Xīshān Chá

I-Xīshān Chá (西山茶, Xīshān chá) liyitiyeni elidume kakhulu laseGuangxi, elizalelwe entabeni engcwele yamaBuddha i-Xīshān (西山, “Intaba yaseNtshonalanga”), lapho amathempeli, umthombo welaphesele u-Rǔquán (乳泉, “Umthombo Wobisi”) kanye nezihlahla zetiye eziyiminyaka eyinkulungwane zakha okungenakuhlukaniswa. Itiye lalitshalwe izindela zaseTang, ngesikhathi se-Qing lalikleliswe phakathi “kwamatheyi amakhulu angama-24 ombuso” (全国二十四名茶) futhi lalilethwa enkantolo njengegòngchá (贡茶). Ngawo-1950, izindela zesifazane u-Kuānnéng no-Chánghuì bathumela itiye kuMao Zedong kathathu, bamthola ephendula ethi: “Itiye elihle, aliphansi kuno-Lóngjǐng” (好茶，可与龙井媲美). Ngo-2021, i-Xīshān Chá yangena ohlwini lokuhlonishwa okuphindwe kabili kwezimpawu zendawo ze-China–EU — ukuphela kwetiye elivela eSigodini sase-Guìgǎng esinesimo esinjalo. Isenzakalo esiyingqayizivele “sezine izinkathi zonyaka — namaphunga amane” (四季四香): itiye lasentwasahlobo — qīngxiāng (清香, ukuhlaza okumsulwa), lasehlobo — líxiāng (梨香, iphunga lepheya), lasekwindla — chúnxiāng (醇香, lijulile/elikhilimu), lasebusika — héxiāng (荷香/莲香, iphunga lelotus).

1. Ukuhlukanisa Nendabuko:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingabilisiwe, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ukugxilisa ukuhlaza — ukugazinga ebhodweni lensimbi (铁锅, tiěguō) ku-180 °C, indlela “yokunyakazisa + ukufudumeza” (抖闷结合, dǒu mèn jiéhé). Isimo — imicu esontiwe (条索形, tiáosuǒ xíng).

• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo oqokwe ngophawu lwendawo (国家地理标志保护产品, kusuka ngo-2010); ufakwe kwirejista yokuhloniphana kwe-GI ye-China-EU (中欧地理标志互认名录, 2021). Ifa elingaphatheki le-Guìgǎng City (2019). Iphindwe kabili “Itiye Elidumile Kuzwelonke” (全国名茶, 1986, 1990). Elinye lamathiyi angama-21 omlando aziwayo e-China nelinye “lamatheyi amakhulu angama-24” ombuso we-Qing.

• Indabuko: I-China; i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī); i-Guìpíng Shì (桂平市, Guìpíng Shì) eyisifunda esiphakathi kwe-Guìgǎng Shì (贵港市, Guìgǎng Shì). Indawo evikelwe iphelele ye-Guìpíng (amadolobha angama-26 nezabelo, 4074 km²). Indawo esemqoka yekhwalithi: intaba i-Xīshān (西山, igama lasendulo 思灵山, Sīlíng Shān), indawo ye-Qípán Shí (棋盘石, “Itshe le-Chessboard”), i-Rǔquán Jǐng (乳泉井, “Umthombo Wobisi”) ne-Xǐshí Ān nunnery (洗石庵) — ekuphakameni okufika ku-700 m, endaweni yehlathi lasendulo.

• Izakhi zokuma kwendawo: ~23°10′–24°10′ N, 109°30′–110°30′ E (indawo yase-Guìpíng).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando: I-Xīshān Chá ingelinye lamathiyi aseGuangxi abhalwe phansi kusukela kudala. Ngokwe-“Guìpíng Xiànzhì” (《桂平县志》), “itiye lase-Xīshān likhula e-Qípán Shí, e-Rǔquán Jǐng nangaphansi kwe-Gǔānyīn Yán — izihlahla eziphansi, izimpande zimunca amanzi amatshe, amaqabunga akhanyiswa ilanga lakuseni, ngalokho ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kugcwele, iphunga liyachitha” (西山茶，出西山棋盘石、乳泉井、观音岩下，矮株散植，根吸石髓，叶映朝暾，故味甘腴，而气芬芳). Ukuqala kokutshalwa kukhonjiswe esikhathini se-Tang (VII–IX eminyaka), lapho indela ephakeme u-Lǐ Míngyuǎn (李明远) aletha izimbewu zetiye zase-Jiāngnán wale yazitshala e-Qípán Shí — indawo eyinganekwane lapho kuthiwa abangafi babedlala i-chess futhi bephuza itiye lasezulwini, kuthi umthembisi wezinkuni owadlula eduze achithe usuku olulodwa nabo, wabe esebuyela emhlabeni emva kweminyaka eyikhulu.

Ngesikhathi se-Ming itiye laduma kulo lonke iningizimu ye-China — e-Guangdong, e-Hunan, e-Fujian. Nge-Qing i-Xīshān Chá yafakwa ohlwini “lamatheyi amakhulu angama-24 ombuso” futhi yaba yi-gòngchá (贡茶). I-“Xúnzhōu Fǔzhì” (《浔州府志》) yangesikhathi sika-Guāngxù iqophe: “Itiye lase-Xīshān — umbala umsulwa futhi uluhlaza, iphunga liyachitha, alisileli ku-Lóngjǐng” (西山茶，色清而味芬芳，不减龙井).

Ekhulwini lama-20 itiye lehla kodwa lavuselelwa ngemizamo yezindela zesifazane zamaBuddha. Ngo-1949 indela yesifazane u-Shì Kuānnéng (释宽能), eyayimenywe umbuyisikazi wamaBuddha odumile u-Shì Jùzàn (释巨赞), yafika e-Xīshān futhi kanye nendela yesifazane u-Shì Chānghuì (释昌慧) bavuselela izingadi zetiye e-Qípán Shí nase-Xǐshí Ān. Ngawo-1950 bathumela itiye likhethekile ku-Máo Zédōng kathathu, kwathi uMongameli waphendula: “Itiye elihle, angelulelwa u-Lóngjǐng” (好茶，可与龙井媲美), ekhuza ukwandiswa komkhiqizo.

Ukuhlonishwa kwamazwe omhlaba: 1986, 1990 — “Itiye Elidumile Kuzwelonke” (i-Ministry of Commerce); 2010 — uphawu lwendawo lwe-China; 2021 — ukufakwa kwirejista yokuhloniphana kwe-GI ye-China-EU (itiye lokuqala nelilodwa lase-Guìgǎng kulolu hlu). Ngo-2023 indawo yezingadi zetiye — 20 500 mu (≈1367 ha), umkhiqizo wonyaka — 1069 amathani.

• Igama: 西山 (Xīshān) — “Intaba yaseNtshonalanga” — intaba yamaBuddha edumile e-Guìpíng, enye yezindawo ezine “Ezinkulu Zasenningizimu zamaBuddha” (南方四大佛教名山). Igama lasendulo — Sīlíng Shān (思灵山, “Intaba yoMoya Wokucabanga”); 茶 (Chá) — “itiye”. Amagama angomuso: Qípán Chá (棋盘茶, “Itiye le-Chessboard”) ne-Qípán Xiānmíng (棋盘仙茗, “Itiye Labangafi lase-Chessboard”) — ngokwenganekwane yabangafi.

• Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Xīshān Chá ingelinye lamathiyi ambalwa ase-China ahlanganiswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namasiko amaBuddha. Isiko “禅茶一味” (chán chá yī wèi, “I-Chán netiye — okunambitheka okukodwa”) lihlala lapha kusukela nge-Tang: izindela bezigcina nje ukutshala nokucubungula itiye, kodwa bezisebenzisa njengethuluzi lokuzindla. Umthombo u-Rǔquán — ubuhle obudumile bemvelo baseGuangxi: amanzi awo, amhlophe njengobisi, abhekwa njengefanele ukuphekela i-Xīshān Chá. Isisho sendawo sithi: “Intaba inhle ngobuhle bendawo, itiye lihle ngokunambitheka” (山有好景，茶有佳味). Ngawo-1950 itiye lathunyelwa njengesipho enkosini yase-Morocco — esinye sezibonelo zakuqala “ze-diplomacy yetiye” ye-China.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo / icultivar: I-Group cultivar yase-Guìpíng Xīshān (桂平西山茶群体种, Guìpíng Xīshān Chá Qúntǐzhǒng) — uhlobo lwendawo lwamacembe amancane anesihlahla Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Amaqabunga ayi-elliptic, aluhlaza okumnyama, anoboya obuningi. Isisindo samagatsha ayi-100 “imbande + amaqabunga ama-3” — ~46 g. Iprofayili yamakhemikhali: ama-amino acid ≥3.2%, i-polyphenols ≥27.5% (izinto ezingavuthiwe zasentwasahlobo). Izingxube ezikhipheka emanzini ~50% — inani eliphezulu ngokweqile.

• Ukuvuna: Cishe unyaka wonke — kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya kuNovemba, amaqoqo angama-20–30 ngenkathi yonyaka. Izinkathi ezine zonyaka zinikeza amaphrofayili amane ephunga elihlukile: intwasahlobo — qīngxiāng (清香, ukuhlaza okumsulwa), ihlobo — líxiāng (梨香, ipheya), ikwindla — chúnxiāng (醇香, elijulile/elikhilimu), ubusika — héxiāng (荷香/莲香, ilotus).

• Izinga lokukha: Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu — imibande eyodwa noma imbunde eneqabunga elilodwa elivuleke kancane. Ubude — ≤4 cm. Kudingeka ukufana ngosayizi, ubude nombala.

• Izidingo zempahla engavuthiwe: Amagatsha athambile, aphelele, amasha. Ukukha ngesandla — kuphela ngezandla, ngaphandle kwezikere. Ukuthuthwa ngobumnene ezitsheni zoqalo ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukuminyanisa.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

I-Guìpíng iseningizimu ye-Guangxi, osebeni lomfula i-Xúnjiāng (浔江), oyingxenye yoMfula i-Xījiāng omkhulu (西江). Intaba i-Xīshān — ingxube eyodwa yezintaba phakathi kwamathafa, edala isimo sezulu sayo esincane.

• Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: Kufinyelela ku-700 m (indawo esemqoka — i-Qípán Shí, i-Rǔquán Jǐng, i-Guānyīn Yán). Amasimu amakhulu — 200–700 m.

• Isimo sezulu: Isifunda esishisayo esiseningizimu. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile 21.4 °C; imvula 1700–2400 mm/ngonyaka (esinye sezindawo ezina mvula enkulu yetiye e-China); izinsuku ezininkungu >200/ngonyaka; isikhathi esingenasithwathwa izinsuku ezingama-354. Okukhethekile — “夏不热而秋热，冬不寒而春寒” (“ihlobo alishisi, kodwa ikwindla liyashisa; ubusika abubandi, kodwa intwasahlobo iyabanda”) — isimo sezinga lokushisa esigunjiwe, esivuselela ukubuthelwa kwezingxube zephunga ngendlela engavamile.

• Umhlabathi: I-luminous arenaceous yellow-red loam (黄红砂壤), eyakhiwe ukuguguleka kwe-granite. i-pH 4.5–6.5, izinto eziphilayo 2–3%. Ukudonsa amanzi okuhle, ukuchuma amaminerali kusuka kwi-granite. Indawo esemqoka — indawo evikelwe amanzi (水源保护区), lapho kwenqatshelwe khona imanyolo yamakhemikhali nemichiza yokubulala izinambuzane.

• I-ecology: Izingadi eziyisisekelo zitshalwe phakathi kwehlathi lasendulo emithambekeni ye-Xīshān, eduze nomthombo i-Rǔquán. Umswakama ophezulu, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile (>70% kwe-flux yokukhanya) kanye nenkungu eqhubekayo kudala izimo ezifanele zokuqalisa ama-amino acid nezingxube zephunga. Amanzi okuchelela — asuka e-Rǔquán Jǐng, afakwe i-calcium ne-magnesium. Intaba i-Xīshān — ingenye yezindawo ezingcwele zamaBuddha ezibaluleke kakhulu eningizimu ye-China, okuqinisekisa ukulawulwa okuqinile kwemvelo: indawo iyindawo kazwelonke evikelwe nemikhawulo emisebenzini yezomnotho. Lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso semvelo sokuhlanzeka kwendawo ekhula kuyo, ngaphezu kwezindinganiso ze-GI.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Xīshān Chá ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko, obufakwe kwirejista yefa elingaphatheki le-Guìgǎng (2019). Izici ezibalulekile — indlela “yokugazinga kabili nokusonta kabili” (二炒二揉, èr chǎo èr róu), ukusetshenziswa kuphela kwezinto eziwumgwaqo nokhuni, nokugcina “ukusonta okulula ukwembula uboya” (轻揉显毫).

• Ukukha (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ngesandla, izinga “imbunde + iqabunga elilodwa noma amabili”, ≤4 cm.

• Ukubuna (摊青 — tān qīng): Amahora ama-4–6 ezitsheni zoqalo.

• Ukugazinga kokuqala / ukugxilisa ukuhlaza (杀青 — shāqīng): Ebhodweni lensimbi ku-180 °C, ngendlela “yokunyakazisa + ukufudumeza” (抖闷结合) — ukushintshanisa ukuphonsa amaqabunga emoyeni naku ukucindezela endaweni eshisayo. Inhlanganisela yezindlela “phakamisa, jikijela, nyakazisa, lahla” (扬、抛、抖、甩).

• Ukusonta kokuqala (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukusonta okulula ngesandla — ukwakheka kwesakhiwo semicu.

• Ukugazinga kwesibili (初炒 — chū chǎo): Ukugxilisa isimo.

• Ukomisa emagridini woqalo (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Ku-80 °C ezintanjeni zokugazinga ezingamabhasikidi woqalo bendabuko (竹焙笼, zhú bèi lóng).

• Ukugazinga kokugcina / ukwembula iphunga (复炒 — fù chǎo): Ukugazinga kokugcina “okuqedela” ukwakha iphunga le-chestnut kanye nembali nezithelo. Ukuqukethwe umswakama ≤5%.

• Qaphela: Lonke uhlelo lwenziwa ngaphandle kwamathuluzi ensimbi (ngaphandle kwebhodwe lensimbi lokugxilisa) — izinsiza zoqalo nokhuni zikhipha ukuxhumana nezinsimbi ezi-oxidising. Le migomo ihambelana ne-“Three NOs” (三不原则) ye-Xinyì Hé Luō Lǜ Chá: womabili amasiko afinyelela ngokuzimela esiphethweni esifanayo — ukuxhumana kwetiye nensimbi kuhlambalaza ikhwalithi ye-polyphenols.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Imicu emincane, eqinile, egotshwe kancane (紧细微曲), emnyama-luhlaza noboya obusiliva (黛绿显毫). “Isipokapaka sikadrago” (龙卷状, lóng juǎn zhuàng) — isimo esijwayelekile esinamaphuzu acijile. Izingosi eziyisiliva zimboza phezulu.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lixhomeke enkathini yonyaka. Intwasahlobo — ukuhlaza okumsulwa (清香); ihlobo — ipheya (梨香); ikwindla — ijulile elikhilimu (醇香); ubusika — ilotus (莲香/荷香). Elimile futhi elinezingqimba eziningi.

• Iphunga le-infusion: Imbali nezithelo (花果香) — isici esiyingqayizivele “sezinkathi ezine”, esingajwayelekile kumathiyi amaningi aluhlaza. Ngokuphola kuvela isizinda se-chestnut.

• Ukunambitheka: Kuhlanzekile futhi kuhambelana (醇和, chún hé), nokusha okuphawulekayo (鲜爽) nokuncinza okuphindelela isikhathi eside (回甘持久). Kugcwele emzimbeni, kodwa ngaphandle kokubaba okuxhwalekile. Ukumelana — ukuphisa okungama-3–6.

• Umbala we-infusion: Uluhlaza kusamayise, kucwazimula futhi kukhanya (碧绿清澈).

• Isiza setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Luhlaza okotjani, kulingene, kusha futhi kuyaphila (嫩绿匀整鲜活).

7. Ukuhlelwa Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Polyphenols (茶多酚): ≥27.5%; ngokwamanye amaqiniso, kufika ku-35.6% emaqoqweni asemqoka. Ukulingana okuhle nama-amino acid, kuqinisekisa ubumnene ngaphandle kokubaba okweqile. Izinga eliphezulu le-EGCG.

• Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸): ≥3.2% (itiye lasentwasahlobo). I-L-theanine iyabusa.

• Izingxube ezikhipheka emanzini (水浸出物): ~50% — elinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamathiyi aluhlaza, okufakazela ukuchuma okuyingqayizivele kanye “nokuqina” kwe-infusion.

• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): ≥3.9% — ngaphezu kwesilinganiso, kuqinisekisa umphumela ophawulekayo wokuvuselela.

• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini eqembu B, i-vitamin E. Ama-flavonoid.

• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride; izinsalela ze-calcium ne-magnesium ezivela emhlabathini we-granite nasemanzini amaminerali ase-Rǔquán.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenols (≥27.5%) + ama-flavonoid + i-vitamin C — ukuvikelwa okuphelele ekuhlukumezeni okwenziwa i-oxidative.

• Umphumela wokuvuselela: I-caffeine (≥3.9%) ngokuhlangana nge-theanine — ukuhlaziya okumnene, okuqhubekayo.

• Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin asiza ekulawuleni i-cholesterol nokuguquguquka kwemithambo.

• Impilo yesikhumba: Ama-flavonoid ne-vitamin C ngokuhlanganyela avimbela ukushisa nokunciphisa umonakalo osuka emisebeni ye-UV — okusebenza ngokukhethekile ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Guangxi ezinomsakazo welanga osindayo.

• Imisebenzi yengqondo: I-L-theanine ivuselela ukusebenza kwe-alpha wave embonweni.

• Kubalulekile: Lezi zinzuzo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe emininingwaneni ejwayelekile futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukuphuza esiswini esingenalutho. Itiye elisha likhululeke izinsuku ezi-7 “ukukhipha umlilo”. Ngemva kokuvulwa — liphuzwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-10.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Okuhle — amanzi amaminerali, asondelene no-Rǔquán (athambile, awe-alkaline ngobuncane). Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi abilayo (>85 °C kubulala izinto ezisebenzayo futhi kubangela ukubaba).

• Inani letiye: amagremu ama-3 ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).

• Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi — ukubuka “amagatsha asukuma” (芽叶竖立); i-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba.

• Inqubo (ingilazi yengilazi):

  1. Shisisa ingilazi, chitha amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye, geza ngamanzi ku-80–85 °C.
  3. Ukumnika kokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2. Bukela ukuvuleka “kwamagatsha asukuma”.

• Inqubo (i-gaiwan): Ukuhlanza imizuzwana emi-5 → ukuphisa kokuqala imizuzwana engama-20 → okulandelayo ngakunye + imizuzwana eyi-10. Ukuphisa okungama-3–6.

10. Ukugcina:

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (iqandisi).
• Isitsha: Esivalekile, ngaphandle kwephunga elingafanele.
• Ukukhanya: Ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele.
• Isikhathi: Kunconywa ukuphuza ezinyangeni ezi-6 zokuqala ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okukhulu kwephunga “lezinkathi ezine”. Itiye elisha — likhululeke izinsuku ezi-7 “醒茶” (ukuvusa itiye) ukukhipha “umlilo”. Amaqoqo asebusika (iphunga lelotus) agcinwa isikhathi eside kunawentwasahlobo ngenxa yomswakama ophansi.

11. Inani Nemikhonyovu:

I-Xīshān Chá — itiye lesegimenti eyejwayelekile kuya phezulu. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu — kusuka ku-500 yuan/jin; elokuqala — 200–400 yuan/jin; elesibili — ngaphansi kuka-200 yuan/jin.

• Uzoyigwema kanjani imikhonyovu:

  • Hlola uphawu lwendawo “西山茶”.
  • Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo — “imicu emnyama-luhlaza enamaphuzu asiliva” (黛绿银尖). Ukungabi bikho koboya — umgunyazo.
  • Iphunga — elimbali nezithelo, elimile. Iphunga “le-utshani” noma “elothosiwe” — akulona i-Xīshān Chá.
  • Liphekwe emanzini ase-Rǔquán (noma emanzini amaminerali athambile), itiye lembula ubumnandi obungafaniswa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• “Akephuli ku-Lóngjǐng”: Le nkulumo yabizwa kabili — iphephandaba lase-Qing (i-XIX leminyaka) no-Máo Zédōng (ngawo-1950). Amakhulu amabili eminyaka phakathi kwabo, kepha ukuhlola kuyefana: i-Xīshān Chá — isezingeni letiye elihle kakhulu lase-China.

• Izinkathi ezine — amaphunga amane: Isici esiyingqayizivele: intwasahlobo — qīngxiāng (ukuhlaza okumsulwa), ihlobo — ipheya, ikwindla — ijulile elikhilimu, ubusika — ilotus. Lokhu kuwumphumela wesimo sezinga lokushisa esigunjiwe esingavamile se-Xīshān.

• Inganekwane ye-Qípán Shí: Ngokwesiko, umthembisi wezinkuni wahlangana nabangafi ababili entabeni bedlala i-chess, wezwa itiye labo, wachitha usuku olulodwa nabo — kwathi lapho ebuya, wathola ukuthi kwase kudlule iminyaka eyikhulu. Endaweni yembazo yakhe ekhohliwe kwakhula izihlahla zetiye. Kungakho igama lesibili letiye — “Itiye le-Chessboard” (棋盘茶).

• Umthombo Wobisi: I-Rǔquán (乳泉) — umthombo onamanzi amhlophe, “anjengobisi”, ontshontsha emadwaleni e-granite e-Xīshān. Kukholelwa ukuthi amanzi afanele okuphekela i-Xīshān Chá; ngokuhlelwa kwamaminerali — asondelene nemithombo engcono kakhulu yezintaba yase-Europe.

• Itiye njengesipho sobuzakuzaku: Ngawo-1950 i-Xīshān Chá yanikezwa inkosi yase-Morocco — esinye sezigameko zakuqala “ze-diplomacy yetiye” ye-China. Ngo-2021 ukufakwa kwirejista ye-China-EU kwavula imakethe yaseYurophu.

• Izindela zesifazane ezingabalimi betiye: Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Xīshān Chá kuwumphumela wezindela zesifazane ezimbili zamaBuddha: u-Kuānnéng no-Chánghuì. Eminyakeni yempi zivuselele izingadi ezichithiwe futhi zathuthukisa indlela “yokusonta okulula ukwembula uboya” (轻揉显毫), eyaba uphawu lwe-Xīshān Chá yesimanje.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amathiyi aluhlaza aseGuangxi:

• Sānjiāng Lǜchá (三江绿茶, Sānjiāng Lǜchá): I-Guangxi, i-Liǔzhōu. Indawo “eyisenyakatho” ngokusemthethweni. Iprofayili ye-chestnut-orchid, ukumelana nokuphisa oku-5–7. I-Xīshān — “embali nezithelo” kakhudlwana, inephunga eliyingqayizivele lelotus lasebusika. I-Sānjiāng — enkulu (215 000 mu); i-Xīshān — encane (20 500 mu), inesimo esiphakeme.

• Língyún Báiháo (凌云白毫, Língyún Báiháo): I-Guangxi, i-Bǎisè. Isezintabeni eziphakeme (800–1500 m), isuka ku-cultivar ye-Língyún Báiháo. Itiye elintekenteke, “elisiliva” elinoboya obuningi. I-Xīshān — “ifudumele” ngokweprofayili, inephunga eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana nomthwalo wamasiko wamaBuddha.

• Xī Hú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): I-Zhèjiāng. Ukuqhathanisa akunakugwemeka: amaphephandaba amabili — ase-Qing naseRiphabhulikhi — athi i-Xīshān “ayisileli ku-Lóngjǐng”, kanti u-Máo Zédōng wakuqinisekisa lokhu ngekhulu lama-20. I-Lóngjǐng — isicaba, i-chestnut-nutty; i-Xīshān — isontiwe, imbalini-nezithelo. I-Lóngjǐng — ibiza kakhulu futhi idume kakhulu; i-Xīshān — ayikhangisiwe kangako, kodwa inephunga eliyingqayizivele “lezinkathi ezine” kanye nomlando wamaBuddha ongenawo i-Lóngjǐng.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xīshān Chá — itiye elizalwa emthandazweni nasenkungwini: izindela zaseTang zayitshala e-Qípán Shí, lapho ngokwenganekwane abangafi babedlala i-chess, kanti umthombo u-Rǔquán kusukela ngaleso sikhathi wondla izimpande zawo ngamanzi amaminerali amhlophe. Emakhulwini ayishumi nantathu eminyaka yaba yi-gòngchá nge-Qing, yathola ukunconywa ngu-Máo Zédōng futhi yangenela irejista yaseYurophu — kodwa isimangaliso sayo esikhulu akusikho emiklomelweni, kepha “emaphungheni amane ezinkathi ezine”: ukuhlaza okumsulwa kwasentwasahlobo, ubumnene bepheya lasehlobo, ukujula okukhilemolo lwasekwindla, nokuphola kwelotusi lwasebusika. Phekela ku-80 °C ngamanzi athambile — futhi uvumele itiye laseNtshonalanga likuxoxele umlando walo wezinkulungwane zeminyaka, oqale ngomdlalo we-chess phakathi kwabangafi ababili.