Zhāopíng Hóngchá

I-Zhāopíng Hóngchá iyitiye elibomvu le-gongfu elivela esifundeni sase-Zhāopíng esifundazweni esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang, elenziwe nge-cultivar yeluhlaza i-Fúyún Liùhào (福云六号, Fúyún Liùhào) ngobuchwepheshe bokuphuza itiye elibomvu. Leli khofi libe uphawu lwesifunda, okokuqala laphula umbuso wekhulu leminyaka wetiye eliluhlaza e-Zhāopíng futhi lathola ukuvikelwa komhlaba ngokwe-jografi ngaphansi kwegama eliqokiwe elithi «Zhāopíng Chá» (昭平茶) ngonyaka wezi-2013.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseShayina (红茶, hóngchá), eligcwele oksijini.
• Umkhakha: Igongfu hóngchá (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá) — itiye elibomvu lobuciko elinomjikelezo wokukhiqiza oyinkimbinkimbi. Itiye lesifunda sase-Guangxi.
• Imvelaphi: China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), idolobha eliwuhulumeni i-Hèzhōu (贺州市, Hèzhōu Shì), isifunda sase-Zhāopíng (昭平县, Zhāopíng Xiàn). Izindawo eziphambili zokukhiqiza: amadolobhana ase-Zhāopíng, i-Zǒumǎ (走马镇), i-Nánlǐng (南岭镇), kanye nezivande zetiye zeNtaba i-Xiàngqíshān (象棋山). Inkampani ebalulekile eyasungula lolu hlobo yileyo «Xiàngqíshān Cháyè Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī» (象棋山茶叶有限公司).
• Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: cishe 24°10′ N, 110°48′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Zhāopíng ingelinye lamadolobhana amadala kakhulu okukhiqiza itiye eningizimu yeChina: izinkomba ezibhalwe phansi zamatiye ale ndawo zivela kakade emibhalweni yezikhathi ze-Ming ne-Qing; ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, itiye lesifunda lichazwe ku-«Zhāopíng Xiàn Zhì» (《昭平县志》). Kuze kube ngu-2009, lesi sifunda sasaziwa kuphela ngamatiye aluhlaza; ngowe-1988, uhlobo oluthi «Lǜ Chá Èr Hào» (绿茶2号) lwathola umklomelo wegolide we-«Lùyǔ Bēi» (陆羽杯) futhi lwafakwa ku-«Zhōngguó Chá Jīng» (《中国茶经》). Itiye elibomvu elithi «Zhāopíng Hóng» laqala ukwenziwa ngempumelelo yinkampani i-«Xiàngqíshān» ngoJulayi 2009 ngokusebenzisa impahla eluhlaza ye-cultivar i-Fúyún Liùhào. Ngowe-2010, umkhiqizo omusha wathola umklomelo wegolide embukisweni womhlaba wetiye waseShanghai, futhi uchwepheshe u-Chen Zongmao (陈宗懋, Chén Zōngmào) wawuncoma kakhulu. Ngowe-2013, i-«Zhāopíng Chá» (kuhlanganise netiye elibomvu neliluhlaza) yathola isimo somkhiqizo ovikelwe ngokwe-jografi (地理标志产品保护) ovela ku-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ye-PRC. Ngowe-2017, ubukhulu bezivande zetiye besifunda bafinyelela ku-21.5 wezinkulungwane ze-mu (cishe amahektha ayi-14 300), kanti umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke we-tiye elomile wawungamathani ayi-11 600.
• Igama: «Zhāopíng» (昭平) yigama lendawo, ngokomqondo lisho «ukukhanya nokulingana»; igama lesifunda liqala ngezikhathi ze-Song (khulu-12): ngo-1124 (nyaka we-6 we-Xuānhé), umbusi u-Huīzōng (徽宗, Huīzōng) washintsha igama lesifunda i-Lóngpíng (龙平) waba yi-Zhāopíng, eshintsha uhlamvu oluthi «zhāo» (招, «biza, butha») wafaka oluthi «zhāo» (昭, «okukhanyayo, okubangela ukukhanya»), ethola olokuqala lungamukeleki. «Hóng chá» (红茶) — itiye elibomvu. «Gōngfū» (工夫) ngokwesimo setiye lisho «umsebenzi wobuciko, onzima», okubonisa ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi obunezigaba eziningi bokucubungula, obudinga ikhono elikhethekile esigabeni ngasinye — kusukela ekulawuleni ukuvutshelwa kuya ekuhlazweni kokugcina.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ukwakhiwa kwe-Zhāopíng Hóng ngo-2009 kwaba yisenzakalo esiguqulayo embonini yetiye yesifunda, kwaphula umbuso wamakhulu eminyaka wetiye eliluhlaza. I-Zhāopíng ineziqu ezithi «Zhōngguó Míngchá Zhī Xiāng» (中国名茶之乡, «Ikhaya lamatiye adumile aseChina»), «Zhōngguó Yǒujī Chá Zhī Xiāng» (中国有机茶之乡, «Ikhaya letiye eli-organic laseChina»), futhi iphakathi «kwezifunda eziphambili zikazwelonke ezikhiqiza itiye». Lesi sifunda saziwa futhi ngokuthi «Zhōngguó Chángshòu Zhī Xiāng» (中国长寿之乡, «Izwe labantu abaphilayo»), okuxhunywa kwezentengiselwano nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwezivande zetiye zakule ndawo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko ye-Zhāopíng Hóng yi-Fúyún Liùhào (福云六号, Fúyún Liùhào), ebizwa futhi nge-«Fúyún No. 6», engaphansi kwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Lena yi-cultivar enamacembe amancane naphakathi nendawo, eyaqalwa esifundazweni i-Fujian futhi evumelana kahle nesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Guangxi. Kuyasetshenziswa nezinye izinhlobo zasekhaya (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng) kanye nezinye i-cultivar ezisemthethweni ezinamabala amancane naphakathi nendawo — i-Wūniú Zǎo (乌牛早, Wūniú Zǎo), i-Huángjīn Chá (黄金茶, Huángjīn Chá), i-Yuánxiāo Lǜ (元宵绿, Yuánxiāo Lǜ).
• Ukuvuna: I-Zhāopíng idume ngokuqala kwayo isizini yokuvuna — ukuvuna kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari, okuyimbangela yokuthi amatiye ale ndawo abizwe ngokuthi «itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo e-China elivela e-China» (中国大陆早春第一茶). Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (Mashi — Ephreli) kunikeza izinto ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme kakhulu; ukuvuna kwasehlobo nakho kuyenziwa, kodwa akufiki ngezici zokunambitheka.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ibhantshi eli-1 + iqabunga eli-1 noma ibhantshi eli-1 + amaqabunga ama-2 (一芽一叶, 一芽二叶). Ezingeni eliphezulu, isilinganiso esinemithombo eminingi siyathandwa.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: iqabunga eliphelele, elisha ngaphandle kokulimala kwemishini kanye namahlamvu alukhuni; ukulibala okuncane phakathi kokuvunwa nokuqala ukuma ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi we-enzyme.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Ubunjalo bendawo kanye nendawo: Isifunda sase-Zhāopíng sitholakala endaweni enezintaba: izintaba zihlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-87% womhlaba, amahlathi angaphezu kuka-87.6%. Indawo ingaphakathi kwe-Nánlǐng (南岭, «South Ridge»), izigodi ezigobeke ngokujulile, umswakama ophezulu kanye nenkungu evame ukwenzeka.
• Ukuphakama kwendawo: izivande zetiye ezinkulu zitholakala ekuphakameni okungu-400–1,000 m ngaphezu kolwandle; izingadi ze-organic zeNtaba i-Xiàngqíshān zicishe zibe ngu-700 m.
• Isimo sezulu: Ishumi-wezulu elishisayo elinomthelela womoya, elipholile futhi elinomswakama. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi konyaka ngu-19.8–19.9 °C; isikhathi esingenasithwathwa singaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-310; imvula yonyaka icishe ibe ngu-2046 mm — enye yezindawo ezinemvula kakhulu e-Guangxi. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuphakathi konyaka ~1440 h, amafu avamise ukwenzeka kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
• Inhlabathi: kugcwele inhlabathi ephuzi nephuzi-bomvu (黄壤, huáng rǎng), emuncu, i-pH 4.5–6.5, enomthamo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yamahlamvu awela phansi emahlathini amaningi.
• Imithombo yamanzi: indawo inqamulwa umfula i-Guìjiāng (桂江, Guìjiāng), ubude bemifula namanzi angaphakathi buyi-1,624 km. Amanzi ahlanzekile, ngaphandle kokungcoliswa yizimboni — lesi sifunda siphakathi «kwamadolobhana ayikhulu angcono kakhulu okuphefumula ngokujulile» (深呼吸小城) ngenxa yokuthi abukho ubukhulu bezimboni.
• Isitifiketi semvelo: ubukhulu bezivande zetiye ezinesitifiketi «sokudla okuluhlaza» (绿色食品) buyi-7.9 lezinkulungwane ze-mu; izimboni eziyi-16 zidlulile esitifiketini noma ekuguqukeleni ekukhiqizeni oku-organic. Ukungabikho kwemboni enkulu kanye namahlathi amaningi kuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bomoya nokungabikho kwemvula ene-asidi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Zhāopíng Hóng ikhiqizwa ngendlela evamile ye-gongfu hóng chá ngokuhlukaniswa phakathi kokucubungula kokuqala (初制, chūzhì) kanye nokuhlaziya (精制, jīngzhì). Isici esibalulekile se-teknoloji ukuphumelela kokuqeda izinkinga zokuvutshelwa okungalingani, umbala obuthakathaka wokuphisa, ukuswela kwephunga kanye nokubaba okukhulu, okuvamise ukwenzeka lapho kwenziwa itiye elibomvu kusuka ezinhlamvini zetiye eziluhlaza.

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): ukuvunwa ngesandla kwezinga elithi «ibhantshi eli-1 + amaqabunga ama-1–2» emisebenzini yasekuseni kakhulu.
• Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): iqabunga libekwa ngokwendlaleka elincanyana egumbini elinomoya; umthamo wamanzi wehliselwa ku- ~60 %, iqabunga libe lishibile futhi linwebeka. Isikhathi siyimahora ama-4–6 kuya ngokushisa komoya.
• Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn): ukusonta ngomshini kubulala izinhlaka zamaseli, kukhiphe ijusi yamaseli ngaphandle futhi kuqinisekise ukugcwala kwe-oksijini okulinganayo. Iqabunga lithola ukwakheka okuqine okuyi-spiral.
• Ukugcwala kwe-oksijini / ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): kwenziwa ngezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo kanye nomswakama. Ukugcwala kwe-enzyme kwama-catechins kuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-theaflavins nama-thearubigins, akha umbala obomvu kanye nephrofayili enukayo. Ku-Fúyún Liùhào, kudingeka ukulawula okukhethekile ukuze kugwemeke ukuvutshelwa okungalingani.
• Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng): ngomoya oshisayo ku-100–110 °C ukuze kumiswe ukugcwala kwe-oksijini.
• Ukuhlaziya (精制, jīngzhì): kuhlanganisa ukuhlunga (筛分, shāifēn), ukupephetha (风选, fēngxuǎn), ukukhetha ngesandla (挑拣, tiāojiǎn), ukufudumeza okokugcina (复火, fùhuǒ) kanye nokuhlanganisa (拼装, pīnzhuāng). Yizo lezi zigaba ezinjalo eziningi ezanikeza igama elithi «gōngfū» — «umsebenzi wobuciko».

6. Izici Zokunambitha:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: imisithela emincane, eqinile esontekile (卷曲成螺, juǎnqū chéng luó), amaqhozombe alingana futhi anwebeka. Umbala umnyama, unokucwebezela okunamafutha (乌润, wūrùn) kanye nezindikimba ezibonakalayo ezigxile kunokugqamile kweziphongo zegolide (金毫显露, jīnháo xiǎnlù).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: lihlanzekile, likhuphukile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside; amaphunga ezimbali nezithelo aphambili, asekelwa amanothi ojusi lwezinyosi kanye namakharameli afudumele. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu libonakala ngephunga lezimbali-nezithelo elikhanyayo (花果香, huāguǒ xiāng).
• Iphunga lokuphisa: linamandla futhi linezigaba eziningi, linoshukela-ojusi lwezinyosi olunomphumela ophambili wezimbali; njengoba liphola, amathunzi wezithelo ezomile kanye nekharameli lula evela.
• Ukunambitha: kuminyene, kuyindilinki futhi kunamanzi (醇厚甘爽, chúnhòu gānshuǎng), nobumnandi obukhulu ekuqaleni, ubuthakathaka obuthambile phakathi nendawo, nokubuya okumnandi okude (回甘, huígān). Ubumuncu buncane kakhulu, ukunambitha emva kokugwinya kuhlanzekile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside.
• Umbala wokuphisa: obomvu ogcwele, o-khanyayo futhi obala (红艳明亮, hóngyàn míngliàng), onendandatho yegolide engqeni yenkomishi (金圈, jīnquān) — uphawu lomthamo ophezulu wama-theaflavins.
• Indawo yetiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe): ibomvu-ithusi, ibala ngokulinganayo (红匀明亮, hóngyún míngliàng), amaqabunga a-nonile, athambile, anamantshisi amaningi aphelele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, ngaphezu kuka-90% wama-catechin okuqala aguqulwa abe ama-theaflavin (ama-pigment «egolide» wetiye, abhekele ukukhanya kwephisa nendandatho yegolide), ama-thearubigin (akha ukujula kombala obomvu kanye «nokuthambile» kokunambitha) kanye nama-theabrownin.
• Ama-Amino acid: i-L-theanine ikhona ngamanani abonakalayo, iqinisekisa ubulula nobumnandi bokunambitha, kanye nomphumela wokusebenzisana «wokuthula nokuvuselela» ne-caffeine.
• Ama-Alkaloid: i-caffeine (~2–4% wesisindo esomile) inika umphumela wokuvuselela; i-theobromine ne-theophylline zikhona ngamanani amancane.
• Amavithamini: umthamo omkhulu we-vitamin C (itiye elibomvu iliyigcina ngcono kunalokho okuvame ukucatshangwa, ngenxa yomphumela wokuvikela wama-polyphenol).
• Amaminerali: i-calcium, ithusi, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc kanye nezinye izakhi ezincane.
• Amafutha abalulekile kanye nezinto eziguquguqukayo: i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-benzaldehyde kanye nezinye i-terpenoids nama-aldehyde kwakha iphunga lezimbali-nezithelo eli-characteristic. Izinga lamandla: ngaphansi kwe-1244 kJ ngayinye ku-100 g yetiye elomile.

8. Izinzuzo Ezifanele:

• Umphumela wokuvuselela: i-caffeine ehlangene ne-theanine inika ukugxila okumnene nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kweziqongo ezibukhali zokuvuka.
• Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin anekhono elibonakalayo lokunciphisa amaseli aluhlaza, asekela impilo yamaseli.
• Ukusekela ukugaya: imikhiqizo yokugcwala kwe-oksijini yama-polyphenol ivuselela ngobumnene ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya futhi ikhuthaze ukugayeka okuhle, ikakhulukazi emva kwesidlo esikhulu.
• Uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: ukuphuza itiye elibomvu ngokulinganisela njalo kuhlotshaniswa nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo kanye nokulinganisa izinga le-cholesterol.
• Umphumela wokuchithwa kwamanzi: i-caffeine ehlangene nezinto ezinuka kahle ivuselela ngobumnene ukuphuma kwamanzi.
• Umphumela wokufudumeza: itiye elibomvu ngokwesiko lihlukaniswa njengeziphuzo «ezifudumele» ekudleni kwaseChina; lilungele isisu futhi liyatuswa ngenkathi yokubanda konyaka.
• Ukuphumula ngokomqondo/ngokomzwelo: iphunga elimnandi elifudumele kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kudala umphumela oqondayo wokuthula, onceda ukuhlehlisa izingcindezi.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 90–95 °C emaqoqweni avamile; 85–90 °C emazingeni acolekileyo anezindikimba eziningi.
• Inani letiye: 4–6 g ngayinye ku-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gōngfū); 2–3 g ngayinye ku-200–250 ml (indlela yase-Europe yokucwilisa).
• Igodla: i-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yobumba eyi-porcelain enomthamo ongu-100–120 ml — yilona khetho elifanelekile, olivumela ukuvula ngokuphelele iphunga; i-teapot eyi-porcelain noma yengilazi ukujabulela umbala wokuphisa ngokubonisayo. Emaqoqweni aminyene, i-teapot yobumba iyavunyelwa.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, ukhulule amanzi.
  2. Faka itiye, uvale ngesivalo imizuzwana embalwa, uphefumule iphunga leqabunga elomile elishisiwe.
  3. Ukuhlambulula (ngokuthanda): geza iqabunga imizuzwana eyi-1–2 bese uchitha — lokhu «kuvusa» itiye.
  4. Ukuphisa kokuqala: 5–8 imizuzwana.
  5. Ukuphisa okulandelayo: yengeza isikhathi ngo-3–5 imizuzwana ngokuphisa ngakunye.
  6. Inani lokuphisa: 6–8 emaqoqweni asezingeni, kuze kube yi-10 emazingeni aphezulu anezindikimba ezinamandla.

10. Ukugcina:

Gcina esitsheni esivalekayo, esingangeni ukukhanya (ibhokisi likathayela, isikhwama se-foil esine-vacuum) kude nemithombo yomswakama, iphunga langaphandle kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Izinga lokushisa elifanele: 10–25 °C. Isikhathi sekhwalithi enhle kakhulu: izinyanga eziyi-12–24 kusukela ekukhiqizeni. Amanye amaqoqo aminyene anomthamo omkhulu wezindikimba athuthuka kahle uma egcinwe ngokucophelela iminyaka eyi-2–3 — amanothi ojusi lwezinyosi nezithelo aya ngokujula, ubumuncu buthambile ngokwengeziwe.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi:

Umkhakha wentengo: ophakathi nendawo. I-Zhāopíng Hóng ifinyeleleka kakhulu kunamatiye abomvu adumile afana ne-Jīn Jùn Méi noma i-Qímén; amaqoqo ayisisekelo aqala kusuka kumashumi ambalwa e-yuan ngayinye ku-100 g, amaqoqo aphezulu e-organic aqala kusuka ku-200–400 yuan. Izinto ezithinta izindleko: isizini yokuvuna (eyasentwasahlobo ibiza kakhulu), isabelo sezindikimba, isitifiketi se-organic kanye nokuba nesimo somklomelo.

• Ungayigwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
  1. Hlola imvelaphi: i-Zhāopíng Hóng yangempela ikhiqizwa kuphela e-Zhāopíng County; funa uphawu lwe-jografi (地理标志) emaphaketheni.
  2. Hlola iphunga: iphunga lezimbali-ojusi lwezinyosi elihlanzekile ngaphandle kokuphuma kwamakhemikhali, ukubola, noma amanothi e-mold.
  3. Hlola ukuphisa: kumele kucace, kube obomvu obukhanyayo ngezindandatho zegolide; ubumfiliba bubonisa ukuphazamiseka ekutsheni noma ekugcinweni.
  4. Buka ukunambitheka: ubumnandi bemvelo nokunambitha emva kokugwinya okuhlanzekile; ukunambitheka okumuncu noma okunciphile kuyisignali yokuhlola.
  5. Qaphela intengo ephansi: uma i-Zhāopíng Hóng «enomklomelo» ithengiswa ngentengo ephansi kakhulu kune-market — kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi kusetshenziswe izinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela kwezinye izifunda. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zetiye zase-Fujian zithenga izinto ezingavuthiwe e-Zhāopíng ukuze zikhiqize i-Jīn Jùn Méi ne-Zhèng Shān Xiǎo Zhǒng, okudala isizinda sokudideka.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Zhāopíng Hóng yaba itiye lokuqala elibomvu lesifunda — kuze kube ngu-2009, le ndawo yayikhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza kuphela. Ukuqhamuka kwe-teknoloji kwaba ukuvumelanisa ukuvutshelwa kwetiye elibomvu ku-cultivar yeluhlaza i-Fúyún Liùhào, okwakudinga iminyaka eminingi yokuhlola.
• Isifunda i-Zhāopíng sinesimo se-«Zwe Labantu Abaphilayo LaseChina» (中国长寿之乡): isabelo sabantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu siphindwe kabili kunomgangatho we-UN we-«zindawo zokuphila isikhathi eside». Isiko letiye lasekhaya lihlotshaniswa ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nalesi sithombe sokuhlanzeka kwemvelo.
• Ubukhulu bezivande zetiye ezi-organic ezinesitifiketi e-Zhāopíng budlula izinkulungwane ezi-3.5 ze-mu (~2,330 wamahektha), kanti ubukhulu bezivande eziphethwe ngamazinga e-organic bufinyelela ku-3.6 lezinkulungwane ze-mu; lesi sifunda singesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zetiye eli-organic e-Guangxi.
• I-Zhāopíng ibizwa ngokuthi «ikhaya letiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo e-China elivela e-China»: ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, ukuvuna kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari — inyanga ngaphambi kwe-Zhèjiāng.
• Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu, lesi sifunda siphinde sibe ngumkhiqizi obalulekile we-Liù Bǎo Chá (六堡茶) kanye nomthengisi wezinto ezingavuthiwe zetiye le-jasmine, okwenza kube ngesinye sezifunda ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kwezamatiye e-Guangxi.
• Isisho sendabuko esithi «Zhāopíng bù píng» (昭平不平, «I-Zhāopíng ayilingana neze») sidlala ngomqondo wohlamvu oluthi «píng» (平, «ukulingana») egameni lesifunda, sikhombisa i-landscape yangempela: izintaba zihlanganisa cishe u-90% womhlaba, izindawo eziyizingqimba azikho neze.
• I-Zhāopíng ingenye yezindawo ezinemvula kakhulu e-Guangxi: imvula yonyaka idlula ama-2000 mm, futhi lesi sifunda siphakathi nendawo yokuduma kwezulu nemvula enkulu yesifunda, okwakha izimo ezifanele zokwakheka kwenkungu amafu, okudingekayo ekukhuleni kweqabunga letiye elithambile.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu:

• Yīng Hóng (英红, Yīng Hóng) — itiye elibomvu elivela esifundeni i-Yīngdé, esifundazweni i-Guangdong. Likhiqizwa nge-cultivar enamaqabunga amakhulu (i-Yīnghóng Jiǔhào), lihluke ngomzimba ominyene, amanothi e-malt aqhubekayo nokunambitheka kwe-«chocolate» emva kokugwinya. I-Zhāopíng Hóng, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilula futhi inhle kakhulu, inephrofayili yezimbali-nezithelo.
• Qímén Hóngchá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá) — itiye elibomvu elidume kakhulu livela e-Ānhuī, elinye «lamatiye amakhulu ayishumi aseChina». I-Qímén idume nge-«qímén xiāng» — iphunga lezithako-orchid. I-Zhāopíng Hóng ilula ngokwephunga, kodwa ikubuyisa ngobumnandi obugqamile, ubuthakathaka kanye nokuhlala okuhle uma iphiswa kaningi.
• Diān Hóng (滇红, Diān Hóng) — itiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan elivela ezinhlamvini ezinkulu ze-Assam. I-Diān Hóng inomzimba onamandla, iphunga lezinyosi-pepper kanye nomthamo omkhulu wezindikimba zegolide. I-Zhāopíng Hóng iyacoleka kakhulu futhi ilula, umzimba wayo useduze nophakathi nendawo.
• Guìhóng (桂红, Guìhóng) — igama elijwayelekile lamatiye abomvu ase-Guangxi. I-Zhāopíng Hóng empeleni ingumholi wale qembu, obeke izinga elisha lekhwalithi ematiyeleni abomvu esifunda futhi wanconywa kakhulu ngu-Chén Zōngmào.
• Jīn Jùn Méi (金骏眉, Jīn Jùn Méi) — itiye elibomvu elisezingeni eliphezulu livela e-Wǔyíshān, e-Fujian, lenziwe ngezindikimba kuphela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zase-Fujian zithenga izinto ezingavuthiwe e-Zhāopíng zokukhiqiza i-Jīn Jùn Méi, okuqinisekisa ngokungaqondile ikhwalithi ephezulu yamacembe ale ndawo. Kodwa i-Zhāopíng Hóng yangempela inesimo sayo siqu — isontelo eliqine eliyi-spiral kanye nephrofayili yephunga yesifunda ebonakalayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Zhāopíng Hóng Chá iyisibonelo esikhulumayo sokuthi indlela entsha yokusungula ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ingadala kanjani umkhiqizo omusha ngokuphelele esifundeni esinomlando wamakhulu eminyaka wetiye. Yenziwe nge-cultivar yeluhlaza ngobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu, leli tiye limangalisa ngokuhlanzeka nokukhanya kwephunga lezimbali-ojusi lwezinyosi, ubumnandi obumnene bokunambitha kanye nokuphisa okuhle okubomvu njengamatshe ane-golden ring. I-Zhāopíng Hóng ilungele kakhulu labo abafuna itiye elibomvu elithambile, elinephunga elimnandi ngaphandle kobumuncu obukhulu — isiphuzo sokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke, kodwa esihlukile esivela kwenye yezindawo ezihlanzekile kakhulu emvelweni eningizimu yeChina.