Yǔnkēng Luhlaza

Yǔnkēng Luhlaza iyitiyo eliluhlaza elilodwa emhlabeni jikelele elitshalwa embonjeni yezinkanyezi. Amasimu alo angaphakathi naseduze nomgodi we-Baisha esiqhingini sase-Hainan — okuwukuphela komgodi wezinkanyezi oqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi eChina, owakheka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizi-0.7 edlule. Inhlabathi, ecebile ngamaminerali asemkhathini angu-48, inikeza itiye ‘ukujula kwamaminerali’ okuyingqayizivele (矿韵, kuàng yùn) kanye namandla okuphuma kakhulu adlula amazinga kazwelonke. Leli tiye laziwa kakhulu ngegama lezentengiselwano elithi ‘Báishā Luhlaza’ (白沙绿茶, Báishā lǜchá), futhi lathola isikhundla somkhiqizo oqonde ukukhiqizwa endaweni ethile ngo-2004, laphinde laphumelela ekuhlolweni okuphathelene nokulinywa ngokwemvelo okuvela emazweni amane (China, i-EU, i-USA, i-Japan).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Alifakwanga; izinga le-oxidation lincane kakhulu. Isici esikhethekile siwukusetshenziswa kwesitimu sokumisa (蒸青, zhēngqīng) esikhundleni sokugazinga okujwayelekile, okuvumela itiye ukuba libe ‘liluhlaza’ ngokwengeziwe, nelinamakha amnandi otshani obusha.
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza asezindaweni zaseChina. Umkhiqizo oqonde ukukhiqizwa endaweni ethile (国家地理标志保护产品, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì bǎohù chǎnpǐn, 2004). Okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza esifundazweni sase-Hainan eliklonyeliswe ngendondo ekhethekile yegolide emqhudelwaneni ‘Zhōnglǜ Bēi’ (中绿杯, 2020).
• Umsuka: China, isifundazwe sase-Hainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), isifunda esizimele se-Baisha-Lizu (白沙黎族自治县, Báishā Lízú Zìzhìxiàn), endaweni yepulazi likahulumeni lase-Baisha (国营白沙农场, Guóyíng Báishā Nóngchǎng).
• Izixhumanisi Zendawo: Cishe 19°13′ N, 109°27′ E (inkaba yomgodi — idolobhana lase-Yacha, 牙叉镇, Yáchā Zhèn, amakhilomitha ayisi-9 eningizimu-mpumalanga).
• Amagama Ahlukile: Báishā Luhlaza (白沙绿茶, Báishā lǜchá) — igama eliyinhloko lezentengiselwano; ‘Itiye elivela embonjeni yezinkanyezi’ — igama elichazayo elidumile.

2. Umlando kanye Nencazelo Yamasiko:

Isiko letiye endaweni lisukela esikhathini sasendulo. Okhokho babantu bakwa-Li (黎族, Lízú) baye bakhukha amacembe etiye lasendle elinamaqabunga amakhulu ezintabeni zase-Wuzhishan (五指山, Wǔzhǐ Shān) amawaka eminyaka, belisebenzisela ukuqeda ukoma kanye nezindlela zokwelapha. Imibhalo yokuqala yokubalulwa kwetiye endaweni ibhalwe ku-‘Qióngtái Zhì’ (《琼台志》), umlando wase-Hainan ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Ming (正德六年, unyaka ka-1511).

Umlando wesimanje uqala ngo-1958, lapho kwasungulwa ipulazi likahulumeni lase-Baisha (白沙农场). Ngeminyaka yawo-1960, kwakhiwa ifemu letiye likahulumeni lase-Baisha (国营白沙茶厂), okwabeka isisekelo sokukhiqiza itiye ngezimboni. Isihlahla esikhulu esasilinywa kwaba uhlobo lwe-Hainan olunamaqabunga amakhulu (海南大叶种, Hǎinán Dàyèzhǒng). Ngo-1990, itiye labalwa njengomkhiqizo ‘ohlaza’ (绿色食品) futhi laba isiphuzo esisemthethweni emidlalweni ye-Asian Games e-Beijing.

Nokho, ngeminyaka yawo-1990, imboni yawohloka: ukuwohloka kwamasimu, ukuntula ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokwehla kwekhwalithi kwaholela enkingeni. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngo-2000 lapho kufakwa imodeli ethi ‘inkampani + umlimi wetiye’ (公司+茶农), eyaqinisekisa ukuma okufanayo kanye nokubambisana. Ngo-2004, itiye lathola isikhundla somkhiqizo oqonde ukukhiqizwa endaweni ethile. Ngo-2010, kwatshalwa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu zama-yuan ukuze kwakhiwe umugqa wesimanje wokukhiqiza ohlanzekile onesitimu, owathatha isikhundla sobugazinga obudala obusetshenziswa amadrumu. Ngo-2011, i-Báishā Luhlaza yaba isiphuzo esisemthethweni se-Boao Forum for Asia. Ngo-2020, leli tiye lathola indondo ekhethekile yegolide emqhudelwaneni we-‘Zhōnglǜ Bēi’ — okuyiwona mphumela wokuqala nokuphela kwawo e-Hainan. Ngo-2024, ubukhulu bamasimu etiye babudlule ama-mu angu-1900 (cishe amahektha angu-127), kanti isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwetiye elilinywe ngendlela yemvelo sifinyelela kumathani angu-25 ngonyaka.

• Igama:

  • Yǔnkēng (陨坑, Yǔnkēng) — ‘umgodi wezinkanyezi’: kubhekiswa ngqo emlandweni oyingqayizivele wenhlabathi.
  • Luhlaza (绿茶, Lǜchá) — ‘itiye eliluhlaza’.
  • Igama lezentengiselwano Báishā (白沙, Báishā) — ngokoqobo ‘isihlabathi esimhlophe’ — igama lesifunda nepu lemali.

• Incazelo yamasiko: I-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza iwuphawu lwesiqhingi sase-Hainan emasikweni etiye laseChina. Lona ngumkhiqizo wetiye oyinhloko esifundazweni, obosheleke kakhulu nesiko lama-Li kanye nomlando oyingqayizivele wezwe. Itiye libizwa nge ‘yokuqala ebusweni bomhlaba’ (华夏第一早春茶, Huáxià dì yī zǎo chūn chá) ngoba isimo sezulu esishisayo sivumela ukuqala ukukha itiye ngasekupheleni kukaZibandlela — emavikini ayi-1-3 ngaphambi kunezinye izindawo ezweni lonkana.

3. Ukuchazwa Ngezitshalo kanye Nezinto Eziwugqinsi:

• Uhlobo / Isivuno: Amavlokotho aphambili yi-Hainan Da Ye Zhong (海南大叶种, Hǎinán Dàyèzhǒng, Camellia sinensis var. assamica) kanye ne-Yunnan Da Ye Zhong (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng). Abelekelezi: Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá), Qilan (奇兰, Qílán), Fuyun 6 Hao (福云6号). Izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu zibonakala ngamandla amakhulu e-polyphenol (≥28,7%) kanye namandla aphakathi nje e-amino acid (≥3,2%), okuqinisekisa ukunambitheka okugcwele okujulile.
• Ukuvuna: Kuvunwa unyaka wonke ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, kodwa kukhethwa kakhulu ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (uJanuwari – Epreli). Itiye langaphambi kwe-Qingming (清明前, ngaphambi kokuqala kuka-Ephreli) linekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.
• Umgomo Wokuvuna: Ibanga elikhethekile: ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga eliqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展); ibanga lokuqala: ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elivuleke ngokuphelele; ibanga lesibili: ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili.
• Izidingo Zezinto Eziwugqinsi: Ukuhlungwa okuqinile ngokusha nangokufana; ukugcinwa kwezinga ‘lezinkomba ezinhlanu zokulawula’ (五标管控, wǔ biāo guǎn kòng): ukulawulwa kwamasimu, umgomo wokuvuna, ukuhlungwa ngokusha nangokufana, ukulawulwa kokugaywa, kanye nezinga lokupakishwa.

4. Inhlabathi Kanye Nezici Zokulima:

Inhlabathi ye-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza ayifani nanoma iyiphi enye emhlabeni jikelele — lona ukuphela kwetiye elikhula esakhiweni senhlabathi esadalwa yimvelo yomkhathi.

• Isayensi Yomhlaba: Umgodi wezinkanyezi wase-Baisha (白沙陨石坑, Báishā Yǔnshí Kēng) wakheka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizi-0.7 edlule ngenxa yokuwa kwe-asteroid. Ububanzi bomgodi ngamakhilomitha ayi-3.5-3.7. Lona wukuphela komgodi wezinkanyezi oqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi eChina, futhi ungomunye wemigodi embalwa emhlabeni lapho kutholakala khona izingcezu ze- impact breccias. Inhlabathi iqukethe amaminerali angu-48 avela emkhathini nasemhlabeni, kuhlanganise namazinga aphezulu e-selenium (okuphindwe kathathu kunenhlabathi ejwayelekile). Okuqukethwe yi-organic matter okungenani yi-15 g/kg, ubukhulu be-humus layer buyi-40-60 cm.
• Ukuphakama lapho kutsalwa khona: Amasimu etiye akhiwe emithambekeni engaphakathi komgodi kanye nasemagqumeni aseduze; ukuphakama okuqondile kuyahlukahluka, kodwa amasimu atholakala ngaphansi kwezinga eliphakeme elinamafu.
• Isimo Sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo se-monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingama-23,4°C (izinguquko zenyanga eziphakathi nendawo zi-16,4-26,9°C). Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku ungaphezu kuka-7°C. Isilinganiso sezimvula ngonyaka simayelana nama-2200 mm (inkathi enkulu yemvula: uMeyi – Okthoba). Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu nezinkungu lidlula ama-260 ngonyaka; ingxenye yokukhanya okusakazekile ingaphezu kuka-75%.
• Inhlabathi: Ingxube eyingqayizivele ye-impact breccias kanye ne-tropical lateritic soils, ecebile ngamaminerali e-meteorite. Okuqukethwe yizinto eziphilayo eziningi kanye nama-microelements kuqinisekisa ukuthi iqabunga letiye likwazi ukukhipha amakhemikhali ngendlela emangalisayo.
• Imvelo: Isembozo sehlathi esifundeni sase-Baisha singama-86%. Amasimu azungezwe ama-mu angu-5000 (cishe amahektha angu-333) ehlathi lemvula elishisayo, elakha umgoqo wemvelo ovikelayo. Ukugcwala kwama-ion amabi kuyi-8000 units/cm³. Imithombo yamanzi ihambelana neSigaba I seZinga Likazwelonke. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezinamakhemikhali azivunyelwe; ingxenye yamasimu iphumelele ekuhlolweni okuphathelene nokulinywa ngokwemvelo okuvela emazweni amane (China, i-EU, i-USA, i-Japan).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Boku kukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza bungaphansi kohlobo ‘lwe-zhēngqīng’ (蒸青 — ukumisa ngesitimu), okuyinto eyenza ifane nolwamanye amasiko etiye laseJapan futhi okuyinto engavamile ematini aluhlaza aseChina. Ukushintshela ebuchwephesheni besitimu ngo-2010 kwaba yisikhathi esibalulekile ekuveleni kwekhwalithi.

• Ukendlalwa Kwamaqabunga Amasha (摊放 — tān fàng): Izinto ezivuniwe zendlalwa ngomugqa omncane amahora ayi-2-4 ukuze kukhishwe umswakama kancane futhi kuqale ukwakheka kwephrofayili yephunga.
• Ukumiswa Ngesitimu / ‘ukubulawa kokuhlaza’ ngesitimu (蒸汽杀青 — zhēngqì shā qīng): Isici esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe. Amaqabunga aphathwa ngesitimu esishisa ngokweqile ezingeni lokushisa eliyi-120-140°C. Ngokungafani nokugazinga epanini noma emgodleni, isitimu siqinisekisa ukuphela kwe-enzyme ngokushesha nangokulingana ngaphandle kokuthinta umlilo, ngokuphelele kuqeda ukubonakala kwamanothi ‘omusi’ noma ‘okushise’. Lobu buchwepheshe babizwa ngokuthi ‘ukuvala ubusha ngesitimu’ (蒸汽锁鲜, zhēngqì suǒ xiān).
• Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukucindezela okulula nokubumba iqabunga libe yizinti eziqinile. Ingcindezi iphakathi nendawo ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka kwamaseli futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa okulawulekayo ngesikhathi sokubilisa.
• Ukomisa Ngezigaba (梯度干燥 — tīdù gānzào): Inqubo enezigaba ezintathu ngokwehliswa kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa: 80°C → 50°C → 40°C. Indlela enjalo iqinisa iphunga nombala ngendlela emnene, ngaphandle kokulimaza izinhlanganisela ezimnene zephunga.
• Izici Zobuchwepheshe: Umjikelezo ophelele ‘kusukela ensimini kuya enkomishini’ umisiwe ngendlela yokulawulwa ‘kwezinkomba ezinhlanu’. Ukupakishwa nge-vacuum kanye nokugcinwa ezindlini ezinokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila okungenani ngezinyanga eziyisi-8 uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko.

6. Izici Ezizwakalayo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Izinti ezisontwe ngokuqina (条索紧结, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié), zigobeke kancane. Umbala — uluhlaza ogcwele okhazimula ngamafutha, kukhona uboya obumhlophe obuphawulekayo (显毫, xiǎn háo). Iqabunga lifana, liqinile.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphezulu, elinamanothi acacile e-kastanethi egazingiwe (栗香, lì xiāng) ezinhlotsheni zasentwasahlobo. Ibanga elikhethekile libonisa iphunga lamacembe e-zongzi (粽叶香, zòng yè xiāng — iphunga leqabunga le-zongzi lomhlanga). Ingilazi ebandayo igcina iphunga imizuzu engaphezu kweyi-8.
• Iphunga lamanzi etiye: Ingqikithi eyinhloko ukusha okupholile (清香, qīng xiāng) okunommoya we-kastanethi. Umnyombo ‘wamaminerali’ oyisici, abathandayo abachaza ngokuthi ‘ukujula komgodi’ (矿韵, kuàng yùn) — umphumela wokugcwala kwamaminerali kakhulu enhlabathini.
• Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele futhi kuthambile ngesikhathi esifanayo (浓醇, nóng chún). Ukusha okukhanyayo (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) ngenxa yokulingana okuhle phakathi kwama-amino acid nama-polyphenol. Ukubuya okusobala kobumnandi (回甘, huí gān). Ubumuncu buncane kakhulu (涩感微弱). Umzimba — ophakathi nendawo uze ugcwale, ngomuzwa ‘wokuminyana kwamaminerali’, ongajwayelekile kumatini amaningi aluhlaza.
• Umbala wamanzi etiye: Oluhlaza ophuzi, okhanyayo nobala (黄绿明亮, huáng lǜ míng liàng). Njengomphumela wokuphuza okunye, umbala uguqukela kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Lithambile, lifana, amaqabunga avuleka ‘njengezimbali’ (嫩匀成朵, nèn yún chéng duǒ). Umbala — oluhlaza okhanyayo, ophilayo; ukuthungwa kuthambile futhi kunamanzi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwekhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuqukethwe — okungenani 28,7% (ezinhlobeni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu). Izinga eliphezulu lama-catechin liqinisekisa amandla amakhulu okulwa nama-oxidant.
• Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Okungenani 3,2%. I-L-theanine ineqhaza elikhulu ekunikezeni ukusha ‘kwe-umami’ kanye nomthelela omuhle wokuvuselela ngokuthambile.
• Isilinganisi Samanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): 43,2% — kudlula kakhulu izinga likazwelonke lamatiye aluhlaza (34%). Lokhu kuchaza ‘ukuminyana’ okungajwayelekile kwetiye eliluhlaza kanye nokuqina okuphakeme ngokuphuza okuningi.
• Umlotha Onyibilika Emanzini (水溶性灰分, shuǐ róngxìng huīfēn): 71,4% — okuphindwe ngaphezu kwesigamu senombolo ejwayelekile (45%), okubonisa ukugcwala kwamaminerali eqabungeni, okuvela enhlabathini yezinkanyezi.
• Ama-Flavonoid (黄酮类, huángtóng lèi): Okuqukethwe kuphindwe kayi-3.2 uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso samanye amatiye aluhlaza.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine — okuqukethwe okujwayelekile ezinhlobeni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ezishisayo (cishe 30-40 mg/g). I-Theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini e-group B, i-Vitamin E. Ukumisa ngesitimu kugcina i-Vitamin C kangcono kunokugazinga.
• Amaminerali: I-Selenium (okuqukethwe kuphindwe kathathu kunenhlabathi ejwayelekile), i-zinc, i-manganese, i-iron, i-phosphorus nokunye — sezizonke, izingxenye zamaminerali ezingaphezu kuka-50.
• Amafutha Abalulekile Nezinhlanganisela Ezinuka Kamnandi: Ubuchwepheshe besitimu bugcina ingxenye enkulu yama-aldehyde ‘aluhlaza’ angashintshi (hexanal, cis-3-hexenol) uma kuqhathaniswa nokugazinga, okunikeza iprofayili enotshani obusha.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umthelela Wokulwa Nama-Oxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kuqinisekisa ukuqedwa ngempumelelo kwama-radical akhululekile. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, amandla e-antioxidant aleli tiye adlula amazinga ejwayelekile etiye eliluhlaza ngama-37%.
• Ukusekela Isimiso Sezinzwa: I-L-theanine yandisa umsebenzi wama-α wave ebuchosheni, igqugquzela umuzwa wokugxila ngokuthula. Ngokwesiko lama-Li, itiye lalisetshenziselwa ‘ukuhlambulula ukushisa nokwehlisa umlilo’ (清热降火, qīng rè jiàng huǒ) — ukuqeda ukukhathazeka kanye nokozela kwentwasahlobo.
• Ukuqinisa Amasotsha Omzimba: Ukukhuphuka kwama-flavonoid kugqugquzela ukusebenza kwamasotsha omzimba.
• Ukusekela Isimiso Senhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi: Ama-catechin asiza ekulinganiseni iphrofayili yamafutha egazini.
• Umthelela Wokuvikela Isibindi: Emithini yendabuko yabantu bakwa-Li, itiye lalisetshenziselwa ukusekela ukusebenza kwesibindi.
• Ukucebisa Ngamaminerali: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium, i-zinc, namanye ama-microelements kugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwazo ekudleni.
• Ukuthuthukisa Ukugaya Ukudla: Okuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwama-tannin kugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kokugaya ngaphandle komthelela omkhulu wokucunula.
• Isimo Sesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant ne-Vitamin C asiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba ekugugeni okubangelwa ukukhanya.

9. Ukuhlanza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80°C (yeka amanzi abilayo aphole imizuzwana engaba yi-90). Ngebanga elikhethekile — 75°C. Akufanele neze kusetshenziswe amanzi abilayo kakhulu: izinga lokushisa eliphezulu licekela phansi i-L-theanine futhi liqinisa ukubaba.
• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu 1:50).
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (透明玻璃杯, tòumíng bōli bēi) — ivumela ukubuka ‘umdanso wamaqabunga’; i-gaiwan yobumba olumhlophe (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwǎn) — igxilisa kangcono iphunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Ukufudumeza Isitsha: Geza ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Ukufaka Itiye Nokuhlala: Indlela yokuthululela okuphakathi nendawo (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamanzi, wehlisa itiye, unyakazise kancane ukuze umanzise iqabunga, ngemuva kwemizuzwana engu-30 yengeza amanzi aze afinyelele ku-7/10 womthamo.
  3. Ukuhlala Kokuqala: Imizuzu emi-2-3.
  4. Ukuhlala Okuphindiwe: I-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza esezingeni eliphezulu ikwazi ukumelana nokuphindwa okungu-3-4 okugcwele, okuyinto engajwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza futhi okubangelwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesisindo samanzi.
• Amanzi: Athambile, angathathi hlangothi noma amuncu kancane. Amanzi ane-alkaline enza umbala kanye nokubonakala kube kubi. Amanzi asezintabeni asempilweni afanelekile.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okugqunywe ngci, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni nasemswakameni. Okuhle kakhulu — efrijini e-0-5°C. Ukupakishwa nge-vacuum kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-18; ekupakisheni okuvalwe ngci, izinyanga eziyi-12.
• Amandla: Itiye lobusha. Libonakala kahle kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zokuqala ngemuva koku kukhiqizwa. Alihlosiwe ukuguga.
• Izincomo: Igcine efrjini kuze kusetshenziswe kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa. Gwema ukusondelana nezinto ezinuka kakhulu. Khipha ingxenye oyisebenzisayo imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokuhlala ukuze iqabunga ‘lijwayele’ izinga lokushisa legumbi.

11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhuhlane:

• Isigaba Sentengo: Ibanga elikhethekile — kusukela kuma-yuan angu-800 nge-jin (500 g); ibanga lokuqala — ama-yuan angu-300-500; ibanga lesibili — lishibhile kakhulu, lisetshenziselwa imakethe enkulu kanye netiye elisemaphaketheni. Itiye elilinywe ngokwemvelo (eliphumelele ukuhlolwa kwamazwe amane) libiza kakhulu kunalelo elijwayelekile.
• Izinto Ezithinta Izinga Lentengo: Ibanga lezinto eziwugqinsi, inkathi yokuvuna (itiye langaphambi kwe-Qingming — leliyona elibiza kakhulu), indawo yesimu (ngaphakathi komgodi — eliphezulu), kanye nokuba khona kokuhlolwa kwemvelo.
• Indlela Yokugwema Imikhuhlane:
  • Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe abanokuqinisekiswa kwendawo okuvela kuyo (地理标志, dìlǐ biāozhì) kanye nophawu oluthi ‘白沙绿茶’.
  • Hlola amanzi etiye: i-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza yangempela inikeza amanzi aphuzi-oluhlaza, akhanyayo nobala, anomkhondo ocacile ‘wamaminerali’, nokuqina okukhulu ngokuphuza okuningi.
  • Hlaziya iphunga: lihlanzekile, alinawo amanothi ‘omusi’ noma ‘okushise’ (ubuchwepheshe besitimu buyaqeda). Ukuba khona kwephunga lomusi kuwuphawu lomgunyathi noma itiye elisezingeni eliphansi.
  • Bheka ukuma kweqabunga: amaqabunga asontwe ngokuqina, afanayo anoboya obuphawulekayo. Iqabunga elikhululekile, elingafani liyisizathu sokungabaza.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokweqile (engaphansi kwayi-200 yuan nge-jin ‘yebanga elikhethekile’) icishe iqinisekise umgunyathi: ubukhulu bamasimu bunomkhawulo, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwonyaka kungamathani angama-25 kuphela.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• Okuwukuphela Kwe tiye ‘lomkhathi’: I-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza iyitiye ukuphela kwalo emhlabeni elitshalwa enhlabathini yomgodi wezinkanyezi. Umgodi wezinkanyezi wase-Baisha uwukuphela komgodi oqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi eChina futhi ungomunye wemigodi elondolozwe kahle kakhulu e-Asia.
• ‘Itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo eChina’: Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan, ukuvunwa kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaZibandlela — ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, emasontweni ama-1-3 ngaphambi kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo yoku lima itiye eChina. Itiye lase-Hainan ‘lelokuqala’ kakhulu ezweni.
• Isiphuzo Sobundlondlobala: Ngo-2011, i-Báishā Luhlaza yakhethwa njengophuzo olusemthethweni lwe-Boao Forum for Asia — umhlangano omkhulu wezomnotho wamazwe ase-Asia, owenzelwa e-Hainan.
• Amazwe Amanye—Inhlolovo Eyodwa: Ingxenye yamasimu (ikakhulukazi i-‘Wǔlǐlù’), iphumelele ukuhlolwa koku lima ngokwemvelo okuvela eziphathimandleni ezine: China, i-European Union, i-USA, ne-Japan — lokhu akuvamile neze etiyeni laseChina.
• Amaminerali angu-48 Avela Emkhathini: Ezingcezweni ze-impact breccias zomgodi we-Baisha, kutholakale izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-48 zamaminerali; emhlabathini ozungezile — ngaphezu kuka-50. Yileli nalawo maminerali okuqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu ngokungajwayelekile ezingeni lamanzi asemkhiqizweni (43,2%) nomlotha oncibilikayo (71,4%).

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye elidume ‘ngesitimu’ (蒸青) eliluhlaza elivela esifundazweni sase-Hubei — elinye lamatiye ambalwa aseChina afana nalo ngokwendlela yokumisa. I-Yùlù ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezinamaqabunga amancane ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingama-800-1200 m, inesimo ‘sokugoba’ esigqamile nephunga elimnandi lotshani. I-Yǔnkēng Lühlaza — inomzimba omningi kakhulu futhi inambitheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuyi-assamica kanye nomhlabathi ocebile ngamaminerali.
• Isencha/Gyokuro YaseJapan: Ukumisa ngesitimu kwenza i-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza ifane nosiko lwaseJapan. Kodwa-ke, itiye lase-Hainan lisebenzisa izinhlobo ze-assamica ezishisayo, kanti amatiye aseJapan — izinhlobo ze-sinensis. Umphumela — i-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza ‘inamandla’ ngokwengeziwe, inamaminerali agqamile, kanti i-sencha — ithambile kakhudlwana, igxile ekunambithekeni kwe-umami.
• Lúshān Yúnwù (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Itiye eliluhlaza elikhula ezigodini eziphakeme zase-Jiangxi. Ukumisa ngokugazinga, umzimba opholile, amanothi ezimbali nezimbila. I-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza iminyene kakhulu, inephunga le-kastanethi eliqinile kanye nomkhondo oyingqayizivele ‘wamaminerali’.
• Shuǐmǎn Lühluza (水满绿茶, Shuǐmǎn Lǜchá): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hainan elivela esifundeni sase-Wuzhishan, elenziwe ngezinto ezi-assamica zasendle. Lihlukile ngokuthi liyinkimbinkimbi, ‘linekhaya lasendle’, futhi linokubuya okunamandla kobumnandi. I-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza — icwengile kakhulu futhi imisiwe, inephrofayili ecacile ‘yesitimu’.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza iyitiye eline-terroir engokoqobo yomkhathi. Eminyakeni engama-700,000 edlule, into yasezulwini yapha lesi siqephu somhlaba oshisayo ingcebo yamaminerali engatholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Eminyakeni eyinkulungwane kamuva, okhokho babantu bakwa-Li bathola amandla okwelapha eqabunga letiye lendawo. Futhi abakhiqizi besimanje bathuthukise ikhwalithi yaze yafinyelela ezingeni elifanele izingqungquthela zomhlaba kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo okuvela emazweni amane. Eliminyene, elinamaminerali, ‘elinokujula’ okungajwayelekile komzimba wetiye eliluhlaza kanye nokuqina ekuhlaleni izikhathi eziningi — i-Yǔnkēng Luhlaza inikeza isipiliyoni esingatholakali kunoma yiliphi elinye itiye eliluhlaza emhlabeni. Leli yitiye lalabo abangagcini nje ngokunambitha ngokunambitha, kodwa nabangakholwa umlando osemuva kwenkomishi ngayinye.