngokuthi “acacile ngamaminerali” ngokunambitheka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe busekelwe esimisweni esithi “ukulondoloza kathathu—ukuphakamisa okukodwa” (三保一高, sān bǎo yī gāo): ukulondoloza umbala ohlaza ngokucwebezela, ukulondoloza uthuliyi emzimbeni weqabunga, ukulondoloza indlebe ecijile yehlumela—kanye nokuzuza iphunga elinamandla neliphikelelayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng): Amahora angu-2–3 ukuze ulahlekelwe umswakama ngokwengxenye futhi ulungiselele ukugxilisa.
2. “Ukubulawa kokuhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Ukugxilisa ngesigubhu ku-120–140 °C. Kufakwa amagremu angu-250–350 eqabunga ngesikhathi. Indlela yokuhlola ukuthi sekwenziwe: amahlumela agxilile ngokuphelele, athambile ngokufana, umswakama olahlekile—cishe 35%.
3. Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokugxilisa, ngenkathi iqabunga lisashisa. Ukucindezela okuncane kwakha umugqa wokuqala weqabunga; ukugoqa kuyekwa lapho kuvela ukunambitheka okuncane kokuncangatheka (isibonakaliso sokuphuma kwejusi leseli).
4. Ukomisa nokulolonga (干燥, gānzào): Isigaba esibalulekile, esihlanganisa izinqubo ezintathu ezilandelanayo ngokwehlisa amazinga okushisa: “ukugoqa ukuze kube mncane” (揉紧, róu jǐn) ku-~80 °C → “ukugingqa kube yindilinga” (搓圆, cuō yuán) ku-~50 °C → “ukulungisa ukuze uqonde” (理直, lǐ zhí) ku-~40 °C. Esigabeni sika-50 °C uchwepheshe ugingqa ngesandla futhi alungise iqembu ngalinye, eqaphela ngokungenakuyekwa ukuthi uthuliyi omhlophe ungasuki ebusweni beqabunga (茸毫不离体). Ukusetshenziswa komshini ocindezelayo kulesi sigaba akuvunyelwe nhlobo—kungenziwa kuphela ngesandla.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngemizwa:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga azacile, aminyene, aqondile, anesigaba esiyindilinga (紧细圆直), aluhlaza okotshani ngokucwebezela okunamafutha (翠绿油润). Uthuliyi omhlophe uningi, ucwebezela njengesiliva (银毫显露). Izindebe zamahlumela zigciniwe—zicijile futhi zicacile.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elithambile, elincane (嫩香, nèn xiāng)—iphunga lamahlumela amasha, elijwayelekile kumatiye aluhlaza asentwasahlobo asezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuluhlaza okuncane kanye nomthunzi omncane wotshani obusanda kugandaywa.
• Iphunga lonambithekelayo: Eliphakeme neliphikelelayo, ngokuluhlaza okumsulwa kanye namaphethelo afana nezimbali zasentwasahlobo. Iphunga elisekomishini elibandayo lihlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyisi-8—inkomba eyeqa kakhulu izinga eliphakathi lamatiye aluhlaza.
• Ukunambitheka: Kumsulwa, kuthambile (清醇, qīng chún), kusha (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng), ngobuhlungu obuncane kanye nokubabayo. Emuva kokunambitheka—kunesijingi esicacile (回甘), esisuka ngokushintsha kube ubumnandi obude. Ukuba khona okuningi kwama-amino acid (≥3.0%) kunika ukunambitheka “umzimba” othambile ngaphandle kokusinda.
• Umbala wonambithekelayo: Oluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo, omsulwa nokucacile (碧绿明净), ngokucwebezela okuyisici.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Kuluhlaza ngokuthambile, kufana, ngamaphuzu acinile anakekeliwe amahlumela, avuleka abe “izimbali” (芽尖鲜活成朵).

7. Ingqungquthela Yamakhemikhali:

• I-polyphenols (amakhatikhini): ≥25%—inkomba elinganiselayo ngetiye eliluhlaza, enika ukunambitheka okuthambile ngaphandle kobabayo olweqile.
• Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine): ≥3.0%—izinga eliphezulu, elakha ubumnandi, ubutsha kanye “nomzimba” wokunambitheka. Isilinganiso sama-amino acid kuya kuma-polyphenol sihle, okuchaza ukungabikho kwesibhicongo esibi.
• Umjovo wamanzi: ≥43%—ukuphuma okuningi, okuqinisekisa ukubekezela ekusetshenzisweni okuphindaphindiwe.
• Ikhofeyini: Ngokwemithombo, isilinganiso sekhofeyini eZūnyì Máofēngchá singaphezu ngo-15% kwesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza asebangeni elifanayo, okunika umphumela ocacile wokuvuselela.
• Ama-microelements: I-zinc ne-selenium—umphumela wezimo zomhlaba we-karst eGuizhou, ezenza amaminerali emanzini enhlabathini. Lawa ma-elementi akhuphula ukubaluleka kokudla kwetiye.
• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C, amavithamini B, uvithamini K.
• Amafutha abalulekile: Ama-compounds anuka kamnandi athambile, “amancane”, akha iphunga eliyisici le-”nenxiang” (嫩香)—iphunga lamahlumela amancane.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

1. Umphumela wokuvuselela: Isilinganiso esiphezulu sekhofeyini nokuhlanganiswa ne-L-theanine kunika amandla acacile, kodwa athambile, asheshisa izinqubo zomzimba.
2. Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Amakhatikhini aqeda ama-free radicals; ngokwemithombo, ukusebenza kahle kwama-polyphenol aseZūnyì Máofēngchá kuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-15 kunesilinganiso sikavithamini E.
3. Ukusiza ukugayeka: Amakhatikhini avimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme akhiqiza amafutha, enze kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwama-lipids ngemuva kokudla.
4. Ukusekelwa kohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ukuphuzwa njalo kwetiye eliluhlaza kuhlotshaniswa nokwehliswa kwe-LDL-cholesterol.
5. Ukuthola amaminerali: I-zinc ne-selenium kusekela amasosha omzimba nempilo yesikhumba.
6. Ukusekelwa kwengqondo: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-alpha wave ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi inciphise ukukhathazeka.
7. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba: Ama-antioxidants kanye novithamini C kwehlisa ukuguga kwesikhumba okubangelwa yilanga ngokuphuzwa njalo.

9. Ukuphuza (Ukuhlanganisa):

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80 °C (ngohlobo olukhethekile—75 °C). Amanzi abilile kufanele aphole cishe imizuzwana engama-90.
• Inani letiye: Amagremu amathathu ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
• Isitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo ukuze ubuke ukuvuleka kwamahlumela (观茶舞) noma i-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain ukuze iminyene iphunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Indlela yokuthela phakathi nendawo (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thela amanzi ufike engxenyeni engu-1/3 yomthamo ukuze “uvuse” iqabunga (润茶, rùn chá), linda imizuzu emi-3, bese uphelelisa ufike engxenyeni engu-7/10 yomthamo.
  4. Ukumnika kokuqala—imizuzu emi-2–3.
  5. 3–4 kokuphuza okulandelayo ngokukhulisa isikhathi.
• Izincomo: Akunconywa ukuphuza ngaphandle kokudla (izinto ezinomunxa zingacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu); isikhathi esihle—ngemuva kwehora usudlile. Umthamo wansuku zonke—ungabi ngaphezu kwama-600 ml. Lapho uphuza amaphilisi aqukethe i-iron, linda okungenani amahora amabili.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okuvaleka ngokuphelele, ukuvikela ekukhanyeni, emaphungeni nasemswakeni. Amaphakethe e-aluminium atshiswe nge-vacuum noma amathini kathayela anezivalo eziminyene.
• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (iqandisini); isikhathi sokuphila—izinyanga eziyi-12.
• Ngemuva kokuvula: Gcina efrijini esitsheni esivalwe ngokuminyene; ungakhiphi njalo. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa ingxenye yezinsuku eziyi-1–2, bese inqwaba eyinhloko igcinwe ingathintwanga.
• Kubalulekile: Ngaphambi kokuvula, yenza ukuba iphakethe lifike ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni lisavaliwe.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

• Izinkomba zamanani: Uhlobo olukhethekile—kusukela ku-800 yuan/jin nangaphezulu (ukucutshungulwa ngesandla, iziphako eziphuma ezingadini zocwaningo zeTea Research Institute). Ibanga lokuqala—300–600 yuan/jin. Ibanga lesithathu—kusukela ku-80–150 yuan/jin (ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, iziphako zamatiye asemaphaketheni).
• Izinto ezithinta intengo: Izinga lokuvuna (amahlumela angu-50,000 ngamagremu angama-500 ohlobo olukhethekile—inqubo enzima kakhulu), umsebenzi wezandla noma womshini, isizini, udumo lomkhiqizi.
• Indlela yokugwema izinto zomgunyathi:
  • Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe bezinkampani zamatiye zaseMeitan noma ngqo emakethe yase “Zhongguo Chacheng” eMeitan.
  • Itiye langempela kufanele libe namaqabunga aqondile, azacile anothuliyi omhlophe ocacile futhi amaphuzu acinile anakekeliwe.
  • Iphunga—lithambile, “lincane”, ngaphandle kwamanothezi e-castnut noma okugazingiwe (ngokungafani nama-maojian aseHunan).
  • Ukunambitheka—kumsulwa, kuluhlaza okotshani; ukungacaci noma ukuphuzi kuyisibonakaliso sokushintshwa noma ukugcinwa okungalungile.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo “yohlobo olukhethekile”—inkomba eqinisekile yomgunyathi.

12. Amaphuzu Anentshisekelo:

1. Itiye lesikhumbuzo: IZūnyì Máofēngchá ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa aseShayina lapho, ngenkathi kusungulwa, kwakhiwe uhlelo lwezimpawu oluhleliwe. Ukuqonda kwamaqabunga, ukucwebezela kothuliyi, ukuphikelela kwephunga—konke kunencazelo “yenguquko”. Lokhu kwenza kube yinhloko yamasiko, hhayi nje isiphuzo.

2. Ifa lesikhathi sempi: Ukuthuthela kweCentral Agricultural Research Institute eMeitan ngonyaka wempi neJapane (1939–1946) kwaholela ekubeni lesi sifunda sibe nesisekelo sesayensi esisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuyisisekelo sa sona sakamuva kwasungulwa iGuizhou Tea Research Institute, eyakha iZūnyì Máofēngchá. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ochwepheshe ababesusiwe bahamba nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula baseZhejiang, futhi umthelela wabo uyazwakala namanje ekulinyweni kwetiye eMeitan—ikakhulukazi, iMeitan Cuiya yendawo ikhiqizwa ngokwadaptwa kobuchwepheshe be-Long Jing, obabolekwe kanye ngaleso sikhathi.

3. “Uthango olunuka kamnandi”: Umkhuba wokutshala i-osmanthus, i-pomelo kanye ne-crape myrtle nxazonke zizingadi zetiye—yikhadi lokuvakasha lezemvelo laseMeitan. Kukholelwa ukuthi izinto ezinuka kamnandi ezikhiqizwa yilezi zitshalo zifakwa eqabungeni letiye ngesikhathi sokukhula, zinikeze ukujula kwezimbali okungavamile ematiyeni aluhlaza.

4. Amahlumela angu-50,000 ngekhilogremu elilodwa: Ukukhiqiza amagremu angama-500 ohlobo olukhethekile kudingeka kuvunwe futhi kucutshungulwe ngesandla amahlumela acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu—umsebenzi odinga izinsuku ezimbalwa zomsebenzi wezandla oqhubekayo.

5. Ukuvinjelwa kokusebenzisa umshini ocindezelayo: Esigabeni sokugcina sokususa umswakama nokulolonga akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ecindezelayo—kungenziwa kuphela ukugingqa ngesandla ku-50 °C. Lena enye yezinqubo eziqinile kakhulu zomsebenzi wezandla phakathi kwamatiye anamuhla aluhlaza aseGuizhou, eqinisekisa ukuba uthuliyi ulondolozeke “emzimbeni” weqabunga.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseGuizhou:

• IMeitan Cuiya (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuìyá): Isifunda esifanayo iMeitan, kodwa isimo sahluke kakhulu—siyisicaba, sifana nembewu ye-sunflower, sinothuliyi ofihliwe nokucwebezela okunamafutha (kufana ne-Long Jing). Iphunga—le-castnut, ukunambitheka—kuminene futhi kungasinda. Uma iZūnyì Máofēngchá “ingumoya wasentwasahlobo”, iMeitan Cuiya “iyindawo yasekwindla” endaweni efanayo.

• IDuyun Mao Jian (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máo Jiān): Isifundazwe saseGuizhou (isiGodlo esizimele saseQiannan). “Amatshe Ayishumi Adumile aseShayina.” Izitshalo zamacembe amancane ezintabeni, ukuphakama okungaphezu kwe-1,000 m. Isimo—“ama-hook” anothuliyi osasiliva; ukunambitheka—kulula futhi kumnandi kakhudlwana, iphunga—liyathambile. Ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol—cishe 20%, okuphansi kuneZūnyì Máofēngchá (≥25%), futhi kunquma iphrofayili ecwebezelayo, “efana nomoya”.

• IFenggang Xinxiselen Cha (凤冈锌硒茶, Fènggāng Xīn Xī Chá): Isifundazwe saseGuizhou (Isifunda saseFenggang). Itiye eliluhlaza elinesilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu se-zinc ne-selenium—isici esikhulu sokumaketha. Isimo—sinjengenaliti noma sikwicaba kuya ngomkhiqizo; ukunambitheka—kumsulwa, kuthambile, “ngomgogodla” wamaminerali. Aziwa kangako ngaphandle kwesifundazwe kuneZūnyì Máofēngchá.

• IShiqian Tai Cha (石阡苔茶, Shíqiān Tái Chá): Isifundazwe saseGuizhou (Isifunda saseShiqian). Ikhiqizwa ngohlobo lwendawo oluthi “苔茶” (tai cha—“itiye lobulembu”), oluphawuleka ngamahlumela awugqinsi, “anenyama”. Ukunambitheka kumnene futhi kunothile, nokugcizelela okucacile kwe-castnut; ubabayo bubonakala kakhudlwana kuneZūnyì Máofēngchá emnene.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Zūnyì Máofēngchá itiye lapho umlando, isayensi nezimpawu kuhlanganiswe ndawonye njengamaqabunga alo aminyene asiliva. Lizalwe ezindongeni zesikhungo sesayensi njengomnikelo wokukhumbula umcimbi oguqulayo wekhulunyaka lama-20, lisheshe lakhula ngaphezu kwesimo sesikhumbuzo futhi laba omunye wabahamba phambili ekulinyweni kwetiye laseGuizhou—isifundazwe esachazwa yi “Thembukazi Letiye” likaLu Yu njengendawo “yokunambitheka okuhle” eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule. Ukuhle kwaso okuyinhloko—ukulingana okungenasici: ama-polyphenols anele “ngomzimba”, ama-amino acid anele ngobumnandi, uthuliyi wanele ngobuhle—futhi akukho lutho oludlula okunye. Leli itiye lemintekeso yasekuseni ecabangisisayo, lapho iphunga elincane “le-nenxiang” lamahlumela amasha likuhlela khona ukucaciseka komcabango, kanti ukugqama okuluhlaza njenge-emerald kokunambithekelayo kukukhumbuza ukuthi izinto ezinhle kakhulu zizalelwa ekuthuleni kwenkungu yezintaba, kungaba ukunqunywa kwetiye noma izinqumo zomlando. Kuthandi lokuphuza owaziyo “amatiye amathathu amakhulu” aluhlaza aseShayina, iZūnyì Máofēngchá izokwenza athole okusha—ubufakazi bokuthi iGuizhou ingakwazi ukuncintisana neZhejiang ne-Anhhui, hhayi ngegama elikhulu, kodwa ngekhwalithi yamaqabunga ethembekile.