Igun Hongi Tiyi

Igun Hongi Tiyi itiyi elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) elikhiqizwa e-Igun Tea State Farm (易贡茶场, Yìgòng Cháchǎng), okuyipulazi lechayi elidala futhi elikhulu kunawo wonke eTibeth. Litholakala osebeni lweLake Igun (易贡湖) elihle elisezintabeni eziphakeme, esifundeni saseBomi (波密, Bōmì), ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 000, leli pulazi lingelinye lamapulazi aphakeme kakhulu omhlaba okhiqiza ngemvelo. Itiyi elibomvu laqala ukukhiqizwa lapha ngo-2010 kuphela, kodwa eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu Igun Hongi selizuze idumela lokuba itiyi elibomvu laseTibethi elikhanyayo, eligcwele amandla futhi elinomcebo omangalisayo wezinto ezinomsoco.

1. Izigaba kanye Nomdabu:

• Uhlobo: Itiyi elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — elivutshelwe ngokugcwele (li-oxidized).
• Isigaba: Amatiyi abomvu esifunda aseChina; itiyi elibomvu laseTibethi elikhule phezulu elingenawo amakhemikhali.
• Indawo: China, iTibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治区, Xīzàng Zìzhìqū); iNyingchi City (林芝市, Línzhī Shì); iBomi County (波密县, Bōmì Xiàn); i-Igun Township (易贡乡, Yìgòng Xiāng). Amasimu etiyi azungeze iLake Igun (易贡湖, Yìgòng Hú) nasemithambekeni eseduze, phakathi kwe-Igun National Geological Park.
• Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: ≈ 30.3°N, 94.9°E (indawo yasesikhungweni sehholisi).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando: Umlando we-Igun Tea State Farm awuhlukaniseki nomlando wezepolitiki nezempi wokuthuthukiswa kweTibeth futhi ungomunye wemilando edabukisa kakhulu kwezokulima itiyi eChina. Ngawo-1950s indawo yase-Igun yaba isikhungo se-18th Army of the PLA (中国人民解放军第十八军, Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Dì Shíbā Jūn), eyangena eTibeth. Ngo-1960 ngokomyalelo wobunhlangano obukhiqiza ibutho laseTibeth, ezinye izikhulu namasosha asala e-Igun ukwakha ipulazi lezempi (军垦农场, jūnkěn nóngchǎng). Ngo-1963 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo — ngo-1964), imbewu yezihlahla zetiyi ezinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane yalethwa ivela eMengding Tea Farm (蒙顶茶场) esifundazweni saseSichuan, yaphumelela — izinga lokusinda lafinyelela ku-85%. Kwavela kanjalo insimu yokuqala yetiyi eyimboni emlandweni weTibeth. Ngo-1967, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abavela eXinjiang Production and Construction Corps bathunyelwa e-Igun, bakha “i-5th Igun Regiment” (易贡五团, Yìgòng Wǔtuán). Ngo-1978, ipulazi lathwetshulwa laba ezandleni zomphakathi, lase libizwa nge-Igun Farm (易贡农场), kwathi ngo-1993 — Igun Tea Farm (易贡茶场). Kusukela ngo-1985, iFujian Province yanikeza usizo lobungane, futhi kusukela ngo-2010 — iGuangdong Province. Ngo-2000, udilikile lwenhlabathi lumboza ukuphuma kweLake Igun, kwakheka ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni eligodiwe; ingxenye enkulu yezingadi zetiyi, amarekhodi nezindawo zokuhlala kwasolwa. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwaqala ngo-2008. Ngo-2010, ipulazi laqala ukukhiqiza itiyi elibomvu — “Igun Hongi” (易贡红), lagcwalisa isidingo, ngoba ngaphambili kwakukhiqizwa itiyi eliluhlaza kuphela kanye ne-brick yaseTibeth (藏茶, zàngchá). Ngo-2021, i-Igun Tea Farm yaklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi “Enye Yezingadi Zetiyi Ezingama-20 Ezinhle Kakhulu Neziphilayo Emhlabeni” (中国茶产业T20最美生态茶园). Ngo-2025, leli pulazi elidumile eladlula kwizinguquko zempahla yempi, izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nezinkinga zezomnotho, liyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokusizwa yiqembu leshumi lochwepheshe abavela eGuangdong.
• Igama: 易贡 (Yìgòng) ubhalo lwesiShayina lwegama lesiTibeth elisho “indawo enhle lapho inhliziyo ithola ukwaneliseka”; 红茶 (hóngchá) — “itiyi elibomvu”. I-brand ethi “Igun Hongi” (易贡红) isetshenziselwa wonke uhla lwamatiyi abomvu epulazi — kusukela “okhethekile” (臻选, zhēnxuǎn) kuya ku-”grade yokuqala” (一级, yī jí).
• Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Igun Tea Farm iyinkaba yokutshalwa kwetiyi eTibeth futhi ingumfuziselo wokuthiwa yi-”red culture” (红色文化, hóngsè wénhuà): epulazini kuhlala i-”General’s House” (将军楼, Jiāngjūn Lóu) — indawo yokuhlala ka-Commander we-18th Army uGeneral Zhang Guohua (张国华, Zhāng Guóhuá), isakhiwo sangaphambili se-Party School ye-Tibet Autonomous Region nezinye izakhiwo zomlando. Ipulazi lithuthukisa imodeli ye-”red-green tourism” (红色+绿色茶旅, hóngsè + lǜsè chálǚ), ehlanganisa ukuvakashela izikhumbuzo zomlando nokungcebeleka kanye nokuvakasha kwamapulazi phansi kweziqongo zeqhwa.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Isisekelo samasimu sakhiwe iqembu lamaqabunga aphakathi namancane aseSichuan e-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (四川中小叶群体种, Sìchuān zhōngxiǎoyè qúntǐzhǒng), elethwa livela eMengding (蒙顶山, Méngdǐng Shān) ngawo-1960s. Eminyakeni yakamuva kutshale izinhlobo ezintsha: Fuxuan 9 (福选9号, Fúxuǎn Jiǔhào), Meizhan (梅占, Méizhàn), Fuding Da Bai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái) kanye ne-soft-branched oolong cultivar, Ruanzhi Oolong (软枝乌龙, Ruǎnzhī Wūlóng). Iqembu laseSichuan libonakala ngesikhathi eside sokuphumula (esinyangeni eziyisi-6), lapho kugcwaliswa khona izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid nezinto ezinomsoco emathanisini eqabunga.
• Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (okuyikona kuphela): kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya kuNhlaba. Izimo eziphakeme (amamitha angu-2 000+) kanye nobusuku obubandayo kubangela ukuvuna kanye kuphela ngonyaka (一年一收, yī nián yī shōu), okuyinto engajwayelekile ezindaweni zetiyi zaseChina futhi eqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwezakhi emaqabungeni.
• Indinganiso yokuvuna: “Ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa” (一芽一叶) esigabeni “okhethekile” (臻选); “ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili” (一芽二叶) esigabeni “segrade yokuqala”; emaqenjini athile ahlonishwayo — amahlumela amsulwa (单芽).
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ukuvuna ngesandla amaqabunga aphelele, angonakalisiwe. Amasimu etiyi asendaweni yamahlathi asezintabeni angathintwanga; inhlabathi isetshenziswa okomhlaba okungokwemvelo kuphela; akukaze kusetshenziswe imithi yokubulala izinambuzane noqhatqhathe.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokukhula:

• Ukuphakama kokukhula: Amasimu etiyi asekuphakameni okusukela kumamitha angu-1 900 (osebeni lweLake Igun) kuya ku-2 280 m (amathambeka aphezulu eduze kwesikhungo sehholisi). Lokhu kungenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni okhiqiza itiyi.
• Isimo Sezulu: Kufudumele ngokulingene ezimweni zaseTibeth, kodwa kubanda kakhulu kunaseMoto subtropical. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka ophakathi nendawo — 11.4 °C (4–5 °C ngaphansi kunaseMoto); imvula yonyaka — 960–1 100 mm; ubusika buvamile (abunawo amakhaza anzima — isilokoshiso sendawo: “冬无严寒，夏无酷暑” — ‘ubusika abunamakhaza anzima, ihlobo alinashisa elimbi’), ihlobo lipholile. Amahlathi aminyene azungeze iLake Igun anikela amafu angaqedi nokuhlwa okuningi; imisebe ye-ultraviolet ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-2 000+ iqine kakhulu kunakwizindawo eziphansi, lokhu kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-polyphenol namacery angavumeli ukukhanya eqabungeni. Umehluko phakathi kwama-avareji wemini nobusuku ufinyelela ku-10–15 °C, unciphise ukusetshenziswa koshukela oqoqiwe ngesikhathi sokuphefumula ebusuku. Amahlumela etiyi asesimweni sokuphumula cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngonyaka — isikhathi eside kunakwezinye izindawo ezinkulu zetiyi eChina, — futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi aqongelela ingxube engavamile yama-amino acid, ushukela kanye neziqalo zephunga.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yamahlathi asezintabeni enomhlaba omningi ongokwemvelo; i-acidic (pH 4.5–6.0). Imiza yetiyi isiselwa amanzi ancibilikayo eqhweni nemvelo, lokhu kunikela ama-microelements angaphezulu.
• Ulimo oluphilayo: Ukulima okungokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Ububanzi bamasimu etiyi singaba ngu-5 350 mu (≈357 ha), lapho osezingeni lokukhiqiza likhona cishe u-3 200 mu. Ukuphathwa kwenziwa amaqembu amane okukhiqiza (茶叶一队 — 茶叶三队 kanye neqembu laseDanka / 单卡队). Ochwepheshe be-Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所) bakhona njalo epulazini futhi balawula ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Igun Hongi Tiyi busekelwe esikoleni esidala se-Sichuan-Fujian ye-gongfu black tea (工夫红茶) ngezinguquko ezakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela ngochwepheshe base-Guangdong naseSichuan. Izigaba eziyinhloko:

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukukhetha ngesandla amahlumela amancane ekuseni ngemva kokuhwamuka kwamazolo; ukulawula okuqinile kwendlela yokuvuna “ihlumela + iqabunga”.
• Ukwenza ubuthaka (萎凋, wěidiāo): Okuhlanganisiwe: isigaba sokuqala — ngaphandle ngaphansi kwezindandatho (uma kuvuthiwe), okokugcina — endlini nge-ventilation elawulwayo. Isikhathi — amahora angu-14–20. Umswakama weqabunga uyancishiswa ufike ku-60–64 %.
• Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukusonteka ngomshini ngokushintshanisa ukucindezela; ukwakheka kokusonteka okucinene “njengemicu”. Isikhathi — amaminithi angu-60–90.
• Ukuvuthwa / i-Oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Amaqabunga asontekiwe afakwa egumbini lokuqhuba amanzi elinama-24–28 °C nomswakama ongu-90–95 %. Isikhathi se-oxidation — amahora angu-3–5. Ukulawula kwenziwa ngombala (uguquko oluya kokusakwethusi) kanye nephunga (ukuvela kwamakha amahle ajulile kwezithelo).
• Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān / 干燥, gānzào): Kunezigaba ezimbili: okokuqala ku-110–120 °C (ukumisa ukuvuthwa) nokokugcina ku-80–90 °C (ukuqondiswa kwephunga, ukwehliswa komswakama kube ngu-5–6 %). Emaqenjini athile, ipulazi lisebenzisa izici zobuchwepheshe bendabuko baseSichuan, ukomisa emlilweni wokhuni lwesithelo, okunikeza umkhondo omncane wezithelo nokhuni.
• Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqembu ngosayizi weqabunga nokuba khona kwamatipisi; ukususwa kweziqu.

6. Izimpawu Zokuhloleka Ngokomqondo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaculo amnyama asonteke ngokuqinile anesabelo esibonakalayo samatipisi agolide (金毫). Iqabunga lishelelayo, likhazimulayo, lingenalo uthuli.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ligcwele, lijulile, linamandla oju nezithelo ezomisiwe; umkhondo omncane woshokoledi futhi uncane wokhuni (kumaqembu omiswe ngokhuni).
• Iphunga lokungena: Linezingqimba eziningi: uju, i-apula elibhakiwe, i-emabilidi, oluguqulelwa kusikhumba sesinkwa ne-cocoa; ngemuva — izimbali ezinhle kanye ne-noti ehlanzekile yamaminerali.
• Inambitheka: “Umzimba” ocinene ngokweqile, onamafutha (醇厚, chúnhòu); ubumnandi obuhlanzekile, obugqamile; ubushoshwa obuthambile njengovethi; ukunambitheka okuhlezi isikhathi eside nokufudumele. Izinga lezinto ezinokuncibilika emanzini eqabungeni lase-Igun Tea Farm lifinyelela ku-48 % (lapho indinganiso yomhlaba wonke ingu-32 %), kanti ama-polyphenol etiyi — afinyelela ku-35 %, okuchaza ukucinana okungajwayelekile nokugcwala kwenambitheka.
• Umbala wokungena: Okusakheleni okubomvu nokusagolide, okukhanyayo nokubonakalayo, nomphetho osagolide ngasemkhawulweni wenkomishi.
• Isisekelo setiyi (iqabunga elivuthisiwe): Iqabunga liyavuleka ngokulinganayo; indlela yokuidla ithambile, iyabolika; umbala — ukusakwethusi ukuya kosokhiyane.

7. Uhlaka Lwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Izinga letiyi polyphenol ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ze-Igun Tea Farm lifinyelela ku-35 % — okuphindwe kabili kunamanye amatiyi amaningi anamandla aphansi. Etiyini elibomvu eliphelele, ingxenye enkulu yama-catechin iguqulelwe kwaba ama-theaflavin (TF) nama-thearubigin (TR), okwakha umbala okhanyayo wokungena nokunambitheka okuyindilinga.
• Izinto ezincibilika emanzini (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): Kufinyelela ku-48 % — esinye sezinga eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiyi abomvu aseChina, okubangelwa isikhathi eside sokuphumula kwehlumela letiyi nokuqoqeka kwemisoco.
• Ama-Amino Acid: Izinga eliphezulu le-L-theanine nama-amino acid anambithekayo (glutamic, aspartic), akhiwe isikhathi eside sokuphumula ebusika kobusika kwezitshalo nobusuku obupholile.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (izinga elingaphezu kwe-avareji ngenxa yesimiso esithambile sokuvuna), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
• Amavithamini: Amavithamini e-B (B₁, B₂), amathrekhi e-vitamin C, i-vitamin E.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluorine, i-selenium — okubangelwa ukuvela kwamanzi okuchelela osebeni lweqhwa kanye nenhlabathi eningi yezintaba enomhlaba ongokwemvelo.
• Ama-compound ephunga angajwayelekile: I-Linalool nama-oxide ayo, i-geraniol, i-phenylacetaldehyde, imikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-Maillard. Emaqenjini omisiwe ngokhuni — kunezinto ezengeziwe ze-furan kanye ne-lactone, ezinikeza umkhondo wezithelo nokhuni.

8. Izakhiwo Ezinomthelela Omuhle Empilweni:

• Ukuhlaziya okuncane: I-caffeine ibambisene ne-L-theanine inikeza umfutho olinganayo wokuphaphama ngaphandle kwensumansumane; umphumela uhamba kancane futhi uhlala isikhathi eside kunekhofi.
• Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lama-polyphenol (35 %) lenza i-Igun Hongi Tiyi ibe ngelinye lamatiyi abomvu “ane-antioxidant” kakhulu eChina.
• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Itiyi elibomvu elifudumele likhuthaza ukusebenza kwesisu futhi lenze kube lula ukugaya ukudla okunamafutha neprotein — into ebikade ibaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwendabuko kwaseTibeth.
• Uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol asiza ekunikezeni amandla emithanjeni nasekulawulweni kokwehlisa izifo.
• Umphumela wokufudumeza: Itiyi elibomvu lingaphansi kweziphuzo “ezifudumele” (温性) ngokwendlela ekhethiwe yokudla kwendabuko yamaShayina; lisetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni ebandayo yezintaba eziphakeme.
• Imisebenzi yengqondo: I-L-theanine isiza ekugxileni kokunakwa nasekwehliseni ukucindezeleka.
• Ukugcwalisa ama-microelement: Ukwakheka okunothe ngamaminerali (potassium, magnesium, zinc, selenium) kugcwalisa ukushoda okuvamile ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho kudla okulinganiselwe.

9. Ukubilisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
• Inani letiyi: 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gongfu); 3–4 g ku-200 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
• Izingilazi: I-gaiwan (盖碗) yophahla — inketho enhle kakhulu yokuhlaziya iphunga nombala; itipoti yophahla noma yengilazi; i-Yixing teapot (宜兴紫砂壶) ukwenza iphrofayela eyindilinga.
• Inqubo (indlela ye-gongfu):
  1. Fudumeza i-gaiwan ne-chahai ngamanzi abilayo, khipha amanzi.
  2. Thela itiyi, vala ngesembozo, hlaziya iphunga leqabunga elomile elifudunele.
  3. Ukuhlamba: thela ngamanzi, ngokushesha (imizuzwana emi-1–2) khipha. Kwi-Igun Hongi Tiyi, ukuhlamba akudingekile, kodwa kungamukeleka eqabungeni elisontheke ngokuqinile.
  4. Ukuvuza kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-8–10.
  5. Ukuvuza kwe-2–4: imizuzwana engu-10–15.
  6. Ukuvuza kwe-5–7: imizuzwana engu-15–25 ngokwandiswa kancane kancane.
  7. Ngokuqhubekayo yengeza imizuzwana engu-10–15. I-Igun Hongi Tiyi esezingeni eliphezulu iphikisana nokuvuza okungu-8–10.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha esingangeni umoya nesingabonakali (ibhokisi likathayela, isikhwama se-vacuum nge-foil, i-teapot yobumba enesembozo esiqinile).
• Ukuvikeleka kwamaphunga angaphandle, ukukhanya okuqondile, umswakama.
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 15–25 °C; ukugcinwa esiqandisini akwamukelekile.
• Isikhathi esifanele sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga eziyi-12–18. Amaqembu asezingeni eliphezulu anamatipisi amaningi ayakwazi “ukuyindilinga” iminyaka emi-2–3 uma egcinwe kahle: ubushoshwa buyancipha, amanothi e-juice ne-caramel abe majuluka.

11. Intengo kanye Nezinto Zomgunya:

• Isigaba samanani: Ingxenye ephakathi ngenhla. “Igun Hongi — Okhethekile” (易贡红·臻选, Yìgòng Hóng · Zhēnxuǎn) — into ebiza kakhulu; “Igun Hongi — I-Grade Yokuqala” (易贡红·一级, Yìgòng Hóng · Yī jí) — ethengeka kakhudlwana. Amanani asukela ku-400 kuya ku-2 500 yuan (≈$55–345) ngo-500 g kuye nge-grade. Izinto ezikhuphula intengo: ukuphakama okungcono kakhulu kokukhula, ukuvuna kanye kuphela ngonyaka, umkhiqizo olinganiselwe, ukulima okungokwemvelo ngokuphelele, izindleko eziphakeme zokuthutha (ukuba kude kwezikhungo ezinkulu zezokuthutha).
• Ungawagwema kanjani amangunya:
  1. Thenga imikhiqizo enezimpawu zokuhweba ezibhaliwe “易贡茶场” (“Igun Tea Farm”), “雪域茶谷” (“Xueyu Tea Valley” — ‘Snowy Tea Valley’) noma “雪域红” (“Xueyu Hong”). Ipulazi linezindawo ezisemthethweni zokuthengisa eNyingchi, Lhasa, Guangzhou nasemapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce.
  2. Hlaziya ukubukeka: imicu emincane eshibhile enamatipisi agolide, ngaphandle kothuli noma izingcezu.
  3. Bheka iphunga: lihlanzekile, lijulile kwezithelo, ngaphandle kokusha, okumuncu noma okungenwa yikhothama.
  4. Hlola ukungena: okusobala, okukhanyayo, okusakheleni okubomvu nokusagolide.
  5. Qaphela amanani aphansi ngokusolisayo “e-tibetan high-altitude red tea”.

12. Amaqiniso Ahlaba Umxhwele:

• I-Igun Tea Farm — indawo lapho kwahlwanyelwa khona insimu yokuqala yetiyi eyimboni emlandweni weTibeth (ngo-1963–1964). Imbewu yalethwa isikhulu esibizwa nge-Pan (潘永和, Pān Yǒnghé) saseSichuan; amasosha asebenza ngesandla inyanga yonke ehlanza umhlabathi onetshe ongu-20 mu osebeni lweLake Igun ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
• Izinga lezinto ezincibilika emanzini eqabungeni letiyi lase-Igun lifinyelela ku-48 % — okuyizinga eliphindwe kanye nesigamu kunezinga lomhlaba wonke (32 %) futhi lingelinye lamazinga aphakeme kakhulu aqoshiwe phakathi kwetiyi lemboni emhlabeni. Isizathu — inhlanganisela eyodwa yokuphakama, isikhathi eside sokuphumula namanzi okuchelela asehlathini.
• Ngo-2000, i-Igun Tea Farm yabhekana nenhlekelele: udilikile olukhulu lwamatshe olungu-3.8 × 10⁸ m³ lwawela esifundeni, lwamboza ukuphuma kwechibi, lwambesa ingxenye enkulu yezingadi, izakhiwo zokuhlala namarekhodi. Ngemuva kwale nhlekelele, kwakheka ipaki lokuqala le-geology eTibeth (易贡国家地质公园).
• Ngo-2022, iqembu letiyi elibomvu le-Igun Tea Farm lagqashula okokuqala emlandweni weTibeth inqubo yokwamukelwa kwempahla yangaphandle futhi yathunyelwa phesheya, okuphawula “ukugqashuka kwe-zero” (零的突破) kokuthunyelwa kwetiyi yaseTibeth.
• I-”General’s House” (将军楼) esakhiweni sehholisi — yayiyindawo yokuhlala ka-General Zhang Guohua (1914–1972), umphathi we-18th Army eyakhulula iTibeth; isakhiwo siyisikhumbuzo somlando kanye nento ebalulekile “ye-red tourism”. Lapha futhi kwakukhona isakhiwo sangaphambili se-Party School ye-Tibet Autonomous Region, esasisebenza kuze kube ngu-1983.
• Ipulazi linendawo yalo yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi enamandla angu-640 kW, enikeza ukunikezwa kukagesi okuzimele kwezimboni zetiyi namakamelo okuhlala — into engajwayelekile kumapulazi etiyi.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiyi abomvu:

• Moto Hongi Tiyi (墨脱红茶, Mòtuō Hóngchá): “Isihlobo” esiseduze esivela esifundeni saseMoto eTibeth. IMoto iphansi (800–1 600 m) futhi inesimo sezulu esifudumele sase-subtropical; amasimu etiyi atshalwe kamuva (2011–2013), kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zaseFujian naseGuangdong. IMoto Hongi Tiyi — inezimbali eziningi futhi ilula; Igun Hongi Tiyi — icinene kakhulu, inamaminerali ahlanzekile kanye “nokukhishwa okunzima”.
• Dianhong (滇红, Diānhóng): Itiyi elibomvu laseYunnan elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zamaqabunga ase-Assam. I-Dianhong inobukhazikhazi be-tropical (cocoa, izinongo, izithelo zase-tropical), kodwa ikhula ekuphakameni okuphansi (1 200–1 800 m). Igun Hongi Tiyi yome kakhulu, inamaminerali amaningi futhi “ipholile” ngokufana kokucinana.
• Mengding Hongi Tiyi (蒙顶红茶, Méngdǐng Hóngchá): Itiyi elibomvu laseMengding (Sichuan) — “inkaba” yamahlumela etiyi ase-Igun. Womabili amatiyi ahlanganiswa uhlobo lwamaqabunga aphakathi ne-Sichuan, kodwa amasimu e-Mengding asekuphakameni okungu-800–1 100 m, kanti awe-Igun asekuphakameni okungu-1 900–2 280 m. Umphumela: Igun Hongi Tiyi ihlangene kakhulu, inokuqina okujulile kwasezintabeni kanye “ne-huigan” ende.
• Qimen Hongi Tiyi (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Itiyi elihle lase-Anhui le-gongfu elinephunga elidumile “lama-orchid”. I-Qimen — ithambile kakhulu, yome, igxile ekwakhiweni kwephunga; Igun — inamandla, imnandi, inenambitheka “enomzimba” ongaphezulu nobuhle obuncane bezimbali.

13a. Izinhlobo Namabanga:

I-Igun Tea Farm ikhiqiza itiyi elibomvu ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• Igun Hongi — Okhethekile / Zhenxuan (易贡红·臻选, Yìgòng Hóng · Zhēnxuǎn): Ibanga eliphezulu; indlela yokuvuna — amahlumela amsulwa noma “ihlumela + iqabunga elilodwa” lokuqala lwentwasahlobo. Isabelo esikhulu samatipisi agolide, iphrofayela lephunga elintekenteke kakhulu futhi elinezingqimba eziningi.
• Igun Hongi — Okhethekile / Texuan (易贡红·特选, Yìgòng Hóng · Tèxuǎn): Ibanga lesibili ezingeni; indlela “ihlumela + iqabunga elilodwa noma amabili”. Inambitheka ecinene enamakha ahlukaniswayo ejuice.
• Igun Hongi — Okukhethiwe / Jingxuan (易贡红·精选, Yìgòng Hóng · Jīngxuǎn): Indlela evamile “ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili”; izinga elihle nezinga lenani.
• Igun Hongi — Ibanga Lokuqala (易贡红·一级, Yìgòng Hóng · Yī jí): Okuthengekayo; iqabunga elikhulu, amatipisi angaphawuleki kangako, kodwa ukucinana nobumnandi obujwayelekile kuyagcinwa.

Ekuphetheni:

Igun Hongi Tiyi — itiyi elinomlando: ngemuva kwayo kunezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zeminyaka yedrama yezempi, yezepolitiki neyemvelo eyenzeka osebeni lwechibi laseTibeth eliphezulu. Amahlumela etiyi alethwa evela eSichuan ngamasosha e-18th Army, ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka ajwayela izimo ezinzima futhi aveza iqabunga elinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lezinto ezinomsoco. Itiyi elibomvu elivela kuleli qabunga — licinene, linamafutha, limnandi, linephunga elijulile lejuice kanye “nokuphola” okuhle okusezintabeni eziphakeme — lingamangaza ngisho nomthandi ophambili. Igun Hongi Tiyi — ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abafuna itiyi elibomvu elingajwayelekile elinomlando nomlingiswa.