Yàndàng Máo Fēng · new.thetea.app

I-Yàndàng Máo Fēng iyitii eluhlaza laseShayina elinomlando ongaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1600, likhiqizwa emithambekeni yentaba edumile iYandang (雁荡山, Yàndàngshān) esifundazweni saseZhejiang. Amagama asendulo athi ‘Yanming’ (雁茗) kanye nelithi ‘Yandang Yunwu’ (雁荡云雾, ‘Inkungu Yomhwamuko YaseYandang’) akhombisa ukuhlobana kwaleli tii namakhulu eminyaka nezindawo ezinenkungu zentaba-mlilo yasemandulo. Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yomhlabathi wentaba-mlilo yasendulo, inkungu eningi, kanye nokuhlangana kwezihlahla zetiye namadwala kwakha iphrofayili ejwayelekile ‘yōuxiāng qīngtián’ (幽香清甜) — ‘iphunga elicashile nokumnandi okumsulwa’.

1. Isigaba Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — elingavuthwanga. Izinga lokucolisiswa liphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-5%). Ngokobuchwepheshe lingaphansi kwe-hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng) — iqembu lamatiye omiswa ngomoya oshisayo, elinezici ze-chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — ukugazingwa ebhodweni.
Umkhakha: Amatiye aluhlaza aseShayina endawo. Itiye elinesiqinisekiso se-geographical indication (国家农产品地理标志产品, 2018).
Indawo yokuvela: IShayina, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江省, Zhèjiāng shěng), idolobha-isiyingi iYueqing (乐清市, Yuèqīng shì), indawo yentaba iYandang (雁荡山).
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: cishe 28°23′ N, 121°05′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukulinywa kwetiye ezintabeni zaseYandang kusukela enkathini ye-Eastern Jin (东晋, Dōng Jìn). Ngokwemibhalo, phakathi neminyaka yokubusa ngaphansi kwesiqubulo i-Yonghe (永和, 345–365 CE), indela yobuBuddha u-Nuojuna (诺讵那, Nuòjùnà) yaletha isiko letiye ezindaweni zezindela zakhona, yabeka isisekelo somqondo othi ‘chá chán yī wèi’ (茶禅一味) — ‘itiye nobuChán kuyinto eyodwa’. Ngesikhathi se-Northern Song (北宋, Běi Sòng), ngonyaka wesine wesiqubulo i-Chunhua (淳化, 993 CE), itiye laseYandang lafakwa ohlwini lwezipho ezazithunyelwa enkantolo yombusi (土贡散茶). Ngezikhathi ze-Ming (明, Míng) ne-Qing (清, Qīng), i-‘Yanming’ yahlala iyigòngchá (贡茶, gòngchá) yasenkantolo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-500. Imbongi ye-Song u-Mei Yaochen (梅尧臣, Méi Yáochén) yadumisa itiye laseYandang enkondlweni ethi ‘Isipho Setiye LaseBi Xiao Peak’ (《遣碧霄峰茗诗》), kanti umbhali we-Qing u-Yuan Mei (袁枚, Yuán Méi) washiya imigqa edumile ngezimpophoma zaseDalunqiu, lapho kusezansi kwazo izingadi zetiye ezinhle kakhulu. Ngo-1954, i-Yàndàng Máo Fēng yafakwa ohlwini ‘lwamatiye Adumile aseShayina’ (中国名茶). Ngo-1963, itiye laqanjwa ngokusemthethweni igama lanamuhla elithi ‘Yàndàng Máo Fēng’. Ngo-1979, lafakwa encwadini ethi ‘Amatiye Adumile aseShayina’ (《中国名茶》). Ngo-2005, itiye lazuza isiqu sokuba ngelinye ‘lamatiye Ayishumi Aphezulu Okuvakasha eSifundazweni saseZhejiang’. Ngo-2009, ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhiqiza babhaliswa kwiRejista Yamagugu Angaphatheki eSifundazweni saseZhejiang. Ngo-2018, uMnyango Wezolimo wase-PRC wanikeza itiye isikhundla ‘somkhiqizo one-geographical indication’ (国家农产品地理标志). Ngeminyaka ka-2022–2023, i-Yàndàng Máo Fēng ingene ‘kwabaphambili abayi-100 zemikhiqizo yezolimo ene-geographical indication yaseShayina’, kanti inani lohlobo lwalo ngo-2023 leqa ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.
Igama: ‘Yandang’ (雁荡) ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ‘indawo yamahansi’ — ngokwenganekwane, echibini eliphakeme i-Yanhu (雁湖) kuqinza ikwindla amahansi asendle ayama; umhambi odumile wenkathi ye-Ming u-Xu Xiake (徐霞客, Xú Xiákè) wabiza lendawo ngokuthi ‘ikhaya lamahansi nama-swans’ (鸿雁之家). ‘Mao Feng’ (毛峰) — ‘isiqongo esinoboya’ — sikhomba uboya obumhlophe obuningi (bái háo, 白毫) ezingcupheni ezithambile eziqoqwe eziqongweni zezintaba.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Yàndàng Máo Fēng ingenye ‘yezinto eziyigugu ezinhlanu zentaba iYandang’ (雁山五珍). Itiye lixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nentaba edumile, ephakathi ‘kwezintaba eziPhambili zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga’ (东南第一山), kanye ne-UNESCO Global Geopark (iyi-geopark yokuqala emhlabeni enesihloko sentaba-mlilo ye-Mesozoic). Umgomo wokulima othi ‘itiye likuyindawo, indawo ikutiyeni; itiye likusehlathini, ihlathi likutiyeni; itshe lizala itiye, itiye likhula netshe’ (茶在景中，景中有茶；茶在林中，林中有茶；石与茶生，茶与石长) uphendula izingadi zetiye zibe yingxenye yefa lomhlaba.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko iyinhlobo yasendaweni (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), ehlukahlukene ngokofuzo, esatshalaliswa ngembewu, eyakha cishe amaphesenti angama-70 ezitshalo. Ingezohlobo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — uhlobo lwamacembe amancane olumila njengendawo. Eminye ihlanganisa: i-Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43) — i-clone evuthwa kusenesikhathi enamazinga aphezulu e-amino acid; i-Yingshuang (迎霜, Yíngshuāng) — uhlobo oluvuthwa maphakathi nephunga elimnandi; i-Zhiren Zao (智仁早, Zhìrén Zǎo) — uhlobo olusheshayo kakhulu; uchungechunge lwe-Zhenong (浙农, Zhènóng) — ama-clone ahlukaniselwe izifunda.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo kuyinhloko. I-Míngchá (明茶) — ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming (清明, ≈ 5 April): izingcuphe ezingashadile kuphela; i-yǔchá (雨茶) — ngaphambi kwe-Guyu (谷雨, ≈ 20 April): ingcuphe neqabunga elilodwa. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwentaba kubambezela ukumila ngamaviki ayi-1-2 uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo eziphansi.
Izinga lokuvuna: Izinga elikhethekile — ingcuphe eyodwa (≥ 95% izingcuphe ezingashadile); izinga lokuqala — ingcuphe neqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn); izinga lesibili — ingcuphe namacembe amabili. Akuvunwa amaqabunga alimele, ansomi, nawase mvuleni. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ematiyeni asezingeni eliphezulu, amazinga ama-amino acid akhululekile ekuvuneni kwasentwasahlobo kumele abe okungenani yi-4.2%, kanti amahlumela asentwasahlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zendawo aphawuleka ngezingcuphe eziwugqinsi, ezinomsoco ezinoboya besiliva obugqamile.

4. Indawo Yokutshala Nezici Zokukhula:

Ukwakheka komhlaba kanye ne-geology: I-Yandang iyintaba-mlilo yasemandulo ye-Mesozoic. Ukuguguleka kwetshe lentaba-mlilo kwakha ‘umhlabathi womlotha onephunga elimnandi’ (香灰土, xiāng huī tǔ) oyingqayizivele — i-loam elula ezinamatshe, enikeza ukuphuma kwamanzi okuhle nokungenisa umoya kwezimpande. Izihlahla zetiye zivame ukumila ngqo emifantwini yamatshe, zithola ukudla okunamaminerali ezitsheni ze-basalt.
Ukuphakama kokumila: amamitha ayi-100–1046 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izingadi zetiye ezibalulekile zisekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-500–1000. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu iyindawo yaseYanhugang (雁湖岗, 900–1046 m).
Umhlabathi: Obomvu (红壤), ophuzi (黄壤), wezintaba ezinotshani, nowomlotha wezintaba (山地香灰土). I-acidic: pH 4.5–6.5. Iqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kuka-3%. Umhlabathi unothe ngama-microelement — i-iron, i-magnesium, i-manganese.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sase-subtropical ocean monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngu-18.3 °C. Umswakama womoya ungaphezu kuka-81%. Inani lezinsuku ezinenkungu zingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nemini kubambezela ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi kusiza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi.
I-ecology: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi kungaphezu kuka-90%. Ingqikithi yendawo ekhiqizayo ingaphansi kwezindawo zokongiwa kwamanzi, lapho amanyolo amakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kuvinjelwe khona. Ukukhanya okusabalele, okungena efwini nasemikhoneni yezihlahla, kukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwe-L-theanine nezinto ezinuka kamnandi eziguquguqukayo. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngamanzi ezimithombo yezintaba, ahlangabezana nezinga leklasi II lamanzi okuphuza ngokwezinga likazwelonke le-PRC.

Izindawo eziKhiqiza Ngokuyinhloko:

ILongqiubei (龙湫背, Lóngqiū bèi) — endaweni ethambekele ngemuva kwezimpophoma ezidumile iDalunqiu (大龙湫, ukuphakama kokuwa cishe kwamamitha ayi-190), indawo ehlonishwa kakhulu.
IDoushuaindong (斗蟀洞, Dòushuàidòng) — amathala emigedeni yezintaba.
IYanhugang (雁湖岗, Yànhú gǎng) — indawo ephakeme (≥ 500 m) enezingadi zetiye zasendulo (iminyaka yezihlahla ingaphezu kuka-30, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 wezitshalo).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Yàndàng Máo Fēng yenziwa ngobuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obuhlanganisa i-hōngqīng (烘青, ukomiswa ngomoya oshisayo) ne-chǎoqīng (炒青, ukugazingwa ebhodweni) — ‘hōng chǎo jiéhé’ (烘炒结合). Kuyo yonke inqubo, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi oqalo nokhuni: ukuthintana nensimbi kugwenywa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucolisiswa okungafunwa. Ukukhiqiza amagremu angama-500 etiye lezinga eliphezulu kudinga izingcuphe ezingaba ngu-32,000.

Ukuvuna nokuhlunga (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla ngokwezinga elibekiwe. Ukulahla ngokushesha ‘amahlamvu enhlanzi’ (鱼叶), izingqimba ezingashadile, amahlumela alimele.
Ukuncishiswa kwamanzi / ukunwetshwa (摊放, tān fàng): Amaqabunga amasha anwetshwa ngendlela elungile ezintini zoqalo (竹匾, zhú biǎn) amahora ayi-6–12. Kwenzeka ukulahleka komswakama, ukugqugquzelwa kwama-enzyme, nokuqala kokwakhiwa kwephunga elimnandi.
Ukuqinisa uhlaza — shā qīng (杀青, shā qīng): Izinga lokushisa kwebhodwe cishe ngu-180 °C. Kusetshenziswa indlela ehlanganisiwe ‘yokuphonsa nokucindezela’ (抛闷结合, pāo mèn jiéhé): ukushintshanisa kokuphonselwa phezulu kwamahlamvu (ukuze umhwamuko usheshe uhambe) nokucindezelwa isikhashana ngesivalo (ukuze kuze kushise ngokulinganayo). Inhloso — ukwenza ama-oxidative enzyme angasebenzi nokuqinisa umbala oluhlaza.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róu niǎn): Ukusonga kancane esitsheni soqalo (竹匾轻揉). Kwakha ukwakheka kweqabunga, kucekela phansi izindonga zamangqamuzana ukuze kamuva kukhipheke.
Ukomiswa kokuqala — hōng pī (烘坯, hōng pī): Izinga lokushisa lingu-100–150 °C. Ukunciphisa umswakama ngokushesha.
Ukubunjwa nokugqanyiswa koboya — lǐ tiáo tí háo (理条提毫, lǐ tiáo tí háo): Izinga lokushisa cishe ngu-80 °C. Ukusulwa ngesandla nokulungiswa kwengxenye ngayinye yetiye (搓条, cuō tiáo), lapho uboya besiliva ‘buyaphakama’ buye ngaphezulu. Kulesi sigaba lapho kwakheka khona ukumila okugobiseke kancane, okufana nenaliti likaphayini.
Ukomiswa kokugcina — fù hōng (复烘, fù hōng): Ukomiswa isikhathi eside ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngo-60 °C (低温长烘, dī wēn cháng hōng) — isici esiyingqayizivele sobuchwepheshe be-Yàndàng Máo Fēng, ‘esikhiya’ iphunga eliyimbali elicashile. Ukuqukethwe komswakama emkhiqizweni osuphelile kuphezu noma ngaphansi kuka-7.0%.

6. Izimpawu Zezitho Zomzimba:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Izingcezu zetiye zincane, zisontekile kakhulu, zigobiseke kancane (细紧微曲), zimile njengamanaliti kaphayini. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani ocebile onoboya besiliva obugqamile (翠绿显毫). Itiye lasemazingeni aphezulu lakhiwa cishe izingcuphe ezingashadile ezinomnyezana okhazimulayo weparele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile futhi lihle (清香), linamathoni amancane wase-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng), agqama kakhulu etiyeni elivela enkabeni yendawo ekhiqizayo. Kukhona izingqinamba ezithambile zohlaza olusha nokumnandi okuncane ‘kobisi’.
Iphunga lomunyu: Lizinzile, lihle ‘futhi lijulile’ (清香幽长) — inothi eliyinhloko lichazwa ngokuthi ‘yōuxiāng’ (幽香, ‘iphunga lokuthula, elicashile’). Lembuleka ngamathoni embali ye-orchid notshani obusanda kugundwa, kanye nothoni omncane wama-chestnut ekuvulekeni kokugcina.
Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi futhi kuhlanzekile (鲜醇爽口). Umzimba othambile, ogubuzelayo onobumnandi bemvelo obugqamile (清甜). Ubukrakra nokubaba kuncane ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-polyphenol (cishe i-14.7%) nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. Kunomphumela ocacile we-huígān (回甘) — ubumnandi obusabuya obukhula ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Umbala womunyu: Uluhlaza okotshani othambile, ogqamile futhi osobala (嫩绿明亮). Ezingeni elikhethekile — unomnyezana omncane ophuzi; ezingeni lokuqala — ukhanyelwe ophuzi, osobala (淡黄透亮).
Iqabunga letiye (eliqholiwe): Lithambile, liyafana, linombala oluhlaza ophilayo, amaqabunga avuleka abe ‘yizingcuphe’ eziphelele (嫩匀鲜活成朵).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duō fēn): Iqukethwe iphezu noma ngaphansi kuka-26% (ngokwezinga le-geographical indication), kumasampula ajwayelekile — angu-14.7–19.15% kuye nge-cultivar nenkathi yonyaka. Izinga le-polyphenol ephansi ngokuqhathaniswa nelinye itiye eluhlaza lichaza ukuthamba nobukrakra obuncane bomunyu. Izakhi eziyinhloko — ama-catechin (i-epigallocatechin gallate — i-EGCG, i-epicatechin — i-EC, njll.).
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjī suān): Angaphezu noma alingana no-4.2% ekuvuneni kwasentwasahlobo (ngokwe-geographical indication), nge-cultivar i-Longjing 43 — kufinyelela ku-4.49%. Kugqame i-L-theanine (茶氨酸, L-theanine), enikeza iphrofayili ‘ye-umami-emnandi’ kanye nomphumela wokupholisa. Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid liwumphumela wenkungu eningi nokukhanya okusabalele.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱) — 3.1–4.38% kuye nge-cultivar (ngokocwaningo lweZhejiang Tea Research Institute), ngaphansi komkhawulo omkhulu ongu-4.5%, ovuna ukwakheka kokusha kwetiye eluhlaza. I-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
Izinto ezikhipheka emanzini (水浸出物): Zingaphezu noma zilingana no-36% (izinga le-GI), kumanye amasampula — kufinyelela ku-49.6%. Inkomba ephezulu ikhombisa ukunotha nokujiya komunyu.
I-fluoride (氟): Cishe ngu-15 mg / 100 g — okuqukethwe okuphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, okubangelwa umhlabathi wentaba-mlilo.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (i-ascorbic acid) — ejwayelekile ematiyeni aluhlaza angacoliswanga kakhulu; amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂, B₃-niacin), i-folic acid.
Amaminerali: I-iron, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-potassium — okuqukethwe okuphakeme kubangelwa ukwakheka kwamaminerali omhlabathi wentaba-mlilo.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi: Kuhlanganisa i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerolidol — izithwali ezivamile zamathoni embali ne-orchid, okuyisici samatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni zaseZhejiang. Ukomiswa kokugcina ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi kugcina ngokuphelele izingxenyana ezinuka kamnandi eziguquguqukayo.

Isici Sokwakheka Okuyingqayizivele: Isilinganiso se-phenol-amino acid (酚氨比, fēn ān bǐ) siphakathi kuka-3.76–6.24 kuye nge-cultivar — singaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo ongu-8, okuqinisekisa ukugcizelela kwetiye eluhlaza kanye nokugqama kokusha kunobukrakra.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-catechin nama-polyphenol asusa ngempumelelo ama-free radical, asize ukubambezela izinqubo zokuguga kwamangqamuzana.
Umthelela ovuselelayo: I-caffeine ehlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza ukukhuthazwa okuthambile, okusesilinganisweni — ukucaca kwengqondo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngokweqile. Umphumela ‘wokuhlala uphapheme ngokuthula’ (轻松提神).
Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol asiza ukwenza inqubo ye-lipid metabolism ibe yinto ejwayelekile, ehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol ephansi, aqinise izindonga zemithambo.
Ukusiza ukugaya: Ama-catechin akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya, asize ukwehlukanisa amafutha, anciphise umuzwa wokusinda ngemuva kokudla.
Ukuvikela amazinyo: Izinga eliphezulu le-fluoride (15 mg / 100 g) kanye nezakhiwo zama-polyphenol zokulwa namagciwane zicindezela ukusebenza kwamagciwane abangela ukuwola kwamazinyo.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Inhlanganisela yamavithamini C neqembu B, kanye ne-zinc ne-manganese, isekela imisebenzi yokuvikela yomzimba.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ithuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo, ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, isize ukufinyelela esimweni sokugxila okukhululekile.
Ukulawula ukushisa komzimba nomphumela wokuqabula: Ngokwesiko kunconywa ngezikhathi zonyaka ezishisayo — kusiza ukwenza ukushintshaniswa kokushisa komzimba kube yinto ejwayelekile, nokuqeda ukoma.

9. Indlela Yokudonsa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-85 °C libhubhisa i-chlorophyll, okubangela umunyu ophuzi nokwanda kobukrakra.
Isilinganiso setiye: amagremu ama-3 ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
Ithuluzi: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi) — ivumela ukubukela ukuvuleka kwezingcuphe; i-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) enomthamo we-100–120 ml — yokudonsa okulawulekayo.
Inqubo (ingilazi yengilazi, indlela ‘yokugalela phezulu’ — shàng tóu fǎ, 上投法):

Shayisa ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo, uwachithe.
Thela amanzi (80–85 °C) kuze kufike ku-7/10 yomthamo.
Gxilisa ngokucophelela amagremu ama-3 etiye phezu kwamanzi.
Bukela izingcuphe ziyacwila kancane — lokhu kungenye ‘yezimpawu ezibonakalayo’ ze-Yàndàng Máo Fēng.
Vivianye imizuzu emi-2–3.
Phuza kuze kusele u-1/3, wongeze amanzi ashisayo. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokwengezwa oku-3–4.

Inqubo (i-gaiwan, isitayela se-gongfu):

Shayisa i-gaiwan nesitsha sobulungiswa (公道杯) ngamanzi abilayo.
Thela amagremu ama-5 etiye.
Hlanza ngokuthela kokuqala (imizuzwana emi-5) — chitha.
Ukuthela kokuqala okusebenzayo: imizuzwana engama-30.
Ukuthela okulandelayo: ukwanda ngemizuzwana emi-5–10. Itiye lezinga elikhethekile limelana nokuvulwa okugcwele okungu-4–5.
Thela ngokuphelele, ungashiyi okudonsiwe kwi-gaiwan.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izinga lokushisa: Kunconywa ukugcinwa efrijini ngo-0–5 °C (njengamanye amatiye aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu).
Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okungangeni moya — izikhwama ze-vacuum zocwe lwensimbi noma izikhamba zobumba ezinembozo oqinile. Gwema izitsha zengilazi nezepulasitiki ezinombala osabalele.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, iphunga langaphandle, umoya.
Isikhathi sokusha okusemandleni: Izinyanga eziyi-6–12 kusukela ekukhiqizweni. Itiye elisha kunconywa ukuthi lihlale izinsuku eziyi-10–15 endaweni emnyama ukuze ‘kwehle umlilo’ (褪火气, tuì huǒqì) ngaphambi kokudliwa. Ngemuva kokuvulwa kwephakeji, kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi namahora angama-72 ukuze kugcinwe iphunga elimnandi ngokuphelele.
Isici esijabulisayo: Kunesisho sendawo esithi ‘iminyaka emithathu ngeke ilahlekelwe — ihlumela lesigolide’ (三年不败黄金芽), okukhombisa ukuqina kwephunga elimnandi lapho kugcinwe ngendlela efanele.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zokuzenza:

Izinga lentengo: Itiye elisezingeni eliphakathi nokuphakeme phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina. Izinga elikhethekile (全单芽) — kusuka ku-980 yuan/jin (≈ 500 g) kuye phezulu. Izinga lokuqala — u-400–800 yuan/jin. Izesibili — u-150–350 yuan/jin. Intengo ibunjwa ukuphakama kokuvuna, isabelo somsebenzi wezandla, izinga lomkhiqizo, kanye nodumo lwebhizinisi elithile.
Ungayigwema kanjani imikhohliso:
- Thenga emabhizinisini agunyaziwe, anelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu lwe-geographical indication ‘Yàndàng Máo Fēng’ (kusukela ngo-2021, e-Yueqing kugunyazwe uhlu lwabakhiqizi abayi-11 abanamalayisense).
- Hlola ukubukeka: i-Yàndàng Máo Fēng yangempela inconywa ukumila okuntengantengayo, okugobiseke kancane noboya besiliva; imikhohliso ngokuvamile inkulu futhi inamandla.
- Hlola iphunga: itiye langempela linephunga ‘elizolile, elicashile’ (幽香), hhayi iphunga elibukhali, ‘elithosiwe’.
- Naka ukudonswa: kufanele kuhlanzekile, kube sobala, kube luhlaza okotshani othambile, ngaphandle kokudunga noma amathoni amnyama.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iwuphawu lomgunyathi: izindleko zangempela zokuvuna ngesandla kanye nomthamo omncane wokukhiqizwa awuvumeli ukudayiswa kwetiye langempela ngamanani aphansi.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

‘Itiye lezinkawu’ (猴茶, hóu chá): Encwadini ye-Qing ethi ‘Qīng Bài Lèi Chāo’ (《清稗类钞》) yombhali we-Qing u-Xu Ke (徐珂) kunenganekwane: izindela zaseNtabeni yaseYandang zazondla izinkawu ebusika ngezikhwama zelayisi, kanti entwasahlobo izinkawu zibonga ngokubaqoqela itiye emaweni angenakufinyeleleka. Leli tiye, elalikhula emifantwini yamatshe futhi ligcwele amaminerali, lalithathwa njengetiye elisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Inganekwane kaDragon Omdala: Inganekwane yesintu ithi isihlahla setiye eNtabeni iYandang saphiwa abantu udrako wasendulo, owayehlala ezimpophomeni zaseDalunqiu — yingakho ubuhlobo obukhethekile bokulima itiye kwendawo nezingxenye zasemanzini.
Amaphunga amathathu enkomishini eyodwa: Ukunambitha kwendabuko kwe-Yàndàng Máo Fēng kuthatha umthetho othi ‘yī yǐn jiā sān wén’ (一饮加三闻) — ‘ukugwinya okukodwa nokuhogela kathathu’: ukuhogela kokuqala — iphunga elinamandla, okwesibili — elihle nelihle, okwesithathu — umkhondo osazwakalayo. Ukuvuleka okuthathu kwembuleka njengalokho ‘okuqine’, ‘okuthambile’, nokuthi ‘kugcwele umoya wetiye’.
Indawo yentaba-mlilo: I-Yandang ingesinye sezifunda ezimbalwa emhlabeni lapho itshe elakha umhlabathi kuyi-tuff yentaba-mlilo ye-Mesozoic. Lesi sici sinikeza umunyu ubumnandi obuncane bamaminerali, izazi ezibuqhathanisa ‘nokusha kwetshe’ (岩骨, yán gǔ) lwamatiye aseWuyi, nakuba izindlela zokwakha ukunambitheka zehlukile.
Izingcuphe ezingama-32 000 ngekhilogramu elilodwana: Ukukhiqiza amagremu angama-500 ezinga elikhethekile kudinga ukuvunwa ngesandla nokucutshungulwa kwezingcuphe ezingaba ngu-32,000 ezingashadile — umsebenzi odinga ubunono nesivinini esikhethekile.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-green tea ohlobo lwe-‘Mao Feng’:

Isici	Yàndàng Máo Fēng (雁荡毛峰)	Huángshān Máo Fēng (黄山毛峰)	Éméi Máo Fēng (峨眉毛峰)	Jiǔhuá Máo Fēng (九华毛峰)
Isifundazwe	I-Zhejiang (i-Yueqing)	I-Anhui (i-Huangshan)	I-Sichuan (i-Emeishan)	I-Anhui (i-Jiuhuashan)
Ukumila kweqabunga	Okuncane, okugobiseke kancane (inaliti likaphayini)	‘Ulimi londlubhelane’ (雀舌), olusontekile kancane	Olusontekile kancane, oluqondile	Olugobiseke kancane, oluyisicaba
Iphunga eliyinhloko	I-orchid elicashile (幽香)	I-orchid, elinobumnandi obugqamile	I-floral-fruity	I-chestnut enezinothi eziyimbali
Isici sobuchwepheshe	I-Hōng Chǎo Jié Hé (烘炒结合) — inhlanganisela yokomisa nokugazinga	I-Hōng Qīng yakudala (烘青)	I-Hōng Qīng enezici ze-Chǎo Qīng	I-Hōng Qīng
Indawo yokutshala	Umhlabathi wentaba-mlilo, i-monsoon yasolwandle	Umhlabathi we-granite, indawo enamafu	Umhlabathi obomvu, inkungu ye-subtropical	Umhlabathi we-granite-gneiss
Isimo	I-geographical indication (2018)	‘Amatiye Ayishumi Adumile aseShayina’	Itiye lesifunda elidume kakhulu	Itiye lesifunda elidume kakhulu

Ekuphetheni

I-Yàndàng Máo Fēng iyitiye elinomlingiswa ongakwazi ukuphindwa kabusha ngaphandle kwendawo yalo yendabuko. Amadwala entaba-mlilo, inkungu yamakhulu eminyaka, ukusebenzisana kwetshe nezimpande — konke lokhu kwakha iphrofayili eyingqayizivele ‘yephunga lokuthula nokumnandi okumsulwa’, ewuphawu lweNtaba iYandang. Leli tiye lelabo abazisa hhayi ukugqama okumangalisayo, kodwa ukucasha okwehlelayo, okuyizendlalelo eziningi: ukugwinya kokuqala — ubusha bomfudlana wasezintabeni, okwesibili — ubumnene be-orchid, okwesithathu — ubumnandi obude obuhamba kancane, obuncibilika buthule. Umlando ongaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1600, izinganekwane zezindela, kanye nokufakwa phakathi kwemikhiqizo ene-geographical protection kwenza i-Yàndàng Máo Fēng ibe ngomunye wabameleli abaqavile kakhulu wesiko letiye laseZhejiang — othobekile ngaphandle, kodwa ojulile ngaphakathi.