Yúnlóng Lǜchá

I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme elivela esifundeni sase-Yúnlóng, esiFundeni Esizimele sase-Dàlǐ sama-Bái esifundazweni sase-Yúnnán. Likhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amaqabunga esihlahla setiye sase-Yúnnán esinamaqabunga amakhulu (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1800–2600 — okungenye yezindawo zokutshala itiye eziphakeme kakhulu eShayina. Umkhiqizo onomfanekiso wezindawo okuvikelwe yi-People’s Republic of China (kusukela ngo-2016). Izimpawu zesitayela eziyisibonelo: iqabunga eliqine ngokuqinile elinesichibi esisiliva, ingulube ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iphunga elizinze kakhulu lekhestanithi elosiwe, kanye nokunambitheka okugcwele nokusha okunobumnandi obude obubuyayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — alivutshelwanga; izinga lokuvutshelwa lincane kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-5%). Ubuchwepheshe — ukulosa ezitsheni (炒青, chǎoqīng).
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseShayina; itiye eliluhlaza lase-Yúnnán elinamaqabunga amakhulu (云南大叶种绿茶, Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng lǜchá). Umkhiqizo onomfanekiso wezindawo okuvikelwe yi-People’s Republic of China.
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Yúnnán (云南省, Yúnnán shěng), isiFunda Esizimele sase-Dàlǐ sama-Bái (大理白族自治州, Dàlǐ Báizú Zìzhìzhōu), isifunda sase-Yúnlóng (云龙县, Yúnlóng xiàn). Ukukhiqizwa kuhlanganisa amadolobhana nezindawo eziyishumi nanye: i-Nuòdèng (诺邓镇, Nuòdèng zhèn), i-Gōngguǒqiáo (功果桥镇, Gōngguǒqiáo zhèn), i-Cáojiàn (漕涧镇, Cáojiàn zhèn), i-Báishí (白石镇, Báishí zhèn), i-Bǎofēng (宝丰乡, Bǎofēng xiāng), i-Miáowěi (苗尾乡, Miáowěi xiāng), i-Jiǎncáo (检槽乡, Jiǎncáo xiāng), i-Chángxīn (长新乡, Chángxīn xiāng), i-Guānpíng (关坪乡, Guānpíng xiāng), i-Tuánjié (团结乡, Tuánjié xiāng) kanye ne-Mínjiàn (民建乡, Mínjiàn xiāng).
• Izixhumanisi zezulu: 98°52′–99°46′ e.d., 25°28′–26°23′ e.s.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando:

Ukulinywa kwetiye esifundeni sase-Yúnlóng kwaqala kamuva nje — ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngo-1919, umphathi wesifunda u-Duàn Tāo (段韬, Duàn Tāo) wathenga imbewu yetiye esifundeni sase-Shùnníng (顺宁, Shùnníng; manje osekuyi-Fèngqìng, 凤庆, Fèngqìng) wayiletha ukuze ihlolwe ngokutshalwa ezindaweni zase-Jiùzhōu (旧州, Jiùzhōu) nase-Tāngjiàn (汤涧, Tāngjiàn). Isilingo saba yimpumelelo: izihlahla ezingamakhulu amaningana zamila esimweni sezulu sasezintabeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwaqala ngo-1987 lapho ezindaweni ezinkulu ezise-Bǎofēng, e-Jiùzhōu nakwezinye izindawo kwahlelwa ukutshalwa ngezinga elikhulu; izindlela zobuciko zendabuko zahlanganiswa futhi zafaniswa ngaphansi komkhiqizo owodwa othi “Yúnlóng Lǜchá”. Ngo-1996, “I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá yomkhiqizo we-Dàlìshù” (大栗树牌云龙绿茶, Dàlìshù pái Yúnlóng lǜchá) yathola indondo yegolide embukisweni waseShayina wemikhiqizo emisha yesayensi nobuchwepheshe (中国科技精品博览会).

Ngo-2016, itiye labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni njengomkhiqizo onomfanekiso wezindawo okuvikelwe (国家农产品地理标志). Ngo-2024, indawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni yafinyelela kumahektha angu-4000, umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza — ngaphezu kwamathani angu-3000. Kwavela imikhiqizo eminingi eyaziwayo: “Dàlìshù” (大栗树, Dàlìshù), “Lǎomù” (佬倵, Lǎomù), “Yúnjí” (云极), “Dàshāntóu” (大山头). Itiye libe yisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho kwezifunda eziyishumi nanye zalesi sifunda.

• Igama:

云龙 (Yúnlóng) — “Udrako Osemafini”; igama lendawo elibonisa isimo sezintaba, “esinamafu”; 绿茶 (lǜchá) — “itiye eliluhlaza”. Leli gama lobunkondlo lidlulisela isithombe setiye elivela endaweni lapho “uma kuvulekile ekuseni nakusihlwa kufifi yonke indawo, uma kumvula amafu amboza zonke izintaba” (晴时早晚遍地雾，阴雨连天满山云).

• Ukubaluleka kwesiko:

I-Yúnlóng iyisifunda esiyingxenye yesiFunda Esizimele sase-Dàlǐ sama-Bái, esihlala kakhulu abantu bama-Bái (白族, Báizú). Itiye lapha aliyona nje into eyisithela, kepha futhi liyisici esibalulekile sendlela yokuphila yemiphakathi yasezintabeni, eminingi yayo ehlala ezingeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-2000 futhi ngokomlando yayizibandakanya nokwelusa izifuyo nokutshala amantongomane. Ukwethulwa kokulinywa kwetiye kwaletha kulomiphakathi umthombo wemali engenayo ozinzile kanye nokuxhumana nemakethe ebanzi yezwe. Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza — idolobhana lase-Dàlìshù (大栗树村, Dàlìshù cūn) esigodini sase-Bǎofēng — laziwa njengomuzi oyisibonelo kazwelonke “Idolobhana elilodwa – umkhiqizo owodwa” (全国一村一品示范村). Eminyakeni yamuva, kuthuthukiswa ezokuvakasha kwezolimo eziphathelene netiye: kwakhiwa iPhaki Yezivakashi Eziyindalo Yetiye yase-Dàlìshù (大栗树生态茶旅庄园).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Isisekelo sakhiwe yizigaxa zamaqabunga amakhulu ase-Yúnnán (云南大叶种群体, Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng qúntǐ) — umsuka ovela enzalweni ngembewu (有性系, yǒuxìng xì). Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezingama-clone: uchungechunge lwe-Yúnkàng (云抗系列, Yúnkàng xìliè) nochungechunge lwe-Fóxiāng (佛香系列, Fóxiāng xìliè) — ama-cultivar aphakeme asakazwa ngokutshatshaliswa. Kukhona futhi izihlahla zakudala zendawo (古茶树, gǔcháshù), ikakhulukazi emnyombweni wensimu yase-Dàshāntóu. Wonke ama-cultivar angaphansi kwe-Camellia sinensis var. assamica — uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu, olujwayelekile e-Yúnnán.
• Ukuvunwa: Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá) — okuyinhloko futhi okubaluleke kakhulu; kuqala ngokushesha nje emva kwe-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli). Ukuvuna kwasehlobo nasekwindla nakho kuyenziwa.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ngokwetiyenti lasentwasahlobo: ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu (一芽二叶至一芽三叶, yī yá èr yè zhì yī yá sān yè). Izidingo: amahlumela alinganayo, afanayo, nokulingana ngokulinganayo kwehlumela namaqabunga. Amaqabunga “ezinhlanzi” (鱼叶, yúyè), amaqabunga avunwa ngesikhathi semvula, amaqabunga “abhangqile” (对夹叶, duìjiā yè), awohlokayo, anesithwathwa noma amaphephilisi “anumbala onsomi” awavunyelwe.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amaqabunga amasha afakwa kumabhasikidi oqalo (竹篓, zhúlǒu) — akusetshenziswa izikhwama zepolothene ukuze kugwenywe ukushisana. Okuqukethwe ama-polyphenols etiye ≥ 25,0%, ama-amino acid ≥ 4,0%.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

• Isimo sendawo nesimo sezulu: Isifunda sase-Yúnlóng sisesigodini esindayo se-Láncāngjiāng (澜沧江纵谷区, Láncāngjiāng zònggǔ qū) — umfula ongenhla we-Mekong — entshonalanga ye-Yúnnán. Izihosha ezijulile, imithambeka ewumqansa, kanye nezinhlelo zomfula eziyisikhombisa (kuhlanganisa ne-Láncāngjiāng ne-Bìjiāng, 沘江) kwakha isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi liyi-16,2°C, umswakama ohambisanayo ≥ 75%, izinsuku ezinamafu ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa emini nasebusuku ubangela ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid nezakhi eziphungayo.
• Ukuphakama kokumila: Amamitha ayi-1800–2600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle — esinye sezifunda eziphakeme kakhulu eYúnnán. Umnyombo wensimu yase-Dàshāntóu e-Bǎofēng — amamitha ayi-2400–2500.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yezintaba ephuzi–bhurawuni (黄棕壤, huáng zōng rǎng) ene-asidi enobumnene (i-pH 4,5–6,0), ingqimba enothile evundile, ukukhishwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezenziwe yizinto eziphilayo (≥ 6,01%). Inhlabathi ithuthukiswe ngamacoyi – i-selenium (Se) ne-zinc (Zn). Ukumbozwa kwehlathi emnyombweni wendawo yokukhiqiza kungaphezu kuka-70%. Umnyombo uyindawo ekuvikelwe amanzi; ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane akuvunyelwe.
• Izinto ezikhethekile: Izingxenye zomoya ezifudumele neziswakeme ezenyuka ezihosheni zase-Láncāngjiāng zinxephezela ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa okuphakeme, kanti inala yokukhanya okusakazekayo (漫射光, mànshè guāng) igqugquzela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nasezingeni lamamitha angu-2500, ama-amino acid eqabunga lasentwasahlobo afinyelela ku-≥ 4,0%.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá itiye eliluhlaza elilosiwe (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá), okusetshenziswa lapha kuhlanganiswa ukulosa nokomisa (烘炒结合, hōng chǎo jiéhé) ukuze kugxiliswe iphunga nesimo. Wonke umjikelezo wenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi oqalo nokhuni – ukuthintana kwetiye nensimbi kuyagwenywa. Ukukhiqiza amagremu angu-500 ehlobo elikhethekile kudinga amahlumela angaba ngu-40 000.

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuha okwenziwa ngesandla, izinga — ihlumela elinamaqabunga ama-2–3. Amabhasikidi oqalo.
• Ukubuna (摊晾, tānliáng): Amaqabunga amasha anwetshwa emaceleni oqalo amahora ama-4–6 ukuze kuhwamuke umswakama weqile kanye nokwenza iphunga lokuqala.
• Ukugxilisa – “ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Ukulosa okunamazinga okushisa aphezulu ngendlela “yokujikijela” (高温抛炒, gāowēn pāochǎo). Kwenza ama-enzyme angasebenzi, kugcine umbala oluhlaza futhi “kuvala” iphunga lekhestanithi.
• Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngomshini noma ngesandla; kwakha ukusontana okuqinile okungokwesitayela. Kucekela isakhiwo samaseli ukuze kuhlale kukhishwa ngokulinganayo.
• Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Indlela ehlanganisiwe “ukulosa + ukomisa” ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa ≤ 60°C. Kugxilisa isimo, kuqinise umkhiwane wephunga — ikakhulukazi inothi lekhestanithi.
• Ukuhlela (筛分, shāifēn): Ukwahlukanisa ngezigaba ngosayizi nokuma, kususwa amaqabunga anesici nezindebe.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Ngompimbo:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esisontekile (螺形, luóxíng): eliqinile, elinesisindo, elisontekile sibe ngumoya, elicwebezelayo, elinokuphuma kohlaza — okungokwesigaba esikhethekile. Esimile (条形, tiáoxíng): esiqinile, esilinganayo, esiluhlaza okumpunga okunesichibi esibonakalayo “esiyiqhwa” (灰绿上霜, huīlǜ shàngshuāng) — okungokwezigaba zokuqala nezesibili.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ligqamile, lihlanzekile, ngesisekelo sekhestanithi. Ezigabeni eziphakeme — kunezimbali nezithelo ngaphezulu.
• Iphunga lokungeniswa: Iphunga elizinze kakhulu lekhestanithi elosiwe (熟板栗香, shú bǎnlì xiāng) — umaka oyinhloko wesitayela. Liphakeme, lide, linamathuna amancane ezimbali nezithelo emaphethelweni angaphezulu (ikakhulukazi etiyeni elisuka emnyombweni we-Dàshāntóu).
• Ukunambitheka: Okunothile, okugcwele (浓醇, nóngchún), futhi okusha nokuqabulayo (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okunobumnandi obude nobubuyayo obugqamile (回甘, huígān). Ubuhlungu nobuhlungwana buyalinganisela futhi bushintsha masinyane bube ubumnandi. Umuzwa “womzimba” oqinile ubangelwa ukuba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezikhishwayo (≥ 44,0%) — okuwuphawu lwamatiye amaqabunga amakhulu ase-Yúnnán.
• Umbala wokungeniswa: Oluhlaza okuphaphathekile, okhanyele phansi, ogqamile (汤色淡绿清澈明亮, tāngsè dànlǜ qīngchè míngliàng).
• Inkomishi yetiye (iqabunga eliye lagcotshiswa): Amaqabunga aphelele, alinganayo, aluhlaza ngokumnene, aphilile futhi enwebekayo (叶底完整匀整、嫩绿鲜活, yèdǐ wánzhěng yúnzhěng, nènlǜ xiānhuó).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): ≥ 25,0% — iphakeme kakhulu kunasematiyeni aluhlaza amaningi anamaqabunga amancane. Kuchazwa ukuthi kungokohlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu var. assamica, oluthambekele ngokofuzo ekunqwabelaneni kwama-polyphenols. Kunikeza umphumela onamandla wokulwa nama-oxidant.
• Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): ≥ 4,0% (isamba sonke), i-L-theanine (茶氨酸, cháānsuān) ≥ 1,9%. Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid kanye nama-polyphenols aphakeme ngokufanayo — kuyinhlanganisela engavamile, eyakha ibhalansi yezimpawu “ukugcwala + ukusha”. Kubangelwa ukuphakama okwedlulele kanye nokuchichima kokukhanya okusakazekayo.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn) ≥ 2,0%. I-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
• Izinto ezikhishwayo ezincibilikayo emanzini (水浸出物, shuǐjìnchūwù): ≥ 44,0% — inkomba ephakeme kakhulu, echaza umzimba ogcwele wokungeniswa kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugcotshiswa izikhathi eziningi.
• Amavithamini: I-Vithamini C isalondolozwa ngenani elikhulu ngenxa yokomiswa ngobumnene okungaphansi kuka-60°C. Kukhona futhi amavithamini B₁, B₂, E, ne-β-carotene.
• Amacoyi: I-potassium, i-manganese, i-selenium (Se), i-zinc (Zn) — kubangelwa ukwakheka kwamatje kwenhlabathi yezintaba. I-fluoride — inikela empilweni yamazinyo.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umphumela onamandla wokulwa nama-oxidant: Okuqukethwe ngama-polyphenols ≥ 25% kunikeza ukusebenza okungomunye okuphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ekunciphiseni ama-radical akhululekile.
• Umphumela wokukhuthaza nokuvuselela: I-caffeine (≥ 2,0%) inyusa ukugxila nokukhanya kwengqondo; lapho ihlanganiswa ne-L-theanine, umphumela uba mnene futhi uhlala isikhathi eside, ngaphandle “kokuwa kwe-caffeine”.
• Ukusekela ukugaya: Ama-polyphenols aqqugquzela ukuhamba kokudla esiswini, anciphise ukuvuvukala, anikela ekugayweni kokudla okunamafutha.
• Ukusekela ukugaya umzimba: Ama-catechin asheshisa ukwephulwa kwamafutha, futhi angaba nomthelela ekujwayeleni umkhiwane we-lipid.
• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine (≥ 1,9%) inikela ekuphumuleni ngaphandle kokuzeqa, ithuthukise inkumbulo nokunaka.
• Ukondliwa ngamacoyi: Ukunothiswa ngokwemvelo nge-selenium ne-zinc kusekela isimiso somzimba sokulwa nezifo kanye nokuvikelwa kwama-oxidant.
• Impilo yomlomo: I-fluoride iyakuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin ne-theaflavin anikela ekunwebekeni kwezindonga zemithambo futhi angaba nomthelela ekujwayeleni umfutho wegazi uma kuphuzwa njalo.

9. Ukugcotshiswa (Ukwenziwa Kwetiye):

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C. Ungawasebenzisi amanzi abilayo angaphezu kwama-85°C — kucekela phansi i-L-theanine, kulahlekelwe ukusha, kubekhala ubuhlungu.

• Inani letiye: Amagremu ama-3 kumamililitha ayi-150 (1:50) ngokwendlela yengilazi; amagremu ama-5–7 nge-gàiwǎn engamamililitha ayi-100–120 ngokwegongfu.

• Ithuluzi: Ingilazi yengilazi (ukuze kubhekwe ngokubonakalayo ukuvuleka kweqabunga), i-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yobumba omhlophe, iketela elincane lase-Yixing.

• Inqubo (indlela yengilazi — indlela yokuthululela ngaphezulu, 上投法):

  1. Ufudumeze ingilazi ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
  2. Thela amanzi ashisayo (80–85°C) aze afike ku-7/10 womthamo.
  3. Thela itiye — amaqabunga azozika kancane futhi avuleke.
  4. Ligxile imizuzu emi-2–3.
  5. Phuza, ushiye 1/3 wokungeniswa, uthele amanzi futhi; kuze kufike ekutheleleni okungu-2–3.

• Inqubo (i-gàiwǎn, igongfu):

  1. Fudumeza i-gàiwǎn ne-cháhaǐ ngamanzi abilayo.
  2. Thela amagremu ama-5–7 etiye, uhlaziye iphunga leqabunga elomile.
  3. Ukuthela okuhlanza (润茶, rùnchá): imizuzwana emihlanu, ukuchithe.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-20, ukusabalalisa.
  5. Okulandelayo ngakunye — +10 imizuzwana. Imelana nokuthela okuhle okungu-3–5.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: Isitsha esivaleke ngokuphelele (izikhwama ze-vacuum, izikhwama ezicijile, amathini ensimbi). Kude nokukhanya, umswakama, ukushisa namaphunga angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa: Okulungile — esiqandisini, 0–5°C.
• Isikhathi sokuqina okuphelele: Ukugqama okuphezulu — izinyanga eziyisi-6–12 zokuqala ngemuva kokukhiqizwa. Itiye elisha kunconywa ukuthi lilindiswe izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu endaweni emnyama ukuze kususwe “umlilo” (褪火气, tuì huǒqì). Ngemuva kokuvula iphakethe — liphuze kungakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

• Isigaba sentengo:

  • Uhlobo olukhethekile (特级, tèjí): kusuka kuma-yuan angu-600 ngejīn (500 g) — amahlumela awodwa (≥ 95%), asontekile, ephunga lehestanithi elinamandla.
  • Uhlobo lokuqala (一级, yījí): ama-yuan angu-300–500 — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa, umugqa oqinile, ukunambitheka okusha nokuzinzile.
  • Uhlobo lwesibili (二级, èrjí): ama-yuan angu-100–300 — ihlumela elinamaqabunga ama-2–3, iphunga elihlanzekile, inani eliphezulu “lokuthengwa / kwekhwalithi”. Izici zentengo: isikhathi sonyaka (esasentwasahlobo sibiza kakhulu), indawo encane (i-Dàshāntóu — inkokheliso), ubudala bezihlahla (古茶树 — ukwenyuka), isitifiketi sokuphila ngokwemvelo.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:

  • Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe bomkhiqizo “Dàlìshù” noma abanye abakhiqizi ababhalisiwe abanophawu lomfanekiso wezindawo.
  • Hlola isimo sangaphandle: i-Yúnlóng Lǜchá yekhwalithi — iqabunga eliqinile, eliqinile nesichibi esiluhlaza “esiyiqhwa”; iqabunga elincane, elephukile noma eliphuzi liphawula ukuhlanganisa ngezinga eliphansi.
  • Hlaziya iphunga: umaka womkhiqizo — iphunga lehestanithi elizinze, ngaphandle kwencasa emuncu, igciwane noma iphunga “lenhlanzi”.
  • Ukungeniswa kumele kukhanyele phansi, kube luhlaza ngokuncane — ukufinyezeka noma umbala omnyama kukhomba isici.
  • Intengo engaphansi kwama-yuan angu-400 ngejīn uma kuthiwa “特级” iyimbangela yokungabaza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Umlando wokulinywa kwetiye e-Yúnlóng waqala ngokuhlolwa kokuqina kwestphathamandla esisodwa sesifunda: ngo-1919 u-Duàn Tāo waletha imbewu evela e-Shùnníng (manje osekuyi-Fèngqìng, okuyikhaya letiye elibomvu lase-Yúnnán elidumile i-diānhóng). Izihlahla ezingamakhulu amaningana zamila — kwathi emva kwekhulu leminyaka, isifunda sikhiqiza amathani etiye angu-3000 ngonyaka.
• Insimu yase-Dàshāntóu (大山头) esigodini sase-Bǎofēng ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2400–2500 — ingenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zokutshala itiye ezidayiswayo eShayina. Uma uqhathanisa: ama-oolong adumile asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseTaiwan atshalwa emamitheni ayi-1600–2600, kanti iningi lamatiye aluhlaza ase-Yúnnán atshalwa emamitheni ayi-1000–1800.
• Izinto ezikhishwayo ezincibilikayo emanzini eYúnlóng Lǜchá zifinyelela kuma-≥ 44% — lokhu kuyinkomba evamise ukuhleleka itiye elihle le-pu’er kunetiye eliluhlaza, futhi kuchaza “ukumelana” okungavamile kokungeniswa entelekeni ngokuphindaphindiwe.
• Isifunda siqanjwe ngokuthi “Udrako Osemafini” — futhi lokhu akusona isingathekiso nje: isisho sendawo esithi “uma kuvulekile ekuseni nakusihlwa kufifi yonke indawo, uma kumvula amafu amboza zonke izintaba” sichaza iqiniso lokuphila ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-2000, lapho izihlahla zetiye zikhula khona ngokwezwi nezwi emafini.
• Ukukhiqizwa kubhekelwa yi-Tea Institute yaseYúnnán Agricultural University (云南农业大学茶学系) – ukwengamela kwezemfundo kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi nokwethulwa kwamazinga amasha ezobuchwepheshe kwezolimo.
• Ngo-2024, ngokwetiye eliluhlaza elisontekile lezinga eliphezulu lochungechunge lwe- “Fóxiāng 3” (佛香3号) kwaklanywa futhi kwagunyazwa amazinga ahlukene wesifunda okukhiqiza (大理佛香3号卷曲形绿茶加工技术规程), okwakuhileleka ekuthuthukisweni kwabo i-Dali Agricultural Science Research Institute, i-Tea Research Institute yase-Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences kanye nemboni yetiye yase- “Dàlìshù” e-Bǎofēng — okugcizelela ukuzimisela kokusekelwa ngesayensi kwemboni.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Yǒngtài Lǜchá (永泰绿茶, Yǒngtài Lǜchá): Itiye eliluhlaza laseFújiàn; elinamaqabunga amancane (var. sinensis), ukuphakama okungu-500+ m. Umzimba olula, iphunga elimnene lekhestanithi-izimbali. I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá — iqine kakhulu futhi inamandla ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaqabunga amakhulu nokuphakama okwedlulele.
• Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngesihwamisi (蒸青) laseHúběi; umkhiwane ogqamile wolwandle-utshani, i-umami ephezulu. I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá — eyosiwe, enokubusa kwekhestanithi nomkhiwane wephunga “owume kakhulu”.
• Diānlǜ / Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Yúnnán (滇绿, Diānlǜ): Isigaba esijwayelekile samatiye aluhlaza ase-Yúnnán. I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá igqama ngokuphakama okukhulu kwezindawo zokutshala kanye nesimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele sehosha lase-Láncāngjiāng, okwakha ibhalansi yama-polyphenols nama-amino acid engatholakali ematiyeni aluhlaza ase-Yúnnán angaphansi.
• Lúshān Yúnwù (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Itiye eliluhlaza “elisemafini” laseJiāngxī; ukuphakama okungu-800–1200 m, amaqabunga amancane, alula futhi anezimbali. I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá — iphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000, inamaqabunga amakhulu, iqinile futhi inobuhlungu, ne-huígān egqamile.
• Amatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseTaiwan (台灣高山綠茶): Ibanga elifanayo lokuphakama, kodwa ama-cultivar ahlukile (Qīng Xīn, TTES No.12/13), nobuchwepheshe obuhlukile. I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá — inamandla futhi “yomile kakhulu” ngenxa yobunjalo bamaqabunga amakhulu ezihlahla zase-Yúnnán.

Ukuvalelisa

I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá — ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza aphakeme kakhulu eShayina futhi iwubufakazi obuphambili bokuthi isihlahla esinamaqabunga amakhulu sase-Yúnnán singakhiqiza hhayi kuphela i-pu’er enkulu ne-diānhóng, kodwa netiye eliluhlaza lekhwalithi evelele. Ukuphakama okweqile ngamamitha ayi-2000–2500, ukuchichima kwamafu nenkungu, izihlahla zasendulo kanye nenhlanzeko yemvelo emsulwa — konke lokhu kuhlangana kwakha itiye elinenhlanganisela engajwayelekile “kokuluhlaza”: umzimba oqinile, ogcwele kanye nokusha, ubumnandi ne-huígān ende. Iphunga lekhestanithi — elijulile futhi elizinzile — liba wuphawu lwesitayela. I-Yúnlóng Lǜchá izothandwa yilabo abafuna itiye eliluhlaza elinomlingiswa: hhayi elintekenteke futhi “elizungeza emoyeni”, kodwa elinamandla, eligcwele futhi elikhumbulekayo.