Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian

Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian (阳羡雪芽, Yángxiàn Xuěyá) liwukubonakaliswa kwesimanje kwelinye lamasiko etiye amadala futhi adunyiswa kakhulu ezincwadini zaseShayina. Igama elithi “Snow Bud from Yangxian” lisuselwa ezinkondlweni zika-Su Shi, kanti izimpande zaleli tiye zihlehlela emuva enkathini yaseTang, lapho u-Lu Yu ayencoma khona mathupha itiye lendawo enkantolo yombusi, futhi laba umnikelo wokuqala orekhodiwe we-gongcha (贡茶) emlandweni waseShayina, kwaqala lonke uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwetiye lasebukhosini. Lasungulwa kabusha ngo-1984, Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian ligcina umoya wesiko elikhulu lezinkondlo kuyo yonke inkomishi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Alibiliswanga, izinga le-oxidation lincane kakhulu.
• Isigaba: Itiye lesimanje elivuselelwe elidumile laseShayina (新创名茶, xīnchuàng míngchá), elimele isizukulwane sesithathu samatiye ase-Yixing. Umkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo evikelwe (农产品地理标志, ubhaliswe uMnyango WezoLimo we-PRC ngomhla ka-16 Ephreli 2010).
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isiFundazwe saseJiangsu (江苏省, Jiāngsū shěng), idolobha lezinga lesifunda i-Yixing (宜兴市, Yíxīng shì). Indawo yokukhiqiza itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu enamagquma nezintaba ye-Yixing, osebeni lweLake Taihu (太湖), ngaphakathi kwe-Taihu National Tourist Zone. Amadolobhana amakhulu: Zhangzhu (张渚), Xizhu (西渚), Taihua (太华) kanye namanye amadolobhana ayi-6 (imigwaqo, izingadi) — sezizonke izikhungo zokuphatha eziyi-9.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 31.20° N, 119.80° E (inkomba — ingxenye eseningizimu enezintaba ye-Yixing).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Umlando wetiye e-Yixing (igama lasendulo — Yangxian, 阳羡; kamuva Yixing, 义兴) ungomunye wemilando ebhalwe kakhulu emasikweni etiye omhlaba, usukela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili.

  Izinkomba zokuqala zetiye kule ndawo zibhekisela enkathini yaseNtshonalanga Han: isazi sefilosofi u-Shao Jinhan (邵晋涵) ekuphawuleni kwakhe nge-”Erya” (《尔雅正义》) waphawula: “Ama-Han anesisho esithi ‘thenga itiye e-Yangxian’, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi saseNtshonalanga Han babekwazisa ukuphuzwa kwetiye.” Ngekhulu lesi-5, umbhalo othi “Tongjun lu” (《桐君录》) wabhala: “EJinling yonke indawo kukhiqizwa itiye elihle kakhulu” (晋陵皆出好茗), kanti iJinling yigama lasendulo le-Changzhou, okwakungaphansi kwayo i-Yixing.

  Ukudlondlobala kwafika ngenkathi yeTang. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Emperor Suzong weTang (756-762), umbusi waseChangzhou u-Li Qijun (李栖筠, Lǐ Qījūn) wathola isampula yetiye lendawo endodeni yesonto likaBuddha. Kwamenywa “ingcwele yetiye” u-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) ukuze azonambitha, owahlulela ukunambitheka kwalo ngokuthi “kunephunga elimnandi kunawo wonke emhlabeni” (芬芳冠世, fēnfāng guàn shì) futhi walincomela ukuba linikezelwe embusini. Ngaleyo ndlela itiye lase-Yangxian laba yi-gongcha yokuqala erekhodiwe emlandweni waseShayina, kwaqala isikhungo sokuhlinzekwa kwetiye lasebukhosini (贡茶制度). Ku-”The Classic of Tea”, u-Lu Yu wabhala: “E-Changzhou, esifundeni sase-Yixing — [itiye] livela ngaseNtabeni i-Junshan, ngaphansi kwesiqongo esisenyakatho se-Suanjiaoling Ridge” (常州义兴县生君山悬脚岭北峰下).

  Ngesikhathi sika-Emperor Wuzong weTang (841-846), umthamo waminyaka yonke wokulethwa wawufinyelela ku-18,400 Jin. Iqembu lokuqala letiye (急程茶, “itiye eliphuthumayo”) kwakudingeka lilethwe e-Chang’an ngeziteshi zeposi ngesihlalo sehhashi ukuze lifike enkantolo ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming. Ukuze kuphathwe ukukhiqizwa e-Yixing, kwasungulwa i-Tribute Tea Office (贡茶院) enezakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-30, izingcweti eziyinkulungwane kanye nabasebenzi besizini abayizi-30,000.

  Imbongi u-Lu Tong (卢仝, Lú Tóng, 795-835), owayebizwa ngokuthi “ongafi wetiye” (茶仙), wayehlala yedwa eNtabeni i-Minling (茗岭) e-Yixing futhi wabhala idumile “Isiculo Sezinkomishi Eziyisikhombisa” (《七碗茶歌》), okwaba ngomunye wemibhalo eyisisekelo yesiko letiye e-East Asia futhi ehlonishwa njenge “ncwadi yokuvuka” yendlela yetiye yaseJapane. Kuso kwavela umugqa odumile: “Kuze kube yilapho iNdodana Yezulu ingakazinambithanga itiye lase-Yangxian, izitshalo eziyikhulu azilokothi ziqhakaze kuqala” (天子须尝阳羡茶，百草不敢先开花).

  Ngenkathi ye-Song, itiye layeka ukuba ngumnikelo wasenkantolo, kodwa lazuza izinhliziyo zabafundi. Imbongi enkulu u-Su Shi (苏轼, Sū Shì, 1037-1101), owavakashela e-Yixing izikhathi eziningi futhi ephupha “ukuthenga insimu e-Yangxian, ukutshala ama-orenji nokuguga,” wabhala umugqa: “Ngifuna ihlumela leqhwa ngenxa yeYangxian, amanzi anobisi kufanele uwethule esuka e-Huishan” (雪芽我为求阳羡，乳水君应饷惠山). Yilona kanye umugqa owanikeza igama itiye lesimanje.

  Ngezikhathi ze-Yuan ne-Ming, itiye laliqhubeka nokuhanjiswa enkantolo. Idolobha lase-Zhangzhu laba imakethe yetiye enkulu kunazo zonke e-Jiangsu. Nokho, ekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Qing, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza balahleka, nezingadi zetiye zaba incithakalo.

  Ukuvuselelwa kwenzeka ngo-1984: ngesinyathelo sikasosayensi wetiye u-Zhang Zhicheng (张志澄, Zhāng Zhìchéng), kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha obusekelwe emasikweni etiye lase-Yangxian, futhi kwasungulwa Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian — elimele “isizukulwane sesithathu” samatiye adumile ase-Yixing (ngemuva kwetiye leTang elithi Yangxian Zisun kanye netiye le-Ming elithi Jie cha). Ngo-1989, itiye lathola isihloko se-Tea Edume Kuzwelonke evela eMnyangweni WezoLimo. Ngo-2010 — ukubhaliswa kukahulumeni kwenkombandlela yendawo.

• Igama: Yangxian (阳羡) — igama lasendulo le-Yixing, elisetshenziswe kusukela enkathini yama-Han; ngokwezwi nezwi “umhawu welanga”, okungenzeka lihlobene nezindawo zamagquma endawo. Xue (雪) — “iqhwa”, lichaza uboya obumhlophe obusemahlumeleni, obufana namakhekheba eqhwa. Ya (芽) — “ihlumela, ihlumela”. Igama eligcwele ngokwezwi nezwi: “Ihlumela Leqhwa lase-Yangxian” — umfanekiso wobunkondlo, osuselwa enkondlweni ka-Su Shi.

• Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian lixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nezimpawu ezimbili ezinkulu zase-Yixing — itiye kanye nobumba lwe-Yixing (紫砂, zǐshā). Kusese-Yixing lapho kudalwa khona izigqoko ezidumile ze-zisha, futhi inhlanganisela “itiye lase-Yangxian egqokweni le-Yixing” iminyaka eminingi yayithathwa njengesimo esihle sobuhle betiye. Ifa lezincwadi zetiye — kusukela ku-Lu Yu kuya ku-Su Shi, kusukela ku-Lu Tong kuya ku-Tang Yin (唐寅) — liyenza, mhlawumbe, ibe itiye eliluhlaza “elinezinkondlo kakhulu” eShayina. Isazi sange-Ming u-Yuan Hongdao (袁宏道) wabhala: “Itiye laseWuyi linokunambitheka kwemithi, i-Longjing inokunambitheka kukabhontshisi, kanti itiye laseYangxian linokunambitheka ‘okungenakunambitheka okuyigolide,’ okuwu[hlobo] oluphakeme kakhulu” (阳羡茶有”金不味”，够得上茶中上品).

3. Isichasiselo Sezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Uhlobo / Cultivar: Okuyinhloko: I-Yixing local small-leaf variety (宜兴群体小叶种, Yíxīng qúntǐ xiǎoyè zhǒng) — uhlobo lwendawo oluqashelwe kuzwelonke njengoluhle kakhulu, kanye no-Zhuye zhong (槠叶种, zhū yè zhǒng). Ukungeza, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ze-clonal: Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶), Zhenong 137, 139, 113 (浙农137、139、113), Yingshuang (迎霜), Longjing Changye (龙井长叶) — zonke zihlukaniswa ngoboya obuningi kanye nehlumela eliminyene.
• Ukuqoqwa: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu: ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (清明, ~5 Ephreli) — amahlumela ahlanzekile. Ebangeni lokuqala: ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Ebangeni lesibili: ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili. Okuqukethwe ama-amino acid ekuvuneni kwentwasahlobo ≥ 4.2%.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ukukhiqiza amagremu angu-500 etiye lebanga eliphezulu kakhulu, kudingeka amahlumela angu-40,000–50,000.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela aphelele, asanda kuvunwa, angenamonakalo wemishini, anoboya obumhlophe obuningi, alinganayo ngosayizi.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

• Isimo sendawo nezwe: Ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Yixing iyindawo enezintaba namagquma (丘陵山区) osebeni olusentshonalanga lweLake Taihu. Leli zwe lidume ngemigede ye-karst (idumile i-Shanjuandong ne-Zhanggongdong), amahlathi oqalo (“Ukwandle Olunoqalo”, 竹海), kanye nenala yemithombo ene-limescale. Izingadi zetiye zitholakala emithambekeni emincane nasemasitebhisini, zizungezwe ihlathi noqalo.
• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: amamitha angu-40–100 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Naphezu kwendawo engephakeme kakhulu, amafu amaningi avela e-Taihu kanye nokuvikelwa amagquma azungezile kwakha isimo sezulu esincane esikahle.
• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-15.7°C. Umswakama ≥ 70%. Izinsuku ezinokuhwamuka zonyaka zingaphezu kuka-200. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lasemini nelasebusuku. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile ngokusebenzisa amafu kanye neziqu zezihlahla kunomthelela ekuqoqweni kwezinto eziphunga kamnandi.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ejulile ebomvu-ophuzi ye-lateritic (红黄壤, hónghuáng rǎng), ukujiya kwesendlalelo esivundile ≥ 1 m. i-pH 4.5–6.5, okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo ≥ 3%. Isilinganiso samahlathi sendawo singu-74%.
• I-Agrotechnology: Umnyombo wendawo yokukhiqiza ungaphakathi kwe-Taihu National Tourist Zone, lapho ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane kuvinjelwe khona. Kusukela ngo-1998, ingxenye yamasimu itshalwe ngokwendalo futhi yaqinisekiswa yi-National Organic Products Development Center. Isimo sezulu esinamafu nenkungu nokukhanya okuhlakazekile (漫射光) kunomthelela ekuhlanganisweni okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye nezinhlanganisela eziphunga kamnandi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian buhlanganisa amasu endabuko okwenza ngesandla nezinsiza kusebenza zesimanje. Yonke inqubo ihlelwe ukugcina ukuphelela kwehlumela elintekenteke ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwakheka kwesimo esiqondile senalithi, kanye “nokuphakamisa” uboya obumhlophe. Ekukhiqizweni kusetshenziswa amathuluzi oqalo nawokhuni, okunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-oxygen ngokuthintana nensimbi.

• Ukwendlalwa kwamaqabunga amasha (鲜叶摊放 — xiān yè tānfàng): Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziqoqiwe zendlalwa ngosendlalelo esincanyana egumbini elinomoya ongenayo amahora angu-4–5. Umswakama uyalinganiswa, kuqala ukukhula kwephunga elimnandi kokuqala.
• Ukulungiswa (杀青 — shāqīng): Kwenziwa emshinini we-drum (滚筒杀青) ezingeni lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-280°C. Ukushisa okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukungasebenzi okusheshayo nokuphelele kwama-enzyme, kugcine umbala ogqamile oluhlaza futhi kuvimbele ukuvela “kokuluhlaza okungavuthiwe”.
• Ukusonteka kancane (轻揉 — qīng róu): Ukusonteka okumnene imizuzu engu-8–10. Inhloso — ukucekelwa phansi okulinganiselwe kodonga lweseli ukuze kukhishwe ngokugcwele lapho kuthelwa, ngaphandle komonakalo owedlulele esimweni sehlumela.
• Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘 — chū hōng): Izinga lokushisa lingu-90–110°C, ukomiswa kuze kube semswakameni ophakathi.
• Ukusonteka okuphindwayo (复揉 — fù róu): Ukwengeza ukwakheka ukuze kuqiniswe isimo.
• Ukubunjwa (理条 — lǐtiáo): Ukuqondiswa nokulinganiswa kwamahlumela ukuze kunikezwe isimo esiyisici senalithi.
• Ukomiswa kokugcina kanye “nokuphakanyiswa koboya” (整形干燥 — zhěngxíng gānzào / 搓条提毫 — cuōtiáo tíháo): Ezingeni lokushisa elingu-50–80°C, ingcweti ihlikihla futhi ilule amahlumela, ngesikhathi esifanayo “iphakamisa” uboya obumhlophe ebusweni bawo. Kulesi sigaba lapho kwakheka khona ukubukeka kwesici: izinaliti eziqondile ezincanyana, ezimbozwe uboya obusiliva—yiwo kanye “amahlumela eqhwa”.

Yonke inqubo yenziwa ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwamathuluzi ensimbi. Etiyeni lebanga eliphakeme kakhulu, amagremu angu-500 ngamunye omkhiqizo oqediwe aqukethe amahlumela angu-40,000–50,000 ngawodwana.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo siyinalithi (针芽状, zhēnyá zhuàng) — amahlumela aqondile, amancanyana, asonteke ngokuminyene (紧直匀细). Umbala — uluhlaza ngokugqamile okuyi-emerald noboya obuphawuleka kahle obusiliva-mhlophe (翠绿显毫). Ukufana kwesimo nosayizi — kuphezulu.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile, limnene, linethoni “yobusha” obusha (清香, qīngxiāng). Emikhiqizweni ebizayo yokuqoqwa ngaphambi kwe-Qingming, kunesici esibizwa ngokuthi “iphunga elithe xaxa” (嫩香, nèn xiāng) — elicashile, elinoshukela. Emaqoqweni entwasahlobo, kuzwakala ithoni ye- chestnut (栗香).
• Iphunga lokuthelwa: Linokuhle futhi lihlanzekile (清雅, qīngyǎ), linamandla aphakathi nendawo, alinakho ukuqina. Umsindo — uluhlaza okusha onamahlumela ama- chestnut amancane kanye nezimbali. Iphunga lihlala njalo.
• Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuhlanzekile (鲜醇, xiānchún), kunobumnandi obuphawulekayo bo-sucrose (甘醇, gānchún). Ubukrakra nobuhlungu buncane kakhulu — okuqukethwe ama-polyphenol kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa (cishe u-14.7% ngokusho komthombo), kanti okuqukethwe ama-amino acid, ngokuphambene, kuphakeme, okunikeza ubukhulu “bokusha” obugqamile (鲜爽度). Ukunambitheka okungemuva — kumnene, nobumnandi obubuyayo.
• Umbala wokuthelwa: Uluhlaza omncane, obale kakhulu futhi ogqamile (嫩绿清澈明亮).
• I-tea leaf base (iqabunga elitheliwe): Limnene, lilinganile, “izimbali” eziphelele zamahlumela (嫩匀成朵), umbala oluhlaza ogqamile onokucwazimula okuphilayo (绿润鲜活).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Okuqukethwe cishe u-14.7% — kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa netiye eliluhlaza, okuchaza ubulukhuni, ukungaqini, kanye nobukrakra obuncane. Ama-catechin ayinhloko: i-EGCG, i-ECG, i-EGC.
• Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸): Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — ≥ 4.2% ekuvuneni kwentwasahlobo kwebanga eliphakeme kakhulu. Kuphakeme kakhulu i-L-theanine, ehlinzeka “ngobumnandi obusha” obuphawulekayo futhi inegalelo ekuphumuleni. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenol — siyinkomba eyinhloko yekhwalithi, echaza “inkomba yokunambitha yobusha”.
• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Izinga elijwayelekile — 2.5–3.5% wesisindo esomile. Ukukhuphula amandla ngobumnene ngokubambisana ne-L-theanine.
• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (ugcinwe kahle ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kokulungiswa okusheshayo okushisa okuphezulu), amavithamini B₁, B₂, E, K.
• Amaminerali: I-Fluorine (15 mg / 100 g — okuqukethwe okuphezulu, okunomthelela ekuvikelweni kwamazinyo), i-potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium.
• Amafutha Abalulekile: Iphunga le- chestnut lakheka ngesikhathi sokugazinga; amanothi amahle ezimbali — i-linalool ne-geraniol.
• Isici esikhethekile sokwakheka: Isilinganiso esihle sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenol (esingaphezu kuka-0.28) — isici esinquma ukuthi itiye lingeyesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu sokunambitheka “okusha nokumnandi”.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

• Umsebenzi ophawulekayo we-antioxidant: Ama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, ngokusho komthombo, ahlakaza amafutha ngokushesha okungu-30% kunama-catechin etiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, okungenzeka kubangelwa ubunjalo obuthile bezinto ezingavuthiwe.
• Ukukhuphula amandla ngobumnene: I-L-theanine ne-caffeine ngokubambisana kuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwengqondo ngaphandle kokuxakeka kwemizwa.
• Ukuvikelwa kwamazinyo: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fluorine (15 mg / 100 g) kucindezela ukusebenza kwamabhaktheriya abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Ukusekela umzimba: Ama-catechin anomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwe-lipid metabolism.
• Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol novithamini E ngokuhlanganyela baba nomthelela ekunwebekeni kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Uvithamini C nama-polyphenol kunomphumela wokuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine inomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwamaza e-α ebuchosheni, ithuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo.
• I-Contraindication: Akunconywa ukuphuzwa kusesiswini. Itiye elisha kufanele ligcinwe izinsuku ezingu-10–15 ngaphambi kokulisetshenziswa ukuze “kukhishwe ‘umlilo’ ”. Amanzi abilayo (ngaphezu kuka-85°C) acekela phansi i-chlorophyll futhi enze ukunambitheka kube kubi.

9. Ukuthela:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C. Amanzi abilayo angaphezu kuka-85°C awafiseleki: i-chlorophyll iyacekeleka phansi, itiye elitheliwe liba ophuzi, ukunambitheka kuyenzeka kabi. Noma kunjalo, ngokwesiko lendawo, Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian elisezingeni eliphezulu libekezelela kahle namanzi ashisayo — abanye ochwepheshe betiye base-Yixing balithela nangaphezu kuka-90–95°C, bephawula ukuthi itiye le-base lihlala lilinganile.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50). Nge-gaiwan: amagremu angu-5 ku-100–120 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi eshelelayo (ilungele ukubuka ukuvuleka “kwamahlumela eqhwa”). I-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗). Ikhofi le-Yixing le-zisha (紫砂壶) — ngokomlando nangokobuhle yisitsha “esithandeka kakhulu” saleli tiye.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
  2. Faka itiye.
  3. Nge-gaiwan: ukuhlambulula (润茶) — isikhathi esi-1, imizuzwana engu-5. Ukuthululwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-20.
  4. Engilazini eshelelayo: indlela yokuthela phezulu (上投法) — gcwalisa ingilazi ngamanzi ngo-70%, bese wehlisa itiye, linda imizuzu engu-2–3.
  5. Inani lokuthululwa: 4–5 ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu (i-gaiwan); Ukuphisa oku-3 engilazini.
  6. Emva kokuvulwa kwephakheji — sebenzisa phakathi namahora angu-72 ukuze ulondoloze iphunga elimnandi ngokuphelele.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, emswakameni nasephungeni langaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa: Isiqandisi esingu-0–5°C ngokuvaleka okuqinile — kufanelekile. Ekugcinweni isikhashana (kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili) — indawo epholile nemnyama.
• Isikhathi sokugcina: Izinyanga eziyi-6–12. Itiye elisha linconywa ukuthi ligcinwe izinsuku ezingu-15 ephaketheni elivaliwe ukuze “kukhishwe ‘umlilo’ ” (褪火气). Emva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka (kahle-hle — phakathi kwamahora angu-72), ukuze uvimbele ukuphefumula kwephunga elimnandi elithe xaxa.

11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级, amahlumela ahlanzekile) — kusukela ku-800 yuan nge-500 g nangaphezulu. Ibanga lokuqala (一级) — 400–700 yuan. Ibanga lesibili (二级) — 150–400 yuan.
• Ungagwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
  • Ukuhlolwa kwesimo: I-Hlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian ngokoqobo — izinaliti ezincanyana eziqondile ezinoboya obusiliva-mhlophe. Uma amahlumela egobile, emahhadlahhadla, noma uboya bungekho — kungenzeka ukuthi kushintshwe.
  • Ukuhlaziywa kwephunga: Kufanele kuhlanzekile, kube mnene, kube nobuhle. Iphunga “elithosiwe”, elibukhali, noma elifiphele kuwuphawu lokuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe noma ukungabi kusha.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokuthelwa: Uluhlaza omncane, obale kakhulu, ogqamile. Itiye elitheliwe eliphuzi noma elidungekile likhombisa itiye elidala noma elisezingeni eliphansi.
  • I-tea leaf base: Amahlumela kufanele avuleke abe “yizimbali” ezilinganayo eziphelele zombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Amaqabunga adwenguliwe noma amnyama kuwuphawu lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimahhadlahhadla.
  • Imvelaphi: Cela ubufakazi obuvela endaweni enegama elivikelwe (amadolobhana ayi-9 eningizimu ye-Yixing).

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Itiye lase-Yangxian laba yi-gongcha yokuqala (itiye lasenkantolo) eqinisekiswe emibhalweni yomlando waseShayina — lanconywa mathupha ngu-Lu Yu cishe ngo-766. Ngaphambi kwakhe, itiye lalihanjiswa enkantolo, kodwa kwakuyisibonelo sase-Yangxian okuyiso esenza kwaba semthethweni isikhungo sokuhlinzekwa kwetiye lasebukhosini.
• “Ingoma Yezinkomishi Eziyisikhombisa” ka-Lu Tong, eyabhalwa ngemva kokunambitha itiye lase-Yangxian, yaba ngomunye wemibhalo yezinkondlo enethonya elikhulu mayelana netiye kuyo yonke imibhalo yomhlaba futhi yaba nethonya eliqondile ekwakhekeni kwendlela yetiye yaseJapane.
• Isazi sange-Ming u-Yuan Hongdao ekunambitheni kokuqhathanisa wabeka itiye lase-Yangxian ngaphezu kwe-Wuyi ne-Longjing, ephawula “ukunambitheka kwalo okungavamile okungenakunambitheka okuyigolide” (金不味) — igama elichaza leso simo “esihlanzekile, esicacile” lapho izingcweti zetiye ze-Zen zikufisa.
• I-Yixing iwukuphela kwedolobha emhlabeni, ngasikhathi sinye okuyindawo lapho kwasungulwa isiko elikhulu letiye kanye nesiko elikhulu lezitsha zetiye (i-zisha). Inhlanganisela “ye-Hlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian egqokweni le-Yixing le-zisha” — iyingqikithi yobuhle betiye baseShayina.
• Ngesikhathi sokuchuma kohlelo lwe-gongcha yaseTang, njalo entwasahlobo ekuvulweni kokuvunwa e-Yixing kwakubuthana ababusi baseChangzhou naseHuzhou, kanti izisebenzi ezingu-30,000 zaziphumela emithambekeni yetiye. Iqembu lokuqala “letiye eliphuthumayo” lalihanjiswa ngehhashi eziteshini zeposi amakhilomitha angu-4000 li (cishe amakhilomitha angu-2000) ezinsukwini eziyishumi, ukuze lifike ngesikhathi se-”Qingming Banquet” enkantolo.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Womabili — amatiye aluhlaza adumile anomlando ocebile, kodwa ezinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele. I-Longjing — iyisicaba, igazingwe nge-wok, inephunga lika-bhontshisi ne- chestnut kanye nokuthungwa okunamafutha. Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian — linjengenalithi, linenephunga elithe xaxa elihle kanye nokunambitheka “okubale kakhulu”. U-Yuan Hongdao wange-Ming wayethatha itiye lase-Yangxian lingcono kune-Longjing.
• Bi Luo Chun (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn): Womabili — amatiye asuka esifundeni sase-Taihu (i-Bi Luo Chun — isuka osebeni olusempumalanga, eSuzhou; i-Yangxian — isuka olusentshonalanga, e-Yixing). I-Bi Luo Chun — isonteke ngokuvunguza, inephunga lesithelo nezimbali; Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian — liqondile, linjengenalithi, linephrofayili “ehlanzekile” eqinile kakhulu.
• Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Womabili — amatiye aluhlaza amise okwenalithi anoboya obuningi. I-Mao Jian ngokuvamile inobuhlungu obuningi futhi “inamandla” kakhulu; Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian — limnene futhi limnandi kakhudlwana, linokuqukethwe okuphansi kwama-polyphenol.
• Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Báichá): Womabili ahlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye nokunambitheka “okusha” okumnene. Nokho, i-Anji Bai Cha — isicaba, ivela ku-cultivar enamacembe amhlophe i-Bai Ye 1 hao; Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian — linjengenalithi, livela ezinhlotsheni zendabuko zamaqabunga amancane ase-Yixing, linethoni “efudumele” kakhudlwana ye- chestnut.

Ekuphetheni:

Ihlumela Leqhwa Lase-Yangxian — itiye, okungemuva kwalo kunesahluko esikhazimula kakhulu emlandweni wetiye waseShayina. Lazalwa ngokusuka emugqeni ka-Su Shi, kodwa izimpande zalo zihlehlela emuva enkathini lapho u-Lu Yu aqala khona ukusho amazwi athi “芬芳冠世” — “kunephunga elimnandi kunawo wonke emhlabeni” — futhi leli phunga lanqoba inkantolo yombusi. Namuhla, uma uthela lezi zinaliti ezincanyana eziluhlaza-ngokusiliva engilazini eshelelayo noma egqokweni le-Yixing, uthinta isiko elineminyaka eyinkulungwane namakhulu amahlanu ubudala. Itiye lizokuvuza ngephunga elimnandi elimnene, ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile okunoshukela ngaphandle kobudlova, kanye nalokho “kunambitheka okuyigolide okungenakunambitheka” okungathatheki kalula, isazi sange-Ming esakubeka ngaphezu kwe-Longjing ne-Wuyi. Leli yitiye lalabo abazisa ukubale kakhulu nokujula enkomishini eyodwa — kanye nezinkondlo ezincane eziya etiyeni.