Yuèyáng Huáng Chá Zhuān

I-Yuèyáng Huáng Chá Zhuān (岳阳黄茶砖, Yuèyáng huáng chá zhuān) ingenye yamachashazi angavamile futhi angajwayelekile esikweni laseShayina. Letiye liyi-chaza eliphenjiwe eliphuzi (紧压黄茶, jǐnyā huángchá), eliqukethe “imbali yegolide” (金花, jīn huā) — amakholoni esikhunta esilusizo Eurotium cristatum, okwakuthi kuze kube manje ahlotshaniswa kuphela namachashazi amnyama (黑茶, hēi chá). Empeleni, i-Yuèyáng Huáng Chá Zhuān iw’ibhuloho’ phakathi kwemihlaba emibili yamachashazi: ubumhlophe nobusha betiye eliphuzi, kanye nokujula, ikhono lokugcinwa isikhathi eside kanye ‘nokuvuthwa’ okuyisici samachashazi amnyama. Ifomula yayo ithi — “isitini segolide, iqabunga le-jade, ukunambitheka kwe-aprikot, ubumnandi bezinyosi, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside ukuvuthwa” (金砖玉叶、杏汤醇厚、陈韵绵长).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: I-chaza eliphuzi eliphenjiwe (紧压黄茶, jǐnyā huángchá). Ngokusemthethweni lingesigaba se-chaza eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá), kodwa ngokomnotho lihlanganisa izakhi ezivamile ku-hēi chá — ikakhulu ‘ukukhula kwembali’ (发花, fā huā) kusetshenziswa i-Eurotium cristatum. Lokhu kwenza leli tiye libe yingqayizivele emngceleni wamakilasi amabili.
• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo ophindiwe (再加工茶, zài jiāgōng chá) osuselwe ku-máochá ophuzi we-Yuèyáng. Kuyisigaba esibalulekile somkhiqizo onophawu lendawo oluvikelwe ‘Yuèyáng Huang Cha’ (lwabhaliswa ngo-2014).
• Umsuka: I-China, iSifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), idolobha lase-Yuèyáng (岳阳, Yuèyáng), iSifunda sase-Jūnshān (君山区, Jūnshān Qū).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 112°18′–114°09′ E, 28°25′–29°51′ N (ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhiqiza ‘Yuèyáng Huang Cha’).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando:

Umlando wangaphambi kwe-Qing: itiye eliphenjiwe lombuso. Izimpande ze-chaza eliphenjiwe eliphuzi lase-Yuèyáng zisukela esikweni leminikelo yakwa-Qing (贡茶, gòngchá). Ngokwe- “Baling County Annals” yesikhathi iMbusi u-Guangxù (光绪, Guāngxù, 1875–1908): “Isitini setiye sase-Jūnshān — intela yaminyaka yonke — amakhilogremu ayishumi nesishiyagalombili” (君山茶砖，岁贡十八斤). Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi indlela yokuphenja yetiye lase-Yuèyáng yayikhona ngekhulu le-19, futhi mhlawumbe nangaphambi kwalokho: i-Tang “Yīnghú Hán Gāo” (灉湖含膏) kwakuyi-“tiye paste” eliphenjiwe.

Iminyaka yawo-1980: ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Indlela yesimanje yesitini esiphuzi sase-Yuèyáng yanqunywa ngeminyaka yawo-1980, lapho i-Jūnshān Tea Factory (君山茶厂, Jūnshān Cháchǎng) idala indlela emisha ‘yokuvutshelwa okunezigaba zokwenyusa umswakana’ (梯次增湿发酵法, tīcì zēng shī fājiào fǎ), okuyindlela evumele ukulawula inqubo ‘yokukhula kwembali’ kutiyeni eliphuzi — ubuchwepheshe ngaphambilini obabusetshenziswa kuphela emachazini amnyama (fúzhuān chá). Le ndlela yaqinisekisa ukwakheka okungaphindaphindeka ‘kwembali yegolide’ (Eurotium cristatum) phakathi kwetiye eliphenjiwe eliphuzi, kanye nokuziphendukela okulawulwa ukunambitheka lapho kugcinwa.

Ikhulu lama-21: ukuqashelwa. Ngo-2001, itiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe lafakwa ku-“Jūnshān Gold Series” (君山黄金系列) — ulayini wemikhiqizo ephambili. Ngo-2014, lapho kutholwa uphawu lwendawo ‘Yuèyáng Huang Cha’, indlela yokuphenja yahlanganiswa ngokusemthethweni njengesigaba esizimele. Ngo-2023, itiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe lase-Yuèyáng lathola indondo yegolide emqhudelwaneni we-National Yellow Tea Competition (中国黄茶斗茶大赛) njengesigaba esizimele.

• Igama:
  • “Yuèyáng” (岳阳) — idolobha elise-Lake Dongting.
  • “Huáng Chá” (黄茶) — itiye eliphuzi.
  • “Zhuān” (砖) — isitini. Kukhomba kwisimo sokuphenja.
  • Amagama ezohwebo nawo ayasetshenziswa: “Yuèyáng Míngpiàn” (岳阳茗片 — “ama-card etiye ase-Yuèyáng”), “Huángjīn Zhuān” (黄金砖 — “isitini segolide”).
• Ukubaluleka kwesiko:

Isitini esiphuzi sase-Yuèyáng sibekwa ngokuthi “yi-antique ewuketshezi eqoqiweyo” (可收藏的液态古董, kě shōucáng de yètài gǔdǒng) kanye “nesilinganiso sokuvuthwa kwetiye eliphuzi” (黄茶陈化标杆). Uma amachashazi aphuzi ase-Yuèyáng angahlangene engumfanekiso wobusha ne-entwasahlobo, khona isitini siw’“isimo sase-Yuèyáng esifana neso, kodwa sibonwa nge-lens yesikhathi”. Ukuba khona kwezindlela ezimbili — ezingahlangene nephelele — kudala, ngokwamazwi ezingcweti zetiye zase-Yuèyáng, “i-ecosystem yokuhlanganiswa kwe-value yetiye eliphuzi” (黄茶品类的完整价值生态链), lapho ubusha nokuvuthwa kuhambisana.

3. Ukuchazwa Kwezitshalo Nempahla Engavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Kusetshenziswa ama-cultivar afanayo nawo wonke ulayini wamachashazi aphuzi ase-Yuèyáng: Zhū Yè Qí (槠叶齐), Bì Xiāng Zǎo (碧香早), Huáng Jīn Chá (黄金茶), nokunye. Kodwa-ke esitini, kukhethwa izinhlobo ezinamahlamvu amakhulu, kuhlanganisa ne-Táo Yuán Dà Yè (桃源大叶).
• Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla. Etiyeni eliphenjiwe, iqabunga elivuthwe kakhudlwana nelikhulile liyavunyelwa kunetiye elingahlangene.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ikakhulu ihlumela elilodwa — amaqabunga amathathu kuya kwamane (一芽三至四叶) — okungcolile kakhulu kunetiye elingahlangene lase-Yuèyáng (ihlumela elilodwa — iqabunga elilodwa). Amaqabunga amakhulu avuthiwe anqwabelanisa ama-polysaccharide etiye amaningi (茶多糖) kanye nezinto zamaminerali, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni komzimba wokunambitheka kanye namandla okuvuthwa.
• I-semifakthi yokuqala: I-máochá ephuzi yesigaba “huáng dà chá” (黄大茶 — “itiye eliphuzi elinamahlamvu amakhulu”), ephinde yaphindwa ngokuvamile ‘ngokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili’. Ngakho-ke, isitini singumkhiqizo wokuphinda kusebenze itiye eliphuzi eselivele likhona.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe lase-Yuèyáng zivela ezindaweni ezifanayo nezamachashazi aphuzi angahlangene ase-Yuèyáng: ezindawo ezizungeze iLake Dongting, iSifunda sase-Jūnshān, i-Línxiāng, i-Píngjiāng, i-Huáróng. Inhlabathi ebomvu nokuphuzi i-laterite (pH 4.0–6.0), okuqukethwe yi-organic ≥1.5%, okuqukethwe yi-selenium okuphezulu (0.82 mg/kg).

Kodwa-ke, esitini akuyona nje i-terroir yokutshala ebalulekile, kepha futhi “i-terroir yokuvuthwa” — indawo encane ngaphakathi kwe-block eliphenjiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuphenjwa, kwakheka isakhiwo esiminyene, lapho ngaphakathi kusungulwa i-microclimate yako: izinga lokushisa ~25±3°C, umswakama ~70±5%. Yile mibandela eqinisekisa ukukhula kwe-Eurotium cristatum kanye nokuguqulwa okuhamba kancane kwezinto lapho kugcinwa — inqubo engenzeki etiyeni elingahlangene.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe betiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe lase-Yuèyáng — inqubo enezigaba eziningi, ehlanganisa ukucutshungulwa okujwayelekile kwetiye eliphuzi ngendlela yokuphenja ‘nokuqhakaza’ ebolisiwe (futhi eyenziwe yavumelana) ekukhiqizeni i-fúzhuān chá (茯砖茶).

Isigaba I: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-máochá ephuzi (黄毛茶)

Ukucutshungulwa okujwayelekile ‘kokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili’ (双闷黄): ukushisa kancane → ukugazinga → ukubiliswa kokuqala → ukusonga → ukubiliswa kwesibili → ukomisa. I-máochá eseyilungile iyathunyelwa ekucutshungulweni kwesibili.

Isigaba II: Ukuqeda kahle (精制, jīng zhì)

I-máochá idlula ezigabeni zokuhluzwa (筛分, shāi fēn), ukusikwa (切轧, qiē yà), ukwahlukanisa ngomoya (风选, fēng xuǎn), ukukhipha izinto ngokuthinta ngesandla (拣剔, jiǎn tī), kanye nokuhlanganisa (拼堆, pīn duī). Injongo ukufezekisa ukufana, ukuhlanzeka, kanye nephrofayili enqunyiwe ye-batch.

Isigaba III: ‘Ukuvutshelwa okunezigaba zokwenyusa umswakana’ (梯次增湿发酵)

Ukuqamba kwe-Jūnshān Tea Factory ngeminyaka yawo-1980. I-máochá eseyicwengisiwe yengezelwa umswakana ngezigaba ezimbalwa (ngezigaba), ukuze kudaleke izimo zokukhula kwe-Eurotium cristatum. Izinga lokushisa nomswakana kulawulwa isigaba ngesigaba, kukhuphulwa futhi kwehliswa, — yilapho kuvela khona ‘ukunezigaba’ (梯次, tīcì). Le ndlela yehluke kakhulu kunokuswama ‘okushayayo’ okusetshenziswa ku-hēi chá: inqubo ethambile futhi ehamba kancane igcina isimo setiye eliphuzi (ukuthamba, ubumnandi, ukungabi nakubaba), ngesikhathi esifanayo iqala ukukhula ‘kwembali yegolide’.

Isigaba IV: Ukuphenja (紧压定型, jǐnyā dìng xíng)

I-semifakthi elungisiwe iyabilisa (蒸茶, zhēng chá) ukuze ithambe, bese ifakwa efomini futhi iphenjwe ngesitini noma ama-bing. Ubuningi bokuphenjwa — ipharamitha ebalulekile: uma kuminyene kakhulu — “imbali” ngeke ikhule; uma kuxega kakhulu — isitini sizokwehla futhi asiyukudala i-microclimate edingekayo.

Isigaba V: ‘Ukukhula kwembali’ (发花, fā huā)

Izitini ezisanda kuphenjwa zifakwa egumbini elikhethekile elilawulwa izinga lokushisa (~28–30°C) nomswakama (~75–85%) izinsuku eziyi-7–15. Ngaphakathi kwesitini, amakholoni we-Eurotrium cristatum aqala ukukhula — amachashazi ayindilinga asagolide abonakala ngeso lenyama lapho isitini sihlukaniswa. Lesi sikhunta sikhipha uchungechunge lwama-enzyme: ama-amylase (aphendula isitashi sibe ushukela), ama-oxidase (okhipha amanoni ama-polyphenol ngenhliziyo, asuse ubaba obunzima), nama-cellulase. Imikhiqizo ye-metabolism yawo yakha “iphunga lezimbali-zekhunta” eliyingqayizivele (菌花香, jūn huā xiāng), elingekho etiyeni eliphuzi elingahlangene. I-Eurotium cristatum “iyinkosi” enamandla: ukuba khona kwayo kuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane angafuneki, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-microbiological komkhiqizo.

Isigaba VI: Ukomisa (烘干, hōng gān)

Izitini zomiswa ngezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi kuze kube umswakama ≤8%, kufakwa isimo futhi ‘kufakwe uphawu’ kwe-microflora ngaphakathi.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

• Isimo sangaphandle: Isimo sesitini esinobuso obulungile, izisekelo ezicacile. Ubuso — buningi, bushelelezi, bunomunwe wegolide woboya (金毫显露). Lapho isitini sihlukaniswa, kuyabonakala amachashazi agolide ngaphakathi — amakholoni we-Eurotrium cristatum (“imbali yegolide”). Ubuningi nokugqama kwawo kuyinkomba yekhwalithi: ebangeni eliphakeme “ukuqhakaza” kuminyene futhi kulingene.
• Iphunga letiye elomile: Kunamandla “iphunga lezimbali-elivutshiwe” (酵花香, jiào huā xiāng) — inothi eliyinkimbinkimbi, ezalwa yi-metabolism ye-Eurotrium cristatum ngaphakathi kwesitini setiye. Ngokungeziwe — ubumnandi be-caramel (焦糖香, jiāo táng xiāng), obuvela lapho kuncishiswa ngezigaba. Emasampuleni amadala kuneminyaka emithathu, kuvela “chénxiāng” (陈香) — iphunga lokuvuthwa elinamanothi ezithelo ezomile nezenkuni ezihloniphekile.
• Ukunambitheka: Ifomula ithi — “醇厚浓强” (chún hòu nóng qiáng — “ethambile-emnandi, egcwele, enamandla”). Lokhu kuwukunambitheka okuyisisekelo “okunzima” nokuminyene kakhulu kunetiye elingahlangene lase-Yuèyáng. “Uhlaka” lwakhiwe ama-polyphenol (≥30.5% — okuphakeme kakhulu kunetiye elingahlangene, ~24.7%). “Ukugcwaliswa” — ubumnandi be-caramel obuvela kuma-polysaccharide (7.2%). “Ubusha” bemaminerali — obuvela ezintweni “ezicindezelwe” ngokuphenjwa ezinsaleleni zechibi. Ukunambitheka kwangemva — kude, nobumnandi obucacile “huí gān”.
• Umbala wokunambitheka: I-apricot ephuzi ejulile (深杏黄) kuya ku-amber (琥珀色) — ubumnyama obubonakalayo futhi obugcwele kunetiye elingahlangene lase-Yuèyáng (杏黄至橙黄). Ukunambitheka — kusobala, kukhanya.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Okunsundu-okuphuzi (褐黄), okulingene, okukhazimulayo. Amaqabunga — anamanzi, athambile, ayelastiki (amakhulu kakhulu futhi awugqinsi kunetiye elingahlangene lase-Yuèyáng).

7. I-Composition Yamakhemikhali:

Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali yesitini esiphuzi sase-Yuèyáng ihluke kakhulu kunetiye elingahlangene ngenxa yomthelela we-Eurotium cristatum nokuphenjwa.

• Ama-polyphenol: ≥30.5% wesithako esomile — aphakeme kunaku-Yuèyáng huáng chá elingahlangene (~24.7%). Lokhu kuxaka kuchazwa ngokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinamahlamvu amakhulu (huáng dà chá) ekuqaleni ziqukethe ama-polyphenol amaningi, kanti i-Eurotium cristatum iwaguqula kancane, ingawonakalisi.
• Ama-polysaccharide: 7.2% — inombolo ephakeme kakhulu, idlula kakhulu ijwayelekile emachazini angahlangene. Yilezi polysaccharides ezakha umzimba oqinile, ogxilile wokunambitheka futhi zilethe ubumnandi be-caramel.
• Imikhiqizo ye-metabolism ye-Eurotium cristatum: Ama-amylase, ama-oxidase, ama-cellulase — ama-enzyme aqhubeka aguqula kancane ukwakheka kwetiye lapho kugcinwa. I-Lovastatin — i-inhibitor yemvelo ye-HMG-CoA reductase, okungenzeka ibambe iqhaza ekulawuleni i-lipid metabolism. Ama-polysaccharide angaphandle kweseli esikhunta — anakho ukusebenza kwe-bioactive.
• Ama-alkaloid: I-Caffeine — 2.5–4.5% wesithako esomile (okuqukethwe kuyalinganiswa netiye elingahlangene).
• Ama-amino acid: Okuqukethwe kuphansi kunetiye elingahlangene elenziwe ngezinto ezinhle (amaqabunga amakhulu aqongelela ama-amino acid amancane), kodwa kwanele ekwakheni ubumnandi nokuthamba.
• Amaminerali: Okuphakeme kwe-selenium, i-zinc, i-potassium — okuyisibonakaliso se-geochemistry yomhlabathi wechibi lase-Dongting, okugcizelelwe umphumela ‘wokucindezela amaminerali’ ngesikhathi sokuphenjwa.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukusekela ukugaya: I-Eurotium cristatum ikhipha ama-amylase nama-protease, asiza ekuhlakazeni ukudla. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polysaccharide kumboza ulwelwesi lwesisu, kunciphise ukuphazamiseka.
• Ukulawula i-lipid metabolism: Umthelela ohlangene: ama-polyphenol, i-lovastatin (umkhiqizo we-metabolism yesikhunta), nama-polysaccharide angaphandle kweseli e-Eurotium cristatum — “amahlombe” amathathu amandla okulawula ama-lipid.
• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kunikeza ukuvikelwa okunamandla kwe-antioxidant, okuqhathanisekwa namachashazi amahle aluhlaza.
• Ukulawula izinga loshukela egazini: Ama-polysaccharide etiye nama-polyphenol ngokuhlanganyela anomthelela ekuzweleni kwe-insulin.
• Ukusekela i-microflora yamathumbu: I-Eurotium cristatum inamandla e-prebiotic, isiza ekwakheni indawo yamathumbu enhle.
• Umphumela omncane we-tonic: I-caffeine ehlangene nama-amino acid inikeza ukukhuthala ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibukhali.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100°C (amanzi abilayo) — itiye eliphenjiwe lidinga amanzi ashisayo kunaleli elingahlangene.
• Inani letiye: 5–7 g nge-150 ml.
• Isitsha: I-gàiwān yobumba (盖碗) noma i-kettle yobumba (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) — izindonga eziqinile zigcina ukushisa, okudingekayo ukuze kuvele iqabunga eliphenjiwe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Hlukanisa inani elidingekayo esitini ngommese wetiye (茶刀, chá dāo) noma nge-awl (茶针, chá zhēn). Zama ukungaphuli iqabunga.
  2. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
  3. Faka itiye. Ukuchithwa kokuqala — ngamanzi abilayo, imizuzwana eyi-8–10, khipha amanzi. Lokhu “ukuvusa” (醒茶, xǐng chá) iqabunga eliphenjiwe.
  4. Ukuchithwa kwesibili — futhi imizuzwana eyi-8–10, khipha amanzi. Ukuchithwa okugezayo okubili kususa uthuli lwephenja futhi “kuvuse” iqabunga.
  5. Ukuchithwa kwesithathu (okokusebenza kokuqala) — imizuzwana eyi-10–15. Ukunambitheka — i-apricot-amber ejulile, nobumnandi be-caramel kanye nethoni lezimbali-zekhunta.
  6. Ukuchithwa okulandelayo — yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyi-5–10.
  7. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside — ukuchithwa okuyi-8–12 nangaphezulu.
  8. Ukupheka (煮饮, zhǔ yǐn): Ngemva kokuphelelwa ukuchithwa (noma esikhundleni sakho), itiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe liphekwa kahle kakhulu. 5–7 g nge-500 ml wamanzi, kulethele ebilini, kuphekwe imizuzu emi-3–5. Ukunambitheka okuphekiwe — kuminyene, kumnandi, kwephunga elijulile lokuvuthwa.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukwehluka okuyisisekelo kunetiye eliphuzi elingahlangene: isitini sase-Yuèyáng asidingi isiqandisi futhi siba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (越陈越香, yuè chén yuè xiāng — “the older the more fragrant”).

• Izimo: Indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama, enomoya omuhle. Izinga lokushisa — 20–30°C. Umswakama — 50–70%. Akukho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nephunga langaphandle.
• Isitsha: Iphepha le-cotton noma ikhathoni; kuvunyelwe ukugcinwa ngaphandle kwe-package (isitini “siyaphefumula”). Ungasebenzisi ama-plastic e-valwe ngokuphelele — “imbali yegolide” idinga ukushintshaniswa komoya okuncane.
• Ukuvela lapho kugcinwa:
  • Okusha (kuze kube ngunyaka owodwa): Kunamandla iphunga “lezimbali-elivutshiwe”. Ukunambitheka — okuqhakazile, nobaba olula.
  • Eminyakeni engu-1–3: Iphunga lincipha, kuvele ithoni lezithelo ezomile. Ubaba luyaphela, ubumnandi buyanda.
  • Eminyakeni engu-3–7: “Chénxiāng” ovuthiwe — iphunga lokuvuthwa. Ukunambitheka — kuminyene, kwezinyosi, ngenqolobane ye-caramel. Umzimba — uvelvety.
  • Eminyakeni engu-7+: Iphunga “lezitshalo zokwelapha” (药香, yào xiāng). Ukunambitheka — okuthambe ngokwedlulele, okumbondayo, okunokunambitheka okuhamba kancane okunesikhathi eside okufudumele.
• Isikhathi sokugcina: Asinqunyelwe uma izimo zilandelwa. Itiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe lase-Yuèyáng — omunye wamachashazi aphuzi ambalwa avumela ukuvuthwa iminyaka eminingi (okungenzeka amashumi eminyaka).

11. Intengo Nokungamampunge:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye ephakathi nephezulu. Amachashazi aphuzi aphenjiwe ase-Yuèyáng, njengomthetho, abiza kakhulu kunama-Yuèyáng Huáng Yè angahlangene, kodwa ayabiza kancane kune-Jūnshān Yín Zhēn. Amasampuli avuthiwe (5+ iminyaka) — ingxenye yokuqoqa ephambili.
• Ungabagwema kanjani amampunge:
  • “Imbali yegolide” — ingaphakathi, hhayi ngaphandle. I-Eurotium cristatum yangempela (金花) iwamachashazi agolide ayindilinga, akhula ngaphakathi kwesitini, ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga etiye. Abonakala uma isitini sihlukaniswa. Isikhunta (黄曲霉) siwuhlobo “loboya” ngaphezulu kwesitini, olulahleka kalula futhi luhungelwe.
  • Ukunambitheka — kucacile, akukho lutho olufiphele. Umbala we-apricot-amber ojulile — uvamile. Ukunambitheka okufiphele, okunsundu okumnyama — kuwuphawu lokulinyazwa isikhunta noma ukwephula ubuchwepheshe.
  • Iphunga — lihlanzekile, alinamunyu. Kufanele kube “nezimbali-zekhunta” (菌花香) nenothi le-caramel. Iphunga elimunyu, elimunyu noma “lenhlanzi” — liyiphutha.
  • Ubuso besitini — bulungile, buqinile. Isitini esiwayo, esixegayo — ukwephula ukuphenjwa, itiye elinjalo ngeke lidale indawo encane efanele “yokuqhakaza”.
  • Amaphepha. Isitini sangempela esiphuzi sase-Yuèyáng kufanele sibe nomaka oqinisekisa umsuka endaweni enophawu lwendawo ‘Yuèyáng Huang Cha’.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Itiye eliphuzi eline “mbali” yetiye elimnyama. I-Yuèyáng Huáng Chá Zhuān ingomunye wamachashazi ambalwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesigaba se-hēi chá, okuhloselwe wona ukusebenzisa i-Eurotium cristatum. “Imbali yegolide” yayiwuphawu “lwekhadi lezivakashi” le-fúzhuān chá yase-Hunan (茯砖茶) futhi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ayinakukhiqizwa ngaphandle kwetiye elimnyama. Amakhosi ase-Yuèyáng afakazela ukuthi i-Eurotium cristatum “ingahlanganiswa” nakutiyeni eliphuzi — uma nje kulandelwa izilinganiso eziqinile zokuvutshelwa okunezigaba.

• “I-antique ewuketshezi”. Itiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe lase-Yuèyáng — omunye wamachashazi aphuzi ambalwa emhlabeni ongaqoqwa futhi ugcinwe iminyaka, ngokufana ne-shēng pǔ’ěr noma itiye elimhlophe elidala. Ekuhwebeni, lithola igama lokukhuluma eliyinkondlo “i-antique ewuketshezi” (液态古董).

• Ukuvuselelwa kwe-“Yīnghú Hán Gāo”. Izingcweti zetiye zase-Yuèyáng zesimanje zibheka ubuchwepheshe betiye eliphuzi eliphenjiwe njengendlela “yokubuyisela” i-Tang yasendulo “Yīnghú Hán Gāo” (灉湖含膏) — itiye eliphenjiwe, elake labhekwa njengalahlekile. Ukuphenjwa kwe-máochá ephuzi okuhambisana “nokuqhakaza” kwakho, ngokombono wezazi-mlando zetiye, kuwukuhunyushwa kwesimanje kwalokho obekungenzeka ngethiye laseTang lapho ligcinwa isikhathi eside.

• Izindlela ezimbili — “i-ecosystem” eyodwa. Izingcweti zetiye zase-Yuèyáng zigcizelela ukuthi itiye eliphuzi elingahlangene neliphenjiwe — akuzona izimbangi, kepha “ukuhambisana kwesikhashana” komunye nomunye: elingahlangene — lokuthokozela ubusha, isitini — lohambo esikhathini. Ndawonye zenza “i-ecosystem ephelele ye-value” yetiye eliphuzi.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amachashazi:

• I-Yuèyáng Huáng Chá engahlangene (岳阳黄茶 —散茶): Umkhiqizo ohlobene, kodwa owenziwe ngezinto ezithambile (ihlumela elilodwa — amaqabunga amabili). Iphunga — “jiào xiāng” kanye “nenqoba” (i-fermentative ne-chestnut). Ukunambitheka — kulula, okusha, “甘醇鲜爽”. Ukunambitheka — i-apricot ekhanyayo. Ukugcinwa — esiqandisini, izinyanga eziyi-12–18. Ukwehluka okukhulu: akukho “mbali yegolide” kanye nokungakwazi ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside.

• I-Ānhuà Fúzhuān Chá (安化茯砖茶, Ānhuà Fúzhuān Chá): I-analogue eseduze ye-technological ngokuba khona kwe-Eurotium cristatum. Kodwa lena i-hēi chá (itiye elimnyama): izinto zokusetshenziswa — i-máochá emnyama (ibanga lesithathu), edlule ekujikeni okukhulu (渥堆). Ukunambitheka — kunzima, “kunzima kakhulu”, kunethoni “lomhlabathi” eliqinile. Ukunambitheka — okubomvu-okunsundu. Isitini esiphuzi sase-Yuèyáng — sithambile, sikhanyisa, sinoshukela, sinokusha “okuphuzi” okugciniwe.

• I-Qiān Liǎng Chá (千两茶, Qiān Liǎng Chá): “Itiye lamakhulu ayizinkulungwane” lase-Hunan — i-hēi chá eliphenjiwe elikhulu eliyinsika. Futhi liqukethe i-microflora, kodwa yokwakheka okuhlukile (ukuqhakaza okulawulwa kancane). Ukunambitheka — okunamandla, “okwentuthu”. Kuyisiyingi esisha ngokuphelele.

• Itiye Elimhlophe Elidala (老白茶, Lǎo Báichá): Lingalinganiswa ngomqondo ‘wokuvuthwa lapho kugcinwa’, kodwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-Eurotium cristatum. Ukuvela kwetiye elimhlophe elidala — yi-oxidative kuphela. Isitini esiphuzi sase-Yuèyáng — si-microbiological. Amaphrofayili wokunambitheka ahlukene: itiye elimhlophe elidala — “elinyosi-elisukelayo”; isitini sase-Yuèyáng — “i-caramel-i-khunta”.

• I-Shēng Pǔ’ěr (生普洱, Shēng Pǔ’ěr): Futhi itiye eliphenjiwe, eliba ngcono ngokukhula. Kodwa i-shēng pǔ’ěr — ngokokuhlukaniswa, itiye eliluhlaza “晒青” elenziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinkulu zase-Yunnan, ngaphandle “kokuqhakaza” okuhlosiwe. I-microflora ye-shēng pǔ’ěr yakheka ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kugcinwa. Isitini sase-Yuèyáng — sine-Eurotium cristatum “elawulwayo”. Imihlaba yokunambitheka ihlukene, kodwa ifilosofi “yetiye elikhula esikhathini” iyafana.

Ngokuphetha:

Isitini setiye eliphuzi lase-Yuèyáng — siyisilingo esinesibindi nesiphumelele emngceleni wemihlaba emibili yamachashazi. Ukuthatha ukuthamba nobumnandi betiye eliphuzi futhi kuhlanganiswe nokujula kanye nethuba lesikhathi selinyama, amakhosi ase-Yuèyáng adale umkhiqizo ongenawo ama-analogue aqondile: itiye elingaphuzwa namuhla — futhi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili lithole isiphuzo esisha ngokuphelele kulo. Kulabo abathanda umqondo “wetiye eliphilayo” — itiye eliqhubeka nokuthuthuka ekhabetheni — isitini segolide sase-Yuèyáng siyoba yisambulo nomngane omude.