Yuānān Huáng Chá · new.thetea.app

Yuānān Huáng Chá (远安黄茶, Yuǎnān huángchá) — itiye eliphuzi elivela “esifundazweni sokuqala se-Chájīng” (陆羽《茶经》第一县), okuwukuphela kommeleli wetiye eliphuzi lase-Hubei futhi omunye “wamatiye amakhulu amane aphuzi ase-China” kanye no-Jūnshān Yínzhēn, Měngdǐng Huángyá, no-Huòshān Huángyá. Igama lasendulo lalo ngu-Lù Yuán Chá (鹿苑茶, “Itiye Lengadi Yezinyamazane”), elinikezwe ithempeli lamaBuddha i-Lù Yuán Sì (鹿苑寺), elasungulwa ngesikhathi se-Southern Song ezintabeni zase-Lùxīshān, lapho izindela zaqala ukutshala itiye ngo-1225. I-Yuānān Huáng Chá inamakhadi amabili avakashelayo angatholakali kunoma yiliphi elinye itiye eliphuzi: “huánzi jiǎo” (环子脚, “imilenze eyindandatho”) — ukusonteka kwamaqabunga omile okunjengezindandatho, kanye “no-yúzǐ pào” (鱼子泡, “amabhamuza amancane kakhulu”) — amabhamuza amancane kakhulu ebusweni beqabunga avela ngesikhathi sokugazinga. Ubuchwepheshe balo buhlanganisa into eyingqayizivele esifundazweni sase-Hubei yokubilisa ngenqwaba (闷堆, mēn duī) ngaphansi kwendwangu emanzi ye-hemp amahora angu-18–24 ngokuphendula kathathu, bese umiswa kokugcina ngamalahle kaphayini (松木炭火), okunikeza itiye iphunga eliyingqayizivele “lesūnyān xiāng” (松烟香, iphunga lentuthu kaphayini) — umkhondo omncane ohloniphekile wentuthu, owenza lihlobane kakhulu ne-Lapsang Souchong kunamanye amatiye aphuzi.

1. Isigaba Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá), elibilisiwe kancane. Lingaphansi kwesigaba esincane “setiye eliphuzi elincane” (黄小茶, huáng xiǎo chá) — elenziwe ngeqhuzu elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili. Ngokwehlukaniswa kwe-Wikipedia, i-“远安鹿苑” ingomunye wabameleli abasemthethweni be-“huáng xiǎochá”.
Isigaba: Omunye “wamatiye amakhulu amane aphuzi ase-China” (中国四大黄茶). Umkhiqizo onesivumelwano sendawo esivikelweyo (国家农产品地理标志, 2017). Ubuchwepheshe bufakwe kuhlu lwamagugu angewona awomzimba esifundazweni sase-Hubei (2009, kuqinisekiswe ngo-2021). Okuwukuphela kwetiye eliphuzi esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Ngo-2017 — isihloko esithi “Izwe Lokuzalwa Kwamasiko Ethanisiwe Asemhlabeni” (中国茶文化之乡) kanye “no-Itiye — Igama Lamasiko Lase-China” (中华文化名茶) livela ku-China International Tea Culture Research Society.
Umsuka: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北), idolobha lase-Yíchāng (宜昌), isifunda sase-Yuǎnān (远安县). I-Yuǎnān itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Yíchāng, endaweni yokuguquka esuka ezintabeni zase-West Hubei iye ethafeni lase-Jiānghàn. Igama lasendulo lendawo ngu-Xiázhōu (峡州), okukhulunywe ngalo ngu-Lù Yǔ ku-“Chájīng”.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 31°06’ enyakatho, 111°38’ empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando:
- Tang (唐, 618–907 CE.) — “Chájīng”: U-Lù Yǔ (陆羽) ku-“Chájīng” (《茶经》, 760 CE.) wahlulela amatiye esifunda sase-Xiázhōu njengamahle kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezintaba: “Shānnán — i-Xiázhōu ihamba phambili (山南，以峡州上). I-Xiázhōu ikhiqiza itiye ezigodini zezintaba zezifunda i-Yuǎnān, i-Yídū, ne-Yílíng.” Ngokomlando wendawo, u-Lù Yǔ, ngenkathi eya entshonalanga ngo-751, wahlala emfuleni i-Jǔhé (沮河) e-Yuǎnān izinyanga ezimbalwa, ehlanganyela ulwazi lokukhiqiza itiye nabalimi bendawo. I-Yuǎnān iyaziqhenya ngesiqubulo esithi “isifunda sokuqala se-Chájīng” (陆羽《茶经》第一县).
- Southern Song (南宋, 1127–1279 CE.) — ukuzalwa kwe-Lù Yuán Chá: Amarekhodi okuqala etiye elivela ethempelini i-Lù Yuán Sì (鹿苑寺) abuyela emuva onyakeni wesithupha we-Jiādìng (嘉定六年, 1214 CE.). Ngokweminye imithombo, izindela zaqala ukutshala itiye eduze kwezindonga zethempeli ngo-1225. Umkhiqizo wawumncane kakhulu, kodwa iphunga laheha abalimi bendawo, ababeqala ukusabalalisa izihlahla zetiye ezivela ethempelini emithambekeni.
- Ming (明, 1368–1644 CE.) — inganekwane yethempeli: Inganekwane ixhumanisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nendela egama layo lingu-Yùsōng (玉松), eyathola izihlahla zetiye ezikhethekile endaweni ezungeze ithempeli futhi yakha indlela yokucubungula eyaba yisisekelo se-Yuānān Huáng Chá yanamuhla.
- Qing (清, 1644–1911 CE.) — isikhundla senkantolo: Ngesikhathi sokuphatha kuka-Qiánlóng (乾隆, 1736–1796), i-Lù Yuán Chá yakhethwa njenge-“gòngchá” (贡茶) yenkantolo. I-Xiánfēng “Yuānān County Annals” (咸丰《远安县志》) iyasibeka: “Phakathi kwamatiye ase-Yuānān, i-lù yuán ayinakuqhathaniswa” (远安茶以鹿苑为绝品). Ngo-1883 (unyaka we-9 we-Guāngxù) indela ephezulu yamaBuddha u-Jīntián (金田) yavakashela ithempeli i-Lù Yuán Sì, yanambitha itiye, futhi yashiya inkondlo ethi “Itiye Elingenakuqhathaniswa” (《绝品茶》): “Umoya wasentabeni nencithakalo yamatshe — ukunambitheka okudlula konke; ukuvuthela okukodwa kwephunga kumboza bonke ubuso. Akugcini nje ngokucacisa ingqondo nokucacisa amehlo — ekucabangeni kuhlula ibutho ledemoni lokulala” (山精石液品超群，一种馨香满面熏，不但清心明目好，参禅能伏睡魔军).
- Izikhathi zanamuhla: Ngo-1966 — ubuchwepheshe be-Yuānān Huáng Chá bufakwe encwadini ethi “Amasu Etiye” (《制茶学》) yezikhungo eziphakeme zezolimo. Ngo-1982 no-1986 — kathathu kwaklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi “Itiye Elidumile Lase-China Lonke” (全国名茶) nguMnyango Wezentengiselwano. Ngo-1985 — ukufakwa ku-“Imibhalo Ekhethiwe Yokucwaninga Ngamatiye Adumile Ase-China” (《中国名茶研究选集》). Ngo-2009 — ubuchwepheshe busohlwini lwamagugu angewona awomzimba ase-Hubei. Ngo-2017 — isivumelwano sendawo esivikelweyo.
Igama:
- “Yuānān” (远安) — igama lesifunda. Ngokomqondo: “ukuthula okukude.”
- “Huáng Chá” (黄茶) — “itiye eliphuzi” — ngokohlobo.
- Igama lasendulo: “Lù Yuán Chá” (鹿苑茶, “Itiye Lengadi Yezinyamazane”) — livela ethempelini i-Lù Yuán Sì. “Ingadi Yezinyamazane” — igama lendawo yamaBuddha, elibhekise e-Deer Park (鹿野苑, Mṛgadāva) eduze kwase-Varanasi, lapho uBuddha ashumayela khona intshumayelo yakhe yokuqala. Kwaziwa nangokuthi “Lù Yuán Máo Jiān” (鹿苑毛尖, “Amathiphu Anoboya Avela Engadini Yezinyamazane”).
- Isisho somphakathi: “Amanzi avela e-Qīngqī Sì, itiye elivela e-Lù Yuán Sì” (清漆寺的水，鹿苑寺的茶) — izimpumelelo ezimbili zasethempelini e-West Hubei.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Yuānān Huáng Chá — itiye lamaBuddha ngokujulile. Lazalwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zethempeli, lakhunjulwa yindela ngezinkondlo, laqoshwa etsheni lesikhumbuzo egcekeni lethempeli. “Umoya wasentabeni nencithakalo yamatshe” — akuyona nje isingathekiso, kodwa kuyinkomba yomkhuba wamaBuddha: itiye njengendlela yokugcina ukuhlala uqaphile ngesikhathi sokucabanga (参禅). Inganekwane ka-Léizǔ (嫘祖, unkosikazi ka-Yellow Emperor Huángdì), owathi ngokunganaki “wabhidliza” itiye eligazingiwe kubhasikidi, ngaleyo ndlela wadala ubuchwepheshe be-mēn huáng — ingenye yezinganekwane zomsuka wetiye eliphuzi, ehlotshaniswa ngokuqondile ne-Yuānān: ngokwesiko, u-Léizǔ wazalelwa kulezi zindawo. I-Yuānān futhi iyindawo yokuzalwa kuka-Léizǔ, unkulunkulukazi wokukhulisa usilika: itiye nosilika — izipho ezimbili zase-Yuānān empucukweni yase-China.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Izinhlobo: Eyinhloko — iqembu lendawo elihlukahlukene (本地群体种, ukuzala ngokobulili), elaziwa ngokuthi i-lánhuāxiāng (兰花香, iphunga le-orchid) evelele. Ezingezelelwe — i-Fúdǐng Dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶), i-Èchá No.1 (鄂茶1号). Iqembu lendawo — lihluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo, lijwayele inhlabathi ye-dānxiá (丹霞), enamazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid (≥6.77% etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — okungaphezulu ngo-30% kunamatiye ajwayelekile aluhlaza).
Ukukhiwa: Ezinsukwini ezi-3–5 ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (清明) kuze kube yi-Gǔyǔ (谷雨), phakathi kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-15. Izinga: iqhuzu elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili. Izidingo: ubusha, ubuncane, ukufana, nobumsulwa. Ungakhi amaqabunga “enhlanzi” (鱼叶, amaqabunga angaphansi anezikali), amaqabunga amadala nalimele.
Umsebenzi okhethekile — “duǎnchá” (短茶, “ukunciphisa itiye”): Ngaphambi kokucubungula, amahlumela akhiwe “ayephulwa”: amaqabunga amade kakhulu ayancishiswa, bese kukhethwa kuphela amathiphu aphezulu athambile aneqabunga lokuqala. Lokhu kuwumsebenzi wokulungiselela oyingqayizivele, ongatholakali kubuchwepheshe bamanye amatiye aphuzi.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulima:

I-Geomorphology: Okuyingqayizivele ezindaweni ezikhiqiza itiye — i-dānxiá dìmào (丹霞地貌, “i-dānxiá landscape”): amagquma abomvu esihlabathi anamawa nezimbobo ezibonakalayo. I-latitude engu-31° enyakatho. Ukuphakama — amamitha angu-40–800 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu ephuzi (红黄壤), i-pH engu-4.5–6.5, eyakhiwe ukuqothuka kwesihlabathi esibomvu. Igcwele i-selenium (Se) ne-zinc (Zn) — izakhi ezincane ezibalulekile empilweni. Iyavunda, ikhipha amanzi kahle.
Isimo Sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi — 16.4°C. Umswakama ohlobene — ≥80%. Inani lezinsuku ezinokufiphala — ≥200 ngonyaka. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku (kuhlinzeka ngokuqoqeka kwama-amino acid).
I-Hydrology: Imifula emithathu — i-Jǔhé (沮河), i-Zhānghé (漳河), ne-Xīhé (西河) — izungeza indawo. Amachibi angu-54 ahlinzeka ngonogalalelo.
I-Ecology: Ukumboza kwamahlathi — 74.5%. Indawo ewumongo (i-Lù Yuán Cūn, 鹿苑村) — indawo yokonga amanzi: ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane. Izihlahla zetiye zasendulo (iminyaka yobudala ≥30) zakha cishe ama-40% ezitshalo zendawo ewumongo. Izindawo ezizungeze i-Lù Yuán Sì: izintaba i-Qīngshī (青狮, “Ibhubesi Eliluhlaza”) ne-Báixiàng (白象, “Indlovu Emhlophe”) zisebenza njengabagcini bemvelo; ingqungquthela i-Jǐnpíng (锦屏峰) emthambekeni we-Yúnmén Shān (云门山, “Intaba Yamasango Amafu”) — “njengeziphuku”; esigodini kugeleza izifudlana, kukhula ama-orchid asendle kanye nama-nánmù aluhlaza (楠树) — konke lokhu kwakha isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Yuānān Huáng Chá — okuwukuphela kwawo esifundazweni sase-Hubei obuhlanganisa i-mēn huáng yangempela. Imisebenzi emihlanu, yonke yenziwa ngesandla. Izici eziyinhloko: ukubilisa ngenqwaba ngaphansi kwendwangu emanzi nokomisa ngamalahle kaphayini.

Ukendlalwa / Tānqīng (摊青 — tān qīng): Amahora angu-4–6. Ingqimba encane ezihlungini zoqalo. Ukoma okuncane, ukuqala kwephunga.
“Ukubulala uhlaza” / Shāqīng (杀青 — shā qīng): Izinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-180°C. Indlela ethi “pāochǎo” (抛炒, “ukuphonsela phezulu”): amaqabunga aphonswa phezulu epanini, okuqinisekisa ukushisa okulinganayo. Ukwenza ama-enzyme angasebenzi, ukulungisa iphunga eliluhlaza.
Ukusonteka kokuqala / Chūróu (初揉 — chū róu): Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuqala seqabunga. Ingcindezi encane — ukungawonakalisi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana.
Ukubilisa ngenqwaba / Mēn duī (闷堆 — mēn duī): Isigaba esibalulekile — ukwakhiwa “kokuphuzi okuthathu” (三黄, sān huáng): amaqabunga omile aphuzi, isisekelo setiye esiphuzi, nokumnika okuphuzi. Inqwaba yetiye ifakwa kumabhasikidi oqalo (竹篓), iyacindezelwa, futhi imbozwa ngendwangu emanzi ye-hemp (湿麻布). Isikhathi — amahora angu-18–24. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa — ukuphendulwa kathathu (三次翻堆), ukulawula izinga lokuphuzi: umgomo “we-huánghuàlǜ” (黄化率, izinga lokuphuzi) — 50–60%. Inkomba yokulungela: iqabunga selibe nombala ophuzi, iphunga — elimsulwa, ngaphandle kwe-asidi. Leli ukuphela kwetiye eliphuzi e-Hubei elisebenzisa i-mēn huáng yenqwaba yangempela.
Ukusonteka okuphindaphindiwe / Fùróu (复揉 — fù róu): Ukujulisa ukwakheka — ukudala okubizwa nge-“huánzi jiǎo” (环子脚, “imilenze eyindandatho”): iqabunga lisontwa libe yi-spiral eyindandatho.
Ukumiswa ngamalahle kaphayini (松木炭火烘焙 — sōng mù tàn huǒ hōng bèi): Izigaba ezimbili:
- Ukomisa kokuqala / Chūhōng (初烘): ~80°C phezu kwamalahle kaphayini.
- Ukomisa kokugcina / Zúgān (足干): ~60°C — ukumiswa isikhathi eside kuze kube omile ngokuphelele. Amalahle kaphayini (松木炭) — hhayi i-oki, hhayi i-sophora — anikeza itiye iphunga “lesūnyān xiāng” (松烟香, iphunga lentuthu kaphayini) elincane. Lokhu “yiphunga lentuthu elingena emathanjeni” (烟香入骨), — elibucayi, hhayi elimahhadla, elihloniphekile.
Yonke inqubo — uqalo nokhuni kuphela: Amathuluzi — amabhasikidi oqalo, izinkomba zokhuni, izihlungi zoqalo. Ukuvinjelwa kwezinto zensimbi (避金属氧化) — ukugwema uketshezi olungafuneki.

6. Izici Zokunambitha:

Isimo samaqabunga omile: “Huánzi jiǎo” (环子脚, “imilenze eyindandatho”): izimo ezisontwayo ezifana nezindandatho noma izingxenye zendandatho — isimo esiyingqayizivele esingatholakali kwamanye amatiye aphuzi. Umbala — usagolide ophuzi (金黄色). Ebusweni — “yúzǐ pào” (鱼子泡, “amabhamuza amancane kakhulu”): amabhamuza amancane kakhulu akhiwa ngesikhathi sokugazinga okushisa okuphezulu, — uphawu lokuhlola ubuqiniso. Uboya obumhlophe — buyabonakala.
Iphunga lamaqabunga omile: Linezendlalelo eziningi. Isisekelo — “qīngxiāng” (清香, iphunga elimsulwa). Ngaphezulu — “nènxiāng” (嫩香, iphunga lobusha) etiyeni lasentwasahlobo lakuqala; “lìxiāng” (栗香, iphunga le-chestnut) etiyeni eliyinhloko lasentwasahlobo; “lánhuāxiāng” (兰花香, iphunga le-orchid) — okuyisici seqembu lendawo; “sūnyān xiāng” (松烟香, intuthu kaphayini) — evela ekumisweni kwamalahle.
Iphunga lomphekelo: “Qīngxiāng dài lán yùn” (清香带兰韵, “iphunga elimsulwa elinomzwangedwa we-orchid”). Lincane, linezici eziningi, lihlala isikhathi eside. Intuthu kaphayini izwakala njengomkhondo omncane, hhayi njengento egqamile.
Ukunambitheka: “Chúnhòu gānliáng” (醇厚甘凉) — ukugcwala, ukubumbana, ubumnandi, nokuthi “ukuphola” (甘凉, gānliáng) — umuzwa wokusha nokunambitheka okufana neminti emuva, okuyivelakancane kumatiye aphuzi. Ukuthungwa okunamafutha (滑, huá — “ukushelela”). Ukukrakra nokubaba — akukho. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva — kumnandi, kuhlala isikhathi eside, nokubuya kashukela (蔗糖回甘).
Umbala womphekelo: “Huángjìng míngliàng” (黄净明亮) — ophuzi, omsulwa, okhanyayo. Ku-“gòngyá” (贡芽, izinga lenkantolo) — uphuzi ngokuluhlaza; ku-“tèjí” (特级, i-extra) — uphuzi ojulile. Osobala.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elimisiwe): “Nènhuáng yún zhèng” (嫩黄匀整) — amaqabunga aphuzi ngokuthamba, afanayo, aphelele, avuleke “njengembali” (成朵).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Amino acid: ≥6.77% etiyeni lasentwasahlobo — elinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aphuzi (angaphezulu ngo-30% kunamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile). I-L-theanine inikeza ubumnandi obugqamile “no-umami.”
Ama-Polyphenol: Amazinga aphakathi, aguqulwe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubilisa ngenqwaba — ukuthambile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi we-antioxidant.
I-GABA (i-gamma-aminobutyric acid): ≥160 mg/100 g — inani elimangalisayo. I-GABA iyi-neurotransmitter enomthelela wokunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokudambisa. Leli zinga — lingelinye eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye angewona awomsebenzi okhethekile (okungukuthi, angewona amatiye e-GABA).
Ama-Polysaccharide etiye: Amazinga abalulekile — abamba iqhaza ekulawuleni izinga likashukela egazini.
I-Fluoride: 15 mg/100 g — ukucindezelwa komsebenzi wamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo ngo-90%.
Izakhi ezincane: I-Selenium (Se), i-Zinc (Zn) — ezivela enhlabathini yase-Yuānān ye-dānxiá.
Amavithamini: C, iqembu B.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Antioxidant: Ama-Polyphenol e-Yuānān Huáng Chá anamandla abonakalayo okungathathi hlangothi ama-radical akhululekile.
Ukuvikela izinzwa nokudambisa: I-GABA (≥160 mg/100 g) — iyisiqeda-kukhathazeka esingokwemvelo. Kunciphisa ukukhathazeka, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokulala. Indela u-Jīntián akazange avele nje aphawule: “ekucabangeni kuhlula ibutho ledemoni lokulala” — ngendlela exakile, itiye liyakudambisa futhi likuqinise ngasikhathi sinye (i-L-theanine + i-caffeine + i-GABA).
Ukulawula izinga likashukela: Ama-Polysaccharide etiye asiza ekulawuleni i-glycemia.
Impilo yamazinyo: I-Fluoride (15 mg/100 g) icindezela u-90% womsebenzi wamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
Umphumela omnene esiswini: “Bù hán bù zào” (不寒不燥, “akubandi futhi akushisi”) — itiye lase-Yuānān alithathi hlangothi ngokwemvelo yokushisa (ngokwe-TCM), lifanele ukusetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isizini.

9. Ukupheka:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90°C. Hhayi ngaphezu kuka-90°C — izinga lokushisa eliphezulu licekela phansi i-L-theanine futhi lehlise “i-xiānwèi” (鲜味, ukunambitheka kobusha).
Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-5 ku-250 ml wamanzi (umlinganiselo ongu-1:50) nge-gaiwan; amagremu angu-3 engilazini yengilazi.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan ye-porcelain (盖碗) — iyancomeka, iveza iphunga elinezendlalelo. Ingilazi yengilazi — ukuze ubuke ukuvuleka “kwe-huánzi jiǎo.”
Inqubo (i-gaiwan):
1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, uthulule.
2. Faka amagremu angu-5 etiye.
3. Geza (润茶): imizuzwana engu-10, uthulule.
4. Ukuchitha kokuqala: imizuzu engu-1, uthulule.
5. Ukuchitha okulandelayo: ukukhulisa imizuzwana engu-15 ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuchitha oku-3–5.
Inqubo (ingilazi yengilazi):
1. Thela amanzi engxenyeni yesi-7/10 yomthamo.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Linda imizuzu engu-2. Bubuke ukuvuleka “kwezindandatho.”
Izexwayiso: Ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo (>90°C). Itiye elisha kunconywa ukuthi lilindiswe izinsuku eziyi-15 endaweni emnyama ukuze “lidedele amandla omlilo” (褪火气). Ngemva kokuvula iphakheji — liphuze kungakapheli amahora angu-72 ukuze kugcinwe iphunga. Ungaliphuzi isisu singenalutho (ama-tannin acasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila).

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Yuānān Huáng Chá — itiye elithambile ngokulinganisela: alinaki kangako kune-Jūnshān Yínzhēn, kodwa lidinga ukunakwa. Iphakheji evalekile, indawo emnyama epholile. Ifriji (0…+5°C) — ilungile. Isikhathi sokuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele — izinyanga eziyi-12–18. “Bù hán bù zào” — imvelo engathathi hlangothi ivumela ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kunamatiye aphuzi athambile aqhamuka ezhubeni. Esigabeni esithi “Huángdàchá” (黄大茶, itiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amakhulu — eliyingxenye yomugqa we-Yuānān) — ukuvuthwa kwemvelo okuvunyelwe nokwakhiwa “kwe-chénxiāng” (陈香, iphunga lokuguga).

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Amazinga namanani (ngokwe-standard DB42/T 1015):
- Gòngyá (贡芽, “amathiphu enkantolo”): Amathiphu awodwa ≥95%, isimo “senyanga” (月牙形), umbala — uphuzi we-apricot (杏黄色). Iphunga — elimsulwa, elihlala isikhathi eside. ≥1500 yuan nge-jīn (500 g).
- Tèjí (特级, i-extra): Ithiphu elilodwa elineqabunga lokuqala elivulekayo ≥90%. “Huánzi jiǎo” — aminyene, acacile. Iphunga le-chestnut — liphezulu, elibukhali. 800–1500 yuan.
- Yījí (一级, izinga lokuqala): Ithiphu elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Eligcwele, elimelana nokuphinda kuchithwe. 400–800 yuan.
- Èrjí (二级, izinga lesibili): Ithiphu elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili. Iphunga — elimsulwa. 200–400 yuan.
- Huángdàchá (黄大茶): Iqabunga elikhulu, ingxube. Ukusonteka kwemvelo, okuxegayo. “Chénxiāng” (陈香). Elithengeka kakhulu.
Ukukhwabanisa: Akuvamile kangako kunaku-Jūnshān Yínzhēn, kodwa kungenzeka ukushintshaniswa netiye eliluhlaza ngaphandle kwe-mēn huáng. Izimpawu zobuqiniso: “huánzi jiǎo” (ukusonteka okuyindandatho), “yúzǐ pào” (amabhamuza amancane), umbala osagolide ophuzi (hhayi oluhlaza), umphekelo ophuzi (hhayi oluhlaza), “gānliáng” (ubumnandi obupholile) — hhayi ubuhlaza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Yuānān — “isifunda sokuqala se-Chájīng”: U-Lù Yǔ wabeka i-Xiázhōu (ehlanganisa i-Yuānān) endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwezifunda zamatiye eziseningizimu yezintaba. Ngokwesiko, wahlala lapha izinyanga ezimbalwa ngo-751.
Igama elithi “Lù Yuán Sì” (鹿苑寺, “Ithempeli Lengadi Yezinyamazane”) — liyinkomba eqondile e-Mṛgadāva, i-Deer Park eduze kwase-Varanasi, lapho uBuddha ashumayela khona i-Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta — intshumayelo yokuqala. Itiye laleli thempeli — ngokomqondo “yitiye lentshumayelo yokuqala.”
“Huánzi jiǎo” (环子脚, “imilenze eyindandatho”) — isimo esifana nezindandatho ezincane noma izingxenye zenyanga, — asitholakali kunoma yiliphi elinye itiye eliphuzi. Lokhu kuwumphumela wobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokusonteka nokubilisa ngenqwaba.
“Yúzǐ pào” (鱼子泡, “amabhamuza amancane kakhulu”) — amabhamuza amancane kakhulu ebusweni beqabunga elomile — ikhadi lokuvakasha lobuqiniso. Abunjwa ngesikhathi sokugazinga okushisa okuphezulu (180°C “ngokuphonsa”) futhi bawumphumela wokubila koshukela wamangqamuzana ngaphakathi kweqabunga.
Ukomisa kokugcina ngamalahle kaphayini — ubuchwepheshe obuhlobanisa i-Yuānān Huáng Chá ne-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng yase-Fújiàn (正山小种, i-Lapsang Souchong). Womabili la matiye athola “intuthu kaphayini” (松烟香) emthonjeni owodwa — uphayini ovuthayo, kodwa ezigabeni ezihluke ngokuphelele: elinye — itiye eliphuzi, elinye — itiye elibomvu.
I-Yuānān — iwukuphela komkhiqizi wetiye eliphuzi esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Ubuchwepheshe “be-mēn duī” (闷堆, ukubilisa ngenqwaba) ngokuphendula kathathu ngaphansi kwendwangu emanzi — akuhlukile nje e-Hubei kuphela, kodwa futhi akuvamile e-China yonkana.
Inganekwane ka-Léizǔ (嫘祖): unkosikazi ka-Yellow Emperor Huángdì, umsunguli wokukhulisa usilika, ngokwesiko wazalelwa ezindaweni ezizungeze i-Yuānān. Ngesinye isikhathi wayegazinga amaqabunga etiye, acabanga ngomyeni wakhe owayesohambeni lokulwa — futhi wabhidliza itiye kubhasikidi. Lapho ebuya futhi enambitha umphekelo ophuzi owawukhiqiziwe, u-Huángdì wamemeza: “Leli tiye lingatholakala ezulwini kuphela. Lapho liwela emhlabeni, seliyigolide.” — futhi walibiza ngokuthi “itiye eliphuzi.” Kanjalo, ngokwenganekwane, itiye eliphuzi njengesigaba lazala.
I-GABA (GABA) ≥160 mg/100 g — elinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu emvelo phakathi kwamatiye angewona awomsebenzi okhethekile. Ukuze uqhathanise: “amatiye e-GABA” akhethekile avela e-Taiwan ahamba ngokucubungulwa kwe-anaerobic ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-GABA; i-Yuānān ithola izinga eliphezulu ngokwemvelo — ngenxa yokubilisa ngenqwaba.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aphuzi:

Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针): Womabili — ase-“kwa-four great.” I-Jūnshān — yenziwe ngamathiphu awodwa, yasesiqhingini, “njengosilika,” ukubilisa okuphindwe kabili okusongwe amahora angu-68, “itiye elidanayo.” I-Yuānān — yenziwe ngamathiphu anamaqabunga, yasezintabeni, “ephole ngobumnandi,” ukubilisa ngenqwaba amahora angu-18–24, “itiye elinamandandatho.” I-Jūnshān — ingusomaqhinga; i-Yuānān — iyindela.
Huòshān Huángyá (霍山黄芽): Womabili — amatiye asezintabeni ezisenkabeni ye-China. I-Huòshān — i-Ānhuī, “i-chestnut,” “ukendlalwa okomile,” umlingisi wamaminerali. I-Yuānān — i-Hubei, “i-orchid nentuthu kaphayini,” ukubilisa ngenqwaba ngaphansi kwendwangu, “ubumnandi obupholile.” I-Huòshān — isazi; i-Yuānān — umcabangi.
Měngdǐng Huángyá (蒙顶黄芽): Womabili — ase-“kwa-four great,” womabili — anomlando wasendulo. I-Měngdǐng — i-Sìchuān, isezintabeni eziphakeme (amamitha angu-1456), i-chestnut yoju, “ukugazinga kathathu — ukubilisa kathathu ephepheni.” I-Yuānān — i-Hubei, esezintabeni eziphakathi (amamitha angu-40–800), i-orchid nentuthu, ukubilisa ngenqwaba ngaphansi kwendwangu. I-Měngdǐng — ingusomathuba; i-Yuānān — ungumzincishi.
Píngyáng Huángtāng (平阳黄汤): I-Píngyáng — yasolwandle, ummbila, i-apricot, amahora angu-72 “okomisa okuyisishiyagalolunye nokubilisa okuyisishiyagalolunye.” I-Yuānān — yasemfuleni, i-orchid, “ephole ngobumnandi,” amahora angu-18–24 okubilisa ngenqwaba ngamalahle kaphayini. I-Píngyáng — “ilithurgy eliphuzi” eliyinkimbinkimbi elinezitezi eziningi; i-Yuānān — indlela eqondile yendela.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yuānān Huáng Chá — itiye elazalelwa ekuthuleni kwethempeli lamaBuddha futhi elithwala lokhu kuthula kunoma iyiphi inkomishi. “Ubumnandi obupholile” (甘凉) — akusona isingathekiso, kodwa umuzwa ophathekayo: ukusha okuthambile okuhlala olimini ngemva kokugwinya, njengomoya wasentabeni ngemva kwemvula. “Iminyene yayo eyindilinga” (环子脚) — akuwona umdlalo wobuchwepheshe, kodwa ubufakazi obubonakalayo bobungcweti bezandla obudluliswa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane e-Lù Yuán Cūn, lapho izihlahla ezineminyaka engu-30 zisakhumbula izandla zezizukulwane ezinhlanu zabalimi betiye. “Intuthu yayo kaphayini” (松烟香) — akulona iphutha, kodwa isibusiso: ukuphefumula kwezintaba zase-Hubei, okumunzwe yiqabunga ngomlilo wamalahle kaphayini. U-Lù Yǔ wabeka i-Yuānān kuqala. Indela u-Jīntián wayibiza ngokuthi “ngumoya wasentabeni nencithakalo yamatshe.” Amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili eminyaka — kusukela ezindelani zase-Southern Song kuya kubaculi base-Hubei bekhulu lama-21 — leli tiye liyafakazela: inani langempela alidingi ukumemeza. “Akubandi futhi akushisi” (不寒不燥) — indawo emaphakathi esagolide, efanele igama lalo “eliphuzi.”