I-Yu Ji Cha

I-Yu Ji Cha (有机茶) akulona uhlobo oluthile lwetiye, kodwa isigaba esihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye, ezikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokulima okuphilayo. Ukugxila okuyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwe-Yu Ji Cha kusekuqinisekiseni ubumsulwa bemvelo, ukusimama kanye nempilo, kokubili kwendawo ezungezile kanye nomthengi. Lokhu kusho ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwezivundisi zamakhemikhali zokwenziwa, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-ukhula kanye namanye amakhemikhali ezolimo ngesikhathi sokutshalwa nokucutshungulwa kwetiye.

1. Isho Ukuthini I-Yu Ji Cha (有机茶) – Itiye Eliphilayo?

• I-Yu Ji (有机) – Eliphilayo: Ngolimi lwesiShayina, “Yu Ji” (有机) ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “okuphilayo”. Emkhakheni wezolimo nemikhiqizo yokudla, igama elithi “okuphilayo” lisho izindlela zokukhiqiza ezinciphisa umthelela endaweni ezungezile nasempilweni yomuntu, ngokugxila ezinqubweni zemvelo nasezinsizeni.
• Ukugxila kusimiso semvelo: Ukulima itiye okuphilayo kuhlose ukudala isimiso semvelo esinempilo nesilinganiselayo engadini yetiye, lapho izitshalo zetiye zikhula ngokuvumelana nemvelo, hhayi ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlasela ngamakhemikhali.
• Impilo nokuphepha: I-Yu Ji Cha ikhiqizwa ngenhloso yokwakha umkhiqizo omsulwa ngezinga eliphezulu ezinsaleleni zamakhemikhali futhi ophephile ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuphinde kuhlanganise ukunakekelwa kwempilo yabasebenzi bamasimu etiye kanye nemiphakathi yendawo.
• Ukusimama kanye nokubheka isikhathi eside: Izindlela eziphilayo zihloselwe ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kwenzulu yomhlabathi, imithombo yamanzi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kuqinisekisa intuthuko esimeme yokukhiqizwa kwetiye ezizukulwaneni eziningi ezizayo.

2. Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokukhiqizwa Kwe-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo):

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Yu Ji Cha kusekelwe ekulandelweni okuqinile kwezimiso nezindinganiso ezithile, okuhlanganisa zonke izigaba kusukela ekutshalweni kwezihlahla zetiye kuze kube ukupakishwa kwetiye eliphelele:

• Inhlabathi enempilo:

  • Isivundisi esiphilayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwezivundisi zemvelo kuphela, njengomquba, umquba ovuthiwe, isivundisi esiluhlaza (izitshalo zokuvundisa), impuphu yamathambo, okukhishwe ezitshalweni kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze kunikezwe izitshalo zetiye izakhi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka komhlabathi. Akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezivundisi zamaminerali zokwenziwa.

  • Ukwenza umquba: Ukusetshenziswa okumatasa kokwenza umquba ukuze kucutshungulwe imfucuza ephilayo (uthuli lwetiye, izingcezu, amaqabunga awile, imfucuza yokudla) futhi kwakhiwe isivundisi esiphilayo esizimele.

  • Ukwendlalela: Ukumboza inhlabathi ngesendlalelo esiphilayo (utshani obomisiwe, utshani obugundiwe, amaqabunga awile, izingcezu zezinkuni) ukuze kugcinwe umswakama, kucindezelwe ukhula, kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka komhlabathi futhi kucebiswe ngokungokwemvelo.

  • Ukushintshanisa izitshalo kanye nokutshala okuxubile: Umkhuba wokushintshanisa izitshalo (ukushintshanisa izinhlobo zezitshalo) nokutshala okuxubile (ukutshala izitshalo zetiye zihlangene nezinye izitshalo eziwusizo, isibonelo, izitshalo zomndeni webhontshisi, izihlahla, izitshalo eziluhlaza) ukuze kuthuthukiswe inzulu yomhlabathi, ukuvikela okungokwezinto eziphilayo nokwakha isimiso semvelo esizinzile.

  • Ukucutshungulwa okuncane komhlabathi: Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokucutshungulwa komhlabathi okuncane, ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka kwawo, umsebenzi wamagciwane omhlabathi kanye nokuvimbela ukuguguleka.

• Ukulwa nezinambuzane nezifo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali:

  • Izindlela zokuvikela eziphilayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwezitha zemvelo zezinambuzane (izinambuzane eziwusizo, izinyoni), amalungiselelo e-microbiological asekelwe kuma-bacteria, izikhunta, amagciwane, okukhishwe ezitshalweni (isibonelo, okusekelwe kugalikhi, upelepele, nim) kanye nezicupho zama-pheromone ukuze kulawulwe inani lezinambuzane nezifo.
  • Izindlela zezolimo: Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zezolimo, njengokukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okuhle nokukhanya, ukuthena okulungile, ukugcina izitshalo zinempilo, ukuze kwenyuswe ukumelana kwazo okungokwemvelo nezifo nezinambuzane.
  • Ukuqoqa ngesandla izinambuzane nezindlela ezisebenza ngomshini: Uma kunesidingo, ukuqoqa ngesandla izinambuzane ezinkulu nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezisebenza ngomshini (isibonelo, amabhanti anamathelayo) ukuze kulwiwe nezinambuzane.
  • Ukuvinjelwa kwegciwane kanye nokuvimbela: Ukuvinjelwa okucophelela kwesihlahla sokutshala nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwezifo nezinambuzane.
  • Ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kwezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, ama-insecticide, ama-fungicide, ama-herbicide nama-nematocide.

• Ukusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela enomthwalo wemvelo:

  • Ukunisela ngendlela ephumelelayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokunisela enqamula amaconsi noma ezinye izindlela eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
  • Ukuqoqwa nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emvula: Ukuhlela ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emvula ukuze anisele kanye nezinye izidingo.
  • Ukwendlalela: Ukwendlalela inhlabathi ukuze kunciphe ukuhwamuka komswakama kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sokuchelela.
  • Ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi: Ukuvimbela ukungcola kwemithombo yamanzi ngokugeleza okusuka emasimini etiye. Ukwakha izindawo eziyimizilokazane ezinezitshalo zemvelo eduze kwemizimba yamanzi ukuze kuhlungwe amanzi nokuvikela ekungcoleni.

• Ukugcinwa kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezimiso zemvelo:

  • Ukugcinwa kwezitshalo zemvelo: Ukugcinwa noma ukubuyiselwa kwezindawo zamahlathi emvelo kanye nezinye izindawo zemvelo ezizungeza izingadi zetiye ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kwakhiwe indawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane eziwusizo nezilwane zasendle.
  • Ukwakha izimiso zemvelo zezolimo ezahlukene: Ukukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezingadi zetiye, isibonelo, ngokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla, izihlahlana, izitshalo eziluhlaza, izimbali, ezingaheha izinambuzane eziwusizo ezihambisa impova kanye nezidla ezinye izinambuzane, futhi zibe negalelo ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu esincane.
  • Ukwala ukutshala isitshalo esisodwa: Isifiso sokwakha izimiso zemvelo zezolimo ezahlukene nezinzile, ngokungafani namasimu atshale isitshalo esisodwa, okuyinto ejwayelekile ezolimweni olunamandla.

• Ukuphathwa okunomthwalo kwemfucuza nezinsiza:

  • Ukucutshungulwa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto: Isifiso sokunciphisa imfucuza nokuyicutshungula kabusha. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa imfucuza ephilayo ukwenza umquba, ukucutshungulwa kabusha kokupakishwa.
  • Ukusebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo: Ukwethulwa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezonga amandla ezigabeni zokucutshungulwa kwetiye (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze komiswe, izisetshenziswa ezonga amandla).
  • Ukupakishwa okunobungane bemvelo: Ukusebenzisa izinto ezibola ngokwemvelo noma ezingacutshungulwa kabusha ukuze kupakishwe itiye, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kweplastiki nezinye izinto ezingezona ezemvelo.

• Umthwalo womphakathi kanye nohwebo olunobulungiswa (kuvame, kodwa hhayi njalo):

  • Izimo zokusebenza ezinobulungiswa: Ukuqinisekisa izimo zokusebenza ezinesithunzi, ukukhokhelwa okuyikona, indawo yokusebenza ephephile kubasebenzi bamasimu etiye.
  • Ukusekelwa kwemiphakathi yendawo: Ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemiphakathi yendawo, exhunyaniswe nokukhiqizwa kwetiye, ngokwakha amathuba omsebenzi, izinhlelo zemfundo, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, nokugcinwa kwamagugu amasiko.
  • Izimiso zokuziphatha ekuphatheni ibhizinisi: Ukubonakala, ubuqotho, inhlonipho ngendawo nabantu.

3. Izinzuzo ze-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo):

Ukusetshenziswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-Yu Ji Cha kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, kokubili empilweni yomuntu nangendlela ezungezile nasemphakathini jikelele:

• Inzuzo yempilo:

  • Ukwehliswa kwethonya lezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali: Inzuzo enkulu ye-Yu Ji Cha – yikho ukuncipha okukhulu noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, ama-herbicide kanye namanye amakhemikhali ezolimo kumkhiqizo ophelele. Lokhu kwenza itiye liphephe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bomthelela ongemuhle wamakhemikhali empilweni yomuntu, ikakhulukazi uma itiye lisetshenziswa njalo.
  • Ukuba khona okuphezulu kwamanye amakhemikhali awusizo (okungenzeka): Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo etshalwa ngendlela ephilayo ingaba nezinga eliphakeme lamavithamini athile, amaminerali, ama-antioxidant kanye nezinye izinhlanganisela eziwusizo uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo etshalwa ngezindlela zendabuko. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici sisengaphansi kocwaningo lwesayensi, futhi imiphumela ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwetiye, uhlobo oluthile, izimo zokutshala nezindlela zokuhlaziya.
  • Ukunambitheka “okumsulwa”: Abathandi betiye abaningi baphawula ukuthi i-Yu Ji Cha inokunambitheka okumsulwa, okungokwemvelo, okuqabulayo nokucwengekile, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okuhlukile “kwamakhemikhali”, okungenzeka kube khona ngezinye izikhathi kumatiye atshalwa kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali amaningi. Ukunambitheka kwe-Yu Ji Cha kubonisa kangcono izici zemvelo zeqabunga letiye kanye ne-terroir.

• Inzuzo yemvelo:

  • Ukugcinwa kwenzulu yomhlabathi: Izindlela zokulima eziphilayo zinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ekwandiseni inzulu yayo, ukwandisa ingxenye ye-organic matter kanye nomsebenzi wamagciwane omhlabathi. Lokhu kwenza inhlabathi ibe nempilo futhi ikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka nokucekelwa phansi.
  • Ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi: Ukwala amakhemikhali ezolimo kuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi (imifula, amachibi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba) ngezibulala-zinambuzane nezivundisi. Ukusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela enomthwalo wemvelo kusiza ekugcineni imithombo yamanzi.
  • Ukugcinwa kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo: Ukulima itiye okuphilayo kusekela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ezingadini zetiye nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ukwakha izimiso zemvelo zezolimo ezahlukene nokwala izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali kusiza ekugcineni nasekwandiseni izibalo zezinambuzane eziwusizo, izinyoni, izilwane zasendle nezitshalo.
  • Ukwehliswa kokungcoliswa kwemvelo: I-Yu Ji Cha inomthelela ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa okuvamile kwemvelo ngamakhemikhali, kanye nasekunciphiseni umthelela omubi wezolimo esimweni sezulu nasezimisweni zemvelo.

• Izinzuzo zomphakathi nezomnotho:

  • Ukusekela ezolimo eziqhubekayo: Ukukhetha i-Yu Ji Cha kusekela intuthuko eqhubekayo yokukhiqizwa kwetiye, okugxile enhlalakahleni yesikhathi eside yendawo yemvelo nabantu, hhayi enzuzweni yesikhathi esifushane.
  • Izimo zokusebenza ezinobulungiswa: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Yu Ji Cha kuvamise ukuhlotshaniswa nezimiso zohwebo olunobulungiswa, kuqinisekisa izimo zokusebenza ezinesithunzi nokukhokhelwa okuyikona kubasebenzi bamasimu etiye.
  • Ukusekela imiphakathi yendawo: I-Yu Ji Cha inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwemiphakathi yendawo ezifundeni zetiye, yakha amathuba omsebenzi futhi isekela indlela yokuphila yendabuko ehlobene nokulima itiye.
  • Imakethe yezinga eliphakeme kanye nenezelwenani: I-Yu Ji Cha ivamise ukumakethwa njengomkhiqizo womgangatho ophakeme nenezinga eliphakeme, okungahlinzekela abakhiqizi inzuzo enkulu futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko yezomnotho ezifundeni ezikhiqiza itiye eliphilayo.

4. Ungayikhomba Kanjani I-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo):

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi itiye liyi-Yu Ji Cha (eliphilayo) ngempela, kubalulekile ukunaka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Isitifiketi sokuphila: Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuqinisekisa isimo esiphilayo setiye ubukhona besitifiketi sokuphila, esikhishwe yinhlangano egunyazayo enegunya. Bheka izitifiketi zokuphila zamazwe ngamazwe (isibonelo, USDA Organic, EU Organic, JAS, Fairtrade Organic) kanye nezitifiketi zokuphila zaseShayina (中国有机产品认证). Ukuba khona kwelogo yesitifiketi sokuphila emaphaketheni kuqinisekisa ukuthi itiye likhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezaziwayo.
• Incazelo evela kumkhiqizi nomthengisi: Funda ngokucophelela incazelo yetiye evela kumkhiqizi nomthengisi. Bheka izinkomba eziqondile zokuthi itiye liyiphilayo, litshalwe ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezivundisi zamakhemikhali. Abakhiqizi nabathengisi abaqotho, ngokuvamile, banikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ngezindlela zokutshala kanye nokuthola izitifiketi.
• Isithunzi sohlobo lomkhiqizo nomthengisi: Thenga i-Yu Ji Cha emikhiqizweni eyaziwayo nenokwethenjelwa nabathengisi, abagxile etiyeni eliphilayo nelomgangatho. Naka izibuyekezo zabathengi nesithunzi sesitolo noma inkundla ye-intanethi.
• Intengo: Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye okuphilayo ngokuvamile kudinga izindleko nemizamo emikhulu, ngakho-ke i-Yu Ji Cha ivamise ukubiza ngaphezulu kunetiye elijwayelekile lohlobo olufanayo. Inani eliphansi kakhulu kungaba wuphawu lomgunyathi noma imvelaphi engeyona ephilayo.
• Ukubukeka (wuphawu olungaqondile): Nakuba ukubukeka kungebona ubufakazi obuqondile bemvelaphi ephilayo, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-Yu Ji Cha ingabukeka “ngokwemvelo” ngokwengeziwe, ngamaqabunga angaphelele kangako futhi afanayo, kunetiye lokukhiqizwa okunamandla. Kodwa-ke, lolu wuphawu olungaqondile kuphela, futhi ukwethembela kulo kuphela akunakwenzeka.
• Iphunga nokunambitheka (wuphawu olungaqondile): Abanye abathandi bathi i-Yu Ji Cha ine phunga elimsulwa, elisha nokunambitheka okungokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, izici zezinzwa zingaxhomeka nakwezinye izici eziningi (uhlobo, indawo yokutshala, ukucutshungulwa), futhi akuzona indlela enokwethenjelwa yokuhlonza itiye eliphilayo ngaphandle kwesitifiketi.

5. Izinhlobo Zetiye Ezikhiqizwa Njenge-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo):

Cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwetiye laseShayina lungakhiqizwa njenge-Yu Ji Cha. Ezivame kakhulu yizinketho eziphilayo zalezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

• Itiye Eliluhlaza (绿茶 - Lü Chá): Izinketho eziphilayo zidume kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-Lóng Jǐng (龙井茶), Bì Luó Chūn (碧螺春), Huáng Shān Máo Fēng (黄山毛峰) kanye namanye amatiye aluhlaza aziwayo. Ukukhiqizwa okuphilayo kwetiye eliluhlaza kuhlonishwa kakhulu, njengoba kugwema ukungena kwezibulala-zinambuzane kulolu hlobo lwetiye olunobumnene nolucutshungulwa kancane.
• Itiye Elimhlophe (白茶 - Bái Chá): Amatiye amhlophe aphilayo, njenge-Bái Háo Yín Zhēn (白毫银针), Bái Mǔ Dān (白牡丹), Shòu Méi (寿眉), nawo aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu. Ubumsulwa nobungokwemvelo bokukhiqizwa okuphilayo kubaluleke kakhulu kumatiye amhlophe, ahlukaniseka ngobumnene bawo nokunambitheka okucekeceke.
• I-Wulong (乌龙茶 - Wū Lóng Chá): Phakathi kwama-wulong aphilayo ungathola kokubili ama-wulong alula (isibonelo, Tiě Guān Yīn - 铁观音), kanye nama-wulong amnyama (isibonelo, ama-wulong ase-Wǔyí Shān - 武夷岩茶). Ukukhiqizwa okuphilayo kwama-wulong kudinga ubungcweti obukhethekile, njengoba enza inqubo yokucutshungulwa eyinkimbinkimbi.
• Itiye Elibomvu (红茶 - Hóng Chá): Amatiye abomvu aphilayo, njenge-Diān Hóng (滇红), Qímén (祁门红茶), Zhèng Shān Xiǎo Zhǒng (正山小种), nawo ayatholakala emakethe. I-Diān Hóng ephilayo, ikakhulukazi, ihlonishwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okunothile nobumsulwa bemvelo.
• I-Pu’er (普洱茶 - Pǔ’ěr Chá): I-pu’er ephilayo, kokubili i-Shēng Pǔ’ěr (生普洱) (eluhlaza), kanye ne-Shú Pǔ’ěr (熟普洱) (evuthiwe), iya ngokuya ithandwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabathandi, abafuna ubungokwemvelo nobungane bemvelo. I-pu’er ephilayo evela ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Yúnnán ihlonishwa kakhulu.
• Itiye Eliphuzi (黄茶 - Huáng Chá): Nakuba ingavamile kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, itiye eliphuzi eliphilayo nalo lingatholakala ezitolo ezikhethekile.

6. Ungaliphisa Kanjani I-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo):

Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokuphisa i-Yu Ji Cha azihlukile kulezo zamatiye ajwayelekile ohlobo olufanayo. Kubalulekile ukunaka izici ezithile zohlobo oluthile lwetiye (oluluhlaza, olumhlophe, i-wulong, olubomvu, i-pu’er) nokulandela izincomo mayelana nezinga lokushisa lamanzi, isikhathi sokuphisa kanye nesitsha, ezifanele lolo hlobo lwetiye. Amathiphu ajwayelekile okuphisa i-Yu Ji Cha:

• Sebenzisa amanzi asezingeni: Amanzi athambile, ahlungiwe ngaphandle kwephunga elingajwayelekile nokungcola kulungele ukuphisa noma iliphi itiye, kuhlanganise ne-Yu Ji Cha, ukuze kwembulwe ngokugcwele ukunambitheka nephunga layo lemvelo.
• Landela izinga lokushisa: Sebenzisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi elinconyelwe uhlobo oluthile lwetiye (isibonelo, eliphansi kumatiye aluhlaza namhlophe, eliphezulu kumatiye abomvu nama-pu’er). Amanzi ashishe kakhulu angashisa itiye elintekenteke futhi alenze libe munyu.
• Zama ngesikhathi sokuphisa: Qala ngesikhathi sokuphisa esinconyiwe bese ulilungisa kancane kancane ngokuya ngentando yakho nangamandla omalukuluku. I-Yu Ji Cha, njengamanye amatiye asezingeni, ivamise ukuphiseka kahle izikhathi ezimbalwa, yembula izici ezahlukene zokunambitheka ngokufaka amanzi kabusha ngakunye.
• Sebenzisa isitsha esifanele: Ukukhetha isitsha (i-gaiwan, i-chalice yobumba, i-porcelain, ingilazi) kungaxhomeka ohlotsheni lwetiye nasezintweni ozenenelayo. I-Yu Ji Cha ihambisana ngokukhethekile nokusebenzisa izitsha ezakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo.
• Jabulela ubungokwemvelo: Lapho uphuza i-Yu Ji Cha, zama ukugxila ekunambithekeni nakwephunga layo elimsulwa, elingokwemvelo, wazise izimfanelo zayo eziqabulayo nezihambisanayo, wazi ukuthi uphuza itiye elitshalwe ngokunakekela impilo kanye nemvelo.

7. Ungayithenga Kuphi I-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo):

I-Yu Ji Cha ingathengwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kuye ngokutholakala kanye nokuthanda kwakho:

• Izitolo ezikhethekile zetiye: Izitolo, ezikhethekile ngetiye laseShayina kanye netiye elisezingeni eliphezulu jikelele, zivame ukuhlinzeka ngezinketho zetiye eliphilayo.
• Izitolo ze-intanethi: Izitolo eziningi ze-intanethi zikhethekile ekuthengiseni itiye eliphilayo, zinikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezithile ze-Yu Ji Cha ezithunyelwa emhlabeni wonke. Uma uthenga ku-intanethi, bheka ubukhona bezitifiketi kanye nesithunzi somthengisi.
• Izitolo zezinto zemvelo kanye nezitolo zokudla okunempilo: Ezitolo, ezigxile ekudleni okuhlanzekile nokuphilayo, nawo uvame ukuthola izinketho zetiye eliphilayo elinesitifiketi.
• Ngokuqondile kubakhiqizi (ngezinye izikhathi): Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma uhambela izifunda zetiye noma ngezinkundla ze-intanethi, ungathenga i-Yu Ji Cha ngokuqondile kubalimi noma ezinkampanini ezibambisanayo zetiye, ezigxile ekukhiqizeni okuphilayo.

8. I-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo) vs. Itiye Lendabuko (Elijwayelekile):

Isici	I-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo)	Itiye Lendabuko (Elijwayelekile)
Izindlela zokutshala	Eziphilayo, eziqhubekayo, ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali	Ukusetshenziswa kwezivundisi zokwenziwa, izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-herbicide
Izibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali	Azikho noma izinsalela ezincane kakhulu	Ukuba khona okukhona kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane namanye amakhemikhali
Umthelela emvelweni	Mincane, inomthwalo wemvelo	Ukungcola okungaba khona kwenhlabathi, amanzi, ukulahleka kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo
Impilo yabantu	Kubhekwa njengokuphephile, ubungozi obuncane bamakhemikhali	Ubungozi obukhona, obuhlobene nezibulala-zinambuzane nezinsalela zamakhemikhali
Ukunambitheka nephunga	Kuvame ukuchazwa njengokumsulwa, okungokwemvelo, okucwengekile	Ukunambitheka kungase kungabi nayo imininingwane eminingi, kube nokunambitheka okuhlukile okungase kube khona
Intengo	Ivamise ukubiza kakhulu ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okudinga izindleko eziphezulu	Ivamise ukubiza kancane, ukukhiqizwa okuningi
Isitifiketi	Isitifiketi sokuphila (isiqinisekiso esinokwethenjelwa)	Ngokuvamile asikho, imininingwane yohlobo nendawo kuphela
Ukugxila kokukhiqizwa	Impilo, imvelo, ukusimama, ikhwalithi	Inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa okuningi, intengo

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yu Ji Cha (Itiye Eliphilayo) alilona nje itiye, kodwa ukukhetha okuqaphelayo okuhambisana nempilo, imvelo kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Uma ukhetha i-Yu Ji Cha, awutholi nje kuphela isiphuzo esimnandi nesinephunga elimnandi, kodwa futhi usekela izimiso zokunakekela ngokucophelela kwemvelo, ubulungiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa okunomthwalo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakaselayo:

Umlando wokulima itiye okuphilayo eShayina waqala ngawo-1990, lapho amapulazi etiye okuqala eSifundazweni i-Zhèjiāng (浙江) ethola izitifiketi zokuphila zamazwe ngamazwe. Kuyathakasela ukuthi izimiso eziningi zokulima okuphilayo zihambelana nemibono yendabuko yamaTao yokuvumelana nemvelo, echazwe emqulwini wasendulo othi “Chá Jīng” (茶经) ka-Lù Yǔ.

Ipulazi letiye eliphilayo elisenyuke kakhulu eShayina lisendaweni yase-Měnghǎi Xiàn (勐海县) esifundazweni i-Yúnnán ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-2200. Izimo eziphambili zokukhula kanye nomoya wasezintabeni omsulwa kwakha i-terroir eyingqayizivele ye-pu’er ephilayo, ehlonishwa ngabaqoqi emhlabeni wonke.

Ezolimweni zetiye okuphilayo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimangalisayo zokuvikela okungokwemvelo. Isibonelo, kwamanye amasimi kutshalwa uhlobo oluthile lweminyovu eyizimbazane (茶小蜂), ezizalela amaqanda ezimpethwini zezilokazane zetiye. Kwamanye amapulazi kusetshenziswa izicupho zama-pheromone ezinephunga lezinsikazi zezinambuzane eziyizilokazane, eziheha futhi zibulale abesilisa.

Itiye eliphilayo livamise ukuba yikhaya lezinhlobo ezingavamile. Emasimini aphilayo anezitifiketi e-Fújiàn (福建) kutholwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinambuzane eziwusizo, okuhlanganisa nezimvemvane ezingavamile ezitholakala endaweni. Ezinye zazo zivikelwe nguhulumeni futhi zisebenza njengezinkomba zobumsulwa bemvelo bendawo.

Kunomkhuba oyisipesheli wokunambitha itiye eliphilayo kwezinye izindlu zetiye zika-Hángzhōu (杭州), lapho ngaphambi kokuphuza itiye izivakashi zicelwa ukuzwa iphunga lomhlabathi owomile ovela epulazini eliphilayo, ukuze zizwe umehluko nomhlabathi ojwayelekile. Umhlabathi ophilayo unephunga elinothile, elimnandi le-humus, okufakazela umsebenzi wamagciwane omhlabathi onempilo.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences lubonise ukuthi izinga lama-polyphenols etiyeni eliluhlaza eliphilayo i-Lóng Jǐng (龙井) liphakeme ngo-23% kunelomhlaba ojwayelekile. Lokhu kuchazwa yikuthi izitshalo, ezitshalwa ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali, zikhiqiza kakhulu ezazo izinto zokuzivikela, eziningi zazo eziwusizo kubantu.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

I-Yu Ji Cha (有机茶) ivamise ukubiza ngaphezu kuka-30-100% kunetiye elifanayo elijwayelekile ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokukhiqiza, ukuthola izitifiketi kanye namavolumu amancane esivuno. Inani elimaphakathi letiye eliphilayo laseShayina elisezingeni lisukela kuma-yuan angu-200 kuya kwangu-2000 ngekhilogremu, kuye ngohlobo, indawo kanye nedumela lomkhiqizi.

Izinto ezinomthelela entengo: izindleko zesitifiketi sokuphila (ezingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zama-yuan ngonyaka), isivuno esincane (esincane ngo-20-40% ngaphandle kwezivundisi zamakhemikhali), izindleko eziphakeme zabasebenzi zokususa ukhula ngesandla nokulwa nezinambuzane, ukutshala imali ekwakheni isimiso semvelo sepulazi, ukumakethwa okuphakeme emakethe.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zomgunyathi: ukusetshenziswa kwezitifiketi ezingamanga noma amalogo omkhiqizo ophilayo, ukuhlanganisa itiye eliphilayo nelijwayelekile ukuze kwandiswe ivolumu, ukuthengiswa kwetiye elijwayelekile kuthiwe eliphilayo ngenani eliphakeme, ukusetshenziswa kwezitifiketi eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ezihoxisiwe, izimangalo ezingamanga zokuthi umkhiqizo “wemvelo” noma “unobungane bemvelo” ngaphandle kwesitifiketi sangempela.

Ungawubona kanjani umgunyathi: hlola inombolo yesitifiketi kuwebhusayithi yenhlangano eyisikhishile, cela ikhophi yesitifiketi esisebenza ngezinsuku, naka intengo ephansi kakhulu (engaphansi kwemakethe ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu), hlola ukupakishwa – imikhiqizo ephilayo yamaqiniso inophawu olucacile olunenombolo yesitifiketi, thenga kubathengisi abanokwethenjelwa abanedumela elihle.

Izinhlangano ezinokwethenjelwa zezitifiketi zetiye laseShayina eliphilayo: i-COFCC (中国有机食品认证中心), i-OFDC (南京国环有机产品认证中心), kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe – i-USDA Organic, i-EU Organic, i-JAS Organic. Isitifiketi ngasinye sinenombolo yaso eyingqayizivele, engahlolwa kusizindalwazi senhlangano.

Izincomo zokuthenga: buza izitifiketi ngokuqondile kumthengisi, thenga ezitolo ezikhethekile zemikhiqizo ephilayo, naka incazelo eningiliziwe yepulazi nezindlela zokukhiqiza, qaphela ukuhlukahluka okubanzi “kwetiye eliphilayo” kumthengisi oyedwa – amapulazi aphilayo angempela avamise ukugxila enanini elilinganiselwe lezinhlobo ezithile.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugcinwa okulungile kwe-Yu Ji Cha (有机茶) kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni izimfanelo zayo eziphilayo, ukunambitheka kwemvelo kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo. Itiye eliphilayo, elingenawo ama-preservative kanye nezinzisi zamakhemikhali, lingase lizwele kakhulu ezimeni zokugcinwa.

Izitha eziyinhloko zetiye eliphilayo – ukukhanya, umoya, umswakama, amaphunga kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Imisebe ye-ultraviolet ibhubhisa i-chlorophyll nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kombala nokunambitheka. Umoya-mpilo ubangela ukufiphala, okubhubhisa ngokukhethekile amatiye aluhlaza namhlophe aphilayo. Umswakama ongaphezu kuka-60% ungadala ukukhunta, okuyingozi kakhulu etiyeni elingenakho ukuvikelwa ngamakhemikhali.

Izimo zokugcina ezifanele: izinga lokushisa elingu-15-20°C, umswakama olinganiselwe wama-50-60%, ubumnyama obuphelele, ukungabikho kwamaphunga angajwayelekile. Ukuze ugcinwe isikhathi esifushane (kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisi-6), kufaneleka amabhakede wethini avalekayo noma iziqukathi ze-ceramic ezinezivalo ezivala kahle. Ukuze ugcinwe isikhathi eside, sebenzisa ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum noma iziqandisi ezikhethekile zetiye.

Izinto zokugcina: kufaneleka kakhulu ithini elinokugxilisa kokudla, i-ceramic, uqalo, i-kraft-paper ekhethekile yetiye. Gwema iplastiki, engadlulisa amaphunga, nengilazi ecacile, edlula ukukhanya. Kuma-pu’er, ngokwendabuko kusetshenziswa ukugoqa ngoqalo (竹壳), okuvumela itiye ukuba “liphefumule”.

Izici zokugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Yu Ji Cha: amatiye aluhlaza namhlophe aphilayo athambile kakhulu – kungcono ukusetshenziswa onyakeni owodwa, angagcinwa esiqandisini ku-+5°C emaphaketheni avaliwe. Ama-wulong namatiye abomvu azinzile – agcinwa iminyaka emi-2-3 ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. I-pu’er ephilayo, ikakhulukazi i-shēng, ingagcinwa amashumi eminyaka endaweni engenisa umoya futhi enomswakama olawulekayo.

Ukuhlola ikhwalithi lapho ugcinwa: hlola itiye njalo ukuthi akunazo yini amaphunga angajwayelekile, ushintsho lombala wamaqabunga, ukubonakala komswakama noma ukukhunta. Itiye eliphilayo elingenakho ukuvikelwa ngamakhemikhali lidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwesimo lapho ligcinwa isikhathi eside.

9. Ukuphisa:

Ukuphisa i-Yu Ji Cha (有机茶) kudinga ukunaka okukhethekile imininingwane, ukuze kwembulwe ngokuphelele ubumsulwa nobungokwemvelo betiye eliphilayo. Njengoba itiye eliphilayo litshalwa ngaphandle kwezithasiselo zamakhemikhali, amaqabunga alo avamise ukuba nezici zokunambitheka ezicekeceke futhi ezinemininingwane eminingi, ezidinga indlela enobunyoninco lapho kuphiliswa.

Ukulungiswa kwamanzi – isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu. Kwi-Yu Ji Cha kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi omthombo noma amanzi ahlungiwe kahle anezinga eliphansi lamaminerali (amanzi athambile). Amanzi alukhuni anezinga eliphezulu le-calcium ne-magnesium angacindezela amanothi athambile etiye eliphilayo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi liyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwetiye: kwi-Yu Ji Cha eluhlaza – 70-80°C, kwelimhlophe – 75-85°C, kuma-wulong – 85-95°C, kwelibomvu – 90-95°C, kwe-pu’er – 95-100°C.

Umthamo wetiye eliphilayo ungahluka kancane kunowokujwayelekile. Njengoba amaqabunga e-Yu Ji Cha evamise ukuphelela futhi angaphukile kangako (ngenxa yokucutshungulwa kwesandla ngokucophelela), kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagremu angu-3-5 etiye kumamililitha angu-150-200 amanzi. Ukuze kusetshenziswe indlela ye-Gōng Fū Chá (功夫茶), sebenzisa amagremu angu-5-7 kumamililitha angu-100-150.

Ukuhlanza okokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu etiyeni eliphilayo. Ukuhlambulula okusheshayo kwamaqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo (imizuzwana emi-5-10) kusiza “ukuvusa” itiye, kususe noma yiluphi uthuli nokulungiselela amaqabunga ukuze aphiliswe. La manzi kufanele athululwe.

Isikhathi sokuphisa kwe-Yu Ji Cha: ukuphisa kokuqala – imizuzwana engu-20-30 kumatiye aluhlaza namhlophe, imizuzwana engu-30-45 kuma-wulong namatiye abomvu. Ukuphisa okulandelayo ngakunye kwenyuswa ngemizuzwana engu-10-15. Itiye eliphilayo livamise ukukwazi ukuphiseka izikhathi eziningi (6-10), kancane kancane kwembula izendlalelo ezahlukene zokunambitheka.

Isitsha sokuphisa kufanele senziwe ngezinto zemvelo. Kufaneleka kakhulu ubumba lwe-Yíxīng (宜兴紫砂), i-porcelain noma ingilazi. Gwema izitsha zensimbi, ezingathinta ukunambitheka okuthambile kwetiye eliphilayo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, qiniseka ukuthi ufudumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.