Zhī Lán Xiāng Dāncóng · new.thetea.app

Zhī Lán Xiāng Dāncóng ingenye yezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezimnandi futhi eziyisisekelo somndeni omkhulu wama-ulong aseFenghuang. Iphunga layo eliyigcogcoma le-“orchid” — elihlabayo, eliqhakazile, elinobumnandi obuncane kanye nokujula okunamaminerali — lenze leli tiye laba yisilinganiso sezintaba eziphakeme zaseGuangdong futhi laba umhlanganyeli ongadingeki emikhosini ye-Cháozhōu Gōngfū Chá.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Ulung osezingeni eliphakathi lokugqwala, inani lokuvutshelwa kufinyelela ku-20–40%. Ngokohlelo lweShayina lwemibala eyisithupha luhlukaniswa njengetiye elivutshiwe kancane.
Isigaba: Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dāncóng) — Isihlahla Sodwa saseFenghuang. Siyisigaba esisodwa sezinhlobo eziyishumi zepunga eliyisakhiwo sokusebenza (十大香型, Shí Dà Xiāng Xíng), esaqinisekiswa ngo-1996.
Imvelaphi: Izintaba zaseFenghuang (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān), isifunda saseChao’an (潮安区, Cháo’ān Qū), isifunda saseChaozhou (潮州市, Cháozhōu Shì), isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng), China. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza: indawo yaseWudong (乌岽, Wūdòng) — isizinda esingokomlando somkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu elinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezihlahla ezindala; iFengxi (凤西, Fèngxī) — indawo okutholakala kuyo izihlahla zomama zakudala; iDa’an (大庵, Dà’ān) — indawo enamapulazi amancane.
Iziqhingi zokuma komhlaba: Isikhungo sesifunda esicishe sibe: 23°57′ N, 116°40′ E.
Amazinga: Izinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 30357.6–2017 «Ulung. Ingxenye 6: Dān Cōng»; izinga lesifunda i-DB4451/T 1–2021 «Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo — Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng (枞) Chá». Uphawu lwendawo lwanikezwa ngo-2010 ngesaziso somphakathi seNombolo 30 soMnyango Wezwe Wokulawula Ikhwalithi.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando

Umlando wama-tiye aseFenghuang usukela enkathini yobukhosi bamaSong (宋朝, Sòng Cháo, 960–1279). Ngokwemibhalo yendawo, izakhamuzi zasezintabeni zaseChaozhou kakade ngaleso sikhathi zazilima izihlahla zetiye zasendle ezinamahlamvu afana nomhlathi wenyoni — okuthiwa i-Niǎozuǐ Chá (鸟嘴茶, «Itiye Lomhlathi Wenyoni»). Kukhona inganekwane edumile exhunyaniswa nalesi sikhathi: umbusi wokugcina wamaSong u-Wei-wang Zhao Bing (卫王赵昺, 1271–1279) owayexoshwa amabutho aseMongolia wacasha ezintabeni zaseWudong futhi wanqamula ukoma ngokunikezwa itiye izakhamuzi zendawo. Kamuva inzalo yalezi zihlahla yabizwa ngokuthi «Sòng Chá» (宋茶, «Itiye LamaSong»), kanti elihamba phambili kuzo — «Sòng Zhǒng» (宋种, «Imbewu YamaSong»).

Ngenkathi yobukhosi bamaMing (明朝, Míng Cháo, 1368–1644) amatiye aseFenghuang avela esifundeni saseDaizhao (待诏山) afakwa ohlwini lwezipho eziya enkantolo yombuso ngaphansi kwegama elithi «Dàizhào Chá» (待诏茶). Ngo-1662 isikhulu sezempi sesifundazwe saseRaoping u-Wu Liuci wahlela ukuhlwanywa kwezitshalo ezintsha zetiye emithambekeni yaseWudong, kwathi ngo-1705 umbusi wesifunda u-Guo Yufan wakhuthaza ngokusemthethweni ukwandiswa kokutshalwa kwetiye. Ekhulwini lama-20 amatiye aseFenghuang asakazeka kakhulu phakathi kwama Shayina aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, aba umkhiqizo obalulekile othunyelwa ngaphandle.

Ukuhlelwa kwezinhlobo zephunga kwenzeka ngo-1996, lapho iqembu locwaningo eliholwa nguProfesa Dai Suxian (戴素贤) waseNyuvesi Yezolimo YaseNingizimu China (华南农业大学, Huánán Nóngyè Dàxué) laqeda ucwaningo lweminyaka emithathu lwamakhemikhali akha iphunga le-Dān Cōng. Ngenxa yalomsebenzi kwahlonzwa izinto eziphunga eziyi-104, iningi lazo ezingama-terpenol, futhi kwaqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni «izinhlobo eziyishumi zephunga ezinkulu» (十大香型), okwakungokunye kwazo i-Zhī Lán Xiāng. Isihlahla esimele i-芝兰香 — i-«Réikǒu Chá» (雷公茶) esineminyaka engaba ngu-250 — sachazwa kukhathalogi yezihlahla ezindala zaseFenghuang.

Ngo-2022 «Ubungcweti Bokuphuza Itiye baseChaozhou» (潮州工夫茶艺, Cháozhōu Gōngfū Chá Yì) kwafakwa njengokuphela kommeleli wesigaba «sebungcweti betiye» esicelweni esihlanganyelwe esithi «Izindlela Zendabuko Zokwenza Itiye kanye Nezenzo Zomphakathi Ezihambisanayo», i-UNESCO yasifaka ohlwini Olumele Ubungcweti Obungaphatheki Boluntu. I-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng futhi iyitiye lokuqala elifakwe kwinqwaba yokuqala yezivumelwano ezimbili zokuhloniphana kwezimpawu zendawo phakathi kwe-China ne-EU.

Igama

«Zhī Lán Xiāng» (芝兰香) lihumushwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi «Iphunga Le-Orchid Ye-Chih». Ngokwesiko lezitshalo lamaShayina, i-«zhī» (芝) isho izitshalo eziphunga zomndeni we-Cymbidium (ama-orchid aphansi), kuthi i-«lán» (兰) ibe umqondo obanzi wezimbali ezinhle, owaba isibonakaliso sobukhosi kwifilosofi kaConfucius neyeDaoist. UConfucius wafanisa ukuhlangana nomuntu ohloniphekile nokungena emakamelweni agcwele ama-orchid we-lán. I-«xiāng» (香) isho iphunga. Ngakho-ke, igama linomqondo ombaxambili: isichazelo sezinzwa zetiye, kanye nesifundo sokuziphatha sobunyoninco.

«Dān Cōng» (单丛) lisho «isihlahla sodwa»: itiye liqoqwa futhi licutshungulwe ngokwehlukana kusuka esihlahleni ngasinye esivelele, ukuze kugcinwe iphrofayili eyingqayizivele yephunga yalesi sitshalo. «Fèng Huáng» (凤凰) — iFenghuang, inyoni yasenganekwaneni, isibonakaliso sobukhosi, sinikeza igama kulezi zintaba.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko

I-Zhī Lán Xiāng Dān Cōng inendawo ebalulekile emasikweni etiye laseChaozhou. Isiko elithi «Cháozhōu Gōngfū Chá» (潮州工夫茶) lifuna ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha ezincane (itende noma i-gaiwan enomthamo ongu-50–100 ml), ukufakwa okuhamba kancane, okugxilile kanye namaphasi amafushane aphindaphindiwe, okuvumela ukwazisa konke ukunambitheka kwephunga. Kulesi senzo esingokwesiko, i-Zhī Lán Xiāng isebenza njengenye yezinto eziphikisayo zobungcweti bomninikhaya. Isithombe se-orchid — imbali ethobekile, kodwa ephunga ngisho esigodini esingenamuntu — sibe yisibonakaliso saleli tiye, esihlotshaniswa nesithunzi esihlezi sodwa.

3. Isichazelo Sezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo Lwembewu: Kukhiqizwa nge-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (L.) Kuntze, uhlobo olukhulwayo i-Fèng Huáng Shuǐxiān (凤凰水仙, Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān, «I-Narcissus yaseFenghuang»), okuyiyo futhi inombolo yokubhalisa kazwelonke i-Hua Chá No. 17 (华茶17号). Kusukela kulesi sizinda sofuzo sokuqala, ngokukhetha kwamakhulu eminyaka, kwahlukaniswa izinhlu eziningi zamathambo, ngalinye lazo liguqula ngendlela yalo izici zezitshalo zezinhlobo zomama. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamathambo zohlobo lwe-Zhī Lán Xiāng yilezi: i-Bāxiān (八仙), i-Sòng Zhǒng Zhī Lán Xiāng (宋种芝兰香), i-Jī Lóng Kān (鸡笼刊), i-Wū Yè Zhī Lán (乌叶芝兰), i-Zhú Yè Zhī Lán Xiāng (竹叶芝兰香) nezinye.
Isimo Sokuma: Isitshalo esinjengesihlahla (乔木型, qiāomù xíng), amahlamvu amakhulu: ubude buyi-10–14 cm, isimo siyisihlava eside, ingaphezulu liyisikhumba, linomhlwenga omncane. Ingaphansi lamahlamvu amancane limbozwe uboya obusiliva obuyi-trichomes. Izihlahla zetiye zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-3–5 m; izibonelo ezindala ezineminyaka engama-300–600 zenze iziqu eziqinile kanye nomqhele obanzi.
Ukuqoqwa: Kwenziwa ngesandla kuphela. Izinga lokuqoqwa kwama-Dān Cōng asezingeni eliphezulu lithi — «ihlumela elilodwa namahlamvu amabili kuya kwamathathu angaphezulu» (一芽二三叶). Isizini esiyinhloko yintwasahlobo (Mashi — Ephreli); kwenziwa futhi nokuvuna kwasebusika (冬片, dōngpiàn), okunikeza umuthi othambile. Itiye lasentwasahlobo elivela ezingadini eziphakeme lithathwa njengelihamba phambili ngokwamanani emakhemikhali anamaphunga.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokukhuliswa:

Isifunda: Izintaba ezinkulu zaseFenghuang (凤凰山脉, Fènghuáng Shānmài), isifundazwe saseGuangdong.
Ukuphakama okukhuliswa kukho: Amamitha angu-800–1500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amatiye angcono kakhulu e-Zhī Lán Xiāng avela ezigodini zaseWudong (乌岽, ~1391 m) naseFengxi (凤西, ~1000–1200 m). Ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa emini nasebusuku kunciphisa izinguquko zemetabolism emahlamvini, okusiza ukunqwabelana kwemikhiqizo yokwanda yamakhemikhali anamaphunga — ama-terpenol glycosides.
Inhlabathi: Yakheke phezu kwegranite, ine-acidi encane (pH 4.5–5.5), inothile nge-iron, manganese, zinc kanye nama-microelement. Kukholelwa ukuthi iphrofayili yaminerali yomhlabathi inikeza ama-Dān Cōng isigqi sentaba esiyisici — i-Yán Yùn (岩韵) — ekunambithekeni kwangemuva.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinamandla emvula, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-18°C, imvula yonyaka engaba ngu-2200 mm, izinsuku zenkungu ezingaphezu kweyi-100 ngonyaka. Ukufiphala okuqhubekayo kwehlisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kunciphiso ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi kukhuphule ukugcwala kwe-L-theanine kanye nama-precursor anamakhemikhali anamaphunga.
Ubungcweti Bezolimo: Ezihlahleni ezindala, ukutshalwa okuyingxenye yasendle kuyenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umquba kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane: ukunqamula okuphindaphindiwe kwezimpande ukuze kulawulwe ukukhula, ukumboza umhlabathi ngamagxolo elayisi. Abakhiqizi besimanje abaqinisekisiwe basebenza ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-DB4451/T 1–2021 zokukhiqiza okuphilayo nokuhlanekile. Esifundeni kunezihlahla zetiye ezicishe zibe ngu-1,500 ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100, okungaphezu kuka-3,500 zazo ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-200 ubudala.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Zhī Lán Xiāng Dān Cōng kuyinqubo enezigaba eziningi, edinga ukulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama esinyathelweni ngasinye. Ubunyoninco bephunga bufezeka kahle lapho kucutshungulwa, hhayi ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa kuphela.

Ukuqoqwa (采摘, cǎi zhāi). Kwenziwa ngesandla ikakhulukazi ekuseni. Izinga: «ihlumela elilodwa namahlamvu amabili kuya kwamathathu». Amahlamvu esihlahla esisodwa acutshungulwa ngokwehlukana, okuwumgogodla womqondo othi «Dān Cōng».
Ukwethulwa elangeni (晒青, shài qīng). Ikhasi elisanda kuqoqwa lisakazwa ngengqimba elincanyana emathreyini awe-bamboo ngaphandle ngokukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile. Ubude bayo buyimizuzu engu-30–60 kuya ngesimo sezulu. Kukhishwa umswakama ongu-10–15%, kwaqala izinqubo zokuqala zokuvutshelwa.
Ukwethula ngokupholisa endlini (晾青, liàng qīng). Amahlamvu adluliselwa ekamelweni elipholile, elinomoya omuhle, asakazwe ngokulinganayo emashalofini. Amaseli ekhasi avuselela i-turgor, kwenzeke ukwabiwa kabusha komswakama. Lesi sigaba sithatha amahora angu-1–2.
Ukuxukuzwa nokuxutshwa (摇青 / 做青, yáo qīng / zuò qīng). Isigaba esibalulekile sokwakheka kwephunga le-ulung. Amahlamvu afakwa emigqonyeni ye-bamboo noma emigomeni ekhethekile futhi axukuzwe ngesigqi. Umthelela womshini ulimaza imiphetho yamahlamvu, okuqala ukugqwala okukhethiwe emaphethelweni — lokhu kungumthombo wephethini eyisici ethi «imiphetho ebomvu, isisu esiluhlaza» (红边绿腹, hóng biān lǜ fù). Inqubo iphindaphindwa ngezikhathi zokuphumula («liàngqīng») futhi iphindaphindwa kuze kufike emijikelezweni engu-15 phakathi namahora angu-10–12. Kuso lesi sigaba lapho ama-terpenol glycosides e-hydrolyzwa futhi akhulula amakhemikhali anamaphunga aphelelwa isikhathi — ikakhulukazi i-isoeugenol (异丁香酚, yì dīngxiāng fēn), enesibopho sephunga eliyingqayizivele le-Zhī Lán Xiāng.
«Ukubulala ukuluhlaza» (杀青, shā qīng). Ukweyiswa okusheshayo epanini lensimbi noma lensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu (200–250°C) imizuzu engu-3–5. Inqubo yenza ama-enzyme angasebenzi, imisa ukugqwala futhi iqinise izinga lokuvutshelwa eselifinyelelwe.
Ukugoba (揉捻, róuniǎn). Ukugoba okulula ngesandla noma ngomshini. Kuma-Dān Cōng kusetshenziswa izinga elipholile: amahlamvu agotshwa kancane, agcine isimo sezintambo ezinde ezivulekile, hhayi ukuphenduka amabhola aqinile njengakwamanye ama-ulung.
Ukuxegisa (松团, sōng tuán). Amahlamvu anamathelayo ngesikhathi sokugoba axegiswa ngesandla ukuze kutholakale ukoma okulinganayo.
Ukoma kokuqala nokweyiswa (烘焙, hōng bèi). Ukoma kokugcina kanye nokuzinzisa iphunga. Indlela yendabuko — ukweyiswa okuhamba kancane ngamalahle ezinkuni (炭焙, tàn bèi), ngokuvamile ngokhuni lwe-litchi (Litchi chinensis), okwengeza umsindo omncane ofudumele. Inkwethu ilawula ukushisa kwamalahle ngesandla, yenza iziphambuko eziningana. Izimboni zesimanje zisebenzisa amakhabethe kagesi anokulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa (60–80°C), nokho indlela yendabuko yokweyiswa ngamalahle isathathwa njengeyona ejwayelekile.
Ukuhlukaniswa (分级, fēn jí). Ukususwa kweziqu zamahlamvu, amahlamvu alimele nangafani. Ukuhlukaniswa ngesandla kudingekile emaqoqweni asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukweyiswa okuphindiwe (复焙, fù bèi). Isigaba sokuzikhethela samatiye ahloselwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside noma ukuthola isimo esigcwele kakhudlwana «esinamalahle» (浓香型, nóng xiāng xíng), ngokuphambene nesimo esilula «esisha» (清香型, qīng xiāng xíng).

6. Izici Zezinzwa:

Isimo sekhasi elomile ngaphandle: Amahlamvu amakhulu, amade (5–8 cm), agotyiwe kancane anombala onsundu ngokumnyama noma obunsundu-oliv okucwebezela okunamafutha okuyisici. Amahlamvu aminyene, athe xaxa, aphelele, anomkhawulo ophakathi ocacile. Izinga lekhwalithi lichaza isimo sangaphandle ngokuthi «tiáo suǒ jǐn jié» (条索紧结) — «intambo egotyiwe ngokuqinile».
Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Licacile, liyinkimbinkimbi, lizinzile. Imisindo ephakeme yezimbali ye-orchid ne-gardenia inamandla okuthile kancane wezithelo. Lapho ikhasi lifudunyezwa esitsheni esifudumele, iphunga liba namandla, kuvele imikhondo emincane ekhilimu nenothe.
Iphunga lomuthi: Linamandla, liqhakazile, linobumnandi, linokuhlaba ngendlela eyisici (高锐, gāo ruì). Amaphasi okuqala anikeza iphunga elimsulwa le-orchid; ngamaphasi alandelayo liyaguquka, licebisa ngezindawo zezithelo ezingavamile, uju nokhuni olufudumele.
Ukunambitheka: Kuminyene, bushelelezi, kunamafutha, akukho kubaba noma ukuqhweba okungahlobene. Ukunambitheka kuchazwa ngokuthi «chún shuǎng» (醇爽) — okuthambile-okusha. Ekunambithekeni kuvela ngokulandelana: ubumnandi bezimbali, ukuqhwebana okulula okupholisayo, ukhilimu, imisindo yesipayisi. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva (韵, yùn) kuyisikhathi eside, kunobumnandi, nomsindo oyisici waminerali yetshe lasentabeni — «Yán Yùn» (岩韵), okushiya ukuphola okumnandi emphinjweni.
Umbala womuthi: Kusuka kokugolide okulula kuya kukwe-amber okugcwele, obala futhi okhazimulayo. Kuwo wonke umfutho olandelayo umbala uya ukhanya kancane kancane.
Ingaphansi letiye (ikhasi elifakwe amanzi): Amahlamvu avuleka ngokuphelele, ekhombisa ukuphelela, ukuxega kanye nophawu oluyisici lwe-ulung — «isisu esiluhlaza emgodini obomvu» (红边绿腹): isikhungo sekhasi sihlala siluhlaza, imiphetho ibomvu ngokunsundu, okubonisa isimo esikhethekile sokugqwala.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng iyonkana inamazinga aphezulu wezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-ulung. Ucwaningo lwezibonelo ezimele ezingama-66 zama-ulung aseShayina (董青华, 2012) lukhombise ukuthi isilinganiso se-caffeine ku-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng singu-3.75% — okungaphezulu kakhulu kunama-ulung aseNingizimu Fujian (2.21%) nawaseNyakatho Fujian (2.53%). Isilinganiso samapolyphenol etiye ku-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng singu-22.00% uma kuqhathaniswa no-16.56–16.60% ezinhlotsheni zaseFujian (idatha ngezinto ezomile).

Ama-Polyphenol: Ingqikithi engu-22.64–39.12% (ngezinto ezomile). Ama-Catechin angu-8.91–17.39%, okuhlanganisa i-EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) njengeyona eyinhloko; ama-flavonoid angu-8.27–14.05%.
Ama-Amino acid: 1.15–2.96%, okuhlanganisa i-L-theanine (L-theanine, 茶氨酸, Chá ānjīsuān). Isilinganiso sama-amino acid ku-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng siphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza noma amhlophe; isilinganiso samapolyphenol kwama-amino acid (酚氨比) siphezulu, okwenza ukunambitheka okugcwele «okuqinile».
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine ingu-2.349–5.334% (ngezinto ezomile), i-theobromine, i-theophylline ngamanani amancane.
Ukukhishwa okuncibilikayo emanzini: 35.63–49.41%, okufakazela ukugcwala okungavamile komuthi.
Amakhemikhali anamaphunga: Isici esicwaningwe kakhulu sokwakheka. Ngokwemiphumela ye-GC/MS-analysis (周春娟 nabanye) inhlanganisela eyinkomba ephawulekayo yephunga lohlobo lwe-Zhī Lán Xiāng yi-isoeugenol (异丁香酚, yì dīngxiāng fēn) — i-phenylpropanoid enuka i-clove ne-orchid. Ukwengeziwe, kukhona i-linalool (芳樟醇, fāng zhāng chún) nama-oksidi ayo, i-dehydrolinalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol, i-neryl acetate, i-farnesol, i-β-ionone, i-γ-nonalactone. Iphunga lakhiwa ngenxa yoku-hydrolysis ye-enzyme yama-glycosides kanye nohla lwezinto eziphendukayo zokugqwala, okuvuswa lapho kuxukuzwa ikhasi.
Amaminerali: Izinga eliphakeme le-Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu; kukhona ne-Se (kwezinye izinhlobo eziphindiwe), i-F (fluoride). Isilinganiso se-Se emahlamvini ezinye izihlahla ezindala sifinyelela ku-0.056–0.353 mg/kg, kwi-«Sòng Zhǒng Mì Lán Xiāng» — kuze kufike ku-0.299 mg/kg.
Amavithamini: C, B1, B2, PP, E ngamanani aphakathi nendawo.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa nokugqwala. Izinga eliphezulu lamapolyphenol (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) linciphisa ama-radical akhululekile. Ucwaningo lwe-Guangdong Institute of Chinese Medicine lukhombise ukuthi ukuphuza njalo i-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng kwehlisa izinga lokuqhamuka kwe-lipid peroxidation esibindini sezilwane, okufakazela umphumela wokulwa nokugqwala nokuguga.
Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo. Ukuqaphelwa kwemitholampilo kwaleli ziko elifanayo: ezigulini ezine-cholesterol ephezulu, ukuphuzwa kwe-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng kabili ngosuku amasonto angama-24 kwaqoshwa ukwehla okuthembekile kwezinga le-cholesterol ephelele nama-triglycerides. Abacwaningi baseJapan (i-Wayo University, oProfesa Miyagawa noKawamura) baqinisekisa umphumela ofanayo kumodeli yezilwane.
Umphumela wokuvuselela kancane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wokuthula. Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine (~3.75% ngokwesilinganiso) ne-L-theanine ihlinzeka ngomdlandla ocacile ngaphandle kokujabula: i-caffeine ikhuphula ukugxila, i-L-theanine yehlise ukukhathazeka futhi isekele ukunaka okuqhubekayo.
Ukwenza ngcono ukugaya ukudla. Ama-ulung ngokwesiko asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla nokusheshisa umzimba wamafutha. Isilinganiso esiphezulu samapolyphenol sikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya.
Umphumela we-hypoglycemic. Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi izinto ezikhishwe kuma-ulung aseFenghuang ziyakwazi ukuvimba i-alpha-glucosidase — i-enzyme ebandakanyeka ekuhlukanisweni kwama-carbohydrate. Lokhu kungasiza ekulawuleni i-glycemia, noma kunjalo lo mphumela udinga ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okwengeziwe.
Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane. Kutholwe ukucindezelwa kokukhula kwe-Helicobacter pylori ngokukhishwe kwe-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng in vitro. Ucwaningo lusendleleni yokuhlola.
Umphumela wokuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ama-Flavonoid nama-polysaccharide etiye asekela impendulo yamasosha omzimba.
Umphumela wokuvikela izinzwa. I-L-theanine ikhombisa izici zokuvikela izinzwa, ivikela ama-neuron ekucindezelekeni kokugqwala; ucwaningo lokuhlola lukhomba inzuzo engaba khona ekulimaleni kwengqondo. Idatha idinga ukuqinisekiswa kwemitholampilo.

9. Ukufakwa:

Ukuze kuvulwe ngokuphelele amandla, kunconywa indlela ye-Gōngfū Chá (工夫茶) enamafushane amaningi.

Izitsha: I-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) eyenziwe nge-porcelain emhlophe enomthamo ongu-80–120 ml — ivumela ukubona umbala womuthi nephunga, ngaphandle kokuwaphazamisa. Enye indlela — itende elincane lobumba lwaseYixing (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) elinomthamo ongu-80–150 ml; ubumba lwe-nilunshan noma i-hongli luhambisana kahle nephunga lama-ulung.
Inani letiye: Ama-gramu angu-5–7 emanzini angu-100–150 ml. Ukuze uthole umuthi ogcwele kakhudlwana kungasetshenziswa ama-gramu angu-7–8.
Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 90–95°C. Amanzi abilayo aphuma ngqo eketeleni (100°C) angase «ashise» imisindo emincane yephunga, ikakhulukazi yamaqoqo entwasahlobo alula. Sebenzisa amanzi athambile ane-mineralization engagqizi amehlo engaphezu kwe-100 mg/l.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza i-gaiwan noma itende, uthele amanzi abilayo bese uwathulula emva kwemizuzwana engu-20–30.
2. Thela itiye elomile. Lisondeze ekhaleni — hlaziya iphunga «lekhasi elifudunyeziwe» (热香, rè xiāng): kufanele kuzwakale imisindo emsulwa yezimbali.
3. Ukugeza (醒茶, xǐng chá): Thela amanzi ashisayo, bese uwathulula ngokushesha (imizuzwana engu-3–5). Lokhu «kuvusa» ikhasi futhi kulihlanze othulini olungaba khona.
4. Umfutho wokuqala: Thela amanzi, vala isivalo. Isikhathi sokufakwa siyimizuzwana engu-10–15. Thela umuthi ngokuphelele.
5. Umfutho wesibili: 15–20 imizuzwana. Iphunga lifinyelela ekuphakameni.
6. Okwesithathu kuya kowesihlanu: 20–30 imizuzwana, andisa kancane isikhathi nge-5–10 imizuzwana.
7. Okwesithupha nokulandelayo: +15–20 imizuzwana kulowo ngamunye owandulelayo. I-Zhī Lán Xiāng enhle imelana nemifutho engu-8–15 noma ngaphezulu, iguqula ukunambitheka kusuka ekutheni kusha kwezimbali kuya kwezithelo zoju bese kuba okhuni oluthambile.
8. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-chahai (茶海, cháhǎi, imbiza yetiye) ukuze kulinganiswe ukugcwala komuthi ngaphambi kokuthululela ezinkomishini.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isitsha: Esivalekayo, esingangeni ukukhanya: izigqoko zobumba ezinezivalo eziqinile, iziqukathi zikathayela, izikhwama ezinezingqimba eziningi ze-foil ezinezikhwepha. Itiye limfimfitha kalula amaphunga angaphandle — lingagcinwa eduze kwekhofi, izipayisi, noma amakha.
Izimo: Indawo epholile (10–20°C), eyomile (umswakama ohambisanayo ongeqi ku-60%), emnyama. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kubulala ama-polyphenol namakhemikhali anamaphunga aphelelwa yisikhathi.
Isikhathi Esigcina Itiye Lilungile: Uma ligcinwe kahle, itiye ligcina izimfanelo zalo eziphezulu unyaka ongu-1–2 ngesimo «esisha» (清香型). Amatiye asesimweni se-«nóng xiāng» (浓香型) — athathe ukweyiswa okujulile — aqine kakhudlwana futhi angagcinwa iminyaka engu-2–3.
Ukuguga: Amanye ama-Dān Cōng asezingeni eliphezulu, uma egcinwa ngendlela elawulwayo (umswakama ophansi, izinga lokushisa elizinzile), ayavuthwa ngokwengeziwe futhi athole isimo esijulile. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyisenzo esikhethekile, esingajwayelekile kuzibonelo eziningi zentengiso.

11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Engamanga:

Isigaba sentengo

I-Zhī Lán Xiāng Dān Cōng ingeyesigaba sama-ulung aphambili. Intengo inqunywa yizinto eziningana:

Ubudala bezihlahla (树龄, shùlíng): Itiye elisuka ezihlahleni ezi-«Lǎo Cóng» (老丛, lǎo cóng, iminyaka engu-50–100+) naku-«Gǔ Shù» (古树/古丛, gǔ shù, iminyaka engu-200–600) linani elingenakuqhathaniswa nomkhiqizo osuka emapulazini amancane; intengo ingashintsha ngokuphindwe ka-10–50.
Ukuphakama nemvelaphi: Itiye elisuka endaweni yaseWudong (乌岽) — okuyisizinda esaziwayo sekhwalithi ekuphakameni okungu-1000–1391 m — libiza kakhulu kunelivela ezingadini ezisezinkangala.
Isizini nonyaka wokuvuna: Itiye lasentwasahlobo ngokwesiko likwaziswa kakhulu kunehlobo nekwindla.
Isimo sokweyiswa: Ukweyiswa kwendabuko ngamalahle okuyimisebenzi yesandla kwengeza inani.

Ububanzi bentengo emakethe: kusuka ku-R300–1000/50 g emapulazini amancane kuye ku-R3000–15,000/50 g nge-«Lǎo Cóng» evela ezindaweni ezihamba phambili, futhi ngaphezulu kakhulu — nge-«Gǔ Shù» eqinisekisiwe evela ezihlahleni ezinamagama.

Ungawagwema kanjani amanga

Thenga kubahlinzeki abakhethekile abanomlando osobala: abathengisi abathembekile basho indawo, ukuphakama, ubudala bezihlahla, igama lenkwethu. Ubukhona besitifiketi sokusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lwe-GI (凤凰单丛（枞）茶地理标志产品专用标志) kuyisiqinisekiso esengeziwe.
Hlola isimo sangaphandle: Amahlamvu kufanele abe makhulu, made, aphelele, athe xaxa, ngaphandle kokuphuka nothuli, acwebezela ngamafutha onsundu ngokumnyama.
Hlola iphunga: Iphunga lemvelo le-Zhī Lán Xiāng liyinkimbinkimbi, linezici eziningi, linemikhawulo, ngaphandle kwemisindo yamakhemikhali, eyokwenziwa-yizimbali noma ene-asidi. Ukunukwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukuzwakala ngokuthi «kuyizicaba» noma «kungotshwala».
Yenza ukufakwa: Itiye langempela linikeza umuthi osobala, okhazimulayo onokunambitheka okuhlanzekile okuhlala isikhathi eside nephethini efanele yamahlamvu engaphansi kwetiye. Amahlamvu kufanele avuleke, ekhombisa «imiphetho ebomvu, isisu esiluhlaza».
Xwayisa ngentengo ephansi ngokusolisayo ye-«Lǎo Cóng» noma i-«Gǔ Shù»: itiye elinjalo ngokuvamile liwumkhiqizo ovela ezihlahleni ezincane noma omunye umsuka, okwethulwa njengokwasendulo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-orchid esigodini esingenamuntu. UConfucius wabhala: «Umuntu ohloniphekile, ophila phakathi kwabantu ababi, ufana ne-orchid ehlathini elingenalutho — iyaphunga, noma ngabe kungekho muntu ozohlonipha». Yilesi sithombe esaba yisisekelo somoya segama elithi Zhī Lán Xiāng. Itiye liqanjwe ngegama lembali efanekisela isithunzi sokuziphatha, esigcinwayo kungakhathaliseki izimo.
Izihlahla ezindala kunombuso. Ezinye izihlahla ze-Zhī Lán Xiāng — ikakhulukazi, i-«Sòng Zhǒng Zhī Lán Xiāng» esentabeni iWudong (budala obungaphezu kweminyaka engu-400) — zindala kuneningi lamazwe aseYurophu emingceleni yawo yamanje futhi zivikelwe ngokusemthethweni njengamagugu emvelo aseChina. Esifundeni sekukonke kunezihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-3,500 ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200.
Itiye lobumbuso olukhulu. Ngo-2023, phakathi nomhlangano ongekho emthethweni wabaholi beChina neFrance eGuangzhou, i-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng yanikezwa njengokunikezelwa okusemthethweni — iqiniso elasakazwa kabanzi ngabezindaba bombuso baseChina.
Igama eliguqukayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Omunye wabathwali bamaphunga aziwayo e-Zhī Lán Xiāng — i-«Yā Shǐ Xiāng» (鸭屎香, «Iphunga Lobulongwe Bedada») — ekuqaleni kwaqanjwa ngegama elenyanyekayo ngamabomu, ukuze kufihlwe isihlahla esiyigugu kwabancintisanayo. Ngemva kokuba itiye libe yisimanga emhlabeni wonke, ngo-2014 laqanjwa kabusha ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-«Yín Huā Xiāng» (银花香, «Iphunga Le-Honeysuckle»), kwaqashelwa ukuba kwaso eqenjini lamaphunga e-Zhī Lán Xiāng.
Ibhetshi lokuqala le-EU. I-Fèng Huáng Dān Cōng yafakwa ezinhlwini zokuqala eziyikhulu zezimpawu zendawo, ezivikelwe ngokuhlanganyelwa yisivumelwano phakathi kwe-PRC ne-EU (esayinwa ngo-2021), kanye nasesivumelwaneni sokuhloniphana phakathi kwe-China neThailand se-«3+3» — okubonisa isimo sayo somhlaba wonke njengomkhiqizo onezici eziyingqayizivele ze-terroir.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo Ze-Zhī Lán Xiāng Dān Cōng:

I-Zhī Lán Xiāng akusilo uhlobo olulodwa, kodwa iwuhlobo olukhulu lwephunga, oluhlanganisa inqwaba yezinhlu ezinamagama zamathambo ezinemikhawulo yokunambitheka nephunga. Okwaziwa kakhulu futhi okubalulekile kwezohwebo:

Bāxiān (八仙, Bāxiān, «Abangafi Abayisishiyagalombili»). I-clone esabalala kakhulu yohlobo lwe-Zhī Lán Xiāng. Izihlahla eziyisishiyagalombili ezimsunguli zatshalwa endaweni yaseLi Ziping (李仔坪) ngo-1898 zisuka esihlahleni somama waseFengxi. Ngo-1958, ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu, yafakwa ngokusemthethweni ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezinkulu zaseChaozhou. Ukuphakama kokutshalwa kungaba ngu-1050 m. Isici: «tiáo suǒ jǐn zhì shuò dà» — amahlamvu amakhulu aminyene; iphunga le-orchid liphakeme futhi lizinzile, umuthi ugolide phagathi, ukunambitheka kuhle futhi kumnandi.
Sòng Zhǒng Zhī Lán Xiāng (宋种芝兰香, «Imbewu YamaSong Yephunga Le-Orchid»). Isihlahla esidala esinegama salolu hlobo — sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-400, ukuphakama okungu-1200 m entabeni iWudong. Saziwa ngokuthi i-«Sòng Zhǒng» (Imbewu YamaSong) njengesona esiphila isikhathi eside futhi ekhiqiza kakhulu. Ngo-1984 kwasungulwa umugqa we-vegetative clonal. Isici: iphunga le-orchid le-cymbidium elintekenteke nelimuncu, «isigqi sentaba» esijulile, ukunambitheka okugcwele, okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Jī Lóng Kān (鸡笼刊, Jīlóng Kān, «Ikheji Yezinkukhu»). Isihlahla esinobudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engu-300; ukuphakama okungu-831 m. Saqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yesimo sangaphambili somqhele, esasifana nekheji lezinkukhu. Isici: iphunga lezimbali eliphezulu, isimo «sentaba» esigcwele.
Wū Yè Zhī Lán (乌叶芝兰, «I-Orchid Enamaqabunga Amnyama»). Isihlahla esinobudala obucishe bube ngu-400 emkhawulweni ongu-1006 m. Sihluke ngombala oluhlaza omnyama wamahlamvu amancane (ngakho-ke «wū yè» — «ikhasi elimnyama»). Isici: umucu wamahlamvu ohlangene, ohloniphekile; iphunga le-orchid elibukhali, eliphezulu, ukunambitheka okubuyela emuva okuhlukile, ukumelana okuphezulu ekufakweni okuningi.
Zhú Yè Zhī Lán Xiāng (竹叶芝兰香, «I-Orchid Yekhasi Lomhlanga»). Ikhasi lime njengomhlanga — kuvela lapho igama. Ibudala bungaphezu kweminyaka engu-300, ukuphakama kungu-1130 m. Isici: iphunga le-orchid eliphezulu neliqhubekayo, ukunambitheka kwangemuva «kwesihlahla esidala» okugcwele.
Gān Yè Zhī Lán (柑叶芝兰, «I-Orchid Yekhasi Le-Mandarin»). Ibudala bungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-160, ukuphakama kungu-1100 m. Amahlamvu afana namahlamvu e-mandarin. Iphunga lisondele kwi-Zhī Lán, ukunambitheka kusha futhi kugcwele.
Léi Gōng Chá (雷公茶, «Itiye LikaNkulunkulu Wezulu»). Ibudala bungaba ngu-250, ukuphakama kungu-750 m. Esinye sezihlahla ezimbalwa zohlobo lwe-Zhī Lán Xiāng endaweni ephansi ngencazelo. Iphunga lithambile kunokwezibonelo ezisezintabeni eziphakeme; isimo «sesihlahla esidala» esigcwele.

14. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Ama-Ulung Ase-Fenghuang:

Ipharamitha	Zhī Lán Xiāng (芝兰香)	Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香)	Huáng Zhī Xiāng (黄枝香)	Yù Lán Xiāng (玉兰香)
Iphunga	I-Orchid, izimbali, elihlabayo, elimsulwa	I-Orchid yoju, izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, uju	I-Gardenia, izimbali eziphuzi, elimnandi	I-Magnolia, izimbali, eline-wax
Ukunambitheka	Okuthambile, okubushelelezi, okupholisayo	Okugcwele, oku-oju, okumnandi	Okuthambile, okumnandi, okunezithelo	Okuntekenteke, okunokhilimu
Ukunambitheka kwangemuva	Kuyiminerali, kukude	Kukude, kuju	Kumnandi, kukude	Kulula, kumnandi
Amakhemikhali ayinkomba	Isoeugenol	Nerol, farnesol, β-ionone	α-cadinol (α-杜松醇)	Farnesol, linalool
Isimo	Esinobunyoninco, «sobukhosi»	Esivulekile, «sentando yeningi», esidumile	Esisendulo, esilinganiselayo	Esintekenteke, esithambile
Ukuduma	Kuphezulu	Kuphezulu kakhulu (okudume kakhulu)	Kuphezulu	Okuphakathi nendawo

Zhī Lán Xiāng vs. Mì Lán Xiāng: I-Zhī Lán Xiāng inephunga eliphezulu nelihlabayo, kuyilapho i-Mì Lán Xiāng ifudumele, inoju, iyindilinga. Abaningi babheka i-Mì Lán Xiāng njengefinyeleleka kalula ngokunambitheka, bese i-Zhī Lán Xiāng ibe sobukhosi futhi iyinkimbinkimbi.

Zhī Lán Xiāng vs. Huáng Zhī Xiāng: I-Huáng Zhī Xiāng inephunga lezimbali eligcwele, «elisindayo» ngomsindo oshayelayo we-gardenia; i-Zhī Lán Xiāng ilula futhi «ibandayo».

Zhī Lán Xiāng vs. Ama-Ulung ase-Anxi (Tiě Guān Yīn): Naphezu kwesigaba esifanayo sephunga — ama-ulung ezimbali, — ahluke kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe nangesimo. I-Tiě Guān Yīn ihilela ukugotshwa okuyindilinga okuqinile nokugqwala okuphansi; iphunga layo lintekenteke futhi «liluhlaza». I-Zhī Lán Xiāng — ukugqwala okuphezulu, ukweyiswa ngamalahle, ikhasi elide, isimo esijulile nesifudumele.

Ukuvala ngesiphetho

U-Zhī Lán Xiāng Dān Cóng akukhona nje itiye, kuyifilosofi yokuhlangenwe nakho kwetiye, esesikhumbuzweni sehlamvu. Iphunga lawo le-orchid — elibukhali, elimsulwa futhi elizinzile — kuwo wonke umfutho libuza umbuzo omusha futhi nalo ngokwalo liyawuphendula: kancane ngokuhlukile, kufudumele kancane, kuchebile noma kuthambile. Kule ndlela eguqukayo yokungaguquki kufihlwe umnyombo we-Gōngfū Chá: isineke, ukunaka, ukubonga ngesikhathi.

Itiye elisuka eNtabeni iFenghuang — ngelabo abakulungele ukwehla ngejubane. Ngalezo ezingathandiseli nje ukuqeda ukoma, kodwa futhi nokuzwa ukuthi enkomishini encane kugxilile konke ukujula kwezwe lasentabeni yasendulo: iphunga le-orchid, umswakama wenkungu, ukuqina kwegranite kanye nobungcweti bezizukulwane eziningi zabantu betiye. Lokhu akulona ukukhetha kokuhlangana ngetiye okokuqala — futhi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yabo bonke asebevele bengakwazi ukumisa.