Xiāngshān Gòngchá

I-Xiāngshān Gòngchá (香山贡茶, Xiāngshān gòngchá) ithiye eliluhlaza elinomlando, livela esifundeni sase-Fèngjié (奉节县, Fèngjié Xiàn), endaweni engenela kwiMigudwane Emikhulu Yesithathu yoMfula i-Yangtze (长江三峡), ngasemazansi kwenqaba yeNkosi Emhlophe yase-Báidìchéng (白帝城, Báidìchéng). I-Fèngjié iyindawo yasendulo eyayibizwa nge-Kuízhōu (夔州, Kuízhōu), “AmaSango eMigudwane Yesithathu,” indawo lapho imbongi u-Dù Fǔ (杜甫) yabhala khona izimbongo ezingaphezu kwama-400, futhi lapho umhosha wamatshe wase-Qútángxiá (瞿塘峡, Qútáng Xiá) — “uMphimbo woMfula uYangtze” — ukhonjiswa emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan. Phakathi nobukhosi bakwaTáng, ithiye laseKuízhōu laliyingxenye yamagōngchá (贡茶) okukhulunywa ngawo encwadini ethi “Isengezo Somlando Kahulumeni” (《国史补》) kaLǐ Zhào, lapho libizwa ngokuthi “夔州香雨” (“iMvula EnePhunga Elimnandi yaseKuízhōu”). U-Lù Yǔ encwadini yakhe ethi “Incwadi Yomthetho Wethiye” (《茶经》) wafaka i-Kuízhōu ohlwini lwezifunda ezikhiqiza ithiye. Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka elahlekile, ithiye lavuselelwa ngo-1991, futhi ngo-2023 lase lithole indebe yeGolide ye-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯金奖) izikhathi ezimbili. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingama-28 zokukhiqiza, futhi isici esiyinkomba — “iphunga le-kheshinathi” (栗香) — sidalwa “umsebenzi womlilo” (火工, huǒ gōng) ngobunyoninco ezigabeni zokugcina zokumiswa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Ithiyana eliluhlaza (elingavutshiwe, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ukugcinisa ukuluhlaza — ukuhuqa nge-rola ku-160–180 °C (滚筒杀青). Ukumisa kokugcina — okuhlanganisiwe: ukumiswa kokuqala ezingeni lokushisa lika-90–100 °C → ukubunjwa ngesandla → ukwembula iphunga kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa lika-80–90 °C → “ukubhenyezela komlilo” (猛火, měng huǒ) ku-110 °C imizuzwana emi-3.

• Isigaba: Ithiyana elibizwa ngegama elinomlando (历史名茶). I-Gōngchá yangesikhathi sikaTáng — okungelinye lamathiyana acishe abe ngama-20 abhalwe encwadini ethi “Umlando Omusha Wobukhosi BakwaTáng” (《新唐书·地理志》) njengemali yobukhosi evela e-Kuízhōu Yún’ānjùn. Indebe yeGolide emcimbini we-Agricultural Exhibition Kazwelonke (1995). Indebe yeGolide ye-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯金奖, 2023). Indebe yeGolide yomncintiswano wase-Chóngqìng “Dòu Chá” (重庆斗茶大赛金奖, 2023). Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili zephunga: “uhlobo lwe-kheshinathi” (栗香型, lì xiāng xíng, oluyinhloko) kanye nohlobo “lokuhlaza okumsulwa” (清香型, qīng xiāng xíng, “umsebenzi womlilo” olula).

• Imvelaphi: I-China; idolobha elilawulwa ngokuqondile yiCentral Government i-Chóngqìng (重庆市, Chóngqìng Shì); isifunda sase-Fèngjié (奉节县, Fèngjié Xiàn), i-Kuízhōu yasendulo (夔州). Umgogodla wekhwalithi — idolobhana lase-Báidì (白帝镇, Báidì Zhèn), indawo yethempeli lase-Xiāngshān Sì (香山寺, Xiāngshān Sì, “IThempeli leNtaba EnePhunga Elimnandi”), ukuphakama okungama-500–900 m — “ibhande lamafu nenkungu”. Ngaphezu kwalokho — idolobhana lase-Xīnmín (新民镇, Xīnmín Zhèn), izindawo ezisemfuleni.

• Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: ~31°00′–31°30′ N, 109°00′–109°40′ E (indawo yase-Fèngjié, umphimbo weMigudwane Yesithathu).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

I-Kuízhōu (夔州) — ngesinye sezifunda zasendulo zaseChina ezazikhiqiza ithiye, okuyindawo ekhulunywa ngayo u-Lù Yǔ encwadini yakhe ethi “Incwadi Yomthetho Wethiye” (《茶经》, ngekhulu lesi-8) njengenye yezindawo ezikhiqizayo. Encwadini ethi “Umlando Omusha Wobukhosi BakwaTáng” (《新唐书·地理志》), isifunda sase-Kuízhōu Yún’ānjùn (夔州云安郡) sibhalwe njengomhlinzeki wethiye obuthunywa embusweni. Isazi-mlando sesikhathi sikaTáng u-Lǐ Zhào (李肇) encwadini ethi “Isengezo Somlando Kahulumeni” (《国史补》) ubalula amagōngchá adumile, phakathi kwawo — “夔州香雨” (“iMvula EnePhunga Elimnandi yaseKuízhōu”), eyayikhiqizwa eduze kweNtaba yaseXiāngshān, eduze ne-Báidìchéng.

Ngesikhathi sikaSòng, “宾化早春” (“Intwasahlobo Yokuqala yaseBīnhuà”) yase-Fèngjié yayidumile enhlokodolobha — lokhu kufakazelwa incwadi ethi “Jiànyán Zájì” (《建炎杂记》). “Bīnhuà” igama lasendulo lenye yezindawo zase-Fèngjié, kanti “intwasahlobo yokuqala” kukhombisa ukuthi ithiyana lalivuthwa masinya ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele esincane somhosha. Ngesikhathi sikaMíng, u-Huáng Yīzhèng (黄一正) encwadini eningi yolwazi ethi “Shìwù Gànzhū” (《事物绀珠·茶类》) wabhalwa ukuthi “夔州香山茶” — “Ithiyana LaseNtabeni EnePhunga Elimnandi laseKuízhōu,” okuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweNtaba yaseXiāngshān kanye nesiko lethiye. Ngaleyo ndlela, i-Xiāngshān Gòngchá inomlando wombhalo oqhubekayo ongaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane: Táng (Lǐ Zhào, Lù Yǔ) → Sòng (Jiànyán Zájì) → Míng (Huáng Yīzhèng).

Ekupheleni kobukhosi bakwaQīng naphakathi nezikhathi zempi zekhulu lama-20, ubuchwepheshe belahleka. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngo-1991: abaphathi base-Fèngjié bahlanganisa izingcezu zezindlela zomlando nezindinganiso zesimanje futhi bavuselela ukukhiqizwa. Ngo-1995 ithiyana lathola indebe yeGolide emcimbini we-Agricultural Exhibition Kazwelonke (中国农博会金奖). Ngo-2023 — ukunqoba okuphindwe kabili: i-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯金奖) kanye nomncintiswano wase-Chóngqìng “Dòu Chá” (重庆斗茶大赛金奖).

• Igama: 香山 (Xiāngshān) — “INtaba EnePhunga Elimnandi” — intaba eduze kwase-Fèngjié, emithambekeni yayo lapho kukhona ithempeli lasendulo i-Xiāngshān Sì; 贡茶 (Gòngchá) — “ithiye lomnikelo,” “ithiye elinikezwa umbusi.” Incazelo ephelele: “IGòngchá yaseNtabeni EnePhunga Elimnandi.”

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Fèngjié iyindawo lapho kuhlangana khona izimbongo nomlando ngokukhethekile. Lapha, enqabeni yeNkosi Emhlophe (白帝城), u-Liú Bèi (刘备) wadlulisela indlalifa yakhe ku-Zhūgě Liàng (诸葛亮) — okungesinye sezigcawu ezinamandla kunazo zonke ku-“Romance of the Three Kingdoms.” Yilapha-ke lapho u-Dù Fǔ ahlala khona iminyaka emibili (766–768), ebhala izimbongo ezingaphezu kwama-400 — cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yawo wonke amagugu akhe, okuhlanganisa neyaziwa kakhulu ethi “Eight Stanzas on Autumn” (秋兴八首). I-Qútángxiá — isango lokungena eMigudwaneni Yesithathu — ikhonjiswa emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan. U-Lǐ Bái (李白) wabhala inkondlo yakhe edumile ethi “Ukuhamba Ngesikebhe Ekuseni Kusuka e-Báidìchéng” (早发白帝城): “朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还” — “Ekuseni ngishiya iNkosi Emhlophe phakathi kwamafu anemibala, ukuya e-Jiānglíng amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane — ngosuku olulodwa.” Ithiyana lase-Xiāngshān liyinkqubela yalomugqa wamasiko: isiphuzo esizalwe ezintabeni ezifanayo ezakhuthaza izimbongi ezinkulu zaseChina. Inqaba i-Báidìchéng, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwedamu izinga lamanzi laselikhuphukile layiguqula yaba isiqhingi — manje isimi phezu kwesiqhingi phakathi nomfula, okuyinikeza isimo esisha sothando.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo (Botanical) kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / i-cultivar: Okuyinhloko — i-Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá (福鼎大毫茶) kanye ne-Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶) — okungama-70% ezitshalo. Zombili izinhlobo zama-clone ezivuthwa masinya ezinobuningi be-háo (毫) kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid, ezaqala e-Fújiàn, kodwa sezijwayele kahle isimo sezulu sezintaba zemihosha. Ingakumbi ubuningi be-háo ye-Fúdǐng Dà Háo kuyikhona okudala umbala “oluhlaza osacwebezelayo” weqabunga elomisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho — uhlobo lweqembu lwase-Sìchuān olunamacembe amancane aphakathi (四川中小叶群体种) — amahlathi omdabu endawo, ajwayelene nesimo sezulu esincane esikhethekile se-“AmaSango Emihosha,” kanye ne-Míngshān Zǎo (名山早, Míngshān Zǎo) — uhlobo lwase-Sìchuān oluvuthwa masinya, oluvumela ukuqala ukuvuna izinsuku ezi-5–7 ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng.

• Ukuvuna: Kwasentwasahlobo — cishe ngesikhathi se-Qīngmíng (清明, ekuqaleni kuka-April). Izinga — ihlukazi elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kancane (一芽一叶初展). Akuvunyelwe ukuvuna amahlumela ansomi, agulayo, noma alimele.

• Izidingo zezinto zokusebenza: Amahlumela athambile, afanayo angenazici.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

I-Fèngjié isempumalanga ye-Chóngqìng, ngasesangweni lasentshonalanga lomhosha i-Qútángxiá — “uMphimbo woMfula uYangtze.” Isimo sezintaba seMigudwane Yesithathu sidala isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele.

• Ukuphakama kokumila: 500–900 m — “ibhande lamafu nenkungu” (云雾带, yúnwù dài). Umgogodla yimithambeka yeNtaba yase-Xiāngshān, ebheke ngase-Yangtze.

• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical ephakathi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-15.2 °C; umswakama ≥75%; izinsuku ezinokufakwa yinkungu zingama-45–52 ngonyaka; umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa nobusuku ubalulekile — umphumela womhosha ojulile, lapho umoya obandayo ovela emfuleni ukhuphukela emithambekeni ebusuku futhi wehlele phansi emini. Lesi sigqi “sokuphefumula” sikhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid.

• Inhlabathi: Ubumba olumnyama olunsomi (暗紫泥土, àn zǐ ní tǔ) kanye nobumba olupholile oluphuzi olunesihlabathi (冷沙黄泥土, lěng shā huáng ní tǔ), i-pH engu-4.0–6.5. Umkhathizwe wenhlabathi ojulile, ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Ubumba olunsomi — kuwuhlobo lwenhlabathi olujwayelekile emgodini we-Sìchuān-Chóngqìng, olucebile nge-potassium kanye nezinto ezincane ezimbalwa.

• Indawo ezungezile: Izindawo zokutshala ithiye zilawulwa ngezimiso zemvelo: umquba wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane akuvunyelwe. Ukuba seduze komfula i-Yangtze kuqinisekisa ukuthambama njalo kanye nokunciphisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokweqile. Imithambeka yezintaba ebheke ngase-Yangtze ithola ukukhanya okubonakala emanzini, okwandisa ukukhanya okuphelele ngo-10–15% kuyilapho kugcinwa ingxenye ephezulu yokukhanya okusakazekile. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwedamu leMigudwane Yesithathu (三峡大坝, 2006), izinga lamanzi laphakama, kwaqinisa umswakama kanye nenkungu endaweni yase-Fèngjié — okuyinto, ngokubhekwa ngabalimi bendawo, eyathuthukisa izimo zokutshala ithiye. Ingxenye yezindawo zokutshala ezisezindaweni eziphansi yakhukhula, kodwa izindawo zokutshala eziphakeme (500–900 m) azange zilinyazwe, futhi kunalokho, zazuza ngamafu akhulayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-Xiāngshān Gòngchá buhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingama-28 (非遗28道工序), kuhlanganisa izindlela zomlando ezivuselelwe nezisetshenziswa zikagesi, ezisusa ukunambitheka komsi.

• Ukuhlukaniseka (摊放 — tān fàng): Amahora ama-4–8 — okungaphezu kwesilinganiso, ukukhulisa izandulela zephunga.

• Ukugcinisa ukuluhlaza (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukuhuqa nge-rola (滚筒杀青) ku-160–180 °C.

• Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukusonteka ngesandla (手工滚揉, shǒugōng gǔnróu), ~imizuzu engama-20. Ukwakha izintambo eziqondile, eziminyene.

• Ukumisa kokuqala (初烘 — chū hōng): Ku-90–100 °C.

• Ukubunjwa ngesandla (整形 — zhěng xíng): “Ukusonteka ngesandla ukwenza intambo” (手工搓条定形, shǒugōng cuō tiáo dìng xíng) — isinyathelo esiyinhloko sokwakha “umugqa oqondile” ojwayelekile (紧秀匀直).

• Ukukhetha (拣剔 — jiǎn tī): Ukususa izingxenye ezingajwayelekile.

• Ukumisa kokugcina / ukwembula iphunga (足火提香 — zú huǒ tí xiāng): Ukumisa okuyinhloko ku-80–90 °C → “ukubhenyezela komlilo” kokugcina (猛火, měng huǒ) ku-110 °C imizuzwana emi-3. Lokhu “kushaywa” okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu — kuyimfihlo ye-“phunga le-kheshinathi” (栗香). Ukwenza kube ngokuyikho kwesilawuli somlilo kubalulekile: imizuzwana emi-1–2 ngaphezu kwalokho — futhi iphunga lizoguqukela “kwelishile.”

• Inothi: Izisetshenziswa zikagesi zithathe indawo yamalahle wezihlahla wendabuko — lokhu kususa ukunambitheka komsi ongcolile, kugcine ubumsulwa benothi “ye-kheshinathi.”

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa (Organoleptic):

• Isimo seqabunga elomisiwe: Izintambo eziqondile, eziminyene, ezihlelekile (条索紧秀匀直), ezinezihloko ezibonakalayo (锋苗显露). Umbala — “oluhlaza osacwebezelayo ongaphansi kwe-jade” (银绿隐翠, yín lǜ yǐn cuì).

• Iphunga leqabunga elomisiwe: I-Kheshinathi (栗香, lì xiāng) — elivelele, eliphakeme futhi eliqinile. Umphumela ‘womsebenzi womlilo’ ngokunemba esigabeni sokugcina.

• Iphunga lokungeniswa (infusion): I-Kheshinathi-luhlaza, elicebile futhi eliqinile. Ngokuphola — amanothi alula “esinkwa.”

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽) futhi ngasikhathi sinye okumnandi nokumsulwa (回甘, huígān) — ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside emva kokugwinya. Ukuhleleka kokusha kanye ‘nomzimba.’

• Umbala wokungeniswa: Oluhlaza okotshani, ocwebile futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈).

• Izinsalela zethiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Oluhlaza okuphuzi, okhanyayo futhi olinganayo (黄绿明亮匀整).

7. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Izinga eliphezulu — linikeza ukuvikela okunamandla kuma-antioxidant. Ngokusho komthombo, ukwehlisa amandla kwama-radical akhululekile kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-18 kune-Vitamin E.
• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): Izinga elihle — linikeza ukusha okuphawulekayo (鲜爽). I-L-theanine iyona ehamba phambili. Umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa aphakathi nobusuku emhosheni ukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid njengezivikelezi zokubandayo.
• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Ephakeme ngokwengeziwe — inikeza umphumela ophawulekayo okhuthazayo, ngokusho komthombo ungaphezu kwama-30% wesilinganiso samanye amathiya aluhlaza.
• Ama-Catechin (儿茶素): Kufaka phakathi i-EGCG — okuyinhloko yama-polyphenol, ebangela ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant kanye nokukhuthazwa kokuqedwa kwamafutha emzimbeni.
• Amavithamin: IVitamin C, amavithamin eqembu B, IVitamin E.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride; izinsalela zezinto ezincane ezivela kubumba olunsomi.

8. Izinzuzo Ezingaba Khona:

• Ukuvikela nge-Antioxidant: Ama-Polyphenol + i-Vitamin C — ukucutshungulwa okuhlangene kwama-radical akhululekile.
• Umphumela okhuthazayo: I-caffeine ephezulu ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine — ukukhuthala okumnene, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuthukuthela.
• Ukusekelwa kokugayeka kokudla: Ama-Catechin akhuthaza ukunyakaza kwesisu namathumbu futhi asheshise ukuhlukaniseka kwamafutha.
• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza imisebenzi yama-alpha wave ebuchosheni.
• Okubalulekile: Izinzuzo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe emininingweni ejwayelekile futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukuphuza ungadlile. Ithiyana elisha kufanele lilindiswe izinsuku eziyi-7–15 ukuze “kukhishwe ukushisa ngokweqile” (火). Ngemva kokuvula, ligcine livalwe ngempahla engangeni moya.

9. Ukuphisa (Ukwenziwa kwethiye):

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo (>90 °C kucekela phansi ukusha futhi kubangele ukubaba).
• Inani lethiye: amagremu ama-3 nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
• Izitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba (白瓷盖碗) — ukuhlanganisa iphunga le-kheshinathi. Ingilazi ecwebile — ukubuka “amahlumela amile” (芽叶竖立).
• Inqubo (i-gaiwan): Ukuhlambulula imizuzwana emi-5 → ukugqwala kokuqala — imizuzu emi-1–2 → ngakunye okulandelayo + imizuzwana engama-30.
• Inqubo (ingilazi ecwebile): Thela amanzi ku-80–85 °C, igxivize imizuzu emi-2. Buka “amahlumela amile” — izintambo eziluhlaza osacwebezelayo ezine-háo emhlophe zicwila kancane ziqonde phansi, kudala umphumela “wehlathi le-jade emanzini ase-crystal.” Kuvumeleke ukuphinda izikhathi ezi-3–5; iphunga le-kheshinathi ligqama kakhulu ekungenisweni kokuqala nokwesibili.

10. Ukulondolozwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (esiqandisini), livalwe ngokuphelele.
• Ukukhanya: Ukuhlalwa ngokuphelele.
• Isikhathi: Kunconywa ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zokuqala. Ithiyana elisha — lilindiswe izinsuku eziyi-7–15 “醒茶” ukuze kukhishwe “umlilo.”

11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:

I-Xiāngshān Gòngchá — ithiyana lemikhakha yentengo ephakathi nendawo nephezulu. Ibanga eliphezulu — kusuka ku-800 yuan/ijin; ibanga lokuqala — 400–700 yuan/ijin; ibanga lesibili — 200–400 yuan/ijin.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:

  • Imvelaphi — i-Fèngjié, e-Chóngqìng.
  • Iphunga le-kheshinathi (栗香) — isici esiyinkomba ‘sokubhenyezela komlilo’ ku-110 °C. Ukungabi khona kwayo kuwuphawu lokushintshwa.
  • Isimo — izintambo eziqondile, ezihlelekile “ezinezihloko ezibonakalayo” (锋苗显露). Ezisontekile noma ezingenasimo — akuyona i-Xiāngshān.
  • Umbala — “oluhlaza osacwebezelayo ongaphansi kwe-jade” (银绿隐翠). Ogqwalileyo noma ophuzi — ukuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Ithiyana emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan: Umhosha wamatshe i-Qútángxiá (瞿塘峡) — “uMphimbo woMfula uYangtze,” okhonjiswa ngemuva emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan, — kumakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ezindaweni zokutshala ithiye lase-Xiāngshān. Ithiyana likhula “emalini yephepha” ngokoqobo.
• U-Dù Fǔ nethiye: Imbongi enkulu yahlala e-Kuízhōu iminyaka emibili (766–768), yabhala izimbongo ezingaphezu kwe-400. Kwezinye zazo kukhulunywa ngethiye lendawo nosawoti — imikhiqizo emibili ebibalulekile yase-Kuízhōu. Ngaleyo ndlela, i-Xiāngshān Gòngchá — ingelinye lamathiyana ambalwa anomlando “wozalo” lwezimbongo olusuka koyimbongi enkulu kunazo zonke yaseChina.
• INkosi Emhlophe nethiye: I-Báidìchéng (白帝城) — inqaba lapho ngo-223 u-Liú Bèi owayegulela ukufa adlulisela khona indlalifa yakhe enakekelweni luka-Zhūgě Liàng. Lesi sigcawu — ngesinye sezigcawu ezaziwa kakhulu emasikweni amaShayina. Izindawo zokutshala ithiye lase-Xiāngshān zisemithambekeni efanayo nenqaba — ithiyana elinombono womlando.
• Izinyathelo ezingama-28: Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-Xiāngshān Gòngchá buhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingama-28 zokukhiqiza ezilandelanayo — okungenye yezinhlelo “zokudla” ezinde kunawo wonke emathiyeni aluhlaza. Uma kuqhathaniswa: ithiyana eliluhlaza elijwayelekile lenza izinyathelo ezi-5–8.
• ‘Ukubhenyezela komlilo’ — imizuzwana emi-3 ngo-110 °C: Elokugcina “猛火” (ménghuǒ, “umlilo ovuthayo”) lithatha imizuzwana emi-3 ncamashi futhi lakha “iphunga le-kheshinathi.” Umzuzwana noma emibili eyeqile — futhi iphunga lishintsha libe “lishile.” Lena ngenye yezindlela zomlilo ezihamba phambili ngokunemba ezweni lezandla zamathiyana aseChina.
• Idamu leMigudwane Yesithathu nethiye: Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwesikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi i-“Migudwane Yesithathu” (三峡大坝, 2006), izinga lamanzi endaweni yase-Fèngjié lakhuphuka ngamamitha amaningi. Ukwanda kobubanzi bamanzi kwaqinisa ukuhwamuka kanye nokufakwa yinkungu — okuyinto, ngokubonwa, eyathuthukisa isimo sezulu esincane sezindawo zokutshala ithiye eziphakeme ngama-500–900 m.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amathiyana aluhlaza ase-Chóngqìng nase-Sìchuān:

• Yǒngchuān Xiùyá (永川秀芽, Yǒngchuān Xiùyá): I-Chóngqìng. Isimo esiyisicaba nesisontekile, iphrofayela ye-kheshinathi-luhlaza. “I-thandwa kakhulu” futhi ifinyeleleka kalula. I-Xiāngshān — inomlando ojulile (Táng uma uqhathanisa nekhulu lama-20) kanye nesimo esithe uqonde ngokweqile (紧秀匀直).
• Méngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): I-Sìchuān. Elinye lamathiyana amadala kakhulu eChina (“inombolo yokuqala” yesikhathi sikaTáng, ngokusho kukaLǐ Zhào: “蒙顶石花，号为第一”). Isimo — umoya osontekile; iphunga — “umbethe omnandi” (甘露), onezimbali ezigqamile. I-Xiāngshān — izintambo eziqondile, iphrofayela ye-kheshinathi evela “ekubhenyezeleni komlilo.” Zombili zingamagōngchá asesikhathini sikaTáng avela esifundeni esisodwa (Sìchuān-Chóngqìng), kodwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zesimo sezulu: i-Méngdǐng — ngaphezu kuka-1000 m, i-subtropical enomswakama; i-Xiāngshān — 500–900 m, isimo sezulu esincane sasemhosheni. I-Méngdǐng — yaziwa kakhulu; i-Xiāngshān — iyingqayizivele, kodwa inendawo ekhethekile yomhosha.
• Zhúyèqīng (竹叶青, Zhúyèqīng): I-Sìchuān, Éméi Shān. Isicaba, sihuqiwe. Iphrofayela emnene, “eluhlaza yoqalo”. I-Xiāngshān — “iminyene” futhi “ine-kheshinathi” ngaphezulu ngenxa “yokubhenyezela komlilo.”

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiāngshān Gòngchá — ithiyana elivela “Emasangweni eMigudwane Yesithathu”: izindawo zalo zokutshala zibheke emaweni ase-Qútángxiá, akhonjiswe emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan, umlando walo uqala ngegōngchá yesikhathi sikaTáng okuthiwa “iMvula EnePhunga Elimnandi yaseKuízhōu,” kanti omakhelwane bayo — inqaba yeNkosi Emhlophe, lapho u-Liú Bèi adlulisela khona indlalifa yakhe, kanye nogu lapho u-Dù Fǔ wabhala khona izimbongo ezingama-400. Selahlekile ezimpini zekhulu lama-20 futhi savuselelwa ngo-1991, i-Xiāngshān ubuye nobuchwepheshe obunezinyathelo ezingama-28 kanye ‘nokubhenyezela komlilo’ — ukushaywa ngamandla imizuzwana emithathu ku-110 °C, okuguqula ithiyana eliluhlaza elijwayelekile libe isigqi se-kheshinathi. Phisa emanzini anezinga lokushisa lika-85 °C e-gaiwan emhlophe — futhi uvumele iphunga leNtaba EnePhunga Elimnandi likutshele ngezimbongi, amakhosi, kanye nomfula omkhulu ogeleza emazansi kwezindawo zokutshala ithiye kakade amakhulu amathathu eminyaka.