Yíméng Yù Yá · new.thetea.app

I-Yíméng Yù Yá (沂蒙玉芽, Yíméng yù yá) — “Ingquza yeJade ye[zintaba] Yimeng” — itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela esifundeni sase-Jǔnán (莒南县, Jǔnán Xiàn) edolobheni lase-Línyí (临沂市, Línyí Shì) esifundazweni sase-Shāndōng (山东省), elimela “igagasi lesibili” lomnyakazo wase-Shāndōng othi “Itiye Laseningizimu Liya Enyakatho” (南茶北引, Nánchá Běiyǐn). Leli tiye liqanjwe ngezintaba zase-Yíméng (沂蒙山, Yíméng Shān) — isifunda esidumile “esibomvu” esaduma phakathi neMpi Yokulwa NamaJapane kanye Nombango Wasekhaya njenge “sisekelo” se-CCP. Isici esiyiveza ngokukhethekile— iphunga elinothile lomkhiqizo we-castanea (栗香浓郁持久), elidalwa umehluko we-amplitude yokushisa emini nobusuku “obusezansi” kanye nokukhula okuhamba kancane kwamahlumela. Owayengumqondisi we-China Tea Research Institute we-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences u-Chéng Qǐkūn (程启坤) wanikeza ukuhlaziya okuphezulu kakhulu: “Eningizimu kukhona i-Lóngjǐng yase-Hángzhōu, enyakatho kukhona i-Yíméng Yù Yá” (南有杭州龙井，北有沂蒙玉芽). Isazi setiye sase-Japan u-Matsushita Satoshi (松下智), ongusihlalo we-Japan Tea Association, washiya umbhalo we-calligraphy othi: “Imvelo engashintshile — itiye le-Yùyá” (无为自然玉芽名茶).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye neMvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavuthwanga. Isimo esiyisisekelo — isicaba (扁平形, biǎnpíng xíng), esigobile kancane, nobuso obulinganayo. Eminye imigqa eyengeziwe: “Amapayini” e-sōngzhēn (松针, sōngzhēn, “inalithi yomphayini”), i-spiral i-Bìluóchūn (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn), “eliwubuhlalo” i-Tuányuán Chūn (团圆春, Tuányuán Chūn, “Intwasahlobo Yokuhlangana”).
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo ogunyazwe ngokomhlaba we-People’s Republic of China (中国农产品地理标志产品, 2010). Indondo yegolide eMbonisweni Wesibili Kazwelonke Wezolimo (第二届中国农业博览会金奖, 1995). Isitifiketi “somkhiqizo oluhlaza” (绿色食品, 2003). Isimo “Sezwe Letiye lase-China” (中国茶叶之乡) senkathi yesifunda sase-Jǔnán. Sekukonke — imiklomelo engaphezu kuka-116 ezingeni ledolobha, lesifundazwe, kanye nezwe, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili engaphansi kwezinga likazwelonke.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shāndōng (山东省), idolobha lase-Línyí (临沂市, Línyí Shì), isifunda sase-Jǔnán (莒南县, Jǔnán Xiàn). Umgogodla wokukhiqiza — ilokishi lase-Zhūbiān (洙边镇, Zhūbiān Zhèn) nezindawo ezizungezile. Indawo egunyazwe ngokomhlaba ihlanganisa izifunda eziyishumi nantathu (乡镇): Zhūbiān, Zhuānggǎng (壮岗镇), Tuánlín (团林镇), Zhūlú (朱芦镇), Fāngqián (坊前镇), Wéntuān (文疃镇), Píngshàng (坪上镇), Làopō (涝坡镇), Xiānggōu (相沟乡), Shízìlù (十字路镇), Xiāngdǐ (相邸镇), Tīngshuǐ (汀水镇), Shíliánzǐ (石莲子镇).
Ukuma kwezulu: Cishe 35°20′ N, 118°50′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nenani Lamasiko:

Umlando:

“Itiye Laseningizimu — Liya Enyakatho” (1966). Ngaphansi kohlelo lukazwelonke “南茶北引” (Nánchá Běiyǐn), olwaqala ngeminyaka ye-1950 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutshalwa kwetiye ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho, e-Línyí kwangeniswa izithombo ezivela ezindaweni eziseningizimu — e-Fújiàn, Ānhuī, Zhèjiāng. Emathafeni agqagqeneyo ezintaba zase-Yíméng, lapho kwakunezisekelo zabadlali bezombangazwe, lapho kwakungekho ukungcola kwezimboni, izithombo zaqala ukuphila ngokuphumelelayo, zaseka isisekelo sokutshalwa kwetiye e-Shāndōng. Amasimu okuqala okuhlolwa atshalwa ngo-1966 — okungenani amashumi amabili eminyaka ngemva kwe-Rìzhào (日照), eyabe iyingqalabutho yomnyakazo eShāndōng esenyakatho.

Ukusungulwa Kophawu (1994). Inkampani i-Línyí Yùyá Cháyè (临沂市玉芽茶业有限公司, Línyí Shì Yùyá Cháyè Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) yakha itiye elaqala ukudayisa ngegama elithi “Jǔnán Lǜchá” (莒南绿茶, “Itiye Eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Jǔnán”). Kamuva igama lashintshwa laba “Yíméng Yù Yá” — “Ingquza yeJade ye[zintaba] Yimeng”, okugcizelela ukuxhumana nentaba edumile kanye nokungavamile kwehlumela letiye elisengcupheni “lasezansi”.

Ukuhlonishwa (1995–2010). Ngo-1995 leli tiye lathola indondo yegolide eMbonisweni Wesibili Kazwelonke Wezolimo (第二届中国农业博览会). Ngo-2001 izinhlobo “Yùyá” kanye “Bìyá Chūn” (碧芽春) zanikezwa isimo “semikhiqizo edumile” (名牌产品) eMbonisweni Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wezolimo Wase-China. Ngo-2003 kwatholakala isitifiketi “somkhiqizo oluhlaza” (绿色食品). Ngo-2010 uMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC wagunyaza ukuthi indawo ethile yase “Jǔnán Lǜchá” ingaphawu lokuhlonza. Ngo-2022 inani lophawu lweqa izigidi ezingu-6 zama-yuan.

Ingadi Yokuboniswa (沂蒙玉芽茶叶科技示范园). Umgogodla wokukhiqiza — “Yíméng Yùyá Cháyè Kējì Shìfàn Yuán” (沂蒙玉芽茶叶科技示范园, “Ipaki Yokuboniswa Yesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Letiye i-Yíméng Yùyá”) enesilinganiso se-520 mu (~34.7 hectare) elokishini lase-Zhūbiān. Leli paki lihlanganisa imisebenzi yokutshala, iziko lokuhlola, kanye nendawo yezivakashi.

Igama:
- “Yíméng” (沂蒙, Yíméng) — izintaba zase-Yíméng, igama elakhiwe ngemifula emibili: Yí (沂, Yí) no Měng (蒙, Méng), egeleza phakathi kwentaba. Lesi sifunda singenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zomlando “obomvu” (革命) wase-China.
- “Yù Yá” (玉芽, Yù Yá) — “Ingquza yeJade” — isisho esimele ubumnene, ubumsulwa, kanye nobungako bengquza yasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-jade (玉) emasikweni ase-China iwuphawu lobuhle nokuphelela.
Inani lamasiko: Izintaba zase-Yíméng zingenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zomlando ombi wase-PRC. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yokulwa NamaJapane (1937–1945) kanye Nombango Wasekhaya (1946–1949) lapha kwakunezisekelo zokuma (根据地, gēnjùdì) ze-CCP. Ngendlela exhumanisa, ukungabibikho kwentuthuko yezimboni phakathi nezikhathi zempi kanye namashumi eminyaka alandela kwagcina ubumsulwa bemvelo yalesi sifunda. Itiye i-Yíméng Yù Yá liphethe izincazelo ezimbili: umlando — ozalwa “emhlabeni obomvu”, lapho kwenziwa khona amaqhawe, — kanye nemvelo — okukhuliswe endaweni engangcoliwe yezisekelo zangaphambili. “Izintaba ezibomvu zizalela ijade eliluhlaza” (红色的山生出绿色的玉) — lo ngumfanekiso wezinkondlo oqinile wophawu. Uhambo lwabaholi abaphezulu be-PRC (uNobhala Jikelele Hu Jintao, uNdunankulu Zhu Rongji, ilungu le-Permanent Committee of the Politburo Wu Guanzheng, nabanye) emasimini etiye ase-Jǔnán kugcizelele ukubaluleka kwamasu kokutshalwa kwetiye endaweni.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Eyinhloko — Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, i-asexual clone (无性系良种, wúxìngxì liángzhǒng), isabelo — cishe amaphesenti angama-70 okutshalwa. I-Fúdǐng Dàbái yiyona leyo cultivar okukhishwa kuyo e-Fújiàn itiye elimhlophe i-Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针); enkabazwe engu-35° e-Shāndōng ithola isimo esihluke ngokuphelele — iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea kanye nokunambitheka okuqinile kwetiye eliluhlaza “lasezansi”. Ezinye ezisetshenziswayo: Ānhuī Huángshān Zhǒng (安徽黄山种, Ānhuī Huángshān Zhǒng) — uhlobo olunabantu abaningi lwase-Ānhuī, kanye Zhèjiāng Jiūkēng Zhǒng (浙江鸠坑种, Zhèjiāng Jiūkēng Zhǒng) — olunye lwezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zase-Zhèjiāng. Ngokocwaningo lwezitho zomzimba, izihlahla zetiye zase-Jǔnán zinezingqimba eziwugqinsi ze-epidermal cuticle kanye nezendlala ezintathu ze-palisade tissue (ngokumelene nezimbili ezihlahleni zetiye eziseningizimu), okuyisibonakaliso sokumelana nokucindezeleka okuphakeme okutholwe ngesikhathi “sokuzivumelanisa nokuhlala enyakatho”.
Ukuvuna: Ebusika, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-March kuya ku-April. Ibanga eliphakeme (特级, tèjí) — ingquza eyodwa (单芽, dānyá). Ibanga lokuqala (一级, yījí) — ingquza eyodwa + iqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chūzhǎn). Itiye lasekwindla alikhiqizwa.
Iwindi lezinto zokusetshenziswa:
- Ibanga eliphakeme (特级): Ingquza eyodwa, isicaba, sigobile kancane, sinombala omnene ophuzi-oluhlaza, noboya obuningi. Ukuhlukehlukana — okungenani amaphesenti angama-95.
- Ibanga lokuqala (一级): Ingquza eyodwa + iqabunga elilodwa. Isimo esicaba, oluhlaza noboya.
- Ibanga lesibili (二级): Ingquza eyodwa + amaqabunga amabili. Kuvunyelwe ukungafani okuncane.

4. Itanothi kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esipholile esomile sesimo sezulu sasendle (暖温带湿润季风气候, nuǎn wēndài shīrùn jìfēng qìhòu). Isilinganiso somoya sonyaka — 14.1°C. Imvula ephakathi yonyaka — 865 mm, igxile enkathini yehlobo. Umswakamo ohambisanayo — 72%. Isikhathi esingenamanzonzo — 216 izinsuku. Isici esibalulekile — umehluko omkhulu wokushisa emini nobusuku: amathuba aphezulu emini ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo afinyelela ku-18–22°C kuyilapho amathuba aphansi ebusuku engu-4–8°C. Leli amplitude linciphisa isivinini sokukhula kwamahlumela futhi likhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwama-amino acid nama-compounds anephunga — lapho kuvela iphunga elinothile lomkhiqizo we-castanea, elingekho emi-methonjini “yaseningizimu” ekhula ngokushesha.
Ukukhuphuka: Indawo enamagquma (丘陵, qiūlíng), ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwamasimu — 200–400 m. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yalesi sifunda — intaba i-Mǎqí (马鬐山, Mǎqí Shān), 662.2 m. Amasimu etiye atholakala kakhulu emiqcamelweni osempumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga — ezindundumeni eziyisisekelo zangaphambili zombhalo we-Láoshān–Wǔlián (崂山—五莲山脉).
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi enombala o-brown (棕壤土, zōng rǎng tǔ), engaphezu kwegranite noma i-gneiss. i-pH engu-5.5–6.8 — i-acid encane, efanele izihlahla zetiye. Ungqimba lwenhlabathi olujulile (>60 cm), ukwakheka okuthambile, ukugqabula kwamanzi nomoya okuhle. Umthamo wezinto eziphilayo — ngokwesilinganiso u-1.1%. I-nitrogen etholakalayo — 116.75 mg/kg, i-phosphorus etholakalayo — 47.4 mg/kg, i-potassium etholakalayo — 85.4 mg/kg.
Imithombo yamanzi: Lesi sifunda sitholakala emgodini we-Huái Hé, kunemifula engama-323 enobude obungu-1708 km. Amasimu etiye — endaweni yokongiwa kwamanzi ohlelweni lwamanzi asogwini (滨海水系). Ukumbozwa kwehlathi — amaphesenti angu-55 endaweni engumgogodla wokukhiqiza.
Imvelo: Ukuvinjwa okuphelele komanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane endaweni engumgogodla. Uhlelo lwendalo oluvalekile “ingulube → i-biogas → itiye” (猪—沼—茶, zhū—zhǎo—chá): izibi zezifuyo ziyabiliswa emakhemelweni e-biogas, bese umgquba otholiwe usetshenziswa njengomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo. Ukumbozwa kwezitshalo phakathi kwemigqa (行间覆草, hángjiān fùcǎo) kuvimbela ukuguguleka futhi kugcina umswakamo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa “okuhlanzekile” okuqhutshwa ngokuphelele ngomshini (全程机械化清洁生产, quánchéng jīxièhuà qīngjié shēngchǎn). Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko: ukulungiswa kokuluhlaza ngomoya oshisayo (热风杀青), ukomiswa nge-microwave (微波干燥), ukupakishwa nge-vacuum (真空包装), ukugcinwa ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa.

Ukwenaba (摊放, tānfàng): Amahora ama-2–4 emthunzini ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni. Inhloso — ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi eqabungeni kusuka ku-~78% kuya ku-~68%, ukuqala inqubo yokuqala yokwakheka kwephunga. Amahlumela enwetshwa ngongqimba oluncane (~3 cm) emathreyini o bamboo.
“Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Kwenziwa emshinini wokudlidliza wokwelula imigqa (振动理条机, zhèndòng lǐtiáo jī) ku-130–140°C. Ukudlidliza kuhamba kancane futhi kuqala ukwakhiwa kwesimo esicaba seqabunga letiye. Ngemva kokuqinisa — ukwabiwa okuncane ngamahora angu-30 ukuze kungeniswe umoya nokususwa kwamanzi angeqiwe ebusweni.
Ukwakhiwa (整形, zhěngxíng): Izinga lokushisa elingu-90–100°C. Iqabunga licindezelwa phakathi kwama-plate ashisayo, lenze isimo esicaba, esigobile kancane esiyinkomba (略扁挺直). Le nqubo inika iqabunga letiye ubuso obushelelayo kanye nesithombe esihle.
Ukoma kokugcina (足干, zúgān): Izinga lokushisa elingu-90°C emshinini wokomisa kuze kube yilapho umthamo wamanzi uba ≤5%. Ngalesi sigaba iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea liyaqiniswa — ukuhlangana kwe-Maillard phakathi kwama-amino acid noshukela ezingeni lokushisa elilawulwayo kwakha izinhlanganisela ze-pyrazine eziyinkomba.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Izicaba, zigobile kancane, amaqabunga etiye acijile (略扁挺直, lüè biǎn tǐng zhí). Umbala — uphuzi-oluhlaza omnene (嫩黄绿, nèn huáng lǜ) nokukhanya okuluhlaza okuncane. Ebangeni eliphezulu — uboya obumhlophe obuningi (白毫显露). Usayizi wamaqabunga etiye uyalingana, awekho amaqabunga aphukile.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea (栗香, lìxiāng) elibonakalayo — elifudumele, eliyindilinga, namathoni wamakhasteni athosiwe nobumnandi obuncane. Lihlanzekile futhi liqinile (清香持久).
Iphunga lencithakalo: Iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea livela ngamandla, lengezwe amanothi utshani obusanda ukugaywa kanye nethoni emnene yebhontshisi. Ukunotha nokuqina — kungaphezulu kunetiye eliningi eliluhlaza lasezansi lezigaba ezifanayo.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha futhi kumnene (鲜醇, xiān chún), kuhle emlonyeni (爽口, shuǎng kǒu). Umzimba — ophakathi nendawo, nokuzwakala “okunamafutha”. Ubukrakra buncane. Ukubuyiswa kobumnandi (回甘, huígān) — kubonakalayo, nokwandayo “okunoshukela” (生甜, shēng tián). Ukunambitheka ngemva — okude, okunomfutho we-castanea.
Umbala wencithakalo: Uphuzi, okhanyayo futhi okhanyayo (黄亮清澈, huáng liàng qīng chè). Okungaguquki. Ebangeni eliphezulu — kukhona ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuncane.
Iphansi letiye (iqabunga elidaliwe): Liluhlaza ngobumnene, liyalingana, “liyaphila”. Ebangeni eliphezulu izingquza zime ziqonde (芽尖直立, yá jiān zhí lì) — isibonakaliso sezinto ezingenakonakala nokusebenza ngokucophelela.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚): Ngokwabakhiqizi — angaphezu kwama-30% avareji yetiye eliluhlaza. I-thanothi “elisenyakatho” enobusuku obupholile inciphisa ukuguqulwa kwama-catechin, iwagcine esimweni esingaguquki, esibabayo kancane. I-Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá njenge-cultivar ibonakala ngephrofayili elinganiselayo lama-polyphenol — “兼具浓强、鲜爽、醇厚” (ukufana, ukusha, nokugcwala kanyekanye).
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): Umthamo ophakeme — cishe amaphesenti ama-4–5 wezinto ezinomswakama (lapho avareji yetiye eliluhlaza ingu-~2–4%). I-latitude ephakeme (35° N) kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwesilinganiso somoya emini nobusuku kukhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwe-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) — owona oyinhloko “wama-umami” kanye nesithako somsebenzi wokubambisana “wokugxila okungaxakile” ne-caffeine. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusuku licindezela ukuwohloka kwe-theanine ibe ama-catechin, linikeze isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenol (酚氨比, fēn’ān bǐ) — isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sephrofayili yokunambitheka “okusha” nokumnene.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Ephakathi, cishe u-3.0–4.0% — izinga elijwayelekile letiye eliluhlaza elisekelwe ku-Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá. Uma kuhlanganiswa nomthamo ophakeme we-theanine kunikeza “ukugqama okumnene” ngaphandle kokuhlangana.
Ama-vitamin: C (i-ascorbic acid — etiyeni eliluhlaza ugcinwa kangcono kunezinhlobo ezivuthiwe), B₁ (thiamine), B₂ (riboflavin), E (ama-tocopherol), K.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium (K), i-magnesium (Mg), i-zinc (Zn), i-manganese (Mn), i-fluoride (F). Inhlabathi enombala o-brown yase-Jǔnán inikeza umthamo ophakeme we-potassium etholakalayo.
Izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi: Iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea lakhiwa ama-pyrazine nama-pyrrole — imikhiqizo ye-Maillard reaction ngesikhathi sokubulawa kokuluhlaza kanye nokoma. Ukukhula okuhamba kancane kwamahlumela kwandisa ukugcwala kwezandulela zephunga (ama-amino acid + ushukela ocwengekile) ezintweni zokusetshenziswa.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa nokugqwala: Umthamo ophakeme wama-polyphenol (ama-catechin, i-EGCG iyinhloko) unikeza ukuncishiswa kwama-radicals ahamba kancane kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi yokugqwala.
Umthelela wokuvuselela ngephrofayili emnene: Ukuhlangana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine — “ukuhlaba ngaphandle kokukhathazeka”. I-theanine ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamaza e-α ebuchosheni, ithanda isimo “sokugxila okungaxakile”.
Ukwesekwa kwemisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ithuthukisa inkumbulo nokunaka, isiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi uma kuhlangene ne-caffeine umphumela uyakhuliswa.
Ukwesekwa kokuphathwa kwamafutha: Ama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, akhuthaza ukushiswa kwamafutha kanye nokunciphisa izinga lama-cholesterol “amabi” (LDL).
Ukwesekwa kohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol athuthukisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi futhi asiza ekubuyiseleni umfutho wegazi esimweni esejwayelekile.
Ukuqiniswa kotshani lwamazinyo: I-fluoride etholakala eqabungeni letiye inomthelela wokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo.
Ukwesekwa kwamasosha omzimba: I-Vitamin C nama-catechin anikeza umphumela wokulawula amasosha omzimba kanye nokunciphisa ukuvuvuka.

9. Ukuphekwa:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 85–90°C. Ebangeni eliphezulu (单芽) — umkhawulo ongaphansi (85°C), ukuze kungashiswa izingquza ezinde.
Ubuningi betiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).
Izitsha:
- Ikomishi lengilazi (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) — efanele ukubukela “umdanso wamahlumela”. Indlela ekhethwayo ebangeni eliphezulu.
- I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — yokupheka okulawulwa kakhulu ngezikhathi ezimfishane zokuthulula.
Inqubo (ikomishi lengilazi):
1. Fudumeza ikomishi ngamanzi abilayo, uwalahle.
2. Thela amanzi angu-7/10 omthamo (85–90°C).
3. Thela u-3 g wetiye (“enkulu” indlela yokuthelela — 上投法, shàng tóu fǎ).
4. Buka ukuthi izingquza zehla kancane, zivuleka ziqonde.
5. Lala imizuzu emi-2-3. Phuza ekupheleleni kuka-2/3 wekomishi — yengeza amanzi.
6. Kukhona ukungezelelwa okungu-3-4.
Inqubo (i-gàiwǎn):
1. Fudumeza i-gàiwǎn ne-chá hǎi ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela u-3 g wetiye. Ukuhlambulula — imizuzwana engu-5, walahle.
3. Isikhathi sokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
4. Okulandelayo ngakunye — +5 imizuzwana.
5. Kukhona ukuthululwa okungu-6-8.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, efrijini 0–5°C. Okuhle kakhulu — ukupakishwa nge-vacuum emaphaketheni e-aluminium.
Itiye elisha: “Ukuphumula” (退火, tuìhuǒ) izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu ngemva kokukhiqiza — ukuze kuzinzwe iphunga nokunciphisa ukunambitheka “okuhlatshwa umlilo”.
Ngemva kokuvula: Umkhiqizi uncoma ukusebenzisa phakathi kwamahora angu-72 — iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea liphuma kakhulu futhi liphuma ngokushesha uma lihlangana nomoya. Lesi ngesinye sezibonakaliso ezinzima kakhulu phakathi kwetiye eliluhlaza lase-China.
Izitha zetiye: Umswakamo, iphunga elingaphandle, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ungaligcini eduze kwemikhiqizo enamaphunga anamandla.
Usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi: Emaphaketheni e-vacuum avaliwe ku-0–5°C — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngemva kokuvula — ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu.

11. Intengo kanye Namalingiso:

Izinga lentengo eliyisisekelo:
- Ibanga eliphezulu (特级, ingquza eyodwa) — kusuka ku-600 yuan nge-500 g (~1200 yuan/kg).
- Ibanga lokuqala (一级, ingquza eyodwa + iqabunga elilodwa) — 300–500 yuan nge-500 g.
- Ibanga lesibili (二级) — lesibalo, intengo ekhona.
Uzogwema kanjani amalingiso:
- Thenga itiye elinophawu lokuhlonza indawo oluthi “莒南绿茶” (Jǔnán Lǜchá) — uphawu olusemthethweni lokuvikela.
- Naka isimo: i-Yíméng Yù Yá yangempela — iyisicaba, igobile kancane, ihle, inombala omnene ophuzi-oluhlaza. Amaqabunga etiye awokwakheka, aluhlaza okotshani, noma agoqiwe kakhulu — uphawu lokungenisa.
- Hlola iphunga: iphunga le-castanea langempela — linothile, liqinile, alinawo amanothi ahluphayo “otshani” noma amanzi.
- Hlola incithakalo: kufanele ibe phuzi, ikhanye, icwebe. Incithakalo enamanzi noma eluhlaza okotshani ekhombisa izinto ezingafanele noma ukucutshungulwa.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo: ibanga eliphezulu alikwazi ukubiza ngaphansi kuka-600 yuan/500 g.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

“Izintaba ezibomvu — ijade eliluhlaza”. Izintaba zase-Yíméng zingenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zomlando ombi we-PRC. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yokulwa NamaJapane kanye Nombango Wasekhaya lapha kwakunezisekelo zokuma ze-CCP, kanti umphakathi wanikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu embuthweni. Manje lezi zintaba “ezibomvu” zizalela “ijade eliluhlaza” — i-Yíméng Yù Yá, futhi itiye seliyithuluzi lokuvuselelwa komnotho kwalesi sifunda.
I-cultivar eyodwa — amatiye amabili. I-cultivar eyinhloko — i-Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá, yiyona leyo nhlobo ekhiqizwa ngayo e-Fújiàn enkabazweni engu-27° N itiye elimhlophe i-Báiháo Yínzhēn. Uma idluliselwa enkabazweni engu-35° N e-Shāndōng, iphenduka itiye eliluhlaza elinephunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea — isibonelo esihle sokusetshenziswa “kwe-cultivar ngaphesheya kwesifunda”, lapho i-thanothi iguqula ngokuphelele isimo somkhiqizo.
Amahora angu-72 ngemva kokuvula. Umkhiqizi uncoma ukusetshenziswa kwetiye phakathi kwamahora angu-72 ngemva kokuvula iphakethe — iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea liphuma ngesivinini esikhulu. Lesi ngesinye sezingqinamba eziqinile kakhulu phakathi kwetiye lonke eliluhlaza lase-China futhi siyisibonakaliso sokuntengantenga “kwebhokisi” lasezansi.
Izendlala ezintathu ze-palisade tissue. Ucwaningo lwezitho zomzimba ezihlahleni zetiye zase-Shāndōng lwakhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nokuhlala enyakatho zathuthukisa ungqimba olugqinsi lwe-cuticle kanye nezendlala ezintathu ze-palisade tissue (kunokuba zibe mbili ezihlahleni zetiye eziseningizimu) — ukuzivumelanisa nomkhathi onzima, okwandisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka.
“I-Lóngjǐng yaseningizimu — i-Yùyá yasenyakatho”. Inkulumo ka-Chéng Qǐkūn (程启坤), owayengumqondisi we-China Tea Research Institute, ethi — “南有杭州龙井，北有沂蒙玉芽” — yaba isiqubulo esingekho emthethweni sophawu, ebeka i-Yíméng Yù Yá “njengempendulo yasenyakatho” ku-Lóngjǐng edumile yase-Hángzhōu.
Ipaki yokuboniswa ye-520 mu. Ipaki yokuboniswa yesayensi nobuchwepheshe e-Zhūbiān — ngesinye sezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlola itiye e-Shāndōng, ehlanganisa isizu sokutshala, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuvakasha kwetiye.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Xī Hú Lóng Jǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Itiye eliyisicaba eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu lase-Hángzhōu (Zhèjiāng). Iphunga — “libhontshisi” (豆香), ukunambitheka — “kumnandi-okusha”. I-Yíméng Yù Yá — incazelo “yasezansi” yesimo esicaba: iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea esikhundleni sebhonisi, umzimba oqinile, “ukusha kwe-umami” okungaqhakambanga kakhulu.
Rìzhào Lǜchá (日照绿茶, Rìzhào Lǜchá): “Umakhelwane” oseduze wase-Shāndōng (idolobha i-Rìzhào). Futhi itiye eliluhlaza “lasezansi” elinephunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea, kepha isimo — akusicaba, kodwa “sinjengamashiya” (眉形). I-Rìzhào — “iyiqalabutho” yomnyakazo “南茶北引” e-Shāndōng (kusukela ngeminyaka ye-1950), i-Yíméng Yù Yá — “igagasi lesibili” (kusukela ngeminyaka ye-1960). I-Rìzhào itholakala eduze nolwandle futhi inesimo sezulu esipholile esogwini.
Zhūchéng Lǜchá (诸城绿茶, Zhūchéng Lǜchá): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza lase-Shāndōng elinophawu lokuhlonza indawo (lase-Wèifāng). Iphrofayili efanayo yomkhiqizo we-castanea “yasezansi”, izimo zenhlabathi nezulu ezifanayo (棕壤, pH 5.5–6.8). Alaziwa kakhulu ezingeni likazwelonke kune-Yíméng Yù Yá.
Láoshān Lǜchá (崂山绿茶, Láoshān Lǜchá): Itiye eliluhlaza “lasezansi” elivela eduze kwe-Qīngdǎo (Shāndōng). Likhuliswa emiqcamelweni yentaba yase-Láoshān (崂山, efinyelela ku-1133 m), endaweni enomthelela wolwandle. Iphunga — i-castanea namathoni “olwandle”. I-thanothi ephakeme nokuphola kolwandle kunikeza inani elengeziwe leminerali, i-Yíméng Yù Yá ayinakho.
Tàipíng Hóu Kuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóu Kuí): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Ānhuī — ukuqhathanisa “isimo esicaba”. Likhulu kakhulu (iqabunga lifika ku-15 cm), linephunga le-orchid (兰香). Ubuchwepheshe ne-thanothi kuhluke ngokuphelele; isici esifanayo — isimo esicaba seqabunga letiye.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yíméng Yù Yá — “Ingquza yeJade” “yezintaba ezibomvu” — itiye elizalwe emhlabeni onomlando, lapho kwakungekho zimboni — izintaba kuphela, amahlathi, nemifula ehlanzekile. Amaqabunga etiye ayisicaba anombala ophuzi-oluhlaza omnene anephunga elinothile lomkhiqizo we-castanea — umphumela we-thanothi “yasezansi” endaweni engu-35°, lapho umehluko wokushisa emini nobusuku kanye nokukhula okuhamba kancane kwamahlumela kwenza itiye eliqinile nelinuka kamnandi kunamanye avela “ezansi”. I-Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá efanayo, okukhiqizwa ngayo e-Fújiàn itiye elimhlophe elintekenteke kakhulu, lapha ithola izwi elihluke ngokuphelele — elifudumele, le-castanea, nokubuyiswa kobumnandi “okunoshukela”.

I-Yíméng Yù Yá — eyalabo abazisa amatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba, kepha abafuna enye indlela ehlukile ku-Lóngjǐng: eqinile, efudumele, enomlando kuwo wonke ama-sips. Futhi khumbula: amahora angu-72 ngemva kokuvula — iphunga lomkhiqizo we-castanea ngeke lilinde.