Itiye Elihilaza laseZhaoping

Itiye Elihilaza laseZhaoping (昭平绿茶, Zhāopíng lǜchá) liwuhlobo lwetiye eliluhlaza laseChina oluhlanganisa izindlela zokulukhanda ngokuluhlanganisa (烘炒结合型, hōngchǎo jiéhé xíng), elikhiqizwa esifundeni saseZhaoping eGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Itiye eliluhlaza laseZhaoping lidume ngomgomo walo “wokuhlaza okuthathu nobuhle obune” (三绿四美, sānlǜ sìměi): iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani, inyezi eliluhlaza okwejeyidi, isisekelo setiye esiluhlaza ngobumnene; ubuhle besimo, ubuhle benyezi, ubuhle bephunga nobuhle bokunambitheka. IZhaoping ibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi iyindawo “yetiyeni lokuqala lasentwasahlobo lwasezwenikazi laseChina” (中国大陆第一早春茶, Zhōngguó Dàlù Dìyī Zǎochūnchá) — ukuvuna lapha kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama‑30 ngaphambi kunezifunda zamatheyi zaseZhejiang naseJiangsu.

1. Ukuhlelwa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga, elihlanganisa izindlela zokulukhanda (ukuhlanganisa ukugazinga nokomisa ngomoya oshisayo). Izinga lokufakwa komoya‑mpilo lingaphansi kuka‑5%.
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseChina; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo oluvikelwe (国家地理标志产品, Guójiā Dìlǐ Biāozhì Chǎnpǐn). Isifunda saseZhaoping siphawulwe njenge “Ndawo yetiye elihlwabusayo laseChina” (中国有机茶之乡, Zhōngguó Yǒujī Chá zhī Xiāng), “Ndawo yetiye elidumile laseChina” (中国名茶之乡, Zhōngguó Míngchá zhī Xiāng) kanye “Nesifunda esibalulekile sokukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza eChina” (全国绿茶重点产区, Quánguó Lǜchá Zhòngdiǎn Chǎnqū, lesi sikhundla sanikezwa ngo‑2024).
• Imvelaphi: IChina (中国, Zhōngguó), Isifunda saseGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), idolobha laseHezhou (贺州市, Hèzhōu Shì), isifunda saseZhaoping (昭平县, Zhāopíng Xiàn). Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa sonke isifunda — izigodi namalokishi ayi‑11, izigodi zokuphatha ezingu‑118.
• Izixhumanisi zejografi: Cishe 23°40′–24°24′ N, 110°34′–111°19′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

Isiko letheye laseZhaoping linekhulu leminyaka ngaphezu kwenkulungwane, liqala ngenkathi yeNingizimu Song (南宋, Nán Sòng).

Inkathi yeSong–Yuan (宋元, Sòng-Yuán): eminyakeni yeChunxi (淳熙, Chúnxī, 1174–1189) yokubusa kombusi weNingizimu Song uXiaozong (孝宗, Xiào Zōng), itiye laseZhaoping lafakwa ohlwini lwamatheyi entela aseGuangxi (广西贡茶, Guǎngxī Gòngchá), isabelo sonyaka sentela sasingamakhilogremu alinganiselwa ku‑3 750. Ngezikhathi zeMing neQing, itiye “elivunwa ngaphambi kweQingming” (未过清, wèiguòqīng) elivela entabeni iXiangqi (象棋山, Xiàngqí Shān) lalithengiswa phesheya ngedolobha eliyitheku. Umlando wesifunda wango‑1934 (《昭平县志》, Zhāopíng Xiànzhì) ukhuluma ngokuthi itiye lendawo “ngokunambitheka nephunga aliphansi” kunamatheyi adumile aseJiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian naseAnhui.

Ukuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe (1970–1990s): ngeminyaka yawo‑1970, izingcweti zaseZhaoping zahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe baseLongjing zenza izinhlobo zendawo “inaliti yesiliva” (银针, yínzhēn) kanye “nenaliti yejeyidi” (碧玉针, bìyù zhēn), kamuva ezahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi “IYin Shan Cha” (银杉茶, Yínshān Chá — “itiye lefir yesiliva”). Ngeminyaka yawo‑1990, kwethulwa uhlelo lwe‑“1777” (人均种茶0.1亩, rén jūn zhòng chá 0.1 mǔ), oluhlose ukumisa kahle ubuchwepheshe nokwandisa amasimu.

Inkathi yokwakha uphawu (I‑21st century): ngo‑2007, i‑“Jiangjunfeng Yin Shan” (将军峰银杉, Jiāngjūnfēng Yínshān) yazuza indondo yegolide engqungqutheleni yomhlaba yetiye eliluhlaza. Ngo‑2013, iHhovisi Eliphethe Elilawula Ikhwalithi (国家质检总局, Guójiā Zhìjiǎn Zǒngjú) lagunyaza ukuvikelwa kophawu lwendawo “Zhaoping Cha” (昭平茶). Ngo‑2025, indawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni ifinyelela kuma‑266 000 mu (cishe amahektha ayi‑17 700), umkhiqizo wonyaka wetiye elomile ungamathani angama‑23 200, inani elihlanganisiwe lomkhiqizo lidlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi‑6.8, kanti uphawu “Zhaoping Cha” lungenela unyaka wesishiyagalombili lilandelana ku‑“Top‑100 yamabhrendi esifunda eChina” ngenani elilinganiselwa kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi‑42.38.

• Igama:

“Zhaoping” (昭平, Zhāopíng) igama lesifunda, elihlehlela emuva enkathini yeTang: umbhalo othi 昭 (zhāo) usho “ukukhanya, okucacile”, 平 (píng) usho “ukulingana, ukuthula”; lapho ehlangene khona — “indawo yokuthula okucacile”. “Lǜ Chá” (绿茶, Lǜchá) kusho “itiye eliluhlaza”. Ezinkulumweni zansuku zonke, itiye eliluhlaza laseZhaoping libuye libizwe nge‑ “Zhaoping Lü” (昭平绿, Zhāopíng Lǜ).

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:

Inganekwane yentaba iXiangqi (象棋山, Xiàngqí Shān) ithi kudalá izidalwa zasezulwini, lapho zizulazula eziqongweni zezintaba, zema kule ndawo, zihehwe ubuhle bendawo. Zabeka ibhodi lomdlalo we‑chess zase zidlala, kanti inceku yazo yayipheka “itiye eliwumlingo” ngamanzi emithombo yezintaba. Ngaphambi kokuhamba, lezi zidalwa zasezulwini zasakaza emithambekeni imbewu emangalisayo — imithambeka yagcwala izihlahla zetheye. Ukuhlonipha le nganekwane, intaba yaqanjwa ngokuthi iXiangqi — “I‑Chess”. Le ndaba engokomfanekiso ikhombisa inhlonipho endala yabantu bendawo ngetiye lasezintabeni. Ngo‑2018, “Ubuciko bokwenza itiye lentaba iXiangqi” (象棋山茶制作技艺, Xiàngqí Shān Chá Zhìzuò Jìyì) lwafakwa kwirejista yamagugu angabonakali aseGuangxi.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / Isilimo esitshaliwe: Ukutshalwa okuyinhloko (cishe 60%) — uFuyun 6 (福云6号, Fúyún 6 Hào), uhlobo lwamaqabunga amancane oluphuma kakhulu kusenesikhathi Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, olwakhelwe ngokukhethekile amatheyi ayisicaba anjenge “fir yesiliva”. Ukuqala kokuvuna kusukela maphakathi noFebruwari, okuyinto enikeza iZhaoping isikhundla sokuba ngesinye sezifunda zamatheyi ezisuka kusenesikhathi kakhulu ezwenikazi laseChina. Kukhona futhi okutshalwe iWuniuzao (乌牛早, Wūniúzǎo) kanye neLongjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43). Ematheyeni asongekileyo (象棋云雾, Xiàngqí Yúnwù), kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yendawo yezihlahla ezinamaqabunga aphakathi ezimila njengezihlahla eziphakeme (乔木型中叶种, qiáomù xíng zhōngyè zhǒng), ezikhiqiza inyezi eliminyene nelinothile.
• Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwangaphambi kwentwasahlobo kuqala maphakathi noFebruwari (imihlume emincane — izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu). Isikhathi esiyinhloko sasentwasahlobo siqhubeka kuze kube ngasekupheleni kuka‑April. Ukuvuna kwehlobo‑ekwindla (May–October) — umhlume onamaqabunga amabili — kuqondiswa ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinokumelana nokuphinda uphiswe ngokweqile.
• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu — imihlume engakavulwa noma umhlume oneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka. Izinga lokuqala — umhlume oneqabunga elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Izinga lesibili — umhlume onamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu.
• Izidingo ezintweni zokusetshenziswa: Okufanayo, okusha, okungenamonakalo wemishini, okuvunwe ngesikhathi esomile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela entabeni iXiangqi, lapho kumila khona izihlahla ezinekhulu leminyaka, zibaluleke kakhulu.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu nobume bendawo: Isifunda saseZhaoping sitholakala endaweni enomoya oshisayo ongena emifuleni exhumanisa u‑23°–24° N. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka liphakathi kuka‑19.9–21.2 °C, okuyinto eqinisekisa isikhathi esingenasithwathwa sezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka‑310. Isilinganiso semvula sonyaka si‑1 650–2 046 mm (esinye sezifunda ezinemvula eningi eGuangxi). Izinsuku ezinokuhwamuka zingaphezu kuka‑180 ngonyaka, umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku ungaphezu kuka‑10 °C, kanti ingxenye yokukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile icishe ibe ngu‑70%. Ubume bendawo buyizintaba namagquma: ama‑87.6% wendawo yakhiwe izintaba, futhi abantu baseZhaoping bathi “Zhaoping ayilingani” (昭平不平, “Zhaoping ayisilo ilingene”). Ukuphakama kusukela ku‑50 kuye ku‑1 100 m; amasimu amakhulu atholakala ekuphakameni okungu‑300–967 m.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yezintaba ebomvu nephuzi (山地红黄壤, shāndì hónghuáng rǎng), i‑pH 5.0–6.5, okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo okungu‑ ≥ 2.5%, okunothiswe ngeselenium. Izinga lokugawulwa kwehlathi esifundeni lingu‑85.5%, okuyindawo yokuqala eGuangxi, okuyinto enikeza ukuvikeleka kwemvelo ezilwaneni eziyingozi (ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kusebenza kangcono ngo‑50%) kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezinto ezingcolisa izimboni.
• Izici zokutshala: Ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme nokuba namafu amaningi kubambezela ukukhula kwamahlumela, kwandise izinga lama‑amino acid ezwini lasentwasahlobo libe ngaphezu kuka‑5.2% — okungu‑15% ngaphezulu kunamathiyeni asezindaweni eziphansi. Amapulazi amaningi anesitifiketi sokuhlwabusa; umkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke yinkampani i‑“Jiangjunfeng” (将军峰茶业, Jiāngjūnfēng Cháyè), amasimu ayo asesigodini saseJiangkou (江口村) ahlinzeka ngomthamo ofinyelela ku‑60% womkhiqizo wesifunda.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I‑Zhaoping Lü Cha ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe, obuhlanganisa ukugazinga (炒, chǎo) nokumisa ngomoya oshisayo (烘, hōng):

1. Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla okukhethiwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisencane.
2. Ukuzwelisa kuzisefa zoqalo (摊青, tānqīng): Amaqabunga andlalwa kuzithwali zoqalo ngongqimba oluyi‑3–5 cm bese kulindwa amahora ama‑4–6 ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo elingu‑20–25 °C, kuze kube ilahleko yomswakama ifinyelela ku‑20–25% futhi iqabunga lithambe. Izisefa zoqalo ziqinisekisa ukungenwa komoya ngokulinganayo, okuyinto ekhuphula ngokusobala ubusha bokunambitheka kwetiye eselilungile.
3. “Ukubulala okuhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Ukumiswa kwezinga eliphezulu lokushisa emgqonyeni ojikelezayo ngo‑300 °C. Indlela “yokushisa okuphezulu — ukugazinga ngokushesha” (高温快炒, gāowēn kuàichǎo) inciphisa ukunambitheka kotshani okungafunwa ngo‑30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulukhanda kwendabuko nge‑wok.
4. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukushintshanisa ukucindezela okulula, okuqinile nokulula (轻‑重‑轻, qīng‑zhòng‑qīng) ukuze kwakheke isimo nokuvula amaseli aphethe ijusi.
5. Ukubumbeka (做形, zuòxíng): Ngokuya ngomkhiqizo ohlosiwe: ukucindezela okuyisicaba “kwefir yesiliva” (银杉, yínshān), ukusonga ngokomoya “kwetiye lomfula uGuijiang” (桂江绿茶, Guìjiāng Lǜchá), ukubumbeka “kolimi lomdlwane” kwe‑maojian (毛尖, máojiān).
6. Ukumiswa kokuqala (毛火烘干, máohuǒ hōnggān): Umoya oshisayo ngo‑120 °C.
7. Ukumiswa kokugcina (足干, zúgān): Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kufinyelela ku‑80 °C; umswakama wokugcina — akukho ngaphezu kuka‑6.5%.
8. Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Ngokwezinga le‑T/CNGMA018—2025.

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuya ngesimo sokulukhanda: “ifir yesiliva” — amahlumela aqondile, acishe abe izicaba anenweba emhlophe efihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba esiluhlaza (白毫隐绿, báiháo yǐnlǜ); “Xiangqi Yunwu” — “imisonge” emincane egoqiweyo, egotshwe kancane enombala otshani oyijeyidi no‑sheen onamafutha; i‑maojian — “izilimi zomdlwane” ezincane (雀舌形, quèshé xíng) ezinombala ogqamile oluphuzi noluhlaza.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Linokwehlukahlukana: isisekelo samabele (栗香, lìxiāng) — ithoni eyinhloko yetiye lezinga lokuqala; iphunga eliphakeme elihlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng) — kumazinga aphezulu “efir yesiliva”; iphunga loju nezimbali (蜜糖花香, mìtáng huāxiāng) — uphawu oluvelele lwe‑“Xiangqi Yunwu”; lapho izimo zendawo zihamba kahle kakhulu, kuvela inothi ye‑orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng).
• Iphunga lenyezi: Eliqhakazile, eliphakeme futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, elinamabele noma ubhontshisi obuswidi obugqamile, okuhambisana nomsindo wezimbali ngemuva.
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuphilayo (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) — uphawu lwezinto zokusetshenziswa zasentwasahlobo olunama‑amino acid amaningi. Umzimba wenyuzi umaphakathi futhi unamafutha (甘醇, gānchún), nobuya obuswidi obucacile (回甘, huígān). Isisekelo se‑polyphenol (≥ 28.3%) siqinisekisa ukwakheka okwanele nokumelana nokuphinda uphiswe izikhathi eziningi: itiye liyavela kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokuncipha okukhulu kokunambitheka.
• Umbala wenyuzi: Oluhlaza ngobumnene, oqhakazile futhi ocwebile (嫩绿明亮, nènlǜ míngliàng) emazingeni aphezulu; oluphuzi noluhlaza — kwezinkulu.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga ebiliselwe): Amaqabunga aluhlaza ngobumnene, alinganayo, acwebezelayo, anenyama, ahlangana abe “ama‑bouquets” amancane (肥壮成朵, féizhuàng chéngduǒ) — uphawu lwezinga eliphezulu lokuvuna.

7. Ukwakheka Kwezamakhemikhali:

• Ama‑Polyphenol (ama‑catechin): ≥ 28.3% — okuphezulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso samatheyi aluhlaza, okubangelwa ilanga lase‑subtropicali kanye neqabunga elikhulu le‑cultivar yendawo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi‑EGCG, ECG ne‑EGC, ezihlinzeka nge‑antioxidant esebenza ngamandla.
• Ama‑Amino acid: ≥ 5.2% ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zasentwasahlobo, kuhlanganisa ne‑L‑theanine njengengxenye enkulu. Ukulingana kwama‑polyphenol nama‑amino acid kukhombisa ukulingana okuhle kobusha nokwakheka.
• Ama‑Alkaloid: I‑Caffeine — 3.8%, okuhlanganiswa nama‑polyphenol kuhlinzeka ngomphumela oqhubekayo wokuqabula, olinganiselwa ukuthi uyisikhathi esingu‑1.2 ngaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namatheyi aluhlaza aseZhejiang naseJiangsu.
• Isicaphuno samanzi: ≥ 45% — ukukhishwa okuphezulu, okukhombisa ukugcwala “nomzimba” wenyuzi.
• Amavithamini: C (ikakhulukazi ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zasentwasahlobo), B‑complex, K.
• Amaminerali: I‑Potassium, i‑manganese, i‑fluoride, i‑selenium (ukunothiswa kubangelwa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi).
• Amafutha abalulekile: Ayisizathu sokwehlukahlukana kwephrofayili yephunga: amanothi wamabele, wezimbali noju akhiwa ngezigaba “zokubulala okuhlaza” nokomisa.

8. Izinzuzo Ezisizayo:

• Ukuvikela nge‑Antioxidant: Izinga eliphezulu lama‑catechin (≥ 28.3%) kanye ne‑selenium kuhlinzeka ngomphumela we‑antioxidant ocacile, olinganiselwa ukuthi ungama‑20% omphakeme kunamatheyi aluhlaza asezindaweni eziphansi.
• Ukuqabula nokulwa nokukhathala: Inhlanganisela ye‑caffeine (3.8%) nama‑polyphenol inikeza ukuvuka okuqhubekayo ngaphandle “kokuwa kwe‑caffeine” okuvamile.
• Ukusekela imetabolism: Ama‑Catechin abambezela ukufakwa kwe‑glucose, esiza ekulawuleni izinga likashukela egazini; isicaphuno samanzi (≥ 45%) sihlinzeka ngokufinyeleleka okuphezulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo.
• Ukuqinisa uqweqwe lwamazinyo: Izinga le‑fluoride liphindwe ka‑30 kunesilinganiso samatheyi aluhlaza, okwandisa ukumelana noqweqwe lwamazinyo nge‑asidi.
• Ukugaya: Ama‑Polyphenol nama‑amino acid ashukumisa umsebenzi wokukhiqiza izimbewu; itiye liyanconywa ihora ngemuva kokudla.
• Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo: Ukusebenzisa njalo kungasiza ekwehliseni amanqanaba e‑LDL‑cholesterol nasekusekeleni ukunwebeka kwezindonga zemithambo.
• Imisebenzi yengqondo: I‑L‑theanine ithuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokulingana ngokomoya, ngaphandle kokudala ubuthongo.

9. Ukubilisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C ngetiye lezinga lokuqala nelesibili; 75 °C ngezinga eliphezulu (防烫伤嫩芽, ukuvimbela “ukushiswa” kwemihlume emincane).
• Inani letheye: 3 g ku‑150 ml (indlela yaseYurophu, isilinganiso se‑1:50); 5–6 g ku‑100–120 ml (indlela yegongfu).
• Isitsha: Ingilazi noma ibheke — ukubona “umdanso wetheye” (茶舞, chá wǔ); i‑gaiwan emhlophe yobumba (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — ukuhlanganisa iphunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi abilayo, ukhulule amanzi.
  2. Beka itiye.
  3. Sebenzisa indlela “yokuthela phezulu” (上投法, shàngtóufǎ) — kucala amanzi, bese kuba itiye. Ukuhlanza akudingekile.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala — imizuzwana engama‑30 (ingilazi) noma imizuzwana eyi‑10–15 (i‑gaiwan).
  5. Konke ukuthela okulandelayo — ukwandisa ngemizuzwana eyi‑10.
  6. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokuphinda ubilise izikhathi ezi‑3–4 engilazini; kuze kube izikhathi ezi‑5–6 ku‑gaiwan.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Ukupakisha okungenamoya nokungabonisi (isikhwama sevacuum esinongqimba lwensimbi, ikani lezinki).
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 0–5 °C (iqandawenza). Ngaphambi kokuvula, vumela iphakethe lifinyelele izinga lokushisa lasekamelweni.
• Ngemuva kokuvula — sebenzisa kungakapheli izinyanga ezi‑3, ukuze uvimbele ukufakwa komoya‑mpilo kwama‑polyphenol nokulahleka kwephunga.
• Izitha zetiye: umswakama, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphunga angajwayelekile.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

• Isigaba sentengo: Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu (特级, tèjí) — imihlume egcwele noma umhlume oneqabunga elilodwa, indawomcabango eyisicaba ecwebezelayo, iphunga likaphizi omncane — ngaphezu kwamaRandi angama‑600 nge‑jin (500 g). Izinga lokuqala (一级, yījí) — umhlume oneqabunga elilodwa kuya kwamabili, iphunga lamabele, amaRandi angama‑200–400 nge‑jin. Izinga lesibili (二级, èrjí) — itiye elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
• Izinto ezithonya intengo: Isikhathi sokuvuna (okwangaphambi kwentwasahlobo — kubiza kakhulu), ukuphakama lapho kumila khona, umsebenzi wezandla, ukuba khona kwesitifiketi sokuhlwabusa.
• Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
  • Thenga itiye elinophawu lwendawo “Zhaoping Cha” (昭平茶) noma uphawu lomphakathi “Zhaoping Lü” (昭平绿).
  • Hlola ukubukeka: izinga eliphezulu — amahlumela ayisicaba noma aqondile anenweba ebonakala kancane, umbala otshani ofanayo ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezimnyama noma eziphuzi.
  • Iphunga kumele libe lihlanzekile — amabele, izimbali noma ubhontshisi — ngaphandle kwephunga lokubolisa nelokubolile.
  • Inyezi — licwebile, eliqhakazile, eliluhlaza ngobumnene; ubumanzi bukhombisa ukwaphulwa kobuchwepheshe noma ukugcinwa.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — isignali yokushintshaniswa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwezinye izifunda.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• IZhaoping ingesinye sezifunda zokuqala zetiye ezwenikazi laseChina, eqala ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo: ngenxa yesimo sezulu sase‑subtropicali kanye nohlobo lwesilimo esitshaliwe olukhula kakhulu kusenesikhathi uFuyun 6, isivuno siqala maphakathi noFebruwari, sinqotshwe inyanga ngaphambi kwezifunda ezidumile zetiye zaseZhejiang naseJiangsu.
• Uphawu lwendawo yokulima itiye yiNtaba iXiangqi (象棋山), emithambekeni yayo okugcinwa khona izihlahla zetiye zasendle ezineminyaka ekhulu. Isisho esidala saseZhaoping sithi: “Itheye laseXiangqi, elibiliswe ngamanzi abilayo, alibi izinsuku eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa” — igama elihlabisayo eligcizelela ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngokungavamile kwenyuzi.
• Ngo‑1988, itiye le‑“Lü Cha No. 2” (绿茶2号), elakhiqizwa imboni yetiye yaseZhaoping, lahlonishwa ngesikhundla “sokuba ngelinye lamatheyi ayisithupha adumile aseGuangxi” (广西六大名茶), lazuzwa indondo yegolide “yeNdebe kaLu Yu” (陆羽杯) futhi langena “Emibhalweni Engcwele Yetiye LaseChina” (《中国茶经》, Zhōngguó Chájīng).
• Entabeni iTengbaoshan (藤宝山, Téngbǎo Shān) kumila itiye eliyingqayizivele “elivela emvinini” (藤宝茶, Téngbǎo Chá) — amaqabunga amancane, afana nezinaliti zoqalo, abantu bendawo abawabiza nge‑“tiye lezidalwa ezingafiyo” (仙人茶, Xiānrén Chá).
• Inani lobunikazi bophawu “Zhaoping Cha” ngokulinganiswa kuka‑2025 leqe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi‑42, futhi isifunda sangena “ku‑Top‑100 yezifunda zetiye eChina” ngokwenguqulo ye‑Hurun Report.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo Zetiye Eliluhlaza laseZhaoping:

• Zhaoping Yín Shān Chá (昭平银杉茶, Zhāopíng Yínshān Chá): “Ifir yesiliva yaseZhaoping” — amahlumela aqondile, acishe abe izicaba anenweba emhlophe efihlwe ngaphansi kwendawo eyitshani. Inyezi liluhlaza ngobumnene futhi liqhakazile, iphunga lihlanzekile, liphakeme, elinenothi likaphizi omncane. Linophawu lwayo lwendawo oluvela eMnyangweni Wezolimo (农业部地理标志产品).
• Xiangqi Yúnwù (象棋云雾, Xiàngqí Yúnwù): “Intuthu yamafu yentaba iXiangqi” — “imisonge” egoqiwe kanzima, emincane enombala otshani oyijeyidi no‑sheen onamafutha. Ibonakala ngephunga lokuqhakaza loju nezimbali eliyinqayizivele (蜜糖花香馥郁, mìtáng huāxiāng fùyù). Laziwa nge‑“Tiye Eliyisipesheli Nelidumile laseGuangxi” (广西特种名茶). Izinto zokusetshenziswa zivunwa ekuphakameni okucishe kube ngu‑700 m, endaweni yezihlahla ezindala.
• Zhaoping Máojiān (昭平毛尖, Zhāopíng Máojiān): “Izilimi zomdlwane” ezincane, inyezi elikhanyayo eliphuzi noluhlaza, iphunga lamabele elinomsindo wezimbali. Umklomelo wegolide womncintiswano “Zhongcha Bei” (中茶杯).
• Guìjiāng Lǜchá (桂江绿茶, Guìjiāng Lǜchá): “Itiye eliluhlaza lomfula uGuijiang” — isimo esisongekile, iphunga lamabele elicacile, elifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Limelana nokuphinda uphiswe izikhathi eziningi.

Ngokwesikhathi sokuvuna, kuhlukaniswa kanje:

• Itheye lasentwasahlobo olusha (早春茶, zǎochūnchá): Ukuvuna kusukela maphakathi noFebruwari, imihlume emincane, ubusha obukhulu — izinto zokusetshenziswa zamazinga aphezulu.
• Itheye lasehlobo‑ekwindla (夏秋茶, xiàqiūchá): May–October, umhlume onamaqabunga amabili, oliqinile futhi ohlala isikhathi eside — isisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu.

Ekuphetheni:

I‑Zhaoping Lü Cha iyisibonelo esiyingqayizivele setiye eliluhlaza laseGuangxi, elikwazi ukuncintisana namagama adumile aseZhejiang naseAnhui. “Okuhlaza okuthathu nobuhle obune” akusona nje isiqubulo sokumaketha, kodwa incazelo eyiqiniso yetiye elizalelwe emithambekeni enenkungu yezintaba zaseningizimu yeChina, lapho ilanga lase‑subtropicali nezimvula eziningi kuhlinzeka iqabunga ngokulingana ngama‑amino acid nama‑polyphenol. Inkomishi ye‑Zhaoping Yin Shan, ebiliswe ekuseni kakhulu, inikeza umuzwa wosuku lokuqala lwasentwasahlobo — ubusha, ubumsulwa nobumnandi obuthambile, obungenasidingo, obuphindelela kaninginingi. Leli tiye lizothakaselwa ikakhulukazi yilabo abafuna kungekona nje itiye eliluhlaza, kodwa ukugwinya kwentwasahlobo yase‑subtropicali, efike inyanga ngaphambi kwekhalenda.