I-Zhú Yè Qīng

I-Zhú Yè Qīng ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza aseSichuan aziwa kakhulu, uphawu lwentaba engcwele i-Éméishān. Amaqabunga awo ayisicaba futhi anombala oyigolide oluhlaza, afana nehlumela lomsobo elisencane, kanye nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile, okusha kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside emlonyeni, kwenze leli tiye laba yingxenye yobuciko betiye baseShayina. Okuhlukile nge-Zhú Yè Qīng ukuthi igama layo liyigama lohlobo lwetiye, uphawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe, kanye negama lenkampani ekhiqizayo — okuyisimo esingavamile emhlabeni wetiye.

1. Ukwahlukanisa kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga). Lingaphansi kwesigaba se-biǎn chǎo qīng (扁炒青, biǎn chǎo qīng) — amatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba athosiwe.
• Isigaba: Amatiye adumile aseShayina. Nakuba i-Zhú Yè Qīng ingekho ohlwini lwakudala lwamatiye ayishumi adume kakhulu (十大名茶, shí dà míng chá) olwaqanjwa ngesikhathi sombuso, yamukelwa emhlabeni wonke ngo-1985 futhi ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina anamuhla aziwa kakhulu. Itiye lokuqala eShayina ukuthola isikhundla se-Zhōngguó Chímíng Shāngbiāo (中国驰名商标) — “Uphawu Lokuhweba Olwaziwa Kabanzi LwaseShayina”.
• Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, Sìchuān), idolobha elisezingeni lesifunda i-Lèshān (乐山, Lèshān), umasipala wedolobha i-Éméishān (峨眉山市, Éméishān shì). Amasimu etiye asemithambekeni yentaba i-Éméishān (峨眉山) — enye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zamaBuddha eShayina kanye nendawo eyigugu lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-1996).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29°33′ N, 103°20′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Éméishān idume ngokutshalwa kwetiye kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngesikhathi soBukhosi baseTang (唐, 618–907), u-Lǐ Shàn (李善) ekuhlaziyeni i-”Wénxuǎn” (《文选注》) wabhala: “I-Éméi inothile ngezitshalo zokwelapha, futhi itiye liyinhle kakhulu, lihlukile kumatiye omhlaba.” Ngesikhathi seSong (宋, 960–1279), imbongi u-Lù Yóu (陆游) yalidumisa itiye lase-Éméi: “Amahlumela e-snow asanda kutholwa e-Éméi — awanciphanga kwisivuno sase-Guchu sasentwasahlobo” (雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春). U-Sū Dōngpō (苏东坡) naye washiya izinkondlo ngamatiye ase-Éméishān. Ngesikhathi seMing (明, 1368–1644), isigodlo sezindela i-Báishuǐsì (白水寺, kamuva esaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Wànniánsì — 万年寺) satshala izihlahla zetiye futhi sahambisa itiye enkantolo njenge-gòngchá (贡茶) — umnikelo wobukhosi.

  Umlando wanamuhla we-Zhú Yè Qīng uqala ngo-1964. Ngomhla ka-20 Ephreli walowo nyaka, iPhini likaNdunankulu woMkhandlu Wezwe, uMarshal Chén Yì (陈毅, Chén Yì), wavakashela i-Éméishān futhi wahlala esigodlweni i-Wànniánsì. Umphathi wesigodlo wamnika inkomishi yetiye lendawo. Ethathekile ukunambitheka nephunga, u-Chén Yì wabuza igama lalesi siphuzo. Indela yaphendula ukuthi itiye lingumkhiqizo wendawo, ongakaqanjwa igama, futhi yacela umarshal ukuthi aliqambe. U-Chén Yì, ehlolisisa amaqabunga aluhlaza ayisicaba enkomishini, wamemeza: “Afana kakhulu namaqabunga amancane omsobo. Makube — i-Zhú Yè Qīng.” Kusukela lapho, itiye laqala ukukhiqizwa ngaleli gama, futhi kusukela ngo-1985 kwaqala ukwamukelwa kwalo emhlabeni wonke.

  Ngo-1985, i-Zhú Yè Qīng yaklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide embukisweni wama-24 Womhlaba Wezimpahla Zokudla (eMadrid). Ngo-1988, yathola umklomelo wegolide embukisweni Wezokudla WaseShayina. Ngo-1998, usomabhizinisi u-Táng Xiānhóng (唐先洪) wasungula inkampani i-”Sìchuān Éméishān Zhú Yè Qīng Cháyè Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī” (四川省峨眉山竹叶青茶业有限公司), ehlela ukukhiqiza futhi wenyusa i-”Zhú Yè Qīng” ezingeni lophawu lwesizwe. Ngo-2002, inkampani yakha ifilosofi yophawu — “Píngchángxīn” (平常心) — “Inhliziyo Ejwayelekile” (ukuthula komoya). I-Zhú Yè Qīng yaba itiye elisemthethweni leQembu Lesizwe LaseShayina le-Go (围棋).

• Igama:

  • “Zhú” (竹) — umsobo.
  • “Yè” (叶) — iqabunga.
  • “Qīng” (青) — okuluhlaza, okusha, okuncane. Ngakho-ke, “Zhú Yè Qīng” ngokomqondo lisho “Iqabunga lomsobo eliluhlaza” — isingathekiso esidlulisela ngokunembile ukubukeka kweqabunga letiye: liyisicaba, licijile, futhi linombala oyigolide oluhlaza.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Zhú Yè Qīng ixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomoya ongokomoya we-Éméishān — indawo yokuhambela kwamaBuddha namaDaoist. Izindela zamaBuddha emakhulwini eminyaka zatshala izihlahla zetiye emithambekeni yentaba, zisebenzisa itiye ekuzindleni nasekwamukeleni izivakashi. Namuhla, i-Zhú Yè Qīng ibonwa njengophawu lokuvumelana, ubumsulwa, kanye nesiko letiye laseSichuan. Iyisipho esidumile, esibonisa inhlonipho nokunaka, futhi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nefilosofi ye-”píngchángxīn” — ikhono lokwazisa izinto ezilula, eziyiqiniso.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Zhú Yè Qīng kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zendawo ezinamaqabunga amancane naphakathi nendawo zezihlahla zetiye (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), ezikhule emithambekeni ye-Éméishān ngokomlando. Lezi ikakhulukazi zimelela iqembu laseSichuan lezinhlobo zamaqabunga amancane (四川中小叶群体种, Sìchuān zhōng xiǎo yè qúntǐ zhǒng), ezaziwa nangokuthi “lǎo chuān chá” (老川茶) — “itiye elidala laseSichuan.” Izihlahla zifushane (1–2 m), zinomqhele ohlangene kanye namaqabunga amancane, aminyene, namnyama okotshani, anothe nge-amino acid ne-chlorophyll.
• Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwenziwa entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngokuqinile ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng) — cishe kuze kube umhla ka-4–5 Ephreli. Wonke umthamo wonyaka wezinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele uvunwe ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng. Isikhathi esihle — izinsuku ezi-3–5 ngaphambi komkhosi.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Emabangeni aphezulu, kuvunwa amahlumela awodwa kuphela (单芽, dān yá) noma ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga lokuqala elisanda kuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn). Ukuze kutholakale amagremu angu-500 etiye eliphelele, kudingeka amahlumela etiye angama-35 000 kuya kwangama-45 000.
• Izidingo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zifane ngosayizi, zingonakalanga, futhi zinamanzi. Ukuvuna kwenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sezulu esomile. Amahlumela anomonakalo womshini, izimpawu zezinambuzane, noma umbala ongalingani ayalahlwa.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isifunda: Intaba i-Éméishān isemngceleni oseningizimu-ntshonalanga weSichuan Basin. Ingenye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zamaBuddha eShayina, efakwe ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba le-UNESCO njengendawo yemvelo namasiko. I-Éméishān ibonakala ngokuhlukana kwesimo sezulu ngokuya ngobude — kusukela endaweni eshisayo ezansi kuya endaweni ebandayo esiqongweni, okwadala isisho sendawo: “Intaba eyodwa iqukethe izikhathi ezine zonyaka, emakhilomitheni ayishumi isimo sezulu sihlukile” (一山有四季，十里不同天).

• Ukuphakama kokumila: 800–1200 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amasimu amakhulu etiye ahlanganiswe emithambekeni ezindaweni zezindela i-Wànniánsì (万年寺), i-Qīngyīngé (清音阁), i-Báilóngdòng (白龙洞) kanye ne-Hēishuǐsì (黑水寺).

• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-monsoon esishisayo, esinomthelela ogqamile womumo wentaba. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi endaweni yamasimu etiye (800–1200 m) lingu-13–15 °C. Imvula yonyaka emagqumeni icishe ibe ngu-1550 mm, ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-1200 m — kuze kufike ku-1750 mm nangaphezulu. Izintaba zizungezwe amafu nenkungu cishe unyaka wonke, okunikeza umswakama ophakeme emoyeni nokukhanya okusabalalisiwe. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile okuncane kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa emini nasebusuku (8–12 °C) kusiza ekukhuleni okunensa kwamahlumela, ukuqoqeka kwama-amino acid, i-chlorophyll, nezinto ezinuka kamnandi emaqabungeni.

• Inhlabathi: Endaweni lapho kumila khona izihlahla zetiye (600–1500 m), kugcwele inhlabathi ephuzi yezintaba (山地黄壤, shāndì huáng rǎng), ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ene-acidic reaction (pH 4.5–6.0). Kwezinye izingxenye kukhona inhlabathi ephuzi nsundu. Inhlabathi yakhiwe phezu kwamatshe entabula, iqukethe izakhi eziningi ze-micro futhi inikeza umsele omuhle wamanzi.

• Imvelo: I-Éméishān imbozwe amahlathi aminyene (izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-5000 nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-2300). Amasimu etiye asezindaweni ezinamahlathi omsobo nezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga abanzi, okudala umthunzi wemvelo. Ukungabikho kwezimboni endaweni yezintaba kuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka komoya namanzi. Isikhathi eside sasebusika sinciphisa ngokwemvelo inani lezinambuzane eziwuhlupho, okunciphisa isidingo sokwelashwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Zhú Yè Qīng ingaphansi kwamatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba athosiwe (扁炒青). Ubuchwepheshe busekelwe ezindleleni zendabuko zase-Éméi, ezithuthukiswe kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezijwayelekile, futhi zihlanganisa umsebenzi obalulekile “wokuthosa kathathu — ukupholisa kathathu” (三炒三凉, sān chǎo sān liáng).

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kwamahlumela awodwa noma amahlumela aneqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka. Kwenziwa ngokuqinile ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng, ekuseni, ngesikhathi sezulu esomile.

• Ukubuna / Ukulala (摊晾 — tān liáng): Izinto ezivuniwe zendlalwa ngongqimba oluncane olinganayo emthunzini kumathileyi omsobo amahora ambalwa (ngokuvamile amahora angu-3–6) ukuze kuhwamuke umswakama othize ongaphezulu futhi kuqale ukwakheka kwephunga elimnandi.

• Ukuqinisa uhlaza — “ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shā qīng): Ukuthosa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (cishe 200–220 °C) ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme, kumiswe uketshezi, futhi kugcinwe umbala oluhlaza. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni iphunga elimnandi eliyingqayizivele kanye nokususa ukunambitheka kohlaza oluluhlaza.

• Ukubumba — “ukuthosa kathathu, ukupholisa kathathu” (做形 — zuò xíng): Isici esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe be-Zhú Yè Qīng. Amaqabunga abunjwa abe yisicaba “somsobo” kusetshenziswa amasu ezandla: dǒu (抖, ukunyakazisa), sǎ (撒, ukusakaza), zhuā (抓, ukubamba), yā (压, ukucindezela), dài tiáo (带条, ukwelula). Umjikelezo wokuthosa nokupholisa uphindaphindwa kathathu kuncipha kancane izinga lokushisa, okuqinisekisa ukoma okulinganayo, ukuqiniswa kwesimo, nokuvela kwephunga elimnandi.

• Ukuhluza (分筛 — fēn shāi): Ukwahlukanisa itiye eliphelele ngezingxenye ukuze kufezeke ukufana.

• Ukugcina ukushisa — huīguō (辉锅 — huī guō): Ukucutshungulwa kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi ukuze kukhishwe umswakama osele ngokuphelele (kuze kufike kokuqukethwe okungaphansi kuka-6.5%), ukuqiniswa kwesimo, nokuqinisa iphunga elimnandi.

• Ukuhlukanisa ngokwamazinga (分级 — fēnjí): Itiye eliphelele lihlukaniswa ngokubukeka nangekhwalithi libe ngamazinga.

6. Izici Zezitho Zomzimba (Organoleptic):

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga ayisicaba, aqondile, abushelelezi anemikhawulo ecijile, alingisa isimo seqabunga lomsobo elincane. Umbala — kusuka kokotshani okhanyayo kuya kumbala oyigolide oluhlaza, ngokucwazimula okuncane kanye noboya obuncane obumhlophe emazingeni aphezulu. Amaqabunga alinganayo, afana ngosayizi.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, elisha, elinamanothi agqamile ohlaza oluncane kanye nokunambitheka okuncane kwe-castanea (chestnut). Emazingeni aphezulu, kuvela inothi elintekenteke lezimbali, elifana ne-orchid.

• Iphunga lokuphuza: Eliyisicefe, eliphakeme nelihlanzekile. Kunamandla amanothi ohlaza olusha nezimbali kanye nesizinda esithambile se-castanea. Iphunga elimnandi lihlala isikhathi eside, livela kancane kancane, futhi likhula njengoba inkomishi iphola.

• Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile, okuqabulayo, nokusha okugqamile (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng). Umzimba ulula noma uphakathi nendawo, ukuthungwa kuyisilika futhi kuhle. Ekuqaleni — ukusha okuhlanzekile okuluhlaza, bese kuvela ukunambitheka okumnandi okuncane nethanga elincane lentende. Ubuhlungu nokunamathela kuncane kakhulu. Ukunambitheka okusemlonyeni kuhlala isikhathi eside, kuhlanzekile, nokunambitheka okubuyayo okumnandi (回甘, huígān) kanye nomuzwa we-shēngjīn (生津) — ukukhiqizwa kwamathe okumnandi.

• Umbala wokuphuza: Okotshani okukhanyayo noma okuphuzi ngokotshani, okusobala, okuhlanzekile, nokuncane kwe-golide oluhlaza. Emazingeni aphezulu — kukhanya ngokugqamile futhi kukhanyayo.

• Indawo yetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amaqabunga amancane, aphelele, aqinile anombala ogqamile oluhlaza. Ayafana, avuleke kahle, futhi agcina isimo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenols (ama-catechin): Okuqukethwe kwe-polyphenols yetiye ku-Zhú Yè Qīng kuphakathi nendawo etiyeni eliluhlaza, okubangelwa umsuka wendawo ephakeme nokuvuna kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ama-catechin ayinhloko: i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin (EC), i-epicatechin gallate (ECG). Ama-polyphenols anikeza umphumela onamandla we-antioxidant.

• Ama-amino acid: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid amahhala kuyisici esivelele samatiye asentabeni asentwasahlobo. Ingxenye eyinhloko — i-L-theanine (氨基酸, ānjī suān), ebangela ubumnandi, ukugcwala okufana ne-umami, kanye nomphumela wokuphumula ngaphandle kokuphumula ngokweqile. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenols sinquma ukuthamba nokusha kwe-Zhú Yè Qīng.

• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — okuqukethwe kuphakathi nendawo, okuvamile ematiyeni aluhlaza asentwasahlobo (cishe 25–35 mg / g weqabunga elomile). Kukhona futhi i-theobromine ne-theophylline ngamanani amancane kakhulu.

• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (i-ascorbic acid) — etiyeni eliluhlaza elisha igcinwa ngenani elikhulu; amavithamini eqembu B (B1, B2); uvithamini A (njenge-β-carotene); uvithamini E.

• Amaminerali: I-fluoride, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-selenium. Inhlabathi ephuzi yezintaba yase-Éméishān inothisa itiye ngama-microelements.

• I-chlorophyll: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorophyll — umphumela wesimo sezulu esinomthunzi, esinamafu, kanye nokuvuna kusenesikhathi — kunikeza umbala oluhlaza ogqamile weqabunga elomile kanye nokuphuza.

• Ama-saponin (皂苷, zào gān): Ubukhona bama-saponin etiye buphawulwa emithonjeni yezincwadi njengesici esikhethekile samatiye ase-Éméishān.

• Amafutha abalulekile: Amelwe yizinhlanganisela eziningi eziguquguqukayo, ezinesibopho sephunga lezimbali ne-castanea. Umsuka wasezintabeni kanye nokwehlukana okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa nsuku zonke kusiza ekuqoqweni kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umphumela wokuvuselela nokuphumuza: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza umfutho othambile, olinganiselayo wokuqina ngaphandle kwenjabulo egqamile, ithuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo nokucaca komcabango. I-Zhú Yè Qīng ngokwesiko ithathwa “njengetiye lokuzindla.”

• Umphumela we-antioxidant: Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) aqeda ngempumelelo ama-radical mahhala, enciphisa izinqubo zoketshezi kumaseli.

• Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenols etiye eliluhlaza asiza ukugcina izinga elijwayelekile le-cholesterol nokunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.

• Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla: Kuvuselela ngobumnene ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla.

• Ukuqinisa amasomajwina: Uvithamini C, ama-catechin, kanye nama-microelements asekela imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.

• Ukuvikela umlomo: I-fluoride equkethwe etiyeni yakha ungqimba lwe-fluoroapatite ebusweni be-enamel yamazinyo, okwandisa ukumelana nokubola kwamazinyo. Ama-catechin anomphumela wokulwa namagciwane.

• Ukusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo: I-L-theanine isiza ekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukunaka nekhono lokufunda.

• Kubalulekile: lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa futhi alusona iseluleko sezokwelashwa.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–85 °C. Emazingeni aphezulu (Lùndào, Jìngxīn) kunconywa u-75–80 °C; emazingeni ajwayelekile — kuze kufike ku-85 °C. Amanzi abilayo awavumelekile — “ashisa” amahlumela amancane, enze ukuthi uphuzo lubephuzi futhi lube buhlungu.

• Inani letiye: 3–5 g ku-150–200 ml wamanzi.

• Izitsha: Ingilazi ecacile inconywa kakhulu — ingilazi ende ecacile noma i-flask yengilazi. Lokhu kuvumela ukubuka “umdanso” wamaqabunga etiye — enye yezinto ezikhangayo zokubuka ze-Zhú Yè Qīng: amahlumela asukuma aqonde, anyakaza emanzini. I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) emhlophe yobumba nayo ifaneleka endleleni yendabuko. Inkomishi ayimbozwa ngesembozo, ukuze iqabunga elintekenteke lingaphisi ngokweqile.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza ingilazi noma i-gàiwǎn ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
  2. Faka amagremu angu-3–5 etiye elomile esitsheni.
  3. Thela amanzi ngezinga lokushisa elifanele cishe ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu, unyakazise kancane isitsha “ukuze kuvuswe iphunga” (摇香, yáo xiāng).
  4. Thela amanzi kuze kugcwale. Ukugxilisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-30–60.
  5. Thela uphuzo ezinkomishini. Qaphela “umdanso wamaqabunga” — amahlumela asukuma aqonde, enza isithombe esihle.
  6. Ukuphinda ukuphisa: izikhathi ezi-3–5, wandise kancane isikhathi sokugxilisa ngemizuzwana engu-15–20 ngosuku ngalunye.

• Qaphela: I-Zhú Yè Qīng ayidingi ukugezwa kwangaphambili — amahlumela amancane akhipha iphunga kusukela emizuzwaneni yokuqala yokuthintana namanzi, futhi ukulahla ukuphisa kokuqala kungaba ukumosha.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle — esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C. Lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ubusha nombala oluhlaza.
• Izitsha: Okungangeni moya, okungabonisi — ubumba, ikani likathayela, noma isikhwama esine-foil esine-zip-lock. Inkampani ekhiqizayo isebenzisa ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum ngokugcwaliswa nge-nitrogen, okwelula kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila.
• Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya (kucekela phansi i-chlorophyll futhi kusheshise uketshezi), umswakama (kubangela ukukhula kwesikhunta), izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi), iphunga langaphandle (itiye limunca kakhulu amaphunga azungezile).
• Isikhathi sokugcina: Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ezitsheni ezingangeni moya — kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Iphakethe elivuliwe linconywa ukuba lisetyenziswe phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2. Likhuluma kahle kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala ngemuva kokukhiqizwa.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Mbumbulu:

• Izinga lentengo: I-Zhú Yè Qīng — itiye elisesigabeni sentengo ephakathi nephezulu. Inkampani ekhiqizayo ihlukanisa imigqa emithathu eyinhloko:

  • Pǐnwèi (品味, “Ukunambitha”) — umugqa oyisisekelo, cishe ama-yuan angu-560–930 ngejīn (500 g).
  • Jìngxīn (静心, “Ukuthula Kwenhliziyo”) — izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhethiwe, cishe ama-yuan angu-980–1200 ngejīn.
  • Lùndào (论道, “Indlela Yeqiniso”) — izinga eliphezulu kunawo wonke, elihlukaniswe laba uphawu oluzimele, ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-5000 ngejīn. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivela ezindaweni ezingenamkhawulo ezisezingeni lokuqala, iqoqo ngalinye lihlolwa ngesandla. Izintengo zakhiwe ngesikhathi sonyaka (ukuvuna kwe-dǒu qián míng kuphela), ukusebenza okunzima okuphezulu (amahlumela angama-35 000–45 000 ngamagremu angu-500) kanye nesimo sokuphathwa yedwa sophawu.

• Uzokugwema kanjani ukukopishwa:

  • Thenga itiye kuphela ezitolo ezisemthethweni zenkampani “Zhú Yè Qīng” noma kubathengisi abagunyaziwe. “I-Zhú Yè Qīng” wuphawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe, futhi umkhiqizo wenkampani enegama elifanayo kuphela ongokoqobo.
  • Qaphela ukupakishwa: i-Zhú Yè Qīng yoqobo ipakishwa kuphela ekupakisheni kwe-vacuum yasefektri (3.6 g, 4 g, 50 g, 100 g, 228 g), futhi ayithengiswa njengetiye elinesisindo.
  • Hlola ukubukeka: i-Zhú Yè Qīng yoqobo — amahlumela alinganayo, ayisicaba, abushelelezi anosayizi ofanayo, anombala oyigolide oluhlaza. Iqabunga elingalingani, umbala ofiphele — kuyizimpawu zomgunyathi.
  • Hlola uphuzo: olusobala, oluhlanzekile, oluluhlaza okukhanyayo noma oluphuzi ngokotshani, ngaphandle kobumnyama. Iphunga lihlanzekile, lisha, ngaphandle kwephunga elibi.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iwuphawu oluqinisekile lomlingisi. I-Zhú Yè Qīng yoqobo yamazinga aphezulu ayikwazi ukubiza kancane ngenxa yomthamo olinganiselwe wezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezindinganiso eziqinile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Zhú Yè Qīng — ngelinye lamatiye ambalwa emhlabeni lapho igama ngasikhathi sinye liwuphawu lokuhweba, igama lohlobo, kanye negama lenkampani ekhiqizayo. Lesi simo sihlukile embonini yetiye yaseShayina: akekho omunye umkhiqizi onelungelo lokukhiqiza itiye ngaleli gama.
• Igama “i-Zhú Yè Qīng” lanikezwa itiye hhayi indela noma uchwepheshe wetiye, kodwa umarshal kanye nenxusa — u-Chén Yì, omunye wabasunguli be-PRC, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle (1958–1972). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eShayina kukhona ugologo odumile onegama elifanayo owenziwe ngamaqabunga omsobo (竹叶青酒, Zhúyèqīng jiǔ) osuka esifundazweni saseShānxī — ukuqondana kwamagama kwenzeka ngengozi.
• Lapho ephuziswa engilazini yengilazi, amahlumela e-Zhú Yè Qīng abonisa “umdanso” omuhle: asukuma kancane aqonde, anyakaza, ehla futhi anyuka futhi — lo mbukiso uyaziswa ngokulinganayo nokunambitheka nephunga.
• Uphawu “Lùndào” (论道) lubekwe njengokufanekiswa komqondo womkhosi wetiye, okhuphuke waze wafinyelela ezingeni le-”Dao” — indlela yefilosofi. Umklamo wezindlu zetiye zophawu waklanywa umklami waseHong Kong u-Alan Chan (陈幼坚) futhi usebenzisa izakhi ezinhlanu ze-wǔ xíng: ithusi, i-oki, itshe, umlilo, namanzi.
• Inkampani inamasingamu angaba ngu-400,000 mǔ (cishe amahektha angu-26,700) amasimu etiye aqinisekisiwe kanye nezikhungo zokucubungula, ikhiqiza amathani etiye angaphezu kuka-3,600 ngonyaka. Ngaphandle kwe-Zhú Yè Qīng, iphethe izinhlobo ze-”Bìtán Piāoxuě” (碧潭飘雪) — itiye le-jasmine elidumile, kanye ne-”Lùndào.”

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elidume kakhulu eShayina (Zhèjiāng). Womabili amatiye angaphansi kwesigaba se-biǎn chǎo qīng, kodwa i-Lóngjǐng inesimo seqabunga esibanzi, “esiyipuleti” nombala ophuzi ngokotshani. Iphunga le-Lóngjǐng — linamandla kakhulu le-castanea “elithosiwe”; i-Zhú Yè Qīng — ithambile kakhulu, inengxenye yezimbali egqamile. Ukunambitheka kwe-Lóngjǐng kugcwele kakhulu futhi kuhlelekile; i-Zhú Yè Qīng — ithambile futhi intekenteke.

• Éméi Xuě Yá (峨眉雪芽, Éméi Xuě Yá): Indawo efanayo ne-Zhú Yè Qīng, nayo imila e-Éméishān. I-Xuě Yá inokuthungwa “okunoboya” (i-bái háo eningi), isimo esisontekile (ngokungafani nesicaba se-Zhú Yè Qīng) kanye nephrofayili ethambile, emnandi kakhulu. Izimpande zomlando ze-Xuě Yá zijulile — igama likhulunywa kusukela ngesikhathi se-Song.

• Méngdǐng Gānlù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza laseSichuan elidumile, kodwa lisuka kwenye indawo — intaba i-Méngdǐngshān. I-Gān Lù — isontekile, hhayi isicaba, inephrofayili emnandi kakhulu “ne-jade.” Isiko laseMéngdǐng lisukela esikhathini sika-Hàn, okwenza libe ngelinye lamatiye amadala kakhulu eShayina.

• Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān (仙芝竹尖, Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān): Futhi itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseSichuan lase-Éméishān, kodwa lisendaweni ephakeme kakhulu (1500–1800 m). Linephunga le-castanea eliyingqayizivele kanye nombala ophuzi wegolide weqabunga (emazingeni aphezulu). Lihluke ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokucubungula kusetshenziswa amathuluzi omsobo nawokhuni. Libekwe njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo.

• Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶, Ānjí Bái Chá): Naphezu kwegama “elimhlophe,” futhi itiye eliluhlaza, limila eZhèjiāng. Iqabunga libanzi futhi liphaphathekile kune-Zhú Yè Qīng, futhi linokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-amino acid (kuze kufike ku-6–8%). Ukunambitheka kumnandi kakhulu futhi “kunokhilimu,” kuyilapho i-Zhú Yè Qīng “iluhlaza” kakhulu futhi isha.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Zhú Yè Qīng — itiye elizalwe lapho kuhlangana khona isiko lezenkolo leminyaka eyinkulungwane lase-Éméishān kanye nendlela yanamuhla yokumiswa kwekhwalithi. Amahlumela awo agqamile oluhlaza, aphakamela phezulu engilazini yengilazi, aphinda amafomu amasimu omsobo emithambekeni yentaba engcwele. Okusha, okuhlanzekile, okumnandi ngobuncane — i-Zhú Yè Qīng iniketa umuzwa wokukhanya kwentwasahlobo nokuzola. Itiye elikahle kulabo abazisa ubuhle bokubukwa kwetiye ngokungenani njengokunambitheka nephunga, nakulabo abafuna enkomishini hhayi nje isiphuzo, kodwa umzuzu wokuthula wokucabanga — leyo “píngchángxīn,” ubumsulwa benhliziyo, lapho kutholakala ukujula kwangempela.