Zhúxī Máojiān · new.thetea.app

Zhúxī Máojiān (竹溪毛尖, Zhúxī máojiān) iyitiye le-high-mountain organic green elivela eZhúxī County (竹溪县, Zhúxī Xiàn), esifundazweni saseHúběi (湖北省, Húběi Shěng), esisendlala-mngcele yezintaba zaseQínbā (秦巴山区) — indawo esezintabeni lapho kuhlangana khona izintaba zaseQínlǐng neDàbāshān, kanye nemingcele yezifundazwe ezintathu: Húběi, Shǎnxī, kanye nedolobha laseChóngqìng. IZhúxī County ingezinye zezindawo ezindala kunazo zonke ezikhiqiza itiye eShayina, ezinomlando osukela enkathini yeNtshonalanga Zhōu (11th century BCE). Ngo-2001, amasimu etiye eZhúxī athola isitifiketi se-organic se-European Union (okuyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezinesitifiketi ezweni), kwathi ngo-2004 leli dolobha lanikezwa iziqu ezihlonishwayo eziwuthi “Ikhaya Letiye Eliluhlaza Elingokwemvelo LaseShayina” (中国有机绿茶之乡) kanye ne “Ikhaya Letiye LaseShayina” (中国茶叶之乡). Umkhiqizo oholayo esifundeni yiLóngfēngchá (龙峰茶, Lóngfēng Chá), umkhiqizo onomthelela wendawo ovikelwe (2006).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthisiwe. Ngokwendlela yokulungiswa – eyinhlanganisela: ukugazinga (杀青) okulandelwa ukumiswa ngomoya oshisayo (烘干) kanye nokushisa kokugcina ukuze kuvuselelwe iphunga (提香).
Isigaba: Amatiye eluhlaza esifunda saseShayina; umkhiqizo ophilayo onesitifiketi se-EU; itiye elivela endaweni enomthelela ovikelwe.
Imvelaphi: IShayina, iHúběi Province (湖北省), iShíyàn Prefecture (十堰市, Shíyàn Shì), iZhúxī County (竹溪县). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa wonke amadolobhana angu-13 kanye nezindawo ezisemaphandleni eziwu-9, kuhlanganise nezindawo zezolimo nezamahlathi zikahulumeni. Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza – amapulazi etiye eLóngwángyà (龙王垭茶场, Lóngwángyà cháchǎng), athola isitifiketi se-organic saseYurophu, iMéizǐyà (梅子垭茶场) kanye namasimu aphezulu aseHuìwān Township (汇湾乡), okukhiqiza ngokuhlangene cishe u-80% womthamo ophelele wetiye lesifunda.
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Cishe 31°31′–32°32′ N, 109°08′–109°29′ E. IZhúxī County isendaweni yokuhlangana kwezifundazwe zaseHúběi, Shǎnxī kanye nedolobha laseChóngqìng, emthambekeni oseningizimu wezintaba zaseQínlǐng (秦岭) kanye nomthambeka osenyakatho wezintaba zaseDàbāshān (大巴山脉).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: IZhúxī ingesinye sezindawo ezindala zokukhiqiza itiye eShayina, ezinomlando wezolimo wezolimo wamashumi amathathu eminyaka. Ngesikhathi seNtshonalanga Zhōu (11th–8th century BCE), indawo yayiyingxenye yombuso wasendulo waseYōng (庸国, Yōngguó), owawunikeza inkosi yaseZhōu intela eyayihlanganisa i-lacquer, itiye kanye noju. Imivubukulo yenkathi yeHàn (3rd century BCE – 3rd century CE) – izitsha zobumba nezinkomishi – ifakazela ukuthi kunesiko eliphakeme lokuphuza itiye kule ndawo ngalezo zikhathi. Ngesikhathi soMbuso Wezintathu (inkathi yeWèi, 3rd century CE), izinga lokukhiqiza nokugaywa kwetiye eZhúxī, ngokombiko we “Zhúxī Xiànzhì” (《竹溪县志》, “Irekhodi Lomkhandlu weZhúxī County”), lalingelutho uma liquathaniswa neSìchuān.

Ngenkathi yeTáng (7th–10th century), uLù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “I-Chá Jīng” (《茶经》) wabala iShàngyōng (上庸, iZhúxī yanamuhla) phakathi kwezifunda zetiye endaweni yaseShānnán (山南道, Shānnán Dào). Ngokwesiko lendawo, kwakungenkathi yamaTáng lapho izindela zaseBhudha zaletha izinhlobo ezingcono zezihlahla zetiye eZhúxī, kwathi indlovukazi uWǔ Zétiān (武则天, Wǔ Zétiān) yanikeza itiye lendawo isikhundla sokuba ngumnikelo wasesigodlweni (贡品). Ngesikhathi seSòng (10th–13th century), kwakukhona amasimu etiye amakhulu eZhúxī; kuze kube namuhla, endaweni yaseMéizǐyà kusenezihlahla zetiye ezingama-47 zamaSòng — okungenye yezingadi zetiye ezindala ezilotshwe phansi eHúběi Province.

Umlando wakamuva wetiye laseZhúxī uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ukwakhiwa (1954–1985), ukuguqukela ekutshalweni kwemisele (1986–1998) kanye nesigaba sokuthuthuka okusheshayo (1999 – kuze kube manje). Ngo-1998, indawo yezingadi zetiye yafinyelela ku-37,000 mǔ (cishe amahektha ayi-2,467). Ngo-2001, iZhúxī yaba nendawo enkulu kunazo zonke eShayina enesitifiketi sokutshalwa kwetiye okuphilayo (isitifiketi se-EU). Ngo-2004, leli dolobha lanikezwa iziqu ezithi “Ikhaya Letiye Eliluhlaza Elingokwemvelo LaseShayina” kanye ne “Ikhaya Letiye LaseShayina”. Ngo-2006, umkhiqizo we “Lóngfēngchá” (龙峰茶) wathola ukuvikelwa komthelela wendawo ezingeni likazwelonke (国家地理标志保护). Ngo-2016, indawo yezolimo yamatiye eZhúxī yafinyelela ku-270,000 mǔ (18,000 ha) — indawo yokuqala ngobukhulu eHúběi Province. Ngo-2024, itiye laseZhúxī lithunyelwa eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe ase-EU, kanti inani eliphelele lonyaka lomkhiqizo lidlula ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-200.
Igama: 竹 (zhú) — “umhlanga”; 溪 (xī) — “umfudlana wasezintabeni, umfula omncane”. Isifunda siqanjwe ngoMfula iZhúxī (竹溪河), ogeleza kuso, futhi sasungulwa ngo-1476 (unyaka we-12 wokubusa kukaChénghuà, ubukhosi beMíng) ngokuqhamuka esifundeni saseZhúshān (竹山县). 毛 (máo) — “uboya obuncane, uphuthu”; 尖 (jiān) — “isihloko, indawana”. “Máojiān” yigama elivamile elisho uhlobo lwamatiye eluhlaza aseShayina anoboya obuningi kumahlumela acijile, ahlanganisa neXìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖) neDūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖).
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IZhúxī iyimpambano yezifundazwe ezintathu futhi iyindawo yomlando yokuhamba emzileni wokusakazeka kwesiko letiye lisuka esifundeni saseBāshǔ (巴蜀) liya empumalanga nasenyakatho. Lesi sifunda namanje siyimakethe enkulu yetiye eQínbā shānqū. Isiko letiye lihlotshiswe ngokujulile ezinganekwaneni zendawo: endaweni yaseXiàngbà (向坝) — umthwali wefa lamasiko elingaphatheki lesifundazwe — kunezingoma ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili zendabuko zomphakathi ezihlobene netiye: “Cǎi chá gē” (《采茶歌》, “Iculo Lokukha Itiye”), “Wǔ bēi chá” (《五杯茶》, “Izinkomishi Ezinhlanu Zetiye”), “Shuǎ chá gē” (《耍茶歌》), “Quàn chá gē” (《劝茶歌》, “Iculo Lesimemo Setiye”). Inganekwane yendawo ixhumanisa imvelaphi yeLóngfēngchá nendaba yeNdodakazi YoDrako (龙女) kanye noZhēnwǔ Dàdì (真武大帝 — uMbuso Omkhulu WeQiniso LaseZulwini), okuthiwa “bahlezi ndawonye batshala itiye entabeni eyodwa, baphuza isiphuzo esiluhlaza ndawonye” (同植一山茶，共饮绿香茗).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Yokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Inhlobo eyinhloko — uhlobo lwendawo lwenani labantu (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), oluyingxenye yeqembu lamatiye amancane amaqabunga amancane asezihlahleni (灌木中小叶种). Le nhlobo yendabuko ibonakala ngokumelana namakhaza, uboya obuningi emahlumela nasezihlumeleni, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Iyanda ngokwezitshalo (ukutshala iziqu, 扦插育苗).
Isikhathi sokukha: Inhloso enkulu — intwasahlobo (Mashi – Ephreli), izinga eliphakeme kakhulu — ngaphambi komkhosi weQīngmíng. Ngenxa yokuphakama okuphakeme (800–1200 m), isikhathi sokumila sandisiwe, kanti ukuhluma kwama-buds kamuva kuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa okuphezulu kwama-amino acid.
Izinga lokukha: Izinga elikhethekile (特级) — i-buds eyodwa noma i- bud eyodwa eneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka, ubude ≤ 2.0 cm; izinga lokuqala (一级) — i- bud eyodwa eneqabunga elilodwa (isilinganiso ≥ 90%); izinga lesibili (二级) — i- bud eyodwa enamaqabunga amabili.
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: encane, ihlanzekile, ayinaphunga, ayonalwanga. Okuqukethwe yi-polyphenols eqabungeni eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo — ≥ 32.94%, ama-amino acid — ≥ 2.95%. Impahla eluhlaza ephilayo ngokuphelele: umanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane akuvunyelwe; ubuningi bokutshala — okungadluli izihlahla eziwu-8,000 nge-mu ngayinye.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokulima:

Isimo sezulu kanye nendlela yomhlaba: IZhúxī County itholakala ku-31°14′ N — lokhu kuwumngcele osenyakatho wokumila kwesihlahla setiye eShayina, okunikeza itiye lendawo umlingiswa okhethekile “womngcele wendawo”. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — cishe 15 °C, imvula yonyaka — cishe 1,600 mm. Izinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu zidlula 200 ngonyaka. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku ungaphezu kuka-10 °C, okubambezela kakhulu ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi kukhulisa isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwezakhamzimba — ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwama-amino acid lapha kungaphezulu ngo-30% kunasemapulazini asezindaweni eziphansi.
Ukuphakama: 800–1200 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Indawo enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza itiye elisezingeni eliphezulu — cishe ku-900 m, lapho kutholakala khona ukulingana okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamzimba, izakhi zamakhemikhali eziphilayo, kanye nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
Umhlabathi: I-sandy loam (沙壤土, shā rǎngtǔ) ene-pH 4.5–6.0, ehlukaniseka ngokungena okuphezulu nokuqukethwe okucebile kwezinto eziphilayo. Umhlabathi ucebiswe ngokwemvelo nge-selenium (富硒, fù xī), okuyisici esikhethekile sendawo yaseZhúxī futhi kunikeza itiye inani elingeziwe lokudla.
Izici zokulima: Izinga lokuhluma kwehlathi lesifunda — 82.5%. Ingxenye yokukhanya okuhlakazekile ifinyelela ku-70%, okunciphisa okuqukethwe kwama-catechins ababayo futhi kwandisa ingxenye yama-amino acid. Izingadi zetiye zihlelwe ngokwesistimu ye “lín chá jiàn zuò” (林茶间作 — “ukushintshana kwehlathi netiye”), lapho imiqulu yehlathi ehlukanisayo (林茶隔离带) ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ngokomzimba kusuka ekungcoleni nasekudluliseni izinambuzane. Ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kungaphansi ngo-60% kunasemsebenzini ojwayelekile wamapulazi etiye, okuvumela ukuthi kukhishwe ngokuphelele izibulala-zinambuzane. Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-EU mayelana nezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane — 100%.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

IZhúxī Máojiān ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe betiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe nelomisiwe, kugxilwe kakhulu ekulondolozeni ukuphelela kwe-bud. Yonke inqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile (清洁化生产); ukugaywa ngomshini kuthathwa indawo yikuthamba ngesandla ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka noboya.

Ukubeka iqabunga eliluhlaza (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng): amahora angu-4–6 ngomoya wemvelo. Ukunciphisa umswakama, ukudilizwa kwengxenye ye-phenolic catechins, ukulungiselela ukugaywa okusekelwe ekushiseni.
“Ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazinga ku-180–220 °C. Inhloso — ukungasebenzi ngokushesha kwama-enzyme, ukugcina umbala oluhlaza nephunga elisha. Ngokungafani neJīnfúyùcuì, izinga lokushisa liphansi kancane, okugcina iphunga elimnene nelihlanzekile.
Ukugaya (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kwenziwa ngesandla ethreyini lomhlanga (竹匾) ngokunyakaza okumnene, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umshini wokucindezela. Ukuphelela kwe-bud neqabunga kuhlala kugcinwe kakhulu; ijusi yeseli ikhishwa ngokwanele ukuze iqinisekise ukukhipheka lapho kufakwa emanzini.
Ukuhleleka nokubumbeka (理条塑形 — lǐtiáo sùxíng): Ukunikeza amaqabunga etiye ukwakheka okuqondile noma okugobile kancane (kuya ngesitayela).
Ukumisa kokuqala (毛火 — máohuǒ): Ukushisa ku-110 °C ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka futhi kususwe umswakama kusenesikhathi.
Ukumisa kokugcina (足干 — zúgān): Ku-70 °C kuze kube umswakama ≤ 6.5%.
Ukushisa kokugcina ukwenza iphunga linuke kamnandi (提香 — tíxiāng): Ukushisa okufushane ku-90 °C, okugcizelela ukuhlanzeka kwephunga eliphezulu.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

Isimo sangaphandle seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga etiye ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile, aqondile, aqinile anesihloko esibukhali (紧结壮实显锋苗, jǐnjié zhuàngshí xiǎn fēngmiáo). Umbala — uhlaza okotshani obukhazikhaza obunomfutho omenyezelayo (翠绿). Isitayela se “Jiànchá” (箭茶, “itiye eliwumcibisholo”) — isicaba, siqondile, sinjengenkemba. Isitayela se “Lóngfēngchá” — sinoboya obuthambile obugobile.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elihlanzekile neliphakeme (清香, qīngxiāng) elinokunuka kwezimbali okugqamile (花香, huāxiāng) — isici esikhethekile esihlukanisa itiye laseZhúxī kubaningi abalingani besigaba se-máojiān. Ezingxenyeni ezigcinwe isikhathi esithile, kuba nethangi lenye (蜜香, mìxiāng).
Iphunga lomgxube: Lisha, lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi liqinile. Inothi yezimbali (egqamile ikakhulukazi esitayeleni se “Lóngfēngchá”) ihambisana nokusha kwezitshalo ezincane. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatography yegesi kubonise ukuthi iphrofayili yephunga letiye laseZhúxī yakheka ngokugqama kwezakhi zotshwala, kulandelwa amakhemikhali e-acid-ester kanye namakhemikhali e-aldehyde-ketone.
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kunamafutha athambile (鲜醇, xiānchún), nokuminyana okuhle ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polyphenols. Kunomdlandla ophilayo osobala (浓爽, nóngshuǎng). Ukunambitheka okuqhubekayo nokuqinile kwe-huígān. Ukumelana nokufakwa emanzini kaningi — 5–7 izehlakalo.
Umbala womgxube: Uluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, uhlanzekile, ukhanya (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míngliàng).
Inkomishi yetiye (iqabunga elisebenzayo): Uluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, okufanayo (嫩绿匀齐), amahlumela namaqabunga avuleka ngokwe- “zimbali”, ami ngokuqondile (芽叶成朵竖立).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-polyphenols (ama-catechins): Okuqukethwe — ≥ 32.94%, okungaphezulu ngo-20–30% kwesilinganiso esivamile samatiye eluhlaza avamile. Ngokusho kwedatha yaseHuázhōng Agricultural University (华中农业大学, 2006), okukhishwe emanzini kungu-54% (ngokwemfuneko evamile engu-36%), okubonisa ukukhipheka okungavamile.
Ama-amino acid: Okuqukethwe kwama-amino acid akhululekile — ≥ 2.95%. Isakhi esiyinhloko — i-L-theanine, enikeza ukuthamba, “umzimba”, nobumnandi bokunambitheka. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kuchazwa yizinga lokushisa eliphansi lokumila kanye nokugqama kokukhanya okuhlakazekile.
Ushukela oncibilikayo: 2.97% — anikela ekunambithekeni okumnandi ngemuva.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Okuqukethwe yi-caffeine kuvamile kumatiye eluhlaza aphezulu.
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali: I-Nitrogen — 5.47–6.65%, i-phosphorus — 0.41–0.50%, i-potassium — 0.97–1.13%, i-calcium — 0.10–0.14%, i-magnesium — 603–855 mg/kg, i-iron — 50–72 mg/kg, i-copper — 8.5–10.9 mg/kg, i-zinc — 22.9–36.5 mg/kg. Okuthakazelisa ngokukhethekile ukuhlinzekwa kwemvelo nge-selenium ngenxa yomhlabathi okhethekile.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (eqabungeni elisha), amavithamini eqembu B, i-Vitamin K.
Amafutha abalulekile: Akha “iphunga elihlanzekile elinethoni yezimbali”; kugqama izingxenye zotshwala kanye nezamakhemikhali e-acid-ester.

8. Izinzuzo Ezinempilo:

Umthelela wokuvikela emisebeni: Ama-polyphenols etiye laseZhúxī anamandla okuhlanganisa izinto ezinemisebe (i-strontium-90, i-cobalt-60); ucwaningo lukhomba ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa namatiye eluhlaza avamile — ngama-40% ngokwamanye ama-marker.
Ukusekela okulwa nokubola: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-EGCG kuhlinzeka ngokucinywa okunamandla kwama-radical akhululekile.
Ukusekela kwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-catechins alawula ukwakhiwa kwe-cholesterol futhi athuthukise ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Amandla okulwa nomdlavuza: I-EGCG ivimbela ukusebenza kwezinye izinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwesimila; ukuhlangana ne-selenium yemvelo etholakala emhlabathini waseZhúxī kukhulisa lo mphumela (idatha idinga ucwaningo olwandisiwe lwezempilo).
Umthelela wokuvuselela: Umfutho othambile nokuqinile ngenxa yengxube ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; kunconywa ukuphuza itiye ihora ngemuva kokudla.
Umthelela wokulwa namagciwane: Ama-polyphenols nezinye izinto zivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane angalungile emlonyeni.

9. Ukufakwa Emanzini:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C (amanzi abilayo, apholiswe imizuzu emi-3). Ezingeni elikhethekile, kungancishiswa kuze kube ngu-75 °C. Amanzi afanele — amanzi asezintabeni athambile asemthonjeni.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50) ngenkathi kusetshenziswa indlela yengilazi; 5 g ku-120 ml yendlela ye-gōngfū nge-gàiwǎn.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi — ukuze ubone ukuvuleka kwamahlumela (isithombe esijwayelekile: amahlumela amahle ami ngokuqondile, ekhumbuza “amakhulu odrako abhukuda ngokuncintisana” — umfanekiso onikeze umkhiqizo igama elithi “Lóngfēngchá”). I-gàiwǎn yenkimbinkimbi emhlophe — ukuze kukhishwe ngokuphelele iphunga lezimbali.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese uzikhipha.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Ingilazi yengilazi (上投法, “indlela yokuthela phezulu”): okokuqala thela amanzi, bese wehlisa itiye. Yigcine imizuzwana engu-90 (ukungena kokuqala), okulandelayo kube mfushane ngemizuzwana engu-15. Ungangeza kuze kube kathathu.
4. I-gàiwǎn (gōngfū): hlambulula kafushane ngemizuzwana engu-3–5, ukungena kokuqala imizuzwana engu-15–20, okulandelayo kuze kube +5–10 imizuzwana. 5–7 izehlakalo.
5. Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi angaphezu kuka-90 °C — lokhu kucekela phansi ukusha futhi kubangele ubukrakra.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe nokuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, umswakama, namaphunga angaphandle.
Okuhle kakhulu: 0–5 °C (efrijini) ekupakisheni okungakavulwa. Ngaphambi kokuvula — kufike ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni ngaphandle kokuvula isikhwama, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukufingqa komswakama.
Ngemuva kokuvula — sebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3; ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ama-polyphenols ahlanganiswa ngamandla, itiye lilahlekelwa ukusha.
Ungagcini eduze kokudla okunephunga elinamandla. Isikhathi sokugcina ekupakisheni okungakavulwa ngokugcinwa okufanele — kuze kube yizinyanga eziwu-12–18.

11. Amanani Kanye Nokukhohlisa:

Isigaba samanani: Izinga elikhethekile: kusuka ku-500 yuan ngejīn nangaphezulu (i-buds eyodwa, iphunga elihlanzekile eliphezulu, uboya obugqamile, okuqukethwe yi-polyphenols ≥ 32%). Izinga lokuqala: 200–500 yuan ngejīn (i- bud eyodwa neqabunga elilodwa, ukunambitheka okuminyene, ama-amino acid ≥ 2.9%). Izinga lesibili: 80–200 yuan ngejīn (i- bud eyodwa namaqabunga amabili, ukulingana okuhle kwenani nekhwalithi). Isilinganiso semakethe esifundeni — cishe ama-yuan angu-45 ngejīn (umkhiqizo omningi wawo wonke amazinga).
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi kunophawu lomthelela wendawo “Lóngfēngchá” (龙峰茶) noma isitifiketi se-organic se-EU.
- Isimo sangaphandle: iZhúxī Máojiān yangempela — amaqabunga etiye ahlangene aqinile, afanayo, anombala ohlaza okotshani obukhazikhaza onesihloko esibukhali noboya. Ukukhohlisa kuvame ukuba nesakhiwo esixegayo nombala omnyama.
- Iphunga: lihlanzekile, liphakeme, linokunuka kwezimbali. Ukubola, intuthu, i-asidi — kuwuphawu lwempahla eluhlaza engemihle noma endala.
- Umgxube: uluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, ukhanya, ukhanyile. Ukungakhanyi noma umbala ophuzi ngokumnyama kubonisa ukuthathelwa indawo.
- Hlola umsuka: abathengisi abagunyaziwe babhala ipulazi elithile (Lóngwángyà, Méizǐyà, Huìwān) kanye nesizini.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

IZhúxī itholakala ku-31°14′ N — lokhu kuthathwa njengomngcele osenyakatho wokulinywa kwesihlahla setiye eShayina. Uhlobo “olukhawulelwe” lwendawo lunquma iphrofayili ekhethekile yamakhemikhali eziphilayo etiye: isikhathi eside sokumila siholela ekuqukethweni okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
Endaweni yaseMéizǐyà (梅子垭) kusenezihlahla zetiye ezingama-47 ezatshalwa ngesikhathi seSòng (10th–13th century), — okungenye yezingadi zetiye ezindala ezilotshwe phansi eHúběi Province. Lezi zihlahla ziwubufakazi obuphilayo bokuqhubeka kwezolimo lwetiye esifundeni iminyaka eyinkulungwane.
IZhúxī County ibambe indawo yokuqala eHúběi Province ngobukhulu bamasimu etiye (270,000 mǔ ngo-2016) futhi iyimakethe enkulu yetiye eQínbā shānqū — indawo esezintabeni lapho kuhlangana khona izintaba zaseQínlǐng neDàbāshān.
Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, eZhúxī kukhiqizwa imikhiqizo emisha yetiye: i-organic oolong (ulayini wokuqala eHúběi Province, owadalwa ngokubambisana neHuázhōng Agricultural University), itiye elimhlophe, itiye elibomvu, impuphu yetiye encane kakhulu (茶微粉), i-polyphenol extract, kanye namakhekhe etiye enyanga (茶月饼) — umkhiqizo omusha lapho impuphu yetiye ihlanganiswa nenhlama ukuze kukhushulwe inani le-antioxidant.
Igama elithi “Lóngfēngchá” (龙峰茶, “Itiye Lesiqongo SoDrako”) lihlobene nesiqongo esiyinhloko sePulazi leLóngwángyà (龙王垭): lapho inkungu iphakama phezu kwezintaba, ukuvezwa kwezintaba kukhumbuza odrako abasokayo, kanti amahlumela afakwe emanzini, adansa ngokuqondile engilazini, — “amakhulu odrako abhukuda ngokuncintisana” (百龙竞游).

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye eluhlaza esigaba se “máojiān”:

Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Enye “yezinkulu eziyishumi zetiye zaseShayina”, ikhiqizwa eHénán Province. Itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe elinamaqabunga amancane anoboya. Uma kuqhathaniswa neXìnyáng Máojiān, itiye laseZhúxī linokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polyphenols (≥ 32.94% uma kuqhathaniswa no-20–25% ovamile) kanye nethoni yezimbali egqamile, kuyilapho elingana laseHénán lithambekele ethonini elihlanzekile lebhontshisi-kistnut.
Dūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile elivela eGuìzhōu Province, nalo liphakathi “kwezinkulu eziyishumi”. Uboya obuningi, ukunambitheka okuthambile. Umehluko: iDūyún Máojiān yenziwe ngempahla eluhlaza yamahlamvu amakhulu, inephrofayili eyindilinga futhi enoshukela, kuyilapho iZhúxī Máojiān ingamahlamvu amancane, inamandla aphezulu futhi imelana nokufakwa emanzini.
Jiànchá (箭茶, Jiànchá) — “Itiye Eliwumcibisholo”: Umkhiqizo ohlobene ofanayo esifundeni saseZhúxī, onamaqabunga etiye ayisicaba nenkemba. Ukhonjiwe ngesiqu esithi “Amashumi Amatiye Adumile aseHúběi” (湖北十大名茶). Uma kuqhathaniswa neMáojiān, iJiànchá inephunga elingathí, umgxube okhanyayo, nokunambitheka okuthambile nokujulile — ingabhekwa njengenguqulo “elula” yetiye laseZhúxī.
Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye eliluhlaza elingavamile elenza umusi (蒸青) elivela esifundazweni esifanayo saseHúběi. Indlela ehluke ngokuphelele yokulungisa (umusi esikhundleni sokugazinga) inikeza umbala oluhlaza ojulile kanye nephrofayili “yasolwandle”, ene-iodine, ephambene nesimo sezimbali esihlanzekile seZhúxī Máojiān.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Zhúxī Máojiān iyitiye elinohlu lozalo oluyinkulungwane yeminyaka kanye nedumela elingenasici le-organic, elizalelwe emngceleni osenyakatho ongaka wokulima itiye eShayina, phakathi kwezintaba ezinokungu zaseQínlǐng neDàbāshān. Iphunga layo lezimbali, ukusha okuhlanzekile kokunambitheka, kanye nokunothiswa kwemvelo nge-selenium — kuwumphumela wendawo ekhethekile “yomngcele”, lapho ukukhula okuncishisiwe kwamahlumela kuguqula ukunqwabelana okunamandla kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi kanye nezinomsoco. Kothanda itiye eliluhlaza, leli lethuba lokunambitha umkhiqizo wangempela we-organic ovela esifundeni lapho izingadi zetiye nehlathi lasendulo kuhlala ndawonye ku-ecosystem eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, — futhi uzwe enkomishini lokho “kuhlanzeka komfudlana wasezintabeni” okufakwe egameni ngokwalo iZhúxī.