Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān

I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān itiye eliluhlaza eliphansi ngenhla elisuka eNtabeni i-Éméishān (峨眉山), eSichwan (四川), eChina. Leli tiye linikezwe isikhundla sikaZwelonke Sokukhonjiswa Kwendawo (国家地理标志产品). Uphawu olubalulekile lwalo amaqabunga ayizicaba anemibala “yegolide lesigodi” (谷黄, gǔ huáng), iphunga elimi njalo lamatende (栗香, lì xiāng) kanye nokunambitheka kabusha okuhlala isikhathi eside. Leli tiye lenziwa ngezinto eziqongelwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 500, okulibeka eqoqweni lama-tiyé angempela aphansi ngenhla aseSichwan, okuyifa lenkathi yeminyaka eminingi yesiko le-tiyé lase-Éméishān.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (eliphethwe ngaphandle kokugaywa). Lingenela esigabeni esibizwa nge-biǎn chǎo qīng (扁炒青) — amatiyé aluhlaza ayizicaba aqholiwe.
• Isigaba: Amatiyé aseChina anesikhundla sokukhonjiswa kwendawo. Umkhiqizo owavikeleka ngesikhundla sezwe sikaZwelonke Sokukhonjiswa Kwendawo (国家地理标志保护产品, Guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì bǎohù chǎnpǐn), isiqiniseko sathola ngowezi-2010. Ezikhungweni zobungcweti, leli tiye linikezwe isidlaliso esifanekisayo “ihlabezi phakathi kwamatiyé aluhlaza” (绿茶中的翡翠, lǜchá zhōng de fěicuì).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseSichwan (四川, Sìchuān), esiyingini se-Éméishān (峨眉山市, Éméishān shì). Likhiqizwa kuso sonke isiyingi, umnyombo usemapulazini aphansi ngenhla eNtabeni i-Éméishān.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29°35′ N, 103°20′ E (indawo yaseHēibāoshān — 黑包山).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Éméishān ingenye yezindawo zakudala zokukhiqiza itiyé eChina. Isiko le-tiyé lale ntaba livela enkathini yeTang (唐, 618–907): iCān Jīng (《茶经》, “Inkolo Yetiyé”) kaLù Yǔ (陆羽) ikhuluma ngamatiyé ase-Éméi, kanti izindela zamaBhuda zezigodlo zentaba zazisebenzisa itiyé ekuzindleni nasekwamukeleni izihambi. Ngenkathi yeMing (明, 1368–1644), umbusi uHóngwǔ (朱元璋, Zhū Yuánzhāng) — umsunguli wozalo — ngokwesiko, wanika amatiyé ase-Éméi igama lesi-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān wawafaka phakathi kwama-gōngchá (贡茶) — iziphiwo zenkantolo yombusi. Lesi siqinisekiso sixhumanisa igama letiyé nokuqashelwa kombusi, nakuba ukuthola ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi kunzima.

  Emlandweni wakamuva, izigameko eziyinhloko kwaba yilawa:

  • 1915 — itiyé i-“Xiéhéchāng” (协和昌) i-zhūlánjīng chá (珠兰精茶) lase-Éméishān lathola indondo yegolide embukisweni womhlaba i-Panama-Pacific eSan Francisco.
  • 2002 — kwasungulwa inkampani ye-Éméishān Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān tea company (峨眉山仙芝竹尖茶业公司), ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besintu.
  • 2003 — kwanikezwa indondo yomhlaba ye-“Eureka” (尤里卡金奖, Yóulǐkǎ Jīnjiǎng) — umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu emkhakheni wekhwalithi yokudla.
  • 2010 — kwatholwa isikhundla somkhiqizo nokukhonjiswa kukaZwelonke.
  • 2023 — inani lomkhiqizo we-“Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” lidlule ezigidini ezi-5 zamayini (yuan).

• Igama:

  • «Xiān» (仙) — ongafi, womnkantsha.
  • «Zhī» (芝) — utshani obumangalisayo, ikhikhiya elinemilingo i-lingzhī (uphawu lwenhlanhla).
  • «Zhú» (竹) — i-bamboo (umhlangalalokwe).
  • «Jiān» (尖) — ukucijile, isihloko. Ngokuqondile: “Utshani obungafi [obumangalisayo] — isihloko se-bamboo.” Igama lihlanganisa izimpawu zofilosofi yobuDawu (Daoism) yokungafi (xiān-zhī) nomfanekiso weqabunga le-tiyé, elicijile futhi liqonde, okomhlwenga we-bamboo.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ifanekisela isiko letiyé elikhulu leminyaka eminingi lase-Éméishān — intaba engcwele yobuBuddha, isizinda seGugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-1996). Ukuhlobana kwayo nenkantolo yombusi yeMing kanye nezindela zamaBhuda, umsuka ophansi ngenhla, kanye nezimiso eziqinile zokukhiqiza kuyinika isikhundla somkhiqizo wesifunda ohloniphekile. I-Éméishān ingenye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zobuBuddha eChina (kanye ne-Wǔtáishān, Jiǔhuáshān, kanye ne-Pǔtáoshān), kanti itiyé lapha emlandweni lalingahlukaniseki nempilo yasendlini yesigodlo: izindela zazitshala, zilungisa, futhi zinikela ngetiyé ezihambini njengokubonisa udharma kanye nokwamukela izihambi. I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān iyaqhubeka nalesi siko, izethula njengetiyé elifanele ukunikelwa — kungaba kombusi noma esivakashini esihloniphekile. Amalothi asentwasahlobo, angaphambi kweQīngmíng (明前茶, míng qián chá), aziswa kakhulu.

3. Izincazelo Zezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Uhlobo oluyinhloko (cishe ama-70% ezitshalo) — iqembu lezitshalo ezinamacembe aphakathi nendawo namancane aseSichwan (四川中小叶群体种, Sìchuān zhōng xiǎo yè qúntǐ zhǒng), elaziwa nangokuthi “lǎo chuān chá” (老川茶) — “itiyé elidala laseSichwan.” Leli yi-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, yohlobo lwesihlahla, lunamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo ayi-oval, awugqinsi futhi anenyama, anezinwele ezimbe kahle. Olunye uhlobo lokutshala yi-Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶), eyaziwa ngokuba nomkhiqizo omkhulu kanye nezihloko ezinhle.
• Ukuqoqwa: Ukuqoqwa kwasentwasahlobo — ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (清明) ukuze kutholwe amagireyidi aphezulu (明前茶, míng qián chá). Amaphesenti ama-amino acid akhululekile ehlumela lasentwasahlobo afinyelela ku-≥4.6%.
• Izinga lokuqoqwa: Ngegreythi ephezulu “Xuánjiàn” (玄鉴) — izinhlumelo ezizimele zodwa (单芽). Ngamagreyithi “Hé” kanye “Yǎ” — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Kumagremu angama-500 etiyé eliqediwe le-greythi ephezulu, kudingeka izihlokwana zetiyé ezingaba ngu-35 000.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Izihlokwana nezinhlumelo kumele zifane, zibe ntsha, zingonakalanga ngezandla futhi zingenazo izimpawu zezinambuzane. Ukuqoqwa kwenziwa ngesandla.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

• Isifunda: Indawo yonke yesiyingi se-Éméishān (峨眉山市), esifundazweni saseSichwan. Umnyombo wokukhiqiza ipulazi letiyé lase-Hēibāoshān (黑包山茶场, Hēibāo Shān cháchǎng), eliphansi ngamamitha ayi-1 500–1 800 endaweni yamahlathi endalo. Cishe ama-40% amasimu etiyé ase-Hēibāoshān anezihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.

• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 1 500–1 800 m — okuphakeme kakhulu kunamanye amatiyé aluhlaza aseSichwan, okukunika iphrofayili ecacile “yokuphakama okukhulu.”

• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esingaphansi kwezindonga, esinamandla emvula, esinokulungiswa kwezintaba. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi endaweni yamapulazi lingu-16–18 °C. Umswakama ophakeme womoya ungaphakathi kuka-≥80%. Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu lingaphakathi kuka-≥200 ngonyaka. Umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa emini nasebusuku. Umswakama ophezulu kanye nokukhanya okuningi okusabalalisekile kubambezela ukukhula kwezinhlumelo, okunomthelela ekuqoqweni kwama-amino acid, i-chlorophyll, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi.

• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi enombala obomvu nogqinsi ephansi kwezintaba (红黄壤, hóng huáng rǎng) enomhlaba omkhulu we-humus (≥80 cm), impendulo eneasodi (pH 4.5–6.5), inani eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo (≥3%). Ihambisa amanzi kahle, inothile ngezinto ezincane.

• Imvelo: Izinga lamahlathi endaweni lifinyelela ku-93%. Umnyombo wepulazi usendaweni yokulondoloza amanzi. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa komquba namalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane — kusetshenziswa ezolimo ezingenawo amakhemikhali kuphela. Ingxenye yomkhiqizo inesitifiketi esivumelana nezimiso ze-European Union (igreyithi “Xuánjiàn”). I-Éméishān iyikhaya lezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezi-5 000 kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kwezi-2 300, kanti amasimu etiyé afakwe ngokuhlelekile kule ndawo ephilayo: izihlahla zikhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinkulu ezinamacembe abanzi namahlathi e-bambo, okwenza kube nomthunzi wemvelo. Indalo enothile kangaka inikeza ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngokwemvelo, okunciphisa isidingo sokwelashwa noma yikuphi kuze kube sezingeni elincane kakhulu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ingelinye lamatiyé aluhlaza ayizicaba. Isici esihlukile sokukhiqiza ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi e-bambo nawokhuni kuphela kuzo zonke izigaba (ukugwema ukuthintana nensimbi ukuvimbela ukungcola / i-oxidation), kanye nendlela yesintu ethi “chónglà mǒ guō” (虫蜡抹锅) — ukugcoba imbiza nge-wax ukunika iqabunga ukukhanya.

• Ukuthela (摊放 — tān fàng): Izinto eziqoqiwe zisakazwa ngongqimba oncane kumathreyi e-bamboo endlini enomoya. Kuqhubeka cishe amahora ayi-6 ukususa umswakama ongaphezulu nokwenza kusebenze izinqubo ezifana ne-enzyme ukwakha izandulela zephunga.
• Ukulungiswa kohlaza — “ukubulawa kohlaza” (杀青 — shā qīng): Ukulungiswa kusigubhu esishisayo (滚筒杀青, gǔntǒng shā qīng) ezingeni lokushisa elingu-~280 °C. Ukungasebenzi kwama-enzyme, ukulondolozwa kombala oluhlaza, ukususa iphunga eliluhlaza elingakavuthwa.
• Ukubunjiwa (理条做形 — lǐ tiáo zuò xíng): Amaqabunga abekwa futhi aphuselwa phansi ngesandla (手工拍压, shǒugōng pāi yā) ezingeni lokushisa elingu-~80 °C, athola isimo esiyisicaba futhi esiqonde, esifana nesihloko se-bamboo. Konke ukusebenza kwenziwa ngamathuluzi e-bamboo nawokhuni.
• Ukuvuthwa (摊凉 — tān liáng): Amaqabunga asakazwa ukuze aphole ngokwemvelo, aqinise isimo futhi avimbe “ukufuthelana.”
• Ukubhula kokugcina — huī guō tí xiāng (辉锅提香): Ukubhula okuphansi kancane (~60 °C) ukuze kususwe umswakama ophelele (kuze kube ngaphakathi kuka-≤6.5%), kuqiniswe isimo futhi kugcizelele iphunga lamatende.
• Izici ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe: Lonke inqubo lwenziwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa amathuluzi e-bamboo nawokhuni — insimbi ayivunyelwe ukuvimbela i-oxidation yama-polyphenol ekuthintaneni nensimbi. Indlela yesintu ethi “chónglà mǒ guō” (虫蜡抹锅) — ukugcoba imbiza nge-wax emhlophe — kunikeza iqabunga ukukhanya okushelelayo okuphawulekayo. Kumagremu angama-500 etiyé eliqediwe le-greythi ephezulu, kudingeka izihlokwana ezingaba ngu-35 000. Wonke umkhiqizo uhlolwa kalikhulu ukuthola izinsalela zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga ayizicaba, aqonde, alinganisile, afana nokucijile kwehlumela le-bambo. Umbala wamagreyithi aphezulu — “igolide lesigodi” (谷黄, gǔ huáng): oluhlaza ogqinsi ophakathi noluhlaza okotshani nokukhanya okusagolide, okuphawulekayo ngamatiyé ezinhlumelo ezizimele. Amagreyithi ajwayelekile anombala oluhlaza ophakathi nokhanyayo. Ingaphezulu lishelela, linokukhanya okuncane okuvela ekuhlolisweni kwesintu nge-wax.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga lamatende elimi njalo (栗香, lì xiāng) — inothi eyinhloko, uphawu lwelebhuli letiyé. Ngemuva kunokuhlanzeka kwezimbali nokuhamba okuncane “okusha” (嫩香, nèn xiāng), okuvela ematiyeni angaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng.
• Iphunga lokuhlambulula: Iphunga lamatende, elicebile futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, eliphuma ngezansi okusha oluhlaza. Liphunga lihlala likhona emashalofini amaningi.
• Ukunambitheka: Ukuhlanzeka okugqamile (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) nokuba khona okucacile kokunambitheka okufana nama-amino acid “umami” okumnandi. Umzimba uphakathi nendawo, ushelela futhi unobuhle obushelelayo (滑, huá). Ubuncinci bokunambitheka okubabayo nokukugguqisa buncane kakhulu (okuhlangene kwama-polyphenol ku-14.7%, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso samatiyé aluhlaza). Ukunambitheka kabusha okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuthambile futhi okumnandi (回甘绵长, huígān mián cháng).
• Umbala wokuhlambulula: Oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, okhanyayo futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng). Ematiyeni angaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng ulula kakhulu futhi “unokubaneka.”
• Iqabunga le-tiyé (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Elihambisanayo, eliluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, elinomsoco. Izihlokwana namaqabunga amancane ayavuleka “njengezimbali ezincane” (成朵, chéng duǒ), alondoloze umbala oluhlaza okomkhiqizo omusha nokwakheka okuphilayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin): Okuhlangene kwama-polyphenol etiyé cishe ku-14.7% (okungaphansi kwesilinganiso samatiyé aluhlaza, okuchazwa ngumsuka ophansi ngenhla nokuqoqwa kusenesikhathi). Ama-catechin amakhulu: i-EGCG, i-EC, i-ECG. Ukwehla okuhambisana nokuhlangene kwama-polyphenol uma kuqhathaniswa nama-amino acid kuchaza ubuncane bokunambitheka okubabayo.
• Ama-amino acid: Okuhlangene okuphezulu — ≥4.6% ezinhlumelweni zasentwasahlobo (okungaphezu kwesilinganiso samatiyé aluhlaza). Kuningi kakhulu i-L-theanine, enikeza ukuhlanzeka, ubumnandi, kanye nomphumela wokuphumula.
• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — okuhlangene okuphakathi nendawo, okujwayelekile ematiyeni aphansi ngenhla asentwasahlobo (cishe ama-mg angu-25–35/g). Kukhona ne-theobromine ne-theophylline.
• Amavithamini: I-A (β-carotene) — ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, okuhlangene kungaphakathi kwama-50% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso samatiyé aluhlaza. I-C — okuhlangene okuphezulu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphelele. Amavithamini eqembu B.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluoride, i-selenium. Umhlaba omkhulu we-humus enhlabathini ebomvu nobomvu ogqinsi ophansi kwezintaba uhlinzeka ngephrofayili eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezincane.
• I-chlorophyll: Okuhlangene okuphezulu, okubangelwa isikhathi eside izihlahla zetiyé zihlala ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okusabalalisekile kanye namafu.
• Amafutha abalulekile: Ayimbangela yephunga lamatende elimi njalo (栗香). Akheka ekubhuleni kokugcina okungelula okuphansi.

8. Izinzuzo Ezingokwempilo:

• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol etiyé asusa ngempumelelo okungaxutshiwe okuhamba phambili ngokukhululekile. Ngokweminye imininingwane, umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-polyphenol etiyé udlula umsebenzi we-Vitami E cishe izikhathi eziyi-18.

• Ukusekelwa komzimba uguquko lwamafutha: Ama-catechin asiza ekubhidlizeni amafutha, esekela izinga elijwayelekile lamafutha egazini.

• Ukulondolozwa kwesibindi nokusekelwa kokubuka: Okuhlangene okuphezulu kwe-Vitami A (β-carotene) kunomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wesibindi nasempilweni yamehlo.

• Umthelela wokugqugquzela: Inhlanganisela elinganiselayo ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza ukuphaphamisa okuthambile, okulinganayo ngaphandle kokuphakama nokuwa okukhulu.

• Ukuvikelwa komlomo: I-fluoride nama-catechin aqinisa ugqinsi lwamazinyo futhi anomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane.

• Ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine inegalelo ekugxilweni okuphumuzile, ekuthuthukiseni ukunaka, nasekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni.

• Ukuqiniswa kwezimisela zomzimba: Ingxubevange yamavithamini C no-E, izinto ezincane kanye nama-polyphenol isekela izindlela zokuzivikela zomzimba.

• Kubalulekile: lolu lwazi lolokwazisa kuphela futhi akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha.

9. Ukwenziwa kwe-Tiyé:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C ngengilazi yengilazi; ngamagreyithi aphezulu (Xuánjiàn, Tèjí) kuvunyelwe ukwehla kufike ku-80 °C. Amanzi abilayo angaphezu kwama-90 °C awavunyelwe — ukuhlambulula kuba luhlaza kanye, futhi kuba khona ukunambitheka okubabayo.

• Inani letiyé: Amagremu ama-4 nge-200 ml (ubukhulu 1:50).

• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi ekhanyayo — ukuze uqaphele “umdanso” wamaqabunga nokuhlonza umbala wokuhlambulula. I-gàiwǎn (盖碗) yobumba omhlophe — ngesitayela se-gōngfū, esivumela ukuveza ngokuphelele iphunga lamatende.

• Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯泡法):

  1. Vutha ingilazi ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
  2. Thela amagremu ama-4 etiyé.
  3. Thela amanzi anezinga lokushisa elingu-85–90 °C ku-1/3 yomthamo, unyakazisa ingilazi “ukuvusa iphunga” (摇香).
  4. Gcwalisa amanzi ufike ku-7/10 omthamo.
  5. Ukuhlambulula kokuqala — umzuzu owodwa. Phuza kuze kube ngu-2/3, bese utheleka amanzi ashisayo.

• I-gàiwǎn (盖碗泡法):

  1. Vutha i-gàiwǎn.
  2. Thela itiyé, wenze ukugeza okusheshayo (润茶, rùn chá) — imizuzwana emihlanu, ukhiphe.
  3. Ukufakwa kokuqala — 15–20 imizuzwana, wandise isikhathi kancane kancane.
  4. Amagreyithi aphezulu athatha izikhawu ezingu-8–10.

• Izaziso: Itiyé elisanda kuvulwa linconywa ukuba ligcinwe izinsuku eziyisi-7 endaweni emnyama “ukukhipha umlilo” (褪火气, tuì huǒqì) — ukwehlisa ukushisa okusalayo okuvela ekulungisweni. Ukupakishwa okuvuliwe kungcono ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwamahora angama-72 ukugcina iphunga eliphezulu. Akunconywa ukuphuza esiswini esingadlile — ama-tannin angacasula uphahla lwesisu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu — esiqandisini, 0–5 °C. Ngamatiyé aluhlaza aphansi ngenhla, ukugcinwa endaweni ephansi kwezinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukuhlanzeka, umbala oluhlaza, kanye nephunga lamatende.
• Isitsha: Esingangeni umoya, esingenakubonakala. Kunconywa ukugcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-vacuum engeniswa i-nitrogen noma izikhwama ze-foil.
• Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya (kubulala i-chlorophyll), umswakama (kukhuthaza i-oxidation kanye nesikhunta), izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwama-amino acid nama-ejenti anuka kamnandi), amaphunga aphambene.
• Isikhathi sokugcinwa: Lizwakala kahle kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zokuqala. Ekugcinweni okungangeni umoya ku-0–5 °C — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-18. Ukupakishwa okuvuliwe kunconywa ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwamahora angama-72 ukuthola iphunga eliphezulu, kodwa kuvamile kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-1–2.

11. Intengo kanye Nokungelona Iginiso:

• Isigaba sentengo: Itiyé lihlukaniswa ngokwamagreyithi:

  • Xuánjiàn (玄鉴, “Isibuko Esifihlakele”) — isitifiketi semvelo ye-EU, ukuqoqwa ngesandla kwezihlokwana ezizimele. Isigaba esiphezulu.
  • Tèjí (特级) — izihlokwana ezizimele zangaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (≥95%), ezicijile, eziqonde, ezinombala “wegolide lesigodi”, nephunga lamatende elimi njalo. Intengo ≥2 000 amayuan nge-jīn (500 g).
  • Igreyithi yokuqala (一级) — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elivulekile, ukunambitheka okusha nokuhlala njalo. Ama-yuan angu-800–1 500 nge-jīn.
  • Igreyithi yesibili (二级) — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili, iphunga elihlanzekile, ukumelana nokwenziwa okuhle. Ama-yuan angu-400–800 nge-jīn.

• Indlela yokugwema ukwenza amanga:

  • Thenga itiyé kubadayisi abagunyaziwe noma ezitolo ezigunyaziwe. Bheka uphawu lokukhonjiswa kwendawo (国家地理标志).
  • Hlola ukubukeka: i-Tèjí yasekuqaleni — izihlokwana ezizimele ezilinganiselayo, ezicijile futhi eziqonde, ezinombala ofanayo osagolide noluhlaza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqabunga anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene noma umbala obonakala ufiphele kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi noma ukushintshwa.
  • Iphunga: inothi yamakheshanathi (栗香) kumele ihleli futhi ihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwephunga elibi noma iphunga lesikhunta.
  • Ukuhlambulula: oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile, okhanyayo futhi okhanyayo. Ukungaci, umbala ogqinsi ogqinsi — izimpawu ezikhathazayo.
  • Intengo: i-“Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” ephansi ngendlela esolisayo cishe ingamanga enziwe ngezinto eziqongelwe kwenye indawo noma igreyithi ehlukile.

12. Izinto Ezihehayo:

• Ngokwenganekwane yendawo, igama elithi “Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” lanikezwa ngumdabu uHóngwǔ (朱元璋) — umsunguli we-Ming Dynasty, owafaka amatiyé ase-Éméi phakathi kweziphiwo zenkantolo. Nakuba kunzima ukufakazela lesi sigameko ngemibhalo, ukuhlobana kwe-Éméishān neziphiwo zetiye zomdabu kuyiqiniso: ngenkathi yeMing, izindela zale ntaba zazikhiqiza futhi zithumela itiyé enkantolweni.
• Ngo-1915, itiyé lase-Éméishān — i-zhūlánjīng chá ngaphansi kwelebuli “Xiéhéchāng” — lathola indondo yegolide embukisweni womlando womhlaba i-Panama-Pacific eSan Francisco, lapho kwakukhona nama-maotai nezinye izimpawu zobungcweti besandla saseChina.
• Umnyombo wamapulazi — i-Hēibāoshān — usendaweni yamahlathi endalo anezinga lamahlathi elingama-93%. Ezinye izihlahla zetiye zinezimpande ezingenhla nge-6 m, okuvumela zona ukukhipha izinto ezincane ezinhle ezihlangene ngenhla emadwaleni.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuthintana kwezinto ezingavuthiwe namathuluzi ensimbi kuzo zonke izigaba — kusetshenziswa i-bamboo nokhuni kuphela. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuvimbela i-micro-oxidation yama-polyphenol futhi kulondoloza ubumsulwa bokunambitheka.
• Ngo-2023, inani lomkhiqizo we-“Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān” lalilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 zamayini (~700 USD million), okwenza kube ngomunye wemikhiqizo yetiyé ebiza kakhulu eSichwan.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiyé Aluhlaza:

• Zhú Yè Qīng (竹叶青, Zhú Yè Qīng): “Umakhelwane” owaziwayo wase-Éméishān. Womabili amatiyé angamatiye aluhlaza ayizicaba avela endaweni efanayo, kodwa kunokwehluka okubalulekile: i-Zhú Yè Qīng ikhula eziphakamweni eziphansi (800–1 200 m) futhi inombala ogqamile oluhlaza okotshani; i-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān iphansi kakhulu (1 500–1 800 m), inombala osagolide nogqinsi ogqinsi wamagreyithi aphezulu. Iphunga le-Zhú Yè Qīng linamacembe kakhulu; i-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān inamakheshanathi kakhulu. I-Zhú Yè Qīng wuphawu lukhwebo olubhalisiwe lwenkampani eyodwa; i-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān umkhiqizo onokukhonjiswa kwendawo.

• Méngdǐng Gānlù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Itiyé eliluhlaza laseSichwan elaziwayo elivela eNtabeni iMéngdǐng, kodwa likasongelwe (akusicaba). Ukunambitheka kwe-Gānlù “kuhlotshiswe nge-jade” futhi kuthambile, kunenothi enkulu yezimbali. I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān inesakhiwo esengeziwe, ngokugcizelela okugqamile emakheshanathini.

• Xī Hú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Isisekelo samatiyé aluhlaza ayizicaba. I-Lóngjǐng ivela e-Zhèjiāng, ikhula eziphakamweni eziphansi (100–300 m), inesimo seqabunga esibanzi “esigqoke” nephunga elinamandla eliphakiwe. I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān iphansi, icijile futhi iyisicece, enobumnandi obuthambile obunama-amino acid.

• Tàipíng Hóu Kuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóu Kuí): Itiyé eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela e-Ānhuī, kodwa likhulu kakhulu (amaqabunga afinyelela ku-5–7 cm). I-Tàipíng Hóu Kuí inamandla futhi inethanga le-orchid; i-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān inciphile, icijile, igxile emakheshanathini nasekuhlanzekeni okupholile okuvela phezulu.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiānzhī Zhú Jiān ingelinye lamatiyé aveza i-terroir ngokunemba okubhaliwe: umbala osagolide wezihlokwana ezithole amandla ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-1 500 emafini ase-Éméishān, iphunga lamatende elimi njalo elidalwe ngamathuluzi e-bamboo nomlilo ongasheshayo, nokunambitheka kabusha okuhlala isikhathi eside, okufudumele, apho kuzwakala khona ukujula kwamaminerali enhlabathini enezintaba. Leli tiye ngelabo abazisa ubuqiniso ngaphezu kwegama elikhulu — futhi abakulungele ukukufuna ekugxilweni okuthulile kwe-gàiwǎn, ukuhlambulula nokuhlambulula.