Xuě Yá Lǜchá

Xuě Yá Lǜchá (雪芽绿茶, xuě yá lǜchá) yigama elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza enziwa ngamaqabunga okuqala amancane athambile (amatiphu), ambozwe kakhulu uboya obumhlophe-ngokusiliva obufana nesithwathwa noma iqhwa. Igama elithi “Ihlumela Leqhwa” (雪芽) linencazelo ekabili: okwangempela — amahlumela atshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuseneqhwa ezingadini zetiye ezisezintabeni (kuvela khona umfanekiso wobunkondlo othi «芽新抽雪茗» — «amahlumela amasha aphuma ngaphansi kweqhwa», imbongi-mfundisi yaseTang u-Jiǎ Dǎo, 贾岛), nencazelo engokomfanekiso — uboya obumhlophe obuchichimayo (白毫, báiháo) bumboza amatiphu njengeqhwa elisha. “Xuě Yá” akulona itiye elithile lendawo, kodwa yisigaba setiye “elisezingeni eliphakeme” (芽茶, yáchá) samatiye aluhlaza aphezulu, ahlanganisa amatiye adumile avela ezifundazweni ezahlukene. Abameleli abadume kakhulu: Éméi Xuě Yá (峨眉雪芽, eSichuan — intaba yamaBuddha i-Éméishān, ifa lomhlaba le-UNESCO), Qīngchéng Xuě Yá (青城雪芽, eSichuan — intaba yamaDao i-Qīngchéngshān, ifa lomhlaba le-UNESCO), Yángxiàn Xuě Yá (阳羡雪芽, eJiangsu — e-Yíxīng, itiye lobukhosi laseTang) no-Guìdìng Xuě Yá (贵定雪芽, eGuizhou). Ngalinye lawo likhombisa indawo namasiko esifunda sakwawo, kodwa wonke ahlanganiswa umgomo ofanayo: “ihlumela leqhwa” liyisithako esithambile kunawo wonke, esisanda ukuvunwa futhi “esinoboya” kunazo zonke izinto ezingakhishwa isihlahla setiye.

Isimo sesihloko: Lesi yisihloko esibukeziwe (esingumqondo) ngohlobo “lwehlumela leqhwa” (雪芽). Amatiye athile ezindawo achazwe ezihlokweni ezihlukene ze-encyclopedia: Éméi Xuě Yá, Qīngchéng Xuě Yá, Guìdìng Xuě Yá, Guǎngxī Xuě Yá njll.

1. Ukuhlelwa kanye Nencazelo:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba esingaphansi — “itiye lehlumela” (芽茶, yáchá): itiye elenziwe ikakhulukazi ngamahlumela awodwa (amatiphu) noma amahlumela aneqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvela. “Xuě Yá” ingenye yezigaba “zamahlumela” ezimbalwa kanye no-”Máo Jiān” (毛尖, “amaphuzu anoboya”), “Máo Fēng” (毛峰, “amaqolo anoboya”) no-”Què Shé” (雀舌, “ulimi lomdlwembe”). Isici esihlukanisayo sika-”Xuě Yá” — ukugxila ekubukekeni “njengeqhwa” (uboya obumhlophe obuchichimayo) kanye nomkhawulo wokuvunwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

• Izici ezichazayo: Amahlumela amancane, angakavuleki (amatiphu), ambozwe uboya obumhlophe-ngokusiliva (白毫). Isimo — esingokwemvelo noma eseluliwe kancane, ngaphandle kokusontelana okuqinile (ukuze kugcinwe uboya). Umbala — kusukela kokuluhlaza okhanyayo kuya kokuluhlaza-ngokusiliva “nokukhanya kweparele”. Ukunambitheka — kumnene ngendlela emangalisayo, kumnandi, futhi kunobuthi obuncane kakhulu. Iphunga — lithambile, linothile ngezimbali nobhushe.

• Igama negama elivela kulo: 雪 (xuě) — “iqhwa”; 芽 (yá) — “ihlumela”, “ihlumela”; 绿茶 (lǜchá) — “itiye eliluhlaza”. Incazelo ephelele: “Itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngamahlumela aqhweshile”. Igama libonisa kokubili isikhathi sokuvuna (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, iqhwa lisengazikhiphi ezintabeni), nokubukeka (uboya obumhlophe emahlumeleni njengeqhwa), nomuzwa emlonyeni (umsoco nokusha, “njengeqhwa lokuqala”).

• Ukusabalala ngokwezindawo: Ifomu le-”雪芽” alihlobene nendawo eyodwa kuphela — litholakala eSichuan (Éméishān, Qīngchéngshān), Jiangsu (Yíxīng), Guizhou (Guìdìng), Guangxi, Henan, Shandong nakwezinye izifundazwe. Lapho uthenga “Xuě Yá Lǜchá” ngaphandle kokucacisa isifunda, kufanele ngempela kuhlolisiswe ukuthi liva kuphi.

2. Abameleli abakhulu baka-”Xuě Yá” kanye nezici zabo:

• Éméi Xuě Yá (峨眉雪芽, Éméi Xuě Yá): ESichuan, entabeni i-Éméishān (峨眉山), 800–1500 m. “Xuě Yá” odume kakhulu futhi ophumelele ngokwezohwebo. Ukukhiqizwa endaweni eyisikhumbuzo sefa lomhlaba se-UNESCO; izinhlobo zezitshalo zasendle ezingama-5000+ zakha indawo ehlukile “yehlathi netiye okuhlala ndawonye” (林茶共生). Ngo-2010 wathola umklomelo wamazwe ngamazwe othi “Itiye Elinhle Lomhlaba” (世界佳茗大奖) — okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza laseChina elithola lesi sihloko. Kusekelwa ubunkondlo beTang: imbongi u-Jiǎ Dǎo walidumisa ngokuthi «芽新抽雪茗» (“amahlumela amasha aphuma etiyeni elingaphansi kweqhwa”); u-Lù Yóu (陆游) waliqhathanisa ne-Gùzhǔ Chūnsǔn elidumile: «雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春» — “Amahlumela eqhwa asanda kufika evela e-Éméi, awathobanga isiphetho saseGuzhu entwasahlobo esesikhwameni esibomvu”. Phakathi ne-Qing laba itiye lenkantolo yobukhosi (gongcha). Isici: “扁、平、滑、直、尖” — “isicaba, bushelelezi, siqondile, sibukhali”. Iphunga — “limsulwa futhi liwukumangaza” (清香馥郁); ukunambitheka — “kumnene futhi kuthambile” (清醇淡雅). Isiko lamaBuddha: izindela zase-Éméishān zikhiqiza itiye njengomkhuba we-”禅茶一味” (i-chán netiye kunambitheka okukodwa).

• Qīngchéng Xuě Yá (青城雪芽, Qīngchéng Xuě Yá): ESichuan, entabeni i-Qīngchéngshān (青城山), 1000–1200 m. Intaba yamaDao, “Ethulile Kakhulu Ngaphansi Kwezulu” (青城天下幽). Ifa lomhlaba le-UNESCO. Itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala, livunwa ngesikhathi se-Qīngmíng. Isimo — “秀丽微曲, 白毫显露” (“elibukekayo futhi eligobile kancane, elinoboya obumhlophe obuvelayo”). Iphunga — “高味爽” (“liphakeme futhi liyaqabula”). Ama-amino acid — 484,29 mg/100 g — esinye sezinkomba eziphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Uthwalo lwamasiko lamaDao: itiye njengethuluzi “le-yǎngshēng” (养生, “ukondla impilo”). Litholakala “Kuhlu Lukazwelonke Lwemikhiqizo Emisha Enezinga Eliphezulu Nevelele Yezolimo” (全国名特优新农产品目录).

• Yángxiàn Xuě Yá (阳羡雪芽, Yángxiàn Xuě Yá): EJiangsu, e-Yíxīng (宜兴, Yíxīng). Ukuqhubeka kwesiko letiye lakudala lase-Yixing — idolobha okwathi phakathi ne-Tang laba ngesinye sezikhungo ezimbili zokukhiqiza itiye lobukhosi (gongcha) (kanye ne-Chāngxīng). I-Gongcha yaseTang u-Yángxiàn Chá (阳羡茶) kukhulunywa ngayo ngu-Lù Yǔ. I-Yángxiàn Xuě Yá yanamuhla inguqulo evuselelwe. Isimo — “紧直匀细, 翠绿显毫” (“elixinene, eliqondile, elilinganayo, elincane, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi linoboya”). Iphunga — “清雅” (“limsulwa futhi libukeka kahle”). I-Yixing futhi iyindawo yobumba oludumile lwase-Yixing kanye namadela “ise-zǐshā” (紫砂壶); kodwa amahlumela athambile ka-”Xuě Yá” awangeniswa emadeleni anjalo, kungenjwa engilazini.

• Guìdìng Xuě Yá (贵定雪芽, Guìdìng Xuě Yá): EGuizhou, esifundeni sase-Guìdìng (贵定县). Itiye eliphakeme laseGuizhou elivela endaweni “yezintaba ezinamafu nenkungu”. Alaziwa kangako njengamanye aseSichuan, kodwa linobunjalo obugqamile “bezintaba”, obudalwa indawo ehlukile ye-karst yaseGuizhou.

• Guǎngxī Xuě Yá (广西雪芽, Guǎngxī Xuě Yá): Isifunda esizimele saseGuangxi Zhuang. “Xuě Yá” waseningizimu ovela endaweni eshisayo. Akabi “njengeqhwa” kakhulu ngokubukeka (isimo sezulu sifudumele), kodwa unoboya obuchichimayo kanye nokuthamba okujwayelekile “kwaseGuangxi”.

3. Kungani u-”Xuě Yá” evunwa ekhephu:

Isici esiyingqayizivele sika-”Xuě Yá” — ukuvunwa ezimeni lapho kuseneqhwa ezingadini zetiye ezisezintabeni. Akuwona umfanekiso nje: e-Éméishān (800–1500 m) nase-Qīngchéngshān (1000–1200 m) iqhwa limboza izingadi zetiye kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi. Amahlumela aqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari — ekuqaleni kukaMashi, lapho iqhwa lisanda kuqala ukuncibilika. Indlela yebhayoloji: ebusika isihlahla setiye siqongelela ama-amino acid (ikakhulukazi i-L-theanine) njengama-cryoprotectants — izinto ezivikela amangqamuzana ekuqhweni. Amahlumela okuqala asentwasahlobo aqukethe izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid kanye nelincane kakhulu lama-polyphenol (aqoqeka kamuva, ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa). Umphumela — ubumnandi obuyingqayizivele kanye nokuthamba kokunambitheka, ukungabi bikho nhlobo kokubaba. Yilokhu izimbongi zaseTang obekubiza ngokuthi «芽新抽雪茗» — “amahlumela azalwe eqhweni”.

E-Éméishān lesi sigameko sithatha uhlobo olukhethekile ngenxa ye-“华西雨屏” (Huáxī Yǔpíng, “Isiphephelo Semvula saseNtshonalanga China”) — isigameko esiyingqayizivele sesimo sezulu lapho inkungu (izinsuku ezingama-140+), ithwathwa leqhwa (izinsuku ezingama-130+) nesiphopho seqhwa (izinsuku ezingama-130+) zilandelana unyaka wonke, zinikeza izihlahla zetiye umswakama oqhubekayo nokukhanya okuhlakazekile.

4. Izici ezijwayelekile zobuchwepheshe buka-”Xuě Yá”:

Ngaphandle kwesifunda, ukukhiqizwa kuka-”Xuě Yá” kuhambisana nomgomo owodwa: ukugcinwa okukhulu kokuphelela kwamahlumela noboya obumhlophe (白毫). Lokhu kubeka imikhawulo esinyathelweni ngasinye:

• Ukuvuna: Ngokuzenzela kuphela, ekuqaleni kakhulu kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi noma ngokushesha emva kwe-Qīngmíng). Indinganiso — amahlumela awodwa noma ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa elisanda kunyuka. Ukuvuna ekuseni kakhulu, lapho amazolo esasomile. Amahlumela abekwe ezikotheni zoqalo ngaphandle kokuminyana — noma yikuphi ukucindezela kuwashaya uboya.

• Ukubuna: Ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngocwephe oluncane, ngaphandle kokuguquguqula — ukuze kungalimazeki uboya.

• Ukumiswa kokuluhlaza: Ngokushesha nangokucophelela — amahlumela athambile awakwazi “ukushiswa”. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kunamatiye aluhlaza anamaqabunga.

• Ukusontelana: Kuncane noma akukho — amahlumela agcina isimo sawo semvelo. Lapha kuvela umehluko obalulekile phakathi kuka-”Xuě Yá” no-”Máo Jiān” (lapho ukusontelana kugqamile) no-”Lóng Jǐng” (lapho iqabunga licindezelwa libe isicaba).

• Ukomisa: Ngokucophelela, ngezinga lokushisa elipholile, ngezigaba ezimbalwa. Inhloso — ukulungisa isimo nephunga, ngaphandle kokomisa ngokweqile.

5. Ukungenjwa kwamatiye esigaba se-”Xuě Yá”:

• Izinga lokushisa: 70–80 °C — liphansi kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza. Amahlumela athambile “ayashiswa” ekushiseni okungaphezu kuka-80 °C, bese inhluzo iba nokubaba.

• Isitsha: Ingilazi — ingakhetho elikahle: ivumela ukubuka “umdanso” wamahlumela, awela emanzini kancane, “elengiswa” ngokuqondile futhi avuleke kancane kancane. Lesi ngesinye sezinkambiso zetiye ezihle kakhulu. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa amadela ase-Yixing — ukungena kwawo “kuthatha” iphunga elithambile.

• Isilinganiso: 3–5 g ku-150–200 ml. Ngenxa yokuminyana okuphansi kwamahlumela, umthamo we-”Xuě Yá” ngesisindo esifanayo mkhulu kakhulu kunamatiye anamaqabunga.

• Isikhathi: Inhluzo yokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2. Ukungenjwa oku-3–5 ngokwenyuka kancane kwesikhathi.

6. Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lama-”Xuě Yá” ayinhloko:

• Éméi Xuě Yá: Sichuan, 800–1500 m | Intaba yamaBuddha | “Isicaba, bushelelezi, siqondile” | “Limsulwa futhi liwukumangaza” | Ifa lomhlaba le-UNESCO, “世界佳茗”
• Qīngchéng Xuě Yá: Sichuan, 1000–1200 m | Intaba yamaDao | “Elibukekayo futhi eligobile kancane” | “Liphakeme futhi liyaqabula” | Ama-amino acid 484 mg/100 g, ifa lomhlaba le-UNESCO
• Yángxiàn Xuě Yá: Jiangsu, 200–600 m | Indawo yogoko lwase-Yixing | “Liqondile, lilingana, lincane” | “Limsulwa futhi libukeka kahle” | I-Gongcha yaseTang, u-Lù Yǔ
• Guìdìng Xuě Yá: Guizhou, 800–1400 m | Izintaba ze-karst | Ama-ace, anoboya | “Intaba”, “amaminerali” | Indawo ephakeme yaseGuizhou
• Guǎngxī Xuě Yá: Guangxi, 400–800 m | Iningizimu eshisayo | Ama-ace, athambile | “Athambile”, “anezimbali” | “Xuě Yá” waseningizimu

7. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

• Ubunkondlo “Bamahlumela Eqhwa”: Imbongi-mfundisi yaseTang u-Jiǎ Dǎo (贾岛) enkondlweni ethi “Ukuhanjiswa kuka-Zhū Xiū ebuyela e-Jiāngnán” (《送朱休归剑南》) wabhala: «芽新抽雪茗» — “Amahlumela amasha aphuma etiyeni elingaphansi kweqhwa”. Lokhu okunye kokukhuluma kwakudala kakhulu kwezincwadi nge-”Xuě Yá” (i-9th century). U-Jiǎ Dǎo akakaze aye e-Éméishān, kodwa enhlokodolobha i-Cháng’ān wazama “Amahlumela Eqhwa” — ubufakazi bokuthi itiye lalaziwa kuwo wonke umbuso.

• “Alithobanga i-Gùzhǔ”: Imbongi yaseSong u-Lù Yóu (陆游) — inzalo “yengcwele yetiye” u-Lù Yǔ — ngemva kokunambitha i-Éméi Xuě Yá wamemeza: «雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春» — “Amahlumela eqhwa asanda kufika evela e-Éméi — awathobanga isiphetho saseGuzhu entwasahlobo esesikhwameni esibomvu”. I-Gùzhǔ Chūnsǔn (顾渚紫笋) — i-gongcha yaseTang edume kakhulu. Ukuyiqhathanisa nayo kungukuncoma okuphezulu.

• UbuBuddha + UbuDao = ama-”Xuě Yá” amabili: Ama-”Xuě Yá” amabili aseSichuan avela “ezintabeni ezingcwele” ezimbili: i-Éméishān — enye yezintaba ezine Ezinkulu zamaBuddha (intaba ye-Pǔxián enezinto ezine, 普贤), kanti i-Qīngchéngshān — indawo yokuzalwa kwe-Dao yaseChina (indawo lapho u-Zhāng Dàolíng, 张道陵, asungula khona isikole sika-Tiānshīdào, 天师道). Ngaleyo ndlela, u-”Xuě Yá” — uwukuphela kwesigaba setiye esimelwe kanyekanye “ezintabeni ezingcwele” zamaBuddha namaDao, zombili ziyizikhumbuzo ze-UNESCO.

• “Isiphephelo Semvula” sase-Éméishān: Isigameko se-“华西雨屏” (Huáxī Yǔpíng) — isigameko sesimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele lapho izingqimba zomswakama ezisuka ethafeni laseTibet zivinjelwa ukhahlamba bese “zihlala” emthambekeni osentshonalanga womfudlana waseSichuan. Umphumela — izinsuku ezingama-300+ zokuguqubala, inkungu nemvula ngonyaka. Ezihlahleni zetiye lezi yizimo ezikahle: umswakama oqhubekayo, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, ukungabi bikho kwelanga eliqondile.

• Kungani amahlumela enoboya: Uboya obumhlophe (白毫) emahlumeleni etiye — lawa ama-trichomes (izinweti), enza umsebenzi wokuzivikela: abukisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet futhi agcine umswakama phezulu. Lapho isihlahla sikhula phezulu, uboya buba buningi — lokhu ukuzivumelanisa namandla e-ultraviolet asezintabeni. Kungakho ama-”Xuě Yá” aphakeme (Éméi, Qīngchéng) “enjengeqhwa” kakhulu kunalawo asezindaweni eziphansi. Lapho kungenjwa, ama-trichome ayahlukana futhi enze “ukufiphala” okuncane kwenhluzo yokuqala — lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kuyinto efiselekayo.

Ekuphepheni:

“Ihlumela leqhwa” — ngesinye sezigaba ezinobunkondlo futhi ezithambile zetiye eliluhlaza laseChina. Igama lalo akusona isu lokumaketha, kodwa incazelo eqondile: amahlumela avunwa ngempela lapho izingadi zetiye ezisezintabeni zisamhlophe qhwa, kanti amatiphu ngokwawo ambozwe uboya obumhlophe, sengathi afafazwe isithwathwa. Ngemuva kwalobu buhle obubonakalayo — kunebhayoloji ekhemikhali enzulu: ukuqongelela kwama-amino acid ama-cryoprotectants ebusika kunikeza u-”Xuě Yá” lobo bumnandi obuyingqayizivele nokungabi bikho kokubaba, okuyinto engeke iphindwe kunoma yiliphi elinye itiye. Ama-”Xuě Yá” amabili amakhulu aseSichuan — avela e-Éméishān yamaBuddha nase-Qīngchéngshān yamaDao — akhombisa ukuthi “ihlumela leqhwa” akuyona nje into yetiye, kodwa umkhuba wokuzindla, indawo enhlangana kuyo izinkambiso ezimbili ezinkulu zokomoya zaseChina, ezifakwa emgqonyeni ofudumele, omnandi, “oqhweshile” wamanzi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

“Amahlumela eqhwa” avela emathini e-alchemy yasendulo yaseChina: imibhalo yamaDao ikhuluma nge-«雪芽仙茶» (xuě yá xiān chá, “itiye elingenakufa lamahlumela eqhwa”) njengesithako se-elixirs yokuphila okude. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi amahlumela aphuma eqhweni, aqukethe “umoya wasentwasahlobo” ogcwele (春气, chūn qì), okwazi ukuvuselela umzimba.

Isigameko “seqhwa letiye”: lapho kungenjwa i-”Xuě Yá” esezingeni esitsheni sengilazi, ungakwazi ukubuka “i-雪花飘舞” (xuěhuā piāowǔ) — izinweti ezimhlophe zihlukana namahlumela futhi ziphephetha emanzini njengamahlajana eqhwa. Lesi sigameko sigqama kakhulu e-Éméi Xuě Yá futhi sithathwa njengesibonakaliso sobuqiniso.

Irekhodi lokuphakama: u-”Xuě Yá” ophakeme kakhulu uvunwa e-Éméishān ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1500 — lokhu umkhawulo wokutshalwa kwetiye kwezimboni eSichuan. Phezulu kukhula izihlahla zetiye zasendle kuphela, amahlumela azo aqoqwa izindela ukuze zisetshenziswe ethempelini — itiye elinje alithengiswa.

Indida yezincwadi: naphezu kokukhuluma kwe-Tang “ngamahlumela eqhwa”, igama ngokwalo elithi “雪芽” njengesigaba setiye lasungulwa kuphela ngezikhathi ze-Ming (1368-1644). Ngaphambi kwalokho kwakusetshenziswa izisho ezichazayo: “雪茗” (xuě míng, “itiye leqhwa”), “玉芽” (yù yá, “amahlumela e-jade”), “银针” (yín zhēn, “izinaliti zesiliva”).

Isayensi yesimanje: ngo-2019 ucwaningo lwaseNyuvesi Yezolimo YaseSichuan lwabonisa ukuthi amahlumela e-”Xuě Yá”, avunwa ngokushesha ngemva kweqhwa, aqukethe ama-amino acid angaphezulu ngo-23% kunalawo avunwe ngemva kwesonto. Lokhu kuqinisekisa umkhuba wendabuko we-”追雪采茶” (zhuī xuě cǎi chá, “ukujaha iqhwa lapho kuvunwa itiye”).

11. Inani kanye Nemikhuba Yokukhohlisa:

Inani le-”Xuě Yá” langempela linqunywa izici ezintathu: isifunda esivela kuso, isikhathi sokuvuna kanye nendlela yezithako. I-Éméi Xuě Yá yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu (明前特级, míngqián tèjí) — 3000-8000 yuan/kg; izinga lokuqala — 1500-3000 yuan/kg. I-Qīngchéng Xuě Yá iyafana ngenani. Ama-Yángxiàn no-Guìdìng ashibhile — 800-2000 yuan/kg ezingeni eliphakeme. Amanani ezitolo aphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-3 kunamanani aphezulu akhishwa izikhulu.

Izinhlobo eziphambili zemikhuba yokukhohlisa: 1) Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zasehlobo ezifakwe uboya bokwenziwa — amahlumela aphathwa nge-talc noma isitashi ukuze kufanekiswe uboya obumhlophe; 2) Ukufaka esikhundleni isifunda — ama-”Xuě Yá” ashibhile avela eHenan noma eShandong athengiswa njenge-Éméi; 3) Ukulingisa ngomshini — amahlumela akhiwa ngezicucu zamaqabunga; 4) “Ukuguga” — itiye langonyaka odlule lenziwe sengathi elisha.

Ukwahlukanisa okuyiqiniso: uboya bangempela (白毫) abaweli ngokuvele nje noma ngokuswibiza futhi abuncibiliki emanzini — buyantanta phezulu; amahlumela kufanele aphelele, alingane ngosayizi (0,8-1,5 cm); iphunga letiye elomile — limsulwa, alinabungozi; lapho kungenjwa amahlumela ehla kancane futhi ame ngokuqondile; umbala wenhluzo — uluhlaza ophuzi ngokukhanyela, awuphapheme.

Izincomo: thenga kuphela kubathengisi abathembekile abanezitifiketi zokuzalwa; cela ukunambitha ngaphambi kokuthenga; bheka ukupakishwa — i-”Xuě Yá” esezingeni ifakwa ngokwesikhala esivalekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Qaphela amanani aphansi kakhulu — izindleko zokukhiqiza i-”Xuě Yá” yangempela ziphezulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wezandla kanye nokuphuma okuncane kwezithako (5-6 kg wamahlumela amasha akhiqiza 1 kg womile wetiye).

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-”Xuě Yá” ingelinye lamatiye abuthaka kakhulu mayelana nokugcinwa. Umgomo othi “五防” (wǔ fáng, “izindlela ezinhlanu zokuvikela”): ekomile (防潮), ekukhanyeni (防光), ephunga (防异味), enhlanzini (防氧化) nasekushiseni (防高温). Izimo ezikahle: izinga lokushisa 0-5°C, umswakama <50%, ubumnyama obuphelele, ukupakishwa okufakwe uphawu oluvalekile.

Indlela yendabuko: ukupakishwa okuphindwe kabili — isikhwama sangaphakathi esenziwe nge-aluminium foil yokudla kanye nesikhwama sangaphandle esenziwe ngephepha eliminyene noma itini likathayela. Gcina efrijini emkhakheni ohlukile (hhayi nokudla.). Ngaphambi kokuvula, yenza isikhwama sihlale ekushiseni kwegumbi amahora angu-2-3 — ugweme umswakama.

Izikhathi: ukusetshenziswa okufanele — phakathi nonyaka wokukhiqizwa. Ngokugcinwa okufanele, kugcina izinga kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-18. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ulahlekelwa ubusha nobuqhweshi bephunga lakhe, nakuba usadliwa. I-”Xuě Yá” ayihloselwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside — itiye lesikhashana, “ukunambitheka kwentwasahlobo esitsheni”.

Izimpawu zokonakala: ukufiphala kombala (kusuka kuluhlaza-ngokusiliva kuya kokuphuzi-ngokunsundu), ukunyamalala koboya obumhlophe, iphunga elinobungozi, ukunambitheka okubabayo ngisho noma kungenjwe ngendlela efanele. Lapho uthenga, bheka usuku lokukhiqizwa — itiye langonyaka wamanje lihlala likhethwa kakhulu.

9. Ukungenjwa:

Ukungenjwa kwe-”Xuě Yá” kuwubuciko bokugcina ubumnene. Umgomo obalulekile: “宁淡勿浓” (nìng dàn wù nóng) — “kungcono kube mncane kunokuba kuqine”. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele — 75-80°C (kwe-Éméi Xuě Yá kungaba 70-75°C). Ukunquma ngaphandle kwetherometer: amanzi kufanele akhiphe umsindo we-”蟹眼” (xiè yǎn, “amehlo enkalankala”) — amabhamuza amancane ezansi, kodwa hhayi i-”鱼眼” (yú yǎn, “amehlo ezinhlanzi”) — ukugubuzela okukhulu.

Indlela “上投法” (shàng tóu fǎ, “ukufaka phezulu”): okokuqala uthela amanzi ashisayo ku-2/3 yengilazi, bese wehlisa amahlumela etiye ngobumnene phezulu. Amahlumela amunca amanzi kancane futhi ehla ngokuqondile — isigameko esithi “雪芽立水” (xuě yá lì shuǐ, “amahlumela eqhwa ami emanzini”). Lokhu akukuhle nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyasebenza: ukumanzeka kancane kuvimbela “ukwethuka” kwamahlumela athambile.

Izilinganiso: 3 g ku-150 ml kokuzijwayeza okokuqala, 4-5 g ukunambitheka okugcwele. Isikhathi sokungenjwa: inhluzo yokuqala — amasekhondi angama-90, elesibili — amasekhondi angama-60, elesithathu — amasekhondi angama-90, bese kwenyuka ngamasekhondi angama-30. I-”Xuě Yá” esezingeni imelana nokungenjwa oku-4-6. Okubalulekile: ungalibambi isikhathi — kuzovela ubumuncu, obuzokonakalisa umbono wetiye.

Isitsha: ingilazi ecwebile (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) enobude obuyi-10-15 cm — indinganiso. I-porcelain gaiwan iyamukeleka, kodwa incisha ubumnandi bobuhle. Amadela obumba awanconywa ngokuphelele — ubumba olungenayo “luyakudla” iphunga elithambile.

8. Izinto Ezinempilo:

Amatiye esigaba se-”Xuě Yá” anezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto ezinempilo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamahlumela entwasahlobo okuqala kuphela. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kubonisa: ama-amino acid — afinyelela ku-484,29 mg/100g (Qīngchéng Xuě Yá), okuyisikhathi esiphindwe ka-2-3 kunamatiye aluhlaza amaningi; ama-polyphenol — 15-20% (izinga elimaphakathi linikeza ukuthamba kokunambitheka); i-caffeine — 2,5-3,5% (omphumela wokuhlaziya ngaphandle kokuvuselela ngokweqile); i-vitamini C — ifinyelela ku-250 mg/100g. Isilinganiso esiyingqayizivele sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenol (1:3-4 kunokujwayelekile 1:6-8) sinquma ubumnandi obujwayelekile nokungabi bikho kobuthi.

Imithi yendabuko yaseChina ibheka u-”Xuě Yá” njengengxenye ye-”清热解毒” (qīngrè jiědú) — “okuhlanza ukushisa nokukhipha ubuthi”. Amahlumela entwasahlobo yakuqala abhekwa njengoba “emsulwa” kakhulu (清, qīng) futhi ekwazi “ukukhanyisa” (明, míng) umzimba. Isiko lamaDao lase-Qīngchéngshān lisebenzisa u-”Xuě Yá” wendawo emikhubeni ye-”养生” (yǎngshēng, “ukondla impilo”): itiye liphuzwa ngezingxenye ezincane phakathi nosuku ukugcina “清静” (qīngjìng, “umsulwa nokuthula”) kwengqondo. Izindela zamaBuddha zase-Éméishān zifaka u-”Xuě Yá” ekuzindleni kwasekuseni njengendlela yokuthola “定” (dìng, samadhi).

Ucwaningo lwesimanje luyaqinisekisa: izinga eliphakeme le-L-theanine (kufika ku-2,5%) lenza umzimba uphumule ngaphandle kokozela, kuthuthukisa ukugxila; ama-catechins e-EGCG anomphumela we-antioxidant; ukuphuza njalo kwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol futhi kusekele ukunwebeka kwemithambo. Isici esikhethekile sika-”Xuě Yá” — umthwalo omncane esiswini ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lama-tannins, okuvumela ukuphuza itiye esiswini esingenalutho.