Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá

I-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá yitiye elimhlophe eliyivelakancane, elenziwe ngamahlumela asendle (野生, yěshēng) ezitshalo ezinkulu zamacembe aseYunnan anombala wemvelo onsomi. Leli tiye liphambana kokubili okukhethekile: imvelaphi yasendle (izinto ezivunwa ezihlahleni zetiye ezingatshaliwe, ezikhule ngezimbewu, ezineminyaka ephakathi kwamashumi namakhulu, ezimila emahlathini asezintabeni zaseYunnan) kanye nokuguquka okunsomi (ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwama-anthocyanin ngenxa yemisebe ye-ultraviolet ephezulu ezindaweni eziphakeme kunika amahlumela amancane umbala onsomi ngokumhlophe). Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe betiye elimhlophe — ukubuna nokomiswa ngaphandle kokulungiswa noma ukusontwa — kugcina kahle kakhulu ama-anthocyanin kanye nephrofayili yemvelo yamakhemikhali ekhasini lasendle.

Kubalulekile ukwehlukanisa ihlumela lasendle elinsomi (野生紫芽, yěshēng zǐyá) ne-cultivar i-Zǐjuān (紫娟, Zǐjuān) — uhlobo lwekloni olukhethiwe olwasungulwa ngo-1985 yi-Yunnan Tea Institute. Ukuguquka kwemvelo okunsomi endle kuyinto ezenzakalelayo, engenazakhi zofuzo ezinzile: ehlathini elilodwa izihlahla ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhiqiza amahlumela ansomi, futhi akusikho noma yisiphi isizini. I-Zǐjuān, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyi-cultivar ezinzile enombala onsomi njalo, esakazwa ngokwezitshalo. Ukunambitheka nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili kuhluke kakhulu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elimhlophe (白茶, báichá) — elincibilikisiwe kancane. Ubuchwepheshe: ukubuna + ukoma, ngaphandle kwe-“shaqing” noma ukusontwa.

• Isigaba: Amachalaha amhlophe ayivelakancane, akhethekile aseYunnan. Akuwona umgomo ojwayelekile waseFujian (Yínzhēn — Mǔ Dān — Gōng Méi — Shòu Méi). Ngokwezinga le-Yunnan Tea Circulation Association T/YNTCA 007-2021 “Yúnnán Dàyè Báichá” (云南大叶种白茶), lingaphansi kwesigaba samachalaha amhlophe aseYunnan asezinhlobonhlobo zamacembe amakhulu.

• Imvelaphi: China, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南省). Izifunda zamahlathi asezintabeni eziphakeme e-Xīshuāngbǎnnà (西双版纳), Líncāng (临沧), Pǔ’ěr (普洱). Izindawo eziqondile: Nánuò Shān (南糯山, Nánuò Shān), Jǐnggǔ (景谷, Jǐnggǔ), Bāngwǎi (邦崴, Bāngwǎi), Qiānjiāzhài (千家寨, Qiānjiāzhài) nezinye izindawo ezinamahlathi etiye asendle asalondoloziwe.

• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 21°–24° N, 99°–102° E (izifunda zetiye eziyinhloko zaseYunnan). Ukuphakama: 1500–2200 m.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Amahlumela ansomi ezihlahla zetiye zaseYunnan aziwa kusukela endulo. U-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “Classic of Tea” (《茶经》, ngekhulu lesi-8) waphawula: “Insomi [itiye] — ingcono” (紫者上). Amaqembu ezizwe zendabuko — ama-Bùlǎng (布朗族, Bùlǎng Zú), ama-Dǎi (傣族, Dǎi Zú), ama-Hāní (哈尼族, Hāní Zú) — kusukela endulo ayeqoqa amahlumela ansomi ezihlahleni zasendle, ewasebenzisa njengomuthi kanye nesiphuzo semikhosi.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elimhlophe ngezinto ezisendle ezinsomi kuyinto eyenzeka emashumini amabili edlule. Ngokwesiko, amahlumela ansomi ayephekwa njenge-shēng pǔ’ěr (shàiqīng máochá, 晒青毛茶): ukulungiswa epanini → ukusontwa → ukoma elangeni. Ukushintshela kubuchwepheshe betiye elimhlophe kwenzeka ngeminyaka ye-2010, lapho abakhiqizi bebona ukuthi ukusebenza okuncane (ngaphandle kokulungiswa nokusontwa) kugcina kangcono izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinto ezinsomi: ama-anthocyanin (izingulube ezithanda ukushisa, ezincibilikayo lapho kulungiswa ngokushisa okuphezulu) kanye ne-L-theanine (i-amino acid encipha kancane lapho kuthosiwe). Ucwaningo lwe-Yunnan Tea Institute (Zhāng Yànméi et al., 2018) lwaqinisekisa ukuthi etiyeni elimhlophe elivela e-Zǐjuān, izinga le-theanine liphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokupheka ezisebenzisa lezo zinto.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isasasa lezinto “ezisendle” (野生) lakhula: abaqoqi nabathandi baqala ukuhlukanisa itiye elivela emasimini ekloni nelivela ezihlahleni ezingatshaliwe, ezikhula ngezimbewu emahlathini emvelo. Inhlanganisela ethi “yasendle + ensomi + emhlophe” yakha enye yezindawo ezivelakancane nezibiza kakhulu emakethe yetiye.

• Igama: 云南 (Yúnnán) — isifundazwe; 野生 (Yěshēng) — “yasendle”; 紫芽 (Zǐyá) — “ihlumela/ikhanda elinsomi”; 白茶 (Báichá) — “itiye elimhlophe”.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Leli tiye liwuphawu lokuhlangana kwemvelo endala yasendle yaseYunnan nobuciko besimanje betiye. Linconywa ngenxa yobunye obuthathu: imvelaphi yasendle (古树/野生), ukuguquka kwemvelo (紫芽) nobuchwepheshe obuhle (白茶). Kubaningi abathandi — enye yezindlela “ezihlanzekile” zokuvezwa kwendalo yaseYunnan.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. assamica — i-Yunnan enamaqabunga amakhulu. Kwezinye izimo — Camellia sinensis var. dehungensis noma izinhlobo zasendle ezingahlukaniswanga ngokwezinhlobo ezithile.

• Uhlobo lwesitshalo: Izihlahla zetiye zasendle (乔木, qiáomù) — ezingatshaliwe, ezivela kwimbewu. Ubude — kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-15+ m, ubudala — kusuka eminyakeni engama-50 kuye kumakhulu ambalwa. Uhlelo oluqinile lwempande luyavumela ukufinyelela emithonjeni yamaminerali ejulile enhlabathini.

• Ukuguquka okunsomi: Amahlumela amancane (amacembe amathathu noma amabili aphezulu nekhanda) athola umbala onsomi ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwama-anthocyanin — izingulube ezivikela isitshalo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet eqinile ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kuka-1500 m. Ukuguquka kwezenzakalelayo futhi akuzinzile: esihlahleni esisodwa, amahlumela ansomi angavela kuphela ezikhathini ezithile zonyaka noma emagatsheni athile. Amacembe amadala — aluhlaza.

• Umehluko ku-Zǐjuān (紫娟): I-Zǐjuān iyi-cultivar yekloni ekhethiwe (1985, i-Yunnan Tea Institute, Nánuò Shān → Měnghǎi), enamacembe aphakathi nendawo, insomi ezinzile (amahlumela, amacembe, iziqu). Ihlumela lasendle elinsomi — linecebo elikhulu, lisuka ezihlahleni zeminyaka ehlukahlukene yembewu, umbala onsomi awuzinzile futhi ukhawulelwe emahlumela amancane. Itiye elivela ku-Zǐjuān — libaba kakhulu, linomhluzi onsomi; elimhlophe elinsomi lasendle — limnandi kakhulu, linomhluzi ophuzi ngokubomvana.

• Ukuvuna: Ngesandla, ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Ephreli). Kuqoqwa amahlumela angakavuli (芽苞, yá bāo) namacembe amancane amabili noma amathathu anemibala egqamile ensomi. Ukungafinyeleleki kwezihlahla zasendle (amahlathi asezintabeni, ukuphakama okungu-1500–2200 m) nokuhlakazeka kwamahlumela ansomi (amancane esihlahleni) kuholela ekuvunweni okuphansi kakhulu.

4. Indawo Yezwe Nezici Zokutshalwa:

• Isifunda: Izifunda zamahlathi asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseningizimu nasentshonalanga yeYunnan — i-Xīshuāngbǎnnà, i-Líncāng, i-Pǔ’ěr. Izihlahla zimila ngaphansi kwethunzi lehlathi elishisayo noma elingaphansi kwetropical, endaweni ephilayo enezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo.

• Ukuphakama okumila kukho: 1500–2200 m. Uma uphakeme — umisebe ye-UV inamandla futhi umbala onsomi ugqama ngokwengeziwe.

• Isimo sezulu: Simunyu, sishisayo, esinemicibisholo eminingi, esinezici eziphakeme ezibheke phezulu. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka liphakathi kuka-15–20 °C. Imvula: 1200–1800 mm/ngonyaka. Umswakama ohlobene >80 %. Inkungu — izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kobusuku nemini (>10 °C) ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kuka-1500 m.

• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi ojulile wehlathi (inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi yasezintabeni), ocebile ngama-organic (amahlamvu awile), onokumuncwa okusawolintshi (pH 4.5–5.5).

• Imvelo: Izimo “zasendle” ngokuphelele: ngaphandle komquba, izibulala-zinambuzane, nokunisela. Izihlahla zikhona endaweni yemvelo yehlathi. Isifunda sase-Xīshuāngbǎnnà — ngesinye sezindawo ezingama-25 “ezishisayo” zomhlaba wonke zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Amahlathi endalo ase-Jǐngmài Shān (景迈山) — yi-UNESCO World Heritage Site (2023).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe — obuyindabuko betiye elimhlophe, obugxile ekugcinweni kwama-anthocyanin nama-amino acid:

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla ngokucophelela kwamahlumela amancane ansomi.

• Ukubuna (萎凋, wěi diāo): Isikhathi eside — amahora angama-48–72. Amahlumela andlalwa ngokwentambo emincane ezisefeni zikabamboo. Kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukubuna emthunzini (室内) noma okuhlanganisiwe. Umkhuba waseYunnan uvame ukufaka into yokoma elangeni (晒青, shài qīng), okunikeza itiye ukunambitheka “kwelanga”. Kulesi sigaba, ukulahleka komswakama (~30 %), ukubiliswa okuncane kanye nokwakheka kwephunga kuyenzeka.

• Ukomiswa (干燥, gān zào): Ngobumnene — elangeni noma ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi (~40–50 °C). Umswakama osele — 5–6 %. Ukungabikho kokulungiswa okunamandla kokushisa (shaqing) — umehluko oyinhloko ku-shēng pǔ’ěr kusuka ekuqaleni okufanayo — kuvumela ukugcinwa kwama-anthocyanin athanda ukushisa kanye nenani eliphezulu le-L-theanine.

• Ukuhlukanisa: Ukukhethwa ngesandla; ukususwa kwamahlumela alimele.

6. Izimpawu Zokuphunga Nokunambitha:

• Ukubukeka kwekasi elomile: Amahlumela amakhulu, angasontekile noma asonteke kancane. Amahlumela ambozwe kakhulu ngoboya besiliva, lapho umbala onsomi ubonakala khona. Amacembe — anemithambo ensomi noma umbala ogqamile onsomi. Ngokubukeka — elinye lamachalaha angajwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni.

• Iphunga lekasi elomile: Lithambile, linoshukela, linesithelo nembali, linezimpawu ze-melon, cucumber, ngezinye izikhathi — namanothi amancane amajikijolo (amabhilikosi, amajikijolo) noma ama-vanilla.

• Ukunambitheka: Kumnene kakhulu, bushelelezi, obusilika, ngaphandle kokubaba nokomiswa. Ubumnandi bemvelo bugqamile — obunjenge-melon, obunamathoni ezithelo ezivuthiwe ezinamatshe (amabhilikosi, iplamu). Ubumninzi obuncane. Kumnandi futhi kupholile, kunesiqeda-phozo esipholile — “ubumnandi beqhwa” (冰糖甜, bīngtáng tián), okuyimpawu yamagushu angcono aseYunnan.

• Umbala womhluzi: Kusuka kokhanyayo okucacile okunethoni elincane eliphuzi kuye osagolide, ngezinye izikhathi — okunombala omncane obomvana (ngama-anthocyanin ancibilikile). I-pH yomhluzi ithinta umbala: endaweni ene-acid encane — ubomvana, endaweni ephakathi — usagolide.

• Isizinda setiye: Amahlumela amakhulu, avulekile anombala onsomi. Athambile, anenyama. Ubungako besiqephu sekasi — bukhulu kakhulu kunamachalaha amhlophe aseFujian.

7. Ukuhlelwa Kwamakhemikhali:

Ubungqayizivele baleli tiye — inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ezinto zasendle zaseYunnan ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, ukuguquka okunsomi, nokusebenza okuncane:

• Ama-anthocyanin: 1.5–2.0 % wesisindo esomile — okuphindwe ka-5–10 ngaphezulu kunamachalaha avamile aluhlaza (~0.01–0.3 %). Asekhaya: i-cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, i-delphinidin-3-O-glucoside. Ama-antioxidant anamandla anomphumela onobufakazi wokuvikela inhliziyo nobuchopho.
• Ama-polyphenol: ~25–30 % (i-Yunnan enamaqabunga amakhulu — ngenye yezitshalo ezinama-polyphenol aphezulu emhlabeni). Ama-catechin: EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC.
• Ama-amino acid: Izinga eliphakeme (~3–5 %). I-L-theanine — iyabusa. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi itiye elimhlophe elivela ezintweni ezinsomi ligcina i-theanine eningi ukudlula itiye eliluhlaza noma elimnyama elivela esisetshenzisweni esifanayo (时鸿迪 et al.).
• I-khofeyina: ~3–4 %. Izinga eliphakathi.
• Ama-flavonoid: Ama-tannin acibilikayo, kuhlanganise ne-GHG (galloylated hexoside glycoside) eqondile — ingxenye etholakala emachalahani ansomi aseYunnan futhi anomsebenzi ongaba khona wokulwa nesimila.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-iron, i-selenium. Uhlelo olujulile lwempande lwezihlahla zasendle luvumela ukufinyelela kumaminerali asezingeni elijulile lomhlabathi.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa okuqinisiwe kwama-antioxidant: Ama-anthocyanin + ama-polyphenol + ama-flavonoid = inhlanganisela yama-antioxidant kathathu. Ngomsebenzi wama-antioxidant, amachalaha ansomi adlula amachalaha avamile aluhlaza.
• Ukuvikelwa kwenhliziyo: Ama-anthocyanin aqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi, athuthukise ukunwebeka, asize ukujwayela umfutho wegazi. Ucwaningo lwe-Yunnan Institute of Pharmacology (1991) lwabonisa ukwehla komfutho wegazi ngo-35.5 % ezilwaneni zokuhlola lapho zisebenzisa itiye elinsomi.
• Ukuvikelwa kobuchopho: Ama-anthocyanin awela isithiyo segazi nobuchopho, avikele amangqamuzana ezinzwa.
• Ukuqinisa okuncane: I-L-theanine + i-caffeine = ukuqabutheka okuzolile, okugxilile.
• Umthelela wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Ama-catechin + ama-anthocyanin anomphumela ohlangene wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
• Okubalulekile: Umkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi. Uma unenkinga ye-caffeine — qaphela kusihlwa. 3–5 g/ngosuku.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwezidubuli:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90 °C. Eliphansi (80–85 °C) — lizogcizelela ubumnandi; eliphezulu (kuze kube ngu-90 °C) — lizokwembula iphunga ngokugcwele. Amanzi abilayo akakhuthazwa.

• Ubungako: 3–5 g ku-150–200 ml.

• Izitsha: I-gaiwan yobumba (ubumba obumhlophe buvumela ukubona umbala womhluzi kanye nombala obomvana ongaba khona). Izitsha zengilazi — ukujabulela amahlumela ansomi ngokubuka. I-Yixing teapot yamukelekile — izinto ezisendle zaseYunnan ezinamaqabunga amakhulu “ziqine” kakhulu kunamahlumela aseFujian.

• Inqubo:

  1. Ukushisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo. Ukukhipha.
  2. Ukufaka itiye.
  3. Ukugeza — ukuthela okusheshayo imizuzwana emi-5. Ukukhipha.
  4. Ukutheleka kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-15–30.
  5. Okulandelayo — +10–15 imizuzwana.
  6. Itiye limela izikhathi eziyi-7–10 zokutheleka — okungaphezulu kakhulu kune-Fujian Yínzhēn, ngenxa yezinto ezisendle zaseYunnan ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, ezinezinga eliphezulu lezinto ezikhiphekayo.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isiqukathi: Esivalekayo, esingabonisi — izikhwama ze-foil, ubumba, amathini.
• Isikhathi esifushane: Indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama. Kungenziwa efrijini (0–5 °C) ukuze kube nokusha okukhulu.
• Isikhathi eside: Itiye elimhlophe elivela ezintweni ezisendle zaseYunnan ezinamaqabunga amakhulu linamandla amahle kakhulu okulondolozwa — angaphezulu kakhulu kune-Fujian Yínzhēn. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele (18–28 °C, umswakama 40–65 %, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga) ukunambitheka kuzovela kusuka “ekusha-yezithelo” kuye “ekunoshukela wezinyosi-nesundu” bese kuya “ekwelaphayo” (药香, yào xiāng) eminyakeni eyi-10–20+.
• Izitha: Umswakama, ukukhanya, amaphunga angaphandle, ukushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa.

11. Intengo Nezinkohliso:

I-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá — elinye lamachalaha amhlophe abiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Intengo ephezulu ibangelwa: ukuvela okungavamile kwezinto ezisendle ezinsomi (izihlahla ezimbalwa ehlathini ezikhiqiza amahlumela ansomi), ukungafinyeleleki (amahlathi asezintabeni, 1500–2200 m), ukuvunwa ngesandla kanye nomthamo olinganiselwe kakhulu. Izintengo zokudayisa ziqala kusuka ku-1000+ yuan nge-100 g yezinto eziyiqiniso zasendle futhi zingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-yuan nge-100 g yezihlahla ezindala ezivela ezindaweni eziphakeme.

• Ungagwema kanjani izinkohliso:
  • Thenga kubahlinzeki abathembekile abanolwazi olucacile ngendawo, ubudala bezihlahla, nobhlobo lwezinto (ezisendle vs. i-cultivar i-Zǐjuān).
  • Uhlukanisa ihlumela lasendle elinsomi ku-Zǐjuān: elisendle — linamaqabunga amakhulu, insomi ingxenye yamahlumela amancane kuphela, umhluzi — usagolide-ubomvana, ukunambitheka — kumnandi, kunamandla; i-Zǐjuān — inamaqabunga aphakathi, zonke izingxenye zinsomi (isiqu, ikasi, ihlumela), umhluzi — ugqamile nsomi, ukunambitheka — kubaba kakhulu.
  • Ukuhlola ubukhulu nobuqotho bekasi: izinto ezisendle ezinamaqabunga amakhulu — zikhulu kakhulu kunezamasimu.
  • Ukuhlola ukunambitheka: ukubaba nomhluzi “ongenalutho” omncane — izimpawu ze-Zǐjuān noma izinto ezingekho ezingeni eliphezulu. I-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá eyiqiniso — imnandi, iqinile, futhi inokutheleka okuningi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• “Insomi — ingcono.” U-Lù Yǔ ngekhulu lesi-8 wabeka itiye elinsomi endaweni yokuqala: “紫者上” (《茶经》). Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kuka-1200, isayensi yaqinisekisa umbono wakhe: ama-anthocyanin — amandla emvelo amakhulu okulwa nokucolisa.

• Ezisendle vs. i-Zǐjuān. I-cultivar i-Zǐjuān (紫娟) yatholwa ngo-1954 ngu-Zhōu Péngjǔ (周鹏举) engadini yeqembu eNánuò Shān, futhi ngo-1985 yahlukaniswa njengohlobo oluhlukile ngu-Wáng Cháojì (王朝纪) no-Wáng Píng (王平). Yathola ukuvikelwa njengohlobo olusha (品种权号 20050031) ngo-2005. Kodwa-ke, amahlumela ansomi asendle — akuyona i-Zǐjuān: ukuguquka okuzenzakalelayo ezihlahleni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, ezihlukahlukene ngokofuzo futhi ezingaphindaphindeki.

• Ama-anthocyanin ne-UV. Umbala onsomi — “umuthi wemvelo wokugqoka ilanga” wesihlahla setiye. Ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kuka-1500 m, amandla emisebe ye-UV anda ngo-10–12 % kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama okungu-1000 m; ama-anthocyanin amunca amafothoni e-UV angaphezulu, avikele ama-chloroplast.

• “Okumhlophe” kugcina “okunsomi.” Ucwaningo (时鸿迪 et al.) lubonise ukuthi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuchakata izinto ezinsomi (烘青, 晒青, ebomvu, emhlophe, emnyama) itiye elimhlophe yilo eligcina inani eliphakeme le-L-theanine, kanti itiye eliluhlaza (烘青) — inani eliphakeme lama-anthocyanin. Itiye elimhlophe elivela ezintweni ezinsomi — liyi-compromise enhle phakathi kobumnandi (theanine) namandla e-antioxidant (anthocyanins).

• Umhluzi obomvana. Ama-anthocyanin — izingulube ezincike ku-pH: endaweni ene-acid ziba bomvu, endaweni ephakathi ziba luhlaza okotshani, endaweni ene-alkali ziba luhlaza. Umhluzi wetiye elimhlophe elinsomi ungashintsha umbala kusuka ogolide uye obomvana kuye ngokuba namaminerali emanzini — umphumela omangalisayo ekuqaleni kokuqala.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amachalaha Amhlophe Nasemhlophe Ngokombala:

• Fúdǐng Bái Háo Yínzhēn (福鼎白毫银针): Indinganiso yesigaba “Izinaliti Zesiliva” — ezivela ku-Fúdǐng Dà Bái Háo egabunga elincane, amahlumela ahlanzekile. Lithambile, “elomoya”, elinamanothi ezinyosi. I-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá — inamaqabunga amakhulu, “inomzimba”, ubumnandi kanye nokujula “kwensomi”, okuyinto i-Fúdǐng Yínzhēn engenayo.

• Yuè Guāng Bái (月光白, Yunnan): Itiye elimhlophe laseYunnan elivela ku-C. sinensis var. assamica — kodwa ezintweni ezijwayelekile (ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza), ezingesona ezinsomi. Iphrofayili “evamile”: izinyosi nezithelo, ngaphandle kwengxenye yama-anthocyanin.

• Zǐjuān Bái Chá (紫娟白茶): Itiye elimhlophe elivela ku-cultivar i-Zǐjuān. Libaba kakhulu, umhluzi — ugqamile nsomi. Izinto zasemasimini, ezikloni. I-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá — imnandi, ijule, ibiza futhi iyivelakancane kakhulu.

• Zǐ Yá Shēng Pǔ’ěr (紫芽生普洱): I-shēng pǔ’ěr evela ezintweni ezifanayo ezinsomi, kodwa ngokulungiswa (shaqing) nokusontwa. Umhluzi — usagolide onomhluzi o-ruby, ukunambitheka — kunamandla, kubaba, “kunesakhiwo.” Ama-anthocyanin ancipha kancane ngesikhathi se-shaqing. Itiye elimhlophe — lithambile, limnandi, ligcinwe kangcono ama-anthocyanin.

• Diān Hóng Zǐ Yá (滇红紫芽): Itiye elibomvu elivela ezintweni ezinsomi zaseYunnan. Lincibilikisiwe ngokuphelele — ama-anthocyanin acishe abhujiswa, iphrofayili — “izinyosi ne-malt” ngaphandle kwamanothi ansomi. Umkhiqizo ohluke ngokuphelele.

Ekuphothuleni:

I-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá — itiye elisemngceleni wemikhakha emithathu: imvelo yasendle, ukungahambi kahle kofuzo, nobuncane betiye. Amahlumela alo ansomi, aqoqwe ezihlahleni ezingatshaliwe emahlathini asezintabeni zaseYunnan — lapho uhlobo lwe-Camellia lwavela khona eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule — aphethe “inkumbulo” yama-anthocyanin yelanga elisezintabeni eziphakeme kanye nokuhlukahluka kofuzo okungaziwa yiwo wonke amasimu. Ubuchwepheshe betiye elimhlophe — obumnene kunabo bonke — bugcina lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kwemvelo ngokugcwele: i-theanine emnandi, ama-anthocyanin anamandla, ubumnandi obuphindayo “obuyiqhwa.” Umphumela — isiphuzo esithambile futhi esijulile ngasikhathi sinye, esilula ekukhiqizweni futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokumangalisayo ngokusemandleni. Ukubomvana okuncane kumhluzi osagolide, iphunga le-melon namajikijolo, ubumnandi besilika ngaphandle kokubaba — konke lokhu kwenza i-Yúnnán Yěshēng Zǐyá Báichá ibe elinye lamachalaha adonsa amehlo futhi ayivelakancane emhlabeni. Itiye lalabo abafuna hhayi nje ukunambitheka, kodwa ukuhlangana nemvelo yasendle enkomishini.