I-Yunnan Jingdian 1938 Itiye Elibomvu

I-Yunnan Jingdian 1938 itiye elibomvu elidumile lase-Yunnan eliwuhlobo lwe-Diān Hóng (滇红, Diān Hóng), eligcizelela egameni layo unyaka wokuzalwa yonke imboni yetiye elibomvu yase-Yunnan. Leli tiye, eladalwa emlilweni weMpi Yezwe Yesibili njengomkhiqizo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ukusindisa umnotho kazwelonke, laba yisilinganiso esisodwa setiye elibomvu laseChina kanye nophawu lobungcweti bezazi zetiye zesiFundazweni sase-Yunnan.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — elithe lavutshelwa ngokuphelele (izinga lokufakwa kwe-oksijeni lingaba ngu-80–90%). Ngokwehlukaniswa kwaseNtshonalanga — itiye elimnyama (black tea).
Isigaba: Diān Hóng Gōngfū Chá (滇红工夫茶, Diān Hóng Gōngfū Chá) — itiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan lesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu. Lilelinye lamatiye anamuhla akhiwe ngendlela yobuciko, asuselwa kumkhuba wokwenziwa okwasungulwa ngowe-1938–1939.
Imvelaphi: I-China (中国), iPhondo lase-Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), isiFundazwe sase-Lincang (临沧市, Líncāng Shì), isiFunda sase-Fengqing (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn).
Izixhumanisi Zokuma: Cishe 24°35′ N, 100°05′ E (isiFunda sase-Fengqing).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukuzalwa kwetiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan kungenye yezahluko ezinomdlandla emlandweni wetiye waseChina. Ngo-1937, ngemuva kokuqala kokuhlasela okuphelele kwe-Japan, izindawo ezinkulu zetiye empumalanga ye-China — Qimen (Anhui), Tan Yang (Fujian), Ning Hong (Jiangxi) — zaba semandleni ababahlaseli. Ukuthunyelwa kwetiye elibomvu kwamanye amazwe, okwaletha izimali ezibalulekile ezweni, kucishe kwaphela. Ehlobo lika-1938, i-China Tea Company (中国茶叶公司, Zhōngguó Cháyè Gōngsī) yathumela uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe u-Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, Féng Shàoqiú, 1900–1987) kanye nommeleli u-Zheng Hechun (郑鹤春, Zhèng Hèchūn) e-Yunnan ukuze bayofuna izinsiza ezintsha zetiye. NgoNovemba 1938, u-Feng Shaoqiu, enqoba uhambo oluyingozi lwezinsuku eziningi esuka e-Kunming edlula e-Dali — egibele ihhashi nangezinyawo ngasemaweni aseduze nomfula i-Lancangjiang (Mekong), wafika esiFundeni sase-Shunning (顺宁, manje okuyi-Fengqing). Ebona izihlahla zetiye zendawo ezinamacembe amakhulu, anenyama, amboze ummoya omningi, waqala ukuhlola ngokushesha. Esebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe ngetiye elibomvu lase-Qimen futhi eguqula ubuchwepheshe ukuze buhambisane nezinto eziyimpahla ezinkulu zamacembe ase-Yunnan (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), u-Feng Shaoqiu okokuqala emlandweni wadala itiye elibomvu ngokusebenzisa okuhlobene okukhulu kwamacembe ase-Yunnan. Amasampula athunyelwa e-Hong Kong futhi athola izimpendulo ezijabulisayo — itiye lathathwa ngokuthi “izinga eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye abomvu ase-China.” Ekuqaleni itiye laqanjwa ngokuthi “Yún Hóng” (云红, “Okubomvu Kwase-Yunnan”), kodwa ngomhla ka-9 Ephreli 1940, i-Yunnan Tea Company yaliqamba kabusha ngokuthi “Diān Hóng” (滇红), lisebenzisa igama elidala elifushanisiwe lePhondo elithi “Diān” (滇). NgoJanuwari 1939, u-Feng Shaoqiu wasungula ifekthri yokuhlola yetiye i-Shunning (顺宁实验茶厂, Shùnníng Shìyàn Cháchǎng) futhi waqala ukukhiqiza ngezimboni. Inqwaba yokuqala — engaba ngu-500 dàn (担, cishe amathela ayi-16) — yathunyelwa ngase-Hong Kong yaya e-London futhi yathengiswa ngenani eliphakeme lomlando lika-800 wepense iphawundi, lemisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba yetiye elibomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Diān Hóng yaba ngumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: ngenkondlo ethi “toni elilodwa letiye elibomvu ngamathela ayishumi ensimbi,” izwe lalithola izinto zokulwa ezazidingwa ngempela. Ngo-1952, ifekthri yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Fengqing Tea Factory (云南省凤庆茶厂), kwathi ngo-1996 yahlelwa kabusha yaba yi-Yunnan Dianhong Group (云南滇红集团). Igama elithi “Jīngdiǎn 1938” (noma kwezinye iinguqulelo elithi “Jīngdiǎn 58,” 经典58) laqanjwa yinkampani ngo-2006 ukukhumbula okufeziweyo komlando: ngowe-1957–1958, i-Diān Hóng yaphinda izikhathi ezimbili ilandelana ukumisa inani eliphakeme esithengiswaneni sase-London, kwathi ngo-1958 inqwaba yetiye elikhethekile yathunyelwa eKomidini Elikhulu le-CPC nombiko othokozayo.
Igama:
- “Yúnnán” (云南, Yúnnán) — iphondo lemvelaphi, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho ukuthi “eningizimu yamafu.”
- “Jīngdiǎn” (经典, Jīngdiǎn) — “okuyisisekelo,” “okuyindilinga,” okukhombisa umkhuba oyisibonelo.
- “1938” — unyaka owaba isiqalo somlando wetiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan: kwakungu-1938 lapho u-Feng Shaoqiu afika e-Shunning futhi enza amasampula okuqala.
- “Hóng Chá” (红茶, Hóngchá) — “itiye elibomvu.”
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Diān Hóng Jīngdiǎn 1938 inendawo ekhethekile esikweni letiye laseChina njengetiye elazalwa emlilweni wempi futhi elaba uphawu lokuqina kwesizwe. Ngo-1959, i-Diān Hóng yesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu yaqinisekiswa njenge-tiye elisemthethweni lezokuxhumana laseChina (外交礼茶, wàijiāo lǐchá), ukukhiqizwa kwalo okwabe kugcinelwe kuphela ifekthri yase-Fengqing. Ngo-1986, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kweNdlovukazi yase-United Kingdom u-Elizabeth II e-Kunming, umphathi-dolobha wase-Yunnan wamuphe “Diān Hóng Gōngfū Chá” njengesipho sombuso. Ngo-2022, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Diān Hóng bafakwa ohlwini lwamagugu ezinkanyamba zobuntu abangabonakali be-UNESCO.

3. Isichazelo Sezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Eziyimpahla:

Uhlelo / I-Cultivar: Uhlelo lwase-Yunnan olunamacembe amakhulu — Camellia sinensis var. assamica, elaziwa ngokuthi yi-Dà Yè Zhǒng (大叶种, Dà Yè Zhǒng). Ukwenza i-Jīngdiǎn 1938, kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi uhlelo olukhulu lwase-Fengqing olunamacembe amakhulu (凤庆大叶种, Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng) — uhlelo olukhethekile lwePhondo. Izihlahla zingafinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu (kufika ku-10–15 m ezindala), zinamacembe amakhulu, anenyama, aluhlaza mnyama, ambozwe ummoya omningi.
Ukuvuna: Izinga lokuvuna — imbali eyodwa kanye namacembe amabili angaphezulu (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Ezigabeni eziphakeme, kunconywa ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo. Ngokomthethonqubo wokuqala we-“Jīngdiǎn 58” we-Dianhong Group, kusetshenziswa kuphela izimbali eziqala ukuvuleka ngeli linye iqabunga (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chūzhǎn) zohlobo olukhulu lwamacembe ase-Fengqing. Izinto eziyimpahla zivame ukuvunwa ezihlahleni ezivuthiwe, kuhlanganise nezindala (古树, gǔshù) kanye nezingaphandle ezingezona ezifuyiwe ezinobudala obukhulu.
Izidingo Zezinto Eziyimpahla: Izimbali namacembe amakhulu, anenyama, ambozwe kakhulu ummoya ogolide. Ukuba khona okuningi kwamatiphu kuwuphawu olubalulekile lwekhwalithi ye-Diān Hóng yalesi sigaba.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokukhulisa:

Isifunda: IsiFunda sase-Fengqing siseningizimu-ntshonalanga yePhondo i-Yunnan, emifuleni yomfula i-Lancangjiang (Mekong). I-Fengqing ngokwendabuko iyindawo yokuzalwa kwe-Diān Hóng futhi iyisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke esikhiqiza itiye e-Yunnan enendawo yonke yezihlahla zetiye engaba ngu-20,000 wamahektha.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izingadi zetiye zisezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1,200 kuya ku-2,200 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Amapulazi asezintabeni ezinde nezingxenye ezinkulu zezihlahla zetiye zasendle emaweni okuqala kwe-Ailaoshan zihlinzeka ngezinto eziyimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Umhlabathi: Izinhlabathi ezibomvu kanye nezinhlabathi eziluhlaza okwesikhumba ezine-acidi (pH 5.0–6.0), ezinothile ngezinto eziphilayo. Ukuba khona okuphezulu kwensimbi nosawoti bezimbiwa kunikeza iqabunga letiye ukujula nobunkimbinkimbi.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sase-subtropical monsoon, nobusika obupholile (izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo likaJanuwari lilingana no-10°C) kanye nehlobo elifudumele nelinomoya omningi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lonke liphakathi kuka-13–15°C. Imvula yonyaka — cishe ngo-1,200 mm. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ukube nokwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku (kufika ku-15°C), okunomthelela ekukhuleni okunensayo kweqabunga kanye nokunqwabelana okukhulu kwezinhlanganisela zephunga.
Izici ezikhethekile: Amapulazi amaningi ase-Fengqing asebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezingezona ezi-organic. Kunemigqa yokuvikela yezihlahla ukuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Izihlahla zetiye zendawo ziphakathi kwezindala kakhulu emhlabeni: e-Fengqing kukhona izibonelo ezineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ubudala. I-Fengqing isendaweni enomlando ye-Chamagudao (茶马古道, Chámǎ Gǔdào) — uMkhondo Wetiye Namahhashi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-“Jīngdiǎn 1938” busekelwe emkhuswini ongokomlando ka-Feng Shaoqiu, othe waqondiswa ukuhambisana nezidingo zokukhiqiza zanamuhla. Isici esihlukile — ukwakheka kweqabunga eliqondile, elinde (特形茶, tèxíng chá), okuyinto entsha ngokuqhathaniswa nokubonakala okufushane nokulinganayo kwetiye le-gongfu:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla izimbali ezithambile nezamacembe amancane, ikakhulukazi ekuseni.
Ukwakha (萎凋, wěidiāo): Amacembe avuniwe anwetshelwa ngensila elincanyana kumakhaphethi omhlanga noma ezitsheni ezikhethekile zokwenza umoya. Isikhathi siphakathi kwama-12–18 amahora ezimeni zemvelo noma amahora ama-4–6 uma kusetshenziswa ukuphephuka okuphoqiwe. Umthamo womswakama wehla ufinyelela ku-60–65%. Amacembe alahlekelwa ukwethembeka futhi aveza iphunga lezimbali eliyingqayizivele.
Ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amacembe akhiwe asontekwa ngamarola. Ku-“Jīngdiǎn 58,” kusetshenziswa indlela ekhethekile eyenza imicu eqondile, ecijile (条索紧直, tiáosuǒ jǐnzhí) eneziphetho zegolide ezibonakala kahle (金毫显露, jīn háo xiǎnlù).
Ukuvutshelwa / Ukufakwa kwe-Oksijeni (发酵, fājiào): Isigaba esibalulekile. Amacembe asontekile afakwa ezimeni ezilawulwayo zomswakama nezinga lokushisa. Izinga lokufakwa kwe-oksijeni lifinyelela ku-80% nangaphezulu. Ama-catechin aguqulwa abe ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, akhe umbala ocwebezelayo onjengorabhi kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okufana ne-solod.
Ukwakheka Nokukhuphula Iphunga (塑形提香, sùxíng tíxiāng): Isigaba esingeziwe, esijwayele umthethonqubo we-“Jīngdiǎn 58” — ukwakhiwa nokugxilisa umumo oqondile weqabunga kuyilapho kwandiswa iphunga ngesikhathi sokushisisa okulingene.
Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān): Amacembe avutshiwe omiswa ngomoya oshisayo kuze kube nomswakama ophakathi kuka-4–6%. Ukomiswa kugcina iphrofayili yokunambitha nephunga elitholiwe futhi kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlungwa ngosayizi, ubuqotho beqabunga, kanye nokuqukethwe kweziphetho.

6. Izimpawu Zezinzwa:

Isimo Seqabunga Elomile: Imicu emikhulu, eqondile, ecijile (hhayi emifushane emboboshwe, njengakwe-gongfu elijwayelekile). Umbala — onsundu omnyama, ucishe ube mnyama, unenqwaba yeziphetho zegolide neziwolintshi (amatiphu). Iqabunga lisonke, lilingana, linomqondo ogqamile “womoya ogolide.”
Iphunga Leqabunga Elomile: Kunamandla, kumnandi, kuphawuleka kakhulu ngamakha e-solod, uju, ukhokho, izithelo ezomisiwe (i-prune, i-apricot eyomile) kanye nokuhogela okuncane kwezimbali noma izinongo.
Iphunga Lokugcwalisa: Kunothile, kufudumele, kumnandi. Kuphindaphinda futhi kujulise amakha eqabunga elomile — i-solod, uju, okubhakwayo — kunezelwa okunamunyeziwe kwe-caramel nezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kugcwele, kuyambotha, kumnandi, cishe akukho bukhali obubabayo. Kunokunambitheka kwe-solod, uju, izithelo (amaberry abomvu, ipentshi) kanye nokunambitheka kukashokoledi. Ukushiya emlonyeni kuhlala isikhathi eside, kumnandi, kunokuncane okunamaminerali kanye nokunamunyezayo kwezimbali (i-rose). Itiye lilungele ukunathwa lingekho okunye (清饮, qīngyǐn) ngenxa yobumnandi balo bemvelo.
Umbala Wokugcwalisa: Ukhanyayo, ukhanyisele, umbala ocebile onjengorabhi obomvu noma onjengwe-cognac. Kuyinkomba ukuba khona “kwekhala legolide” (金圈, jīnquān) emaphethelweni enkomishi — okuwuphawu lokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-theaflavin kanye nezinga eliphezulu.
Okungaphansi Kwetiye (iQabunga Elididiyelwe): Amacembe athambile, anwebekayo anombala onsundu ngokubomvu, agcina isimo esiphelele kahle. Iqabunga livuleka ngokuphelele, libonisa imbali kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili.

7. Uhlaka Lwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol: Ukuqukethwe okuphelele kwama-polyphenol ohlotsheni olukhulu lwamacembe ase-Yunnan kufinyelela ku-30–34% wobukhulu obomile — okunye okuphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zetiye emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, ama-catechin (EGCG, ECG) aguqulwa abe ama-theaflavin (TF, ~1–2%) nama-thearubigin (TR, ~8–15%), akha umbala, umzimba kanye nomsebenzi wokulwa nokugqwala kokugcwalisa.
Ama-Amino Acid: Ukuqukethwe okuphelele — cishe u-1.5–2%, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine, ebhekelele ukwakheka kwengxenye ye-umami kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine — cishe u-3.5–4.1% wobukhulu obomile, enikeza umphumela oqinile, kodwa othambile wokuvuselela. I-Theobromine ne-theophylline — kusencane kakhulu.
Ama-Polysaccharide: Ama-polysaccharide ancibilikayo emanzini (cishe u-4–6%) anikeza ukugcwaliswa ukuminyana, uwoyela, kanye nobumnandi bemvelo obungedlulele.
Amafutha Abalulekile: Inhlanganisela ecebile yezinhlanganisela zephunga elintengantengayo — linalool, geraniol, citronellol, β-damascenone — yakha iphunga eliyisici le-solod neo-ju, elinokuncane kwezimbali nezithelo. Uhlaka lwamafutha abalulekile luhlukile ngenxa ye-terroir esezintabeni ezinde.
Amavithamini Nezimbiwa: Amavithamini eqembu B, amavithamini C no-P (ngobunye obungandile); i-potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Umphumela Wokuvuselela: I-Caffeine ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza ukwenyuka okuthambile, okuqinile kokuhlokoma nokugxila ngaphandle kokuphakama nokuwa okulandelayo okuqhelekile ekofini.
Umsebenzi Wokulwa Nokugqwala: Ama-Theaflavin nama-thearubigin angama-antioxidant anamandla, asiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni okwenziwa yi-oxidative kanye nokunciphisa izinqubo zokuguga.
Ukusekela Uhlelo Lwenhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa njalo ngokulingene kuhlotshaniswa nokwenza ngcono imisebenzi yemithambo, ukunciphisa amazinga e-“cholesterol embi” (LDL) kanye nokwehliswa okungenzeka komfutho wegazi.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukugaya: Itiye elibomvu likhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya. Ama-Polysaccharide anomthelela we-prebiotic, asekela i-microflora yamathumbu enempilo.
Umphumela Wokufudumala: Emithini yesintu yaseChina, itiye elibomvu kuthathwa njengeziphuzo “ezifudumele,” ezilungele izikhathi ezibandayo kanye nabantu “abomoya-makhaza.”
Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka: I-L-theanine inika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwamaza e-alpha ebuchosheni, iholela emiphumeleni yokuphumula ngaphandle kokuwohloka.
Ukuqinisa Amasosha Omzimba: Ama-antioxidant nama-polysaccharide anomthelela wokuqinisa jikelele ohlelweni lwamasosha omzimba.

9. Ukopha:

Izinga Lokushisa Lamanzi: 90–95°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngeke liveze iphunga ngokuphelele, kanti amanzi abilayo angenza ubukhali buqine.
Inani Letiye: 5–7 g ku-150–200 ml ngendlela yokugcwalisa ngokulandelana; 2–3 g ku-200 ml ngendlela yokomisa.
Izitsha: Ikhatshathezi lodaka lwase-Yixing (紫砂, zǐshā) — luthambisa ukunambitheka futhi lugcina ukushisa isikhathi eside; i-gaiwan yobumba (蓋碗, gàiwǎn) — igqamisa ukuhlanzeka nokukhanya kwephunga; izitsha zengilazi — zivumela ukubukela ukuvuleka kweqabunga nombala wokugcwalisa. Ukuze kuphuzwe nsuku zonke, inkomishi evamile ene-infusor iyanele.
Inqubo (ngendlela yokugcwalisa ngokulandelana, iGongfu Cha, 功夫茶):
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, uchithe amanzi.
2. Thela itiye elomile ku-gaiwan noma kukhatshathezi.
3. Ukuhlanza: thela amanzi ashisayo futhi uchithe ngokushesha — lokhu kuvula iqabunga futhi kukhipha uthuli.
4. Ukugcwalisa kokuqala: thela amanzi ango-90–95°C, yise isikhathi esingaba ngu-30–45 amasekhondi.
5. Ukugcwalisa okulandelayo: andisa isikhathi ngezikhathi ezingu-10–15 amasekhondi ekugcwaliseni ngakunye.
6. Itiye lidinga ukugcwalisa okugcwele okungu-5–7, ngalunye lwembula izinhlaka ezintsha zokunambitheka.
Inqubo (ngendlela yokomisa):
1. Fudumeza ikhatshathezi noma inkomishi.
2. Thela u-2–3 g wetiye ku-200 ml.
3. Thela amanzi ango-90–95°C.
4. Yise imizuzu engu-3–5.
5. Itiye lithambile futhi lizimele lodwa — lilungele ukunathwa lingekho okunye okufakiwe.

10. Ukugcina:

Gcina ezitsheni ezivalekile, ezingabonisi ukukhanya endaweni eyomile, epholile, kude nesibhakabhaka esikhanyayo nemithombo yamakha aqinile. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina — kufika ku-25°C, umswakama — ungabi phezu kuka-60%. Ngokugcinwa okufanele, ukunambitheka nephunga kuhlala isikhathi esiphakathi konyaka ongu-1.5–2. Itiye elibomvu alenzelwe ukugcinwa iminyaka eminingi njenge-pu’er: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhanya kwephunga kuncipha, nakuba umzimba ungase ube mnene kakhudlwana. Nokho, abanye abathandi babika ukuguqulwa okuthakazelisayo kwe-Diān Hóng engugcinyiwe (iminyaka engu-3–5): kuvela amathoni ajulile okhuni noju.

11. Intengo Nokungaphalisi Kwangempela:

Intengo: “I-Yunnan Jingdian 1938” (noma “Jingdian 58” enguqulweni ye-Dianhong Group) ingeyesigaba esiphakeme samatiye abomvu ase-Yunnan. Inani lixhomeke ezingeni lezinto eziyimpahla (ubudala bezihlahla, ukuqukethwe kweziphetho, ukuvuna ngesandla noma ngomshini), isivuno, kanye nomkhiqizi. Umlando: inqwaba yokuqala ye-Diān Hóng ngo-1939 yathengiswa e-London ngenani lika-800 wepense iphawundi — inani eliphakeme kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Namuhla intengo yokudayisela ye-Diān Hóng Jīngdiǎn esezingeni eliphezulu isukela ku-200 kuya ku-800 yuan (cishe i-$25–110 USD) nge-100 g, ngokuya ngesigaba.
Indlela Yokugwema Amanga:
- Thenga itiye kubathengisi abathembekile, abakhethekile abanokuhlinzekwa obala.
- Bheka isimo sangaphandle: izigwegwe eziqondile, eziqondile ezinamacembe amaningi aneziphetho zegolide. Iqabunga eliphukile, elinenhlabathi noma elincane ngokweqile kuwuphawu lwezinga eliphansi.
- Hlola iphunga: kufanele lihlanzekile, limnandi, libe ne-solod noju, ngaphandle kwamakha anuka kabi noma okushile.
- Funza ulwazi ngomkhiqizi, isifunda (Fengqing), kanye nosuku lokuvuna.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo yetiye elinegama elinomlando kufanele ikuxwayise — kungenzeka kube nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zangempela ezivela kwezinye izindawo.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

U-Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, 1900–1987) — ungomunye wochwepheshe abakhulu betiye bekhulunyaka lama-20. Esebenza impilo yakhe yonke, waba neqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni noma ekuthuthukisweni kwamatiye amaningana abomvu adumile aseChina: i-Ning Hong (宁红) e-Jiangxi, i-Qi Hong (祁红) e-Anhui, i-Diān Hóng (滇红) e-Yunnan, kanye ne-Yi Hong (宜红) e-Hubei. Izingane zakhe zaphiwa iziteketiso “zetiye,” ezihlobene nezindawo zomsebenzi zikayise.
Ngo-1957–1958, i-Diān Hóng yase-Fengqing yaphinda izikhathi ezimbili ilandelana ukumisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu esithengiswaneni samatiye ase-London. Ngo-1958, inqwaba yetiye elikhethekile yathunyelwa e-Beijing nombiko othokozayo — umcimbi owanikeza igama elithi “Jīngdiǎn 58.”
Ngo-2022, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Diān Hóng bafakwa ohlwini lwamagugu angabonakali omhlaba we-UNESCO — lokhu kwaba yinto yokuqala yamagugu omhlaba angabonakali kulo lonke idolobha lase-Lincang.
Iziphetho zegolide (golden tips) kwi-Diān Hóng eyomile — akuzona amacembe adwetshiwe, kodwa izimbali ezithambile zetiye, zimbozwe ummoya ominyene. Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, i-chlorophyll iguqulwa ibe yi-pheophytin, bese ummoya uba nombala osagolide osawolintshi. Ubuningi bamatiphu wuphawu lomkhiqizo lwe-Diān Hóng esezingeni.
Inkondlo yempi: “ithani elilodwa le-Diān Hóng — amathela ayishumi ensimbi.” Itiye lalisindisa izwe ngokoqobo, liqinisekisa ukuthengwa kwezinto zokulwa ezazihleliwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Diān Hóng yathola iziteketiso ezihloniphekile ezinjengokuthi “itiye elisindisayo” (救国茶, jiùguó chá) kanye nethi “itiye lokushisekela izwe” (爱国茶, àiguó chá).

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:

Diān Hóng Jīn Háo (滇红金毫, Diān Hóng Jīn Háo, “Ummoya Wegolide”): I-Diān Hóng enamatiphu amaningi, eyakhiwe kakhulu izimbali zegolide. Ukunambitheka kuthambile, ubumnandi bugqame kakhulu, umzimba ulula kancane. I-“Jīngdiǎn 1938” inokulingana okungcono, inokujula nobunkimbinkimbi obukhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwamacembe avuliwe.
Diān Hóng Sōngzhēn (滇红松针, Diān Hóng Sōngzhēn, “Izinaliti Zikasihlahla”): Amacembe asontekwe abe izinaliti ezincane, ezinde. Ukunambitheka kunamaminerali ngokwengeziwe futhi “kuhlanzekile.” I-“Jīngdiǎn 1938” inesimo esiqondile esifanayo, kodwa iyehluka ngokugcwala komzimba kanye nephrofayili ye-solod enothile.
Qí Hóng Máo Fēng (祁红毛峰, Qí Hóng Máo Fēng): Itiye elibomvu lase-Qimen elivela ohlotsheni olunamacembe amancane Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Isitayela esihluke ngokuphelele: iphunga elihle, elihlanekile elinokunamunyeza kwe-orchid nentuthu, umzimba olula, ubumnandi obuthe xaxa. I-“Jīngdiǎn 1938” — ngokuqhathanisa — inothile, iminyene, inobumnandi be-solod.
Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng, Lapsang Souchong): Itiye elibomvu lase-Fujian elinephunga elibabayo lomlilo (ukumunyungwa ngomlilo wezinkuni zikasihlahla). Iphrofayili ehluke ngokuphelele: i-“Jīngdiǎn 1938” ayinawo umlilo futhi iyehluka ngobumnandi bezithelo ne-solod obuhlanzekile.
Jiǔcéng Shān Hóng Chá (九层山红茶, Jiǔcéng Shān Hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu lase-Taiwan. Lihlanzekile kakhudlwana futhi linezimbali, linomoya opholile wasezintabeni ezinde. I-“Jīngdiǎn 1938” iminyene kakhulu futhi iminyene, inomzimba nokujula okukhulu.

14. Izinto Ezingase Zibe Nobungozi:

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-caffeine (3.5–4.1%), akunconywa ukuphuza itiye eliqinile ebusuku noma uma ungazwani ne-caffeine.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabasecelisayo kufanele banciphise ukuphuza noma babonisane nodokotela.
Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo zesisu (i-gastritis, izilonda), itiye eliqinile lingacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu — kungcono ukuphuza itiye elingenamandla ngemuva kokudla.
Itiye lingathinta ukumuncwa kweminye imithi nezinto ezincane (ikakhulukazi i-iron) — kunconywa ukuhlukanisa ukuphuza itiye nokuthatha imithi okungenani ngemizuzu engama-30.
Kungenzeka kube nokungezwani komuntu uqobo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yunnan Jingdian 1938 Itiye Elibomvu — akulona nje itiye elibomvu elihle kakhulu, kodwa kuwumlando ophilayo wesenzo esidabukisayo emlandweni wetiye waseChina. Lazalwa ebumnyameni bempi ngenxa yobuhlakani buka-Feng Shaoqiu, leli tiye laba ubufakazi bokuthi uhlobo olukhulu lwamacembe ase-Yunnan lungakhiqiza itiye elibomvu elisezingeni lomhlaba — okwavulwa okwashintsha imibono yemboni yamatiye. Ukunambitheka kwalo okucebile, okumbothayo okunamakha e-solod, uju noshokoledi, ukugcwalisa okucwazimulayo okunjengorabhi okunomphetho owolintshi, kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile, okufudumezayo okuqhubeka lithanda abathandi emhlabeni wonke. Leli tiye lilungela kahle inkambiso yansuku zonke, enikeza ukufudumala nokuthula, kanye nezikhathi ezikhethekile, lapho ufisa ukuthinta isiko elikhulu lobungcweti betiye baseChina.