zhōng huáng yī hào

UZhonghuang No.1 (中黄一号, Zhōnghuáng Yīhào) uyisikhathi sethu lesi silimo setiye esinamaqabunga aphuzi ngokugqamile kanye netiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá) elikhiqizwa ngalo esifundazweni saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng). Izalwa lesi silimo yisifunda saseTiantai (天台县, Tiāntái Xiàn) esifundeni sikaTaizhou (台州, Tāizhōu) — indawo enomlando wamakhulukhulu eminyaka wamatiye asezintabeni namasiko obuBuddha. Isici esiyinhloko salesi silimo ukuthi umbala osagolide weqabunga ubangelwa izakhi zofuzo zalo: isihlahla sinamazinga aphansi e-chlorophyll kanye nenani eliphezulu kakhulu lama-amino acid akhululekile, okunikeza umphuzo ukunambitheka okuthambile, okusha, cishe okungenabuhlungu. Ngokungafani namatiye aphuzi avamile, lapho umbala unikezwa “ukuthungiswa” kobuchwepheshe, lapha impahla eluhlaza esetshenziswayo isivele iphuzi. Namuhla, uZhonghuang No.1 usendaweni ebonakalayo phakathi kwezilimo “ezikhanyisiwe” zaseShayina futhi uyisisekelo sempahla eluhlaza yomkhiqizo we”Tiantai Yellow Tea” (天台黄茶, Tiāntái Huángchá).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá), esinye sezigaba eziyisithupha zakudala zetiye laseShayina.
Uhlobo lwesihlahla (cultivar): UZhonghuang No.1 (中黄一号, Zhōnghuáng Yīhào) — uhlobo olukhanyisiwe, olusagolide luphuzi.
Imvelaphi yohlobo lwesihlahla: isifunda saseTiantai (天台县, Tiāntái Xiàn), isifunda sikaTaizhou (台州, Tāizhōu), isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng).
Isigaba sempahla eluhlaza: uhlobo lwamaqabunga anamahlumela; ohlwini lwamanani kuboniswa ifomethi ephukile — “duan ya ye” (断芽叶, duàn yá yè), okungukuthi amahlumela aqhekeziwe aneqabunga.
Isitayela/Umkhiqizo: Itiye Eliphuzi LaseTiantai (天台黄茶, Tiāntái Huángchá).

Izinga leSizwe letiye eliphuzi (GB/T 21726) lihlukanisa lesi sigaba ngohlobo lwamahlumela (芽型, yá xíng), uhlobo lwamahlumela aneqabunga (芽叶型, yá yè xíng) kanye nohlobo lwamahlamvu amaningi (多叶型, duō yè xíng). Leli tiye esikhuluma ngalo lingaphansi kohlobo lwamahlumela aneqabunga, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni okuqhekeziwe (“断”): impahla eluhlaza enjalo ikhipha ukunambitheka ngokushesha emphiniseni futhi ngokuvamile ishibhile kunephelele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubumbaxambili begama: “中黄一号” yigama lohlobo lwesihlahla kanye nokubizwa kwetiye eselilungile, yingakho uhlobo olufanayo lwezilimo lutholakala emakethe njengeli luhlaza nanjengeli liphuzi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Ukuvela kohlobo lwesihlahla: ukukhethwa esiguqukweni semvelo samaqabunga aphuzi, okwatholakala ezintabeni zaseTiantai.
Ukukhethwa nokuzinziswa: uhlobo lwesihlahla lwahlukaniswa futhi lwazinziswa ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokukhethwa kwezitshalo ngeminyaka yawo-2000–2010 futhi lwabhaliswa njengohlobo lwesilimo oluthuthukisiwe; isiqalo esithi “中” sikhomba ukubamba iqhaza kwezikhungo zesayensi ezifanele.
Isizinda samasiko: intaba iTiantai (天台山, Tiāntái Shān), isigodlo sezindela iGuoqing (国清寺, Guóqīngsì), isikole sobuBuddha saseTiantai (天台宗, Tiāntái Zōng).

Intaba iTiantai ingesinye sezikhungo zakudala zamasiko etiye eMpumalanga yeShayina; kuhlotshaniswa nayo indaba yendabuko yokuthi indela yaseJapan uSaichō (最澄, isiJap. Saichō, 767–822), owafunda ezigodlweni zezindela zendawo, waletha ezweni lakubo imbewu yetiye, eqala ukusabalala kwetiye eJapan. Kulesi sizinda sasendulo, uZhonghuang No.1 uyinto yakamuva nje: umela umkhiqizo wokhetho lwesimanje lwezilimo “ezinemibala” futhi uyisibonelo sendlela isigaba setiye eliphuzi, esincane ngevolumu, esithola ngayo uphawu olusha, olwaziwayo lwesifunda.

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Ukuhlobana kwezezitshalo: I-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — uhlobo lwesihlahla, olunamahlamvu amancane naphakathi.
Uhlamvu lokukhanya: ingaphansi kwezinhlobo ezikhanyisiwe (ezinamaqabunga aphuzi); umbala osagolide uhlobene namazinga aphansi e-chlorophyll futhi ngokuvamile uba namandla lapho kukhanya okwanele (uhlobo olusondelene noluzwela ukukhanya — 光照敏感型, guāngzhào mǐngǎn xíng).
Iqabunga: ngokwemvelo liphuzi lisagolide, likhanya kakhulu emahlumelweni amancane.
Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo empahleni eluhlaza: ingxenye ephezulu yama-amino acid kanye namazinga alinganiselayo e-polyphenol.
Impahla eluhlaza yaleli tiye: amahlumela aqhekeziwe aneqabunga (断芽叶, duàn yá yè).

Kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amhlophe ezizwelayo ekupholeni njengoBaiye No.1 (白叶一号, Báiyè Yīhào, isisekelo setiye elimhlophe lase-Anji), eziphaphathekayo kuphela entwasahlobo yokuqala epholile, uZhonghuang No.1 uhluke ngokuthi ugcina umbala osagolide phakathi nengxenye enkulu yesizini futhi ngokwalesi simo usondelene nezilimo eziphuzi ngokugqamile njengoHuangjinya (黄金芽, Huángjīnyá). I-chlorophyll ephansi isho i-photosynthesis engasebenzi kahle, ngakho izihlahla ezinjalo, ngokuvamile, zikhiqiza kancane futhi zidinga ubuchwepheshe bokulima obucophelelayo.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isifunda esiyinhloko: isifunda saseTiantai, kanye nezinye izindawo ezimbalwa zaseZhejiang, lapho uhlobo lwesilimo lutsalwa khona kakhulu.
Izixhumanisi eziqondile zaseTiantai: cishe u-29° N, 121° E.
Ukuphakama: izintaba eziphansi kanye nemithambeka; amasimu etiye ngokuvamile atholakala ebangeni elisukela cishe kumamitha angu-200 kuya kwangu-800.
Isimo sezulu: i-subtropical monsoon — ihlobo elifudumele nelinomswakama, ubusika obupholile, inkungu njalo.
Umhlabathi: one-asidi, odonsa amanzi kahle, oqukethe udaka namatshe.
Indawo engokomlando: i-Huading Massif (华顶, Huádǐng), isiqongo esikhulu sezintaba zaseTiantai (cishe amamitha angu-1100), ekudala yaziwa ngetiye eliluhlaza i”Huading Clouds and Mist” (华顶云雾, Huádǐng Yúnwù).

Isimo sezulu esipholile, esinomswakama sezintaba esinenkungu eminingi sinciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi sikhuthaze ukuqoqeka kwama-amino acid, okuyigugu ikakhulukazi ohlotsheni olukhanyisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuvele umbala osagolide walesi silimo, isihlahla sidinga ukukhanya okwanele, ngakho ukukhetha umumo womthambeka kanye nokuminyana kokutshala kuthinta zombili umbala weqabunga kanye namakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo empahleni eluhlaza.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Uhlobo lokucubungula: ubuchwepheshe betiye eliphuzi ngesigaba esibalulekile “sokuthungisa” (闷黄, mènhuáng).
Ukuvuna: amahlumela athambile kanye namahlumela aneqabunga elilodwa noma amabili; kulo mkhiqizo kusetshenziswa impahla yamahlumela anamahlamvu eqhekeziwe.

Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi ngokuvamile kunjena:

Ukubuna/Ukwendlala (摊放, tānfàng): impahla eluhlaza yendlalwa ngongqimba omncane, kwehliswa umswakama, futhi “kuthuliswa” iqabunga.
Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): ukufudumeza ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme, kumiswe ukufakwa komoyampilo.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): ukwakhiwa kweqabunga kanye nokucekelwa okuyingxenye kwamaseli; kulesi sigaba impahla yamahlumela anamahlamvu ivame ukuphukwa.
Ukuthungisa (闷黄, mènhuáng): isigaba esibalulekile nesinqumayo setiye eliphuzi — amahlamvu afudumele namanzi abekwa ndawonye futhi ambozwe, lapho ngaphansi komthelela wokushisa nomswakama osele kwenzeka izinguquko ezingezona eze-enzyme. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-polyphenol athambile, ubukhali “obuluhlaza” buyaphela, futhi ukunambitheka kuba yindilinga futhi kumnandi.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): ukuletha esimweni esomile nokuqinisa iphunga.

Njengoba kuZhonghuang No.1 iqabunga selivele liphuzi ngokwemvelo, indima yokuthungisa ilapha isuka “ekufakeni umbala” iya ekwakheni ukunambitheka, ngakho izingcweti zivame ukukwenza ngokuthambile nangokufushane. Yilesi sigaba sokuthungisa esihlukanisa itiye eliphuzi elivela kulolu hlobo lwesihlahla netiye eliluhlaza elivela esihlahleni esifanayo: ngaphandle kwe-闷黄 kutholakala itiye eliluhlaza, ngakho kutholakala eliphuzi.

6. Izici Zokuzwakala:

Iqabunga elomile: amahlumela aqhekeziwe anamahlamvu ombala osagolide ophuzi, ngokuvamile anezihlava ezimhlophe.
Umzipho: osobala, osuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokusagolide.
Iphunga: elisha, elinamanothi ommbila ophekiwe, utshani obusha kanye nenothi elincane “elifudumele”, elethwe ukuthungiswa.
Ukunambitheka: okusha futhi okunoshukela, “nomami” ogcwele, ubuhlungu obuncane nobumuncu; kuzwakala ubumnandi obubuyayo (回甘, huígān).
Izinsalela ezibilisiwe: izingcezu ezithambile, ezinombala ogqamile osagolide ophuzi.

Ifomethi eqhekeziwe yenza umzipho ugcwale kakhudlwana futhi kusheshe ukukhishwa okukhishwayo, kodwa kube nezendlalelo ezimbalwa zokunambitheka kunamahlumela aphelele; iphunga liphila lihlala lisha futhi lithambile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): aphezulu kakhulu; ngokwemininingwane ekhona, izinga eliphelele lingadlula u-6%, futhi emahlumelweni asentwasahlobo lingafinyelela emazingeni aphawulekayo aphezulu — ngokuphindwe kaningana kunalezo zezinhlobo ezivamile zetiye eliluhlaza (cishe u-3–4%).
Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): alinganiselayo, cishe ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-13–20%.
Isilinganiso se-polyphenol/amino acid (酚氨比, fēn’ān bǐ): siphansi, okuhlobene ngqo nokunambitheka okusha, okungenabudlova.
I-caffeine: ngokuvamile phakathi cishe kuka-2–4%.
I-L-theanine: iyingxenye yeqoqo lama-amino acid futhi inomthelela ekuthambeni “nasekubeni nomami”.

Amanani anikeziwe alinganiselayo futhi ancike esikhathini sonyaka sokuvuna, ingxenyeni yamahlumela, ubuchwepheshe bokulima kanye nemininingwane yokucubungula; ukuze uthole izibalo eziqondile, kuhlale kufanele kuncikwe emininingwaneni yaselabhorethri yeqoqo elithile.

8. Izakhiwo Ezizuzisayo:

Ama-antioxidant: ama-polyphenol nama-catechin anomsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidation.
I-L-theanine: inomthelela esimweni sokuzola nokuqina, ithambise umthelela we-caffeine.
Ukuthambile esiswini: ngenxa yokuthungiswa, itiye eliphuzi ngokuvamile libekezeleleka kangcono kunetiye eliluhlaza elisha.
Ukuqabula amandla: izinga elilinganiselayo le-caffeine linomthelela omncane wokuvusa amandla.

Itiye akulona umuthi futhi alithathi indawo yosizo lwezokwelapha. Isiphuzo siqukethe i-caffeine, ngakho abantu abazwelayo kuyo, abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele balinganisele.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izitsha: i-gaiwan (盖碗), ingilazi yegilazi noma iketela (kuvumela ukubuka iqabunga elisagolide), i-porcelain.
Isilinganiso: cishe amagremu angu-3–4 ku-150 ml; ekuphuzeni “okwejwayelekile” engilazini, amagremu angu-2–3 anele.
Amanzi: athambile, izinga lokushisa cishe lingu-80–90 °C.
Ukuchitheka: umzipho wokuqala mfushane (10–20 s), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isikhathi sandiswa kancane kancane; singakwazi ukumelana cishe nokuchitheka okungu-3–5.

Cabanga ukuthi impahla eluhlaza eqhekeziwe ikhipha ukunambitheka ngokushesha kunephelele, ngakho kungcono ukugcina izinga lokushisa lisondele ku-85 °C futhi wenze ukuchitheka kube kufushane kakhulu, ukuze ungatholi ukuminyana okweqile kanye nobuhlungu obuncane. Ekuphiseni engilazini, thela amanzi eqabungeni, ulivumele licwile bese wengeza amanzi njengoba ezakuncipha, ngaphandle kokuwakhipha ngokuphelele.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: indawo epholile, emnyama, eyomile, ukupakishwa okuvalwe ngokuphelele okungenaphunga langaphandle.
Ifriji: kuyavunyelwa uma kuvalwe ngokuqinile; emva kokukhipha, iphakethe liyekwe lifudumale lifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, lingavulwa, ukugwema ukujiya komswakama.
Isikhathi sokugcina: njengetiye elisondelene neliluhlaza ngokomoya, likhanya kahle kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi cishe sezinyanga ezingu-12–18.

UZhonghuang No.1 akalona itiye elihloselwe ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ulahlekelwa ubusha bephunga nokugqama kokunambitheka, ngakho kunengqondo ukuliphuza lisemancane.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohliso:

Isigaba sentengo: ifomethi yamahlumela anamahlamvu eqhekeziwe (断芽叶) ingenye yezinguqulo ezitholakala kalula kakhulu zeZhonghuang No.1 futhi isebangeni lentengo eliphansi nelimaphakathi.
Okubizayo: amahlumela aphelele asentwasahlobo kanye nokuvunwa okucophelelayo kwamahlumela anamahlamvu alolu hlobo lwesihlahla kubiza kakhulu.

Izintengo eziqondile zincike kakhulu enkathini, esifundeni, engxenyeni yamahlumela nasedumeleni lomkhiqizi, ngakho akufanele ukusho izimali eziqondile; kufanele ubheke isilinganiso esihambisanayo samabanga. Izingcuphe ezijwayelekile nokushintshwa:

Okuluhlaza esikhundleni sokuphuzi: itiye elivela esihlahleni esifanayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwesigaba sokuthungiswa, lithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama leli eliphuzi — ukunambitheka kuveza ubuthambo “obuluhlaza” kanye nokungabikho kwendilinga ethambile.
Ukushintshwa ngolunye uhlobo lwesilimo: esikhundleni sikaZhonghuang No.1 kusetshenziswa ezinye izilimo ezisagolide, isibonelo uHuangjinya (黄金芽, Huángjīnyá).
Ukuhlukanjululwa nokufakwa imibala: ukwengezwa kwempahla eluhlaza eluhlaza evamile, okungavamile — ukufakwa kombala wokwenziwa.
Indawo engamanga: ukubalelwa kwetiye imvelaphi yaseTiantai ngaphandle kwezizathu.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani: kuZhonghuang No.1 wangempela ophuzi kunombala osagolide olinganayo weqabunga elomile kanye nezinsalela ezibilisiwe, ukunambitheka okuthambile okunoshukela ngaphandle kobumncu obubukhali kanye nenothi “elifudumele” lesici sokuthungiswa. “Ubuhlaza” obubukhali, izingcezu ezimpunga ngokuluhlaza noma umbala ogqame ngokuzenzisa ophuze izinsolo kuyisizathu sokungabaza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ibanga eliqhekeziwe lisemthethweni ukuthi lishibhile kunamahlumela aphelele, futhi akufanele ulikhokhe ngokweqile njengokungathi amahlumela aphezulu.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Injongo yegama: “中黄一号” ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “Okusagolide KwaseShayina No.1” — “中” ikhomba ukubamba iqhaza kwezikhungo zesayensi ezikhethekile, “黄” ikhomba iqabunga eliphuzi, “一号” ikhomba inombolo elandelanayo yohlobo lwesilimo.
Uhlobo “lwewele”: kukhona uZhonghuang No.2 (中黄二号, Zhōnghuáng Èrhào), oxhumene ngokuqinile nesifunda saseJinyun (缙云县, Jìnyún Xiàn) eZhejiang kanye nomkhiqizo we”Jinyun Yellow Tea” (缙云黄茶, Jìnyún Huángchá).
Umbala ovela emvelweni, hhayi ekucubungulweni: ithuba elingajwayelekile lapho umbala “ophuzi” wetiye unikezwa ikakhulu izakhi zofuzo zesihlahla, futhi hhayi ukuthungiswa kuphela.
Impilo ekabili yohlobo lwesilimo: iqabunga elifanayo livame ukucutshungulwa libe itiye eliluhlaza, okwenza kube lula emakethe ukudida izinguqulo eziluhlaza neziphuzi.
I-eksisi engokomlando yaseTiantai: uhlobo lwesilimo lwesimanje lukhule endaweni isiko eliyihlobanisa nokusabalala kokuqala kwetiye eJapan ngezindela ezazifunda entabeni iTiantai.

Ekuphetheni:

UZhonghuang No.1 uyisibonelo esibonakalayo sokuthi isiko letiye laseShayina lihlanganisa kanjani izimpande zasendulo nokhetho lwesimanje lwezitshalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemuva kwakhe kunentaba iTiantai nezindela zayo zobuBuddha kanye namasiko asendulo etiye lasezintabeni; ngakolunye uhlangothi, lolu uhlobo olusha oluqhakile, ombala wawo osagolide namazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid ewenza waziwe futhi ube yimpahla eluhlaza elungele ubuchwepheshe yetiye eliphuzi elithambile, elisha.

Ifomethi yamahlumela anamahlamvu eqhekeziwe (浙江中黄一号断芽叶黄茶) iyinguqulo ewusizo, etholakala kalula yalolu hlobo lwesilimo: ingaphansi kwamahlumela aphelele asentwasahlobo ngobuncane nangezendlalelo eziningi, kodwa idlulisa ngokuthembekile izimfanelo eziyinhloko zikaZhonghuang No.1 — umzipho osagolide, ubuhlungu obuncane kanye “nomami” ogcwele onoshukela. Ukuze ujwayelane netiye eliphuzi lesimanje elivela ezilimweni ezikhanyisiwe, lena indawo yokuqala enengqondo, futhi ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokucutshungulwa okuphuzi nokuluhlaza kweqabunga elifanayo kuyasiza ekuvikeleni ukukhokha ngokweqile nasekukhetheni isiphuzo ngokwazi.

the teas described here are available from teamotea