Ihlumela Lasezulwini Lokuluhlaza Kweqhwa

Ihlumela Lasezulwini Lokuluhlaza Kweqhwa (仰天雪绿, Yǎngtiān xuě lǜ) liyitiyiye eliluhlaza lesimanje elidabuka esifundazweni saseHenani, elakhiwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 lapho kuhlangana khona amasiko etiye aseShayina nawaseJaphani. Likhuliswa emthambekweni osenyakatho wentaba iNainai Dian kukhahlamba iDabieshan, lapho intwasahlobo yasezintabeni ihlangana neqhwa eliyisembozo seziqongo, kanti izivande zetiye zicwiliswa ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kwenkungu enamafu. Lihlukaniswa ngesimo seqabunga esiyisicaba, esizacile, esinoboya obuningi kanye nephunga elimile le-orchid.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — elingavutshelwe, izinga lokufakwa kwe-oxygen lincane (ngaphansi kuka-5%). Ngokobuchwepheshe bokomisa, lingaphansi kwesigaba se-hōngqīng (烘青) — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ngokushisa (bèihōng, 焙烘).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesimanje elinegama lesifundazwe saseHenani; liyingxenye ‘yezinkombe eziyishumi ezidumile zaseHenani’ (河南省十大名茶). Liyingxenye yeqembu lamatiye akhethekile aluhlaza anesimo esicaba (扁形绿茶, biǎnxíng lǜchá).
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseHenani (河南省), umkhandlu wedolobha iXinyang (信阳市), isifunda saseGushi (固始县). Indawo ewumgogodla yipulazi letiye iYangtian Wa (仰天洼茶场) emthambekweni osenyakatho wentaba iNainai Dian (奶奶殿) edolobhaneni iZushimiao (祖师庙镇), emngceleni wezigodi zaseWumiao (武庙乡) naseChenlinzi (陈淋子镇). Izivande zetiye eziqhubekayo zingama-mu angu-4500 (cishe amahektha angu-300), ezinesimo sendawo yokubonisa izinto eziphilayo kazwelonke.
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: cishe u-115°33′–115°34′ E, 31°36′–31°37′ N (indawo ewumgogodla).
Isimo sokuvikelwa: Umkhiqizo ophawulwe ngokuma kwawo ngokwezindawo ezithile kuzwelonke (国家地理标志产品, ukugunyazwa kwango-2004). Ufakwe ohlwini lwemikhiqizo ephilayo evikela imvelaphi (生态原产地保护产品, 2015). Ithreyidimakhi ibhaliswe ngo-2003, inani le-brand lidlulele ku-29 billion yuan (2024).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye endaweni yaseGushi kunezimpande ezijulile. Encwadini i-”Canon of Tea” (《茶经》, Chájīng) kaLu Yu (陆羽), kuthiwa: “Phakathi kwamatiye aseHuainan, elaseGuangzhou liphezulu” (淮南茶以光州上, Huáinán chá yǐ Guāngzhōu shàng). Isifunda sasendulo saseGuangzhou (光州) sasihlanganisa indawo yesifunda sanamuhla saseGushi, okufakazela isiko lokukhiqizwa kwetiye kule ndawo ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaTang (VII–IX). Ngokwesiko lendawo, umbusi weTang uLi Shimin (李世民), elimele, welashwa ngokuphuza itiye elivela eNtabeni iDabieshan, walinikeza isikhundla somnikelo (贡茶).

Umthambeka osenyakatho weNainai Dian ngokwesiko wawubizwa ngokuthi “Guangzhou Da Shan Cha” (光州大山茶) — “itiye elikhulu lasentabeni laseGuangzhou”. Kodwa igama lalo lobunkondlo lanikezwa kamuva kakhulu. Ngo-1847 (unyakawa wama-27 wokubusa kukaDaoguang, 道光) uWu Qijun (吴其濬, 1789–1847), isazi sezitshalo esivelele nesakhamuzi saseGushi, ebuyele ekhaya ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wavakashela intaba ngesikhathi seGuyu (谷雨, “Izimvula Zokusanhlamvu”). Ebheka phezulu, wabona isembozo seqhwa esimhlophe seseqongweni kanye nobuhlaza obugqamile bezihlahla zetiye ezansi, wabhala umugqa: “和风咏雪仰天绿，芳茗迎春盖世香” — “Emoyeni ofudumele kudunyiswa iqhwa, uhlaza lubheke esibhakabhakeni; itiye elinuka kamnandi libingelela intwasahlobo, iphunga lalo lidlula umhlaba”. Kusukela lapho kwavela igama elithi “Yangtian Xue Lü” — “Ukubheka esibhakabhakeni, uhlaza lweqhwa”.

Itiye lesimanje ngendlela yalo yamanje lakhiwa ngo-1982–1984 ngusosayensi wezolimo uZhu Xueyi (朱学义), owahlanganisa izakhi zobuchwepheshe be-Japanese sencha (煎茶) kanye ne-Xihu Longjing (西湖龙井), edala isimo esiyingqayizivele esicaba ngomkhuba okhethekile wokwakheka. Ngo-1986, ocwaningweni lwesifundazwe oluhilela ochwepheshe baseHunan Agricultural University, Anhui kanye neZhejiang Agricultural Universities, itiye lamukelwa ‘njengegama le-henan elisha lokusungula’ (河南省创新名茶). Ngo-2003 ithreyidimakhi yabhaliswa; ngo-2004 umkhiqizo wathola uphawu lwendawo kazwelonke.

Igama: “Yang” (仰) — “ukubheka phezulu, ukubhekisa amehlo phezulu”; “tian” (天) — “izulu”; “xue” (雪) — “iqhwa”; “lü” (绿) — “uhlaza”. Ngeso lengqondo: “Ukubheka esibhakabhakeni — uhlaza lweqhwa”. Igama lidlulisa isithombe sasentwasahlobo: ezansi kwentaba amahlumela etiye aqhakaza umbala wejade, kanti isiqongo sisembozwe yiqhwa. Ubunkondlo begama buhlehlela emugqeni wenkondlo wesazi sika-Qing uWu Qijun.
Ukubaluleka kwesiko: IGushi ingesinye sezifunda ‘ezinezimpande’ zokufuduka kwamaShayina aya eningizimu: okhokho babantu abaningi baseFujian naseTaiwan badabuka lapha (kuqoshwe ifomula “Guangzhou Gushi”, 光州固始). Isiko letiye laseGushi lisempambanweni yamasiko amabili amakhulu etiye — entshonalanga yesifunda kukhiqizwa i-Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖), empumalanga i-Lu’an Gua Pian (六安瓜片). I-Yangtian Xue Lü ithatha indawo ephakathi, ihlanganisa indawo yase-Dabieshan nobuchwepheshe bobunikazi. Itiye lithathwa ‘njengekhadi lokuvakasha’ lesifunda, kanye ne-Jiuhuashan Mao Jian (九华山毛尖) — elinye itiye lendawo elinegama.

3. Incazelo Ye-Botany Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Isisekelo yi-population yendawo enamaqabunga amancane (本地群体小叶种, běndì qúntǐ xiǎoyè zhǒng) Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Ama-cultivar asizayo: i-Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) kanye ne-Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43). Iminyaka yamasimu amakhulu ingaphezu kwama-30. Amaqabunga ayi-elliptical, awugqinsi futhi ayinyama; isisindo sama-shoots ayi-100 esezingeni “elilodwa ihlumela — iqabunga elilodwa” silinganiselwa kuma-45 g. Isikhathi sokuthamba (持嫩期) sohlobo lwendawo sengeziwe ngezinsuku ezingu-7–10 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cultivar ajwayelekile.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo kuyinhloko. Iwindi elifanele lisukela eQingming (清明) kuya eGuyu (谷雨), okungukuthi cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuvuna kwangaphambi kwe-Qingming kuyigugu kakhulu.
Izinga lokuvuna: Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级) — amahlumela awodwa noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvela (单芽或一芽一叶初展); izinga lokuqala (一级) — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶); izinga lesibili (二级) — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili namacembe avulekile (一芽二叶及开展叶).
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela kufanele aphelele, athambe, afane, futhi abe noboya obuningi. Ukuvuna ngesandla kuyisibopho emazingeni aphezulu.

4. Indawo Nezimo Zokukhula:

Izivande zetiye ze-Yangtian Xue Lü zisemthambekweni osenyakatho wentaba iNainai Dian (奶奶殿) — okungenye yamaqongo wokhahlamba i-Dabieshan (大别山), eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseHenani, emngceleni nesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Isici esiyinhloko yilokhu kubheka enyakatho: ukukhanya komhlaba okuncane kubambezela ukukhula kwamahlumela, okwandisa ukugcwala kwama-amino acid nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi.

Ukuphakama kokukhula: Cishe amamitha angu-653 ngaphezu kolwandle (izitshalo eziyinhloko); isiqongo seNainai Dian — ngaphezulu.
Isimo sezulu: Ukuguquka kusuka esimweni se-subtropical kuya e-moderate monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi yi-12,5–15,5 °C; umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nangunambili ungaphezu kuka-10 °C. Inani lezinsuku ezinokufiphala — ngaphezu kwe-102 ngonyaka. Kugcwele ukukhanya okuhlakazekile (散射光), okukhuthaza ukugcwala kwe-L-theanine nama-amino acid.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi enesihlabathi esiphuzi esine-asidi encane (微酸性黄沙土), i-pH engu-4,5–5,6. Icebile ngomquba, kanye nge-zinc ne-selenium. Inhlabathi ithuthukiswe phezu kwezingqimba zamatshe endulo futhi yaziwa ngegama lendawo “umhlabathi onomphela” (香灰土, xiānghuī tǔ) — indawo ekahle yezihlahla zetiye.
Imvelo: Ukumboza kwamahlathi kuyi-87,6%. Ukusetshenziswa kwemanyolo yamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane akuvumelekile; ipulazi linesitifiketi se-organic saseYurophu. Indawo yamukelwa njengendawo yokubonisa izinto eziphilayo kazwelonke.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Yangtian Xue Lü buyisungulo somqambi wabo-1980, esihlanganisa izici zokuqhotsa okujwayelekile kwe-Longjing kanye ne-Japanese sencha. Ukucutshungulwa ngesandla kuhlanganisa amasu angaphezu kweshumi, okuhlanganisa “ukukha” (捞, lāo), “ukunyakazisa” (抖, dǒu), “ukuhola” (带, dài), “ukusakaza” (撒, sā), “ukugingqa” (搓, cuō) kanye “nokucindezela” (压, yā). Umthetho “ukuhlanganiswa komlilo omncane noweqile” (文火武火并施) — ovela esikweni lamaJaphani.

Ukunaba-ukuphola (摊青, tān qīng): Amaqabunga asanda kuvunwa anabeka ungqimba omncane amahora angu-4 ukulahlekelwa kancane umswakama kanye nokwakhiwa kwephunga ekuqaleni.
Ukuqinisa uhlaza — “ukubulala kohlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Kwenziwa epanini lensimbi (铁锅) ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-120 °C. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kunalelo lamanye amatiye amaningi e-chao-qing — lokhu kusiza ukugcina ubumnene beqabunga nephunga elicashile.
Ukubunjwa (做形, zuòxíng): Isigaba esiyinhloko, esinika itiye isimo salo esicaba esijwayelekile. Kuhlanganisa amasu amabili: “ukugingqa ku-turniquet” (搓条, cuō tiáo) — ukwelula iqabunga phakathi kwezintende ukudala umugqa oqondile; kanye “nokuphonsa ku-turniquet” (甩条, shuǎi tiáo) — ukunyakazisa kancane ukuze kuqondiswe futhi kulinganiselwe. Kulesi sigaba itiye lithola isimo esicaba, esizacile, esincishile imenye kancane ngoboya obuphumela ngaphandle.
Ukomisa ekuqaleni — 毛火 (máo huǒ): Ukushisa ngo-80 °C; ukunciphisa okuqukethwe umswakama kuze kufike ezingeni eliphakathi.
Ukomisa okungujuqu — 足干 (zú gān): Ukomisa isikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi elingu-60 °C kuze kube umswakama uba ngaphansi noma ulingana no-7%. Kusiqinisekisa iphunga nokuzinza lapho kugcinwa.

6. Izici Zezinzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isicaba, isizacile, isiqondile (扁平挺秀), sinoboya obuningi besiliva (显毫). Umbala uluhlaza okotshani, unomsoco (翠绿油润). Icembe lilungile, lilinganiselwe ngosayizi. Ngokubonakalayo lifana ne-Longjing, kodwa linoboya obuvezwa kakhudlwana.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Licocekile, liphakeme, linenothi ecacile ye-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Ekuvuneni kwentwasahlobo — kunenothi eyengeziwe ye-chestnut (栗香).
Iphunga lokungeniswa: Limile, lihlala isikhathi eside, linenothi ebusayo ye-orchid. Ukuphakama kwephunga kungenye yezici eziphawulekayo: ngokwezinga lokuhlukaniswa kwendawo, iphunga lichazwa ngokuthi “qing gao chijiu” (清高持久) — “elicocekile, eliphakeme, elihlala njalo”.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha futhi okuthambile-okuminyene (鲜醇, xiān chún), ngokugcwala okunoshukela okugcwele (甘厚, gān hòu). Ukunambitheka emva kokugwinya ubumnandi obuhlala isikhathi eside obuphindelelayo (回甘持久). Ubukrakra nobulala lapho kulungiswe ngendlela efanele akukho. Umzimba wokungeniswa umaphakathi, u-silky.
Umbala wokungeniswa: Uluhlaza okotshani obumnene obuphuzi kancane (嫩绿微黄), umsulwa futhi obalele (清澈明净).
Amacembe etiye (itiye elifakwe emanzini): Aluhlaza okotshani, agqamile (嫩绿明亮), alinganayo, aphilayo (匀齐鲜活). Amaqabunga aqhakaza ngokuphelele, ekhombisa ukuphelela nobumnene.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Yangtian Xue Lü ihlukaniswa ngokuba noketshezi olukhishwa emanzini oluphezulu kanye nama-amino acid — okuwumphumela wokubuka enyakatho kanye nomkhathi omncane wezintaba eziphakeme.

Ukukhishwa emanzini (水浸出物): ≥44% — okungenye kwezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye ahlaza anamagama esiShayina, okuqinisekisa ‘ukuminyana’ okwedlulele nokugcwala kokungeniswa.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): ≥4,6%. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kuhlangene nokukhanya okuhlakazekile kanye nomehluko wezinga lokushisa losuku olungaphezu kuka-10 °C.
Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚): ≥23% (ezingakwa lokuqala nangaphezulu). Izinga elimaphakathi uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye amaningi ahlaza aseningizimu — yilokhu okuvame ukuchaza ukuthamba nokungabibikho kokubukraka.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — ingaphakathi kwemingcele ejwayelekile yetiye eluhlaza (2,5–4%); i-theobromine, i-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C — 100–500 mg/100g (ukwehluka okukhulu ngokuya ngesikhathi nonyaka kanye nezinga). Amavithamini eqembu B, i-vitamin E.
Amaminerali: I-Zinc ne-selenium — ngezilinganiso eziphakeme, ezihlangene nokugcwala kwamaminerali enhlabathini yase-Dabieshan.
Amafa-oyela: Iphrofayili yephunga le-orchid yakhiwa i-linalool, i-geraniol, ne-nerolidol.
Isici esikhethekile ekwakhekeni: Isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenol (ama-amino acid/ama-polyphenol ≈ 0,2) — okungenye yezimpawu zamatiye aluhlaza ‘athambile’, ‘anoshukela’.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukuvikela ama-antioxidant: Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-Vitamin C (kuze kufinyelele ku-500 mg/100g) kuqinisekisa ukwehliswa okusebenzayo kwezinye iziyingi ezilimazayo nokwesekwa kwezingqamuzana.
Ukukhipha ubuthi nokuvikela emisebeni: I-Vitamin C isiza ukukhipha izinsimbi ezisindayo (i-lead, i-cadmium) nokunciphisa imiphumela yokuthintwa yimisebe.
Umphumela wokuvuselela: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inika ukuhluzeka okuthambile, okulinganayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka — isimo sokugxilisa okuzolile.
Ukusekela i-metabolism yamafutha: Ama-catechin avuselela ukushiswa kwamafutha; ukusetshenziswa okulinganayo okuqhubekayo kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cholesterol nokuvimbela isifo samatshe ebile (ngokuvuselela ukuguqulwa kwe-cholesterol ibe yi-bile acid).
Isistimu yamehlo nenhliziyo: Ama-polyphenol etiye ahlotshaniswa nokwehliswa komfutho wegazi nokuthuthuka kwe-elasticity yemithambo yegazi.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ithuthukisa i-alpha rhythms yobuchopho, inceda ekucabangeni okungenasiphithiphithi nokugxilisa ingqondo.
Isimo sesikhumba: Inhlanganisela yama-antioxidant (i-vitamin C + ama-catechin) isekela ukwakhiwa kwe-collagen nokuvikela ekugugeni okubangelwa ukukhanya.
Ukugaya ukudla: Ukugcwala okulinganayo kwama-tannin kuvuselela i-peristalsis ngaphandle kokucasula ulwelwesi lwamathumbu.

9. Ukunqampuna:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C. Amanzi abilayo angaphezu kuka-90 °C awanconywa nhlobo — izinga lokushisa eliphezulu libulala i-theanine futhi liqinisa ukubukraka.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso siyi-1:50).
Isitsha: Ingilazi eyingilazi (玻璃杯) — ilungele ukubona isimo seqabunga nombala wokungeniswa; i-gaywan emhlophe ye-porcelain (盖碗) — yokwembula ngokugcwele iphunga nokuhlola ukunambitheka ngesendlalelo ngesendlalelo.
Inqubo:

Shisisa ingilazi noma i-gaywan ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
Sebenzisa indlela yokuthelela phezulu (上投法, shàngtóufǎ): kuqala thela amanzi engilazini, bese uwisa itiye ngokucophelela — amaqabunga azocwila kancane, evuleka.
Thela amanzi ngokushelela, ngasemngceleni wesitsha — lokhu kuvimbela ukuhlakazeka kwezintambo namazinyane nokuphazamiseka kwamanzi.
Ukungeniswa kokuqala — umzuzu ongu-1. Okulandelayo ngakunye — ngokukhuphuka kwemizuzwana engu-20.
Itiye lizingatha izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-7 zokuthelela (耐泡度7次以上).
Nge-gaywan: sebenzisa isikhathi sokungeniswa esimaphakathi semizuzwana engu-15–20 ezikhathini zokuqala zokuthelela, ukhuphule ngemizuzwana engu-5–10.

Iseluleko: Lapho ukunqampuna engilazini, ungangeza amanzi lapho usuphuze cishe ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu — lokhu kugcina ukugxila okuqhubekayo.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele nokungangenisi ukukhanya (i-aluminium foil + ikani le-tin noma i-tin). Gcina esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C.
Isikhathi: Kukhombisa kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyisi-6–12 zokuqala. Itiye elisha kunconywa ‘ukuvuswa’ (醒茶) izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva kokuvulwa — ukuligcina emoyeni endaweni evikelekile ekukhanyeni ukuze kuhlanzwe ukunambitheka okuseleyo “komlilo”. Ngemuva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, ukushisa, amaphunga angaphandle, umoya-mpilo. Ungagcini eduze kwemikhiqizo enuka kamnandi.
Isaziso: Ekugcineni isikhathi esifushane (kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili) kuvunyelwe indawo epholile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Izinkomba zentengo (imakethe yangaphakathi yaseShayina, 2023–2024):
- Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级): ≥500 yuan ngejin (500 g) — amahlumela amsulwa noma ihlumela + iqabunga elilodwa, iphunga le-orchid eligqamile.
- Izinga lokuqala (一级): 200–500 yuan ngejin — ihlumela + iqabunga elilodwa, iphunga elimsulwa, ukunambitheka okuminyene.
- Izinga lesibili (二级): ngaphansi kuka-200 yuan ngejin — okungabizi kakhulu nsuku zonke.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Hlola ukuma kweqabunga: I-Yangtian Xue Lü yangeqiniso icaba, izacile, inokumenyezela okugqamile noboya obuningi besiliva. Izinkohliso zivame ukuba nokwakheka okuxegayo noma okungahlelekile.
- Hlaziya iphunga: Itiye langempela linephunga le-orchid elimile ngaphandle kwephunga “lotshani”, ibala eliluhlaza noma elimuncu.
- Hlola ukungeniswa: Umbala uluhlaza okotshani obuphuzi kancane, umsulwa futhi obalele. Ukungeniswa okungacocekile noma okuluhlaza okumnyama kuyinkomba yokushintshwa noma ukugcinwa ngendlela engafanele.
- Naka intengo: Ukubiza okucashile ‘kwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu’ kuyinkomba yokushintshwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezishibhile.
- Khetha umthengisi: Khetha imikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo (国家地理标志产品) evela esifundeni saseGushi. Amabhrendi ahambisana nezindawo ezithile zetiye zase-Yangtian Wa athembekile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Itiye eliqanjwe ngenkondlo: I-Yangtian Xue Lü ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa aseShayina igama lawo eliqondene ncamashi nomugqa wenkondlo. Umbhali wenkondlo ngu-Wu Qijun (吴其濬), okuwukuphela kwezazi ezibe yizifundiswa eziphezulu ‘eyayiphume phambili ezivivinyweni zikahulumeni’ (状元) emlandweni wesifundazwe saseHenani ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Qing, futhi wayengumbhali womsebenzi omkhulu wezitshalo “Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao” (《植物名实图考》) — enye yama-atlas abalulekile ezitshalo aseShayina ekhulwini le-19.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasiko amabili: Ekwakhiweni kwetiye ngo-1982–1984, usosayensi wezolimo uZhu Xueyi waboleka ngamabomu izakhi zobuchwepheshe be-Japanese sencha (ukucutshungulwa okuthambile, ukugxila ekulondolozeni ama-amino acid) futhi wazihlanganisa nokuqhotsa okujwayelekile kwesiShayina. Lokhu kwenza i-Yangtian Xue Lü ibe yisibonelo esiyivelakancane sokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko ekukhiqizeni itiye.
Ukuhlangana kwesimo sezulu: Isifunda saseGushi sitholakala ngempela emngceleni we-0 °C isotherm kaJanuwari — umngcele wezulu phakathi kwe-subtropics nezindawo ezipholile zaseShayina. Lesi simo esiyinguquko sinika amatiye endawo i-ambivalence eyingqayizivele: ukuthamba kwamatiye aseningizimu nokuminyana nokuqina kwawasenyakatho.
“Isimo sezitshalo”: Ngo-2015, i-Yangtian Xue Lü yafakwa ohlwini lwemikhiqizo engu-11 yaseGushi eyathola ukuvikelwa kwemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo ezingeni kazwelonke — okuyisibonelo sokuqala esinjalo eShayina ezingeni lesifunda esiphelele.
Ubumelwane bezicukuthwane: Izivande zetiye zaseGushi zitholakala ncamashi phakathi kwezifunda ezimbili ezinamatiye adumile: i-Xinyang (信阳) ngasentshonalanga ne-Mao Jian yayo kanye ne-Lu’an (六安) ngasempumalanga ne-Gua Pian yayo. Ngale ndlela, i-Yangtian Xue Lü ikhula ‘emthunzini wabakhulu’, kodwa inikeza iphrofayili yokunambitheka ehluke ngokuphelele.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

I-Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Umakhelwane oseduze kakhulu ngokwendawo, ongomunye ‘wezinkombe eziyishumi ezidumile zaseShayina’. Zombili zingama-Henan, zombili zinoboya obuningi. Kodwa i-Mao Jian inokwakheka okuyindilinga, okucijile okusontelwe (细圆光直), kuyilapho i-Xue Lü icaba futhi izacile. Iphunga le-Mao Jian linamandla e-chestnut/ama-bean; i-Xue Lü inenothi ebusayo ye-orchid. Indawo yase-Xinyang iphakeme kancane (800–1000 m), kodwa ngaphandle komphumela ogqamile wokubuka enyakatho.
I-Xihu Longjing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Itiye lohlaza olucaba oluyisibonelo. Isimo seqabunga le-Yangtian Xue Lü ngokubonakalayo sifana ne-Longjing, kodwa i-Xue Lü inoboya obuvezwa kakhudlwana (毫), kuyilapho i-Longjing enhle kakhulu ibushelelezi. Iphunga le-Longjing linamandla e-chestnut/ama-bean, “eliqhotsiwe” kakhulu; i-Xue Lü inamandla ezimbali (i-orchid). I-Longjing iyi-chao-qing (ukuqhotsa nge-wok); i-Xue Lü iyi-hong-qing (ukomisa ngokushisa), okunika iphunga elithambile, “lomoya”.
I-Taiping Houkui (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Anhui, nalo lisendaweni yase-Dabieshan, kodwa linamacembe amakhulu kakhulu. I-Houkui “inkulu kunazo zonke” zamatiye aluhlaza ayizicaba; i-Xue Lü ngokuphambene, incane kakhulu. Iphunga le-Houkui liyi-orchid (兰花香), okulenza lihambisane ne-Xue Lü, kodwa ukunambitheka kwe-Houkui kunamafutha futhi “kunomthamo omkhulu”.
I-Lu’an Gua Pian (六安瓜片, Liù’ān Guāpiàn): Umakhelwane osempumalanga ongase-Dabieshan. Ihlukile ngoba yenziwa ngezicucu zamaqabunga ngaphandle kwehlumela. Isimo siwucezu olusongelwe “lohlamvu lwethanga”. Iphunga “lifudumele” kakhudlwana, liyi-chestnut. Ukungabikho kwehlumela kunikeza ukunambitheka okungemnene kakhulu kodwa okugcwele.
I-Jiuhuashan Mao Jian (九华山毛尖): Itiye lesibili elinegama laseGushi. Likhiqizwa ezindaweni ezilinganayo, kodwa ngobuchwepheshe obusondelene kakhulu ne-Xinyang Mao Jian yakudala. Isimo siyindilinga, sisontelwe; iphunga liyi-chestnut. Uma i-Jiuhuashan Mao Jian ‘ingameleli yesiko’ lamatiye aseGushi, i-Yangtian Xue Lü ‘ingumqambi omusha onobuciko’.

Ekuphetheni

I-Yangtian Xue Lü ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza anobunkondlo kakhulu futhi anobuchwepheshe obuhlukile enkabeni yeShayina. Izalwe empambanweni yezifunda ezinkulu zetiye, ithathe ukuthamba kwendawo yase-Dabieshan, ubumnandi be-orchid bephunga kanye nobuhle besimo esicaba, okukhumbuza i-Longjing, kodwa ngobuntu bayo. Leli tiye lilungele kakhulu labo ababalule emathipheni aluhlaza hhayi ubukrakra kanye ‘nobuhlaza’ obugqamile, kodwa ubumnandi obunamafutha, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nalokho kungcola okukhethekile okuvame ukulethwa inkungu yezintaba kuphela empambanweni yaseningizimu nasenyakatho. Igama lalo liyiposi yobunkondlo: isiqongo seqhwa, amahlumela ajade nokubheka okubheke esibhakabhakeni.