wǔzǐ xiānháo

I-Wu Zi Xian Hao iyitiyi eluhlaza yesifundazwe saseShaanxi, edabuka esifundeni saseXixiang (西乡) esifundeni saseHanzhong (汉中), eyaziwa ngesimo sayo seqabunga esiyisicaba nesigobile ‘sefomu le-orchid’, uboya obuningi kanye nephunga le-chesnut. Ingenye yezingxenye ezisemqoka zomkhiqizo oyinhloko we-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: itiyi eliluhlaza (akuvutshelwa).
• Isigaba: CHINA-GREEN TEA · itiyi le-premium elinegama eli-ming-you (名优) · isegimenti ye-高档 (isezingeni eliphezulu).
• Imvelaphi: isifunda saseXixiang (西乡), isifunda saseHanzhong (汉中), isifundazwe saseShaanxi (陕西·汉中西乡).
• Indawo yokutshala itiyi: iJiangbei (江北) — ibhande elitiyi eliluhlaza elisenyakatho kakhulu eChina, elisecicini lwesimo sezulu, lapho ukutshalwa kwetiyi kuzinzile emngceleni wendawo yako.
• Uhlobo lwemvelaphi: itiyi lesikhathi samanje, lokukhula kwanamuhla ngokwethulwa kwezinhlobo (引种), hhayi indawo yasendulo yokutshala itiyi (古茶区); ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwenzeka cishe ngeminyaka yawo-1980.
• Igama: lihlanganisa igama lendawo elithi 午子 (wǔzǐ) nelithi «仙毫» (xiānháo) — ngokwezwi nezwi ‘uboya basemazulwini/njenge-engeli’, okugqamisa uboya obuningi bamathupha.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ingumkhiqizo we-wave yesimanje yokutshalwa kwetiyi e-Shaanxi. Ngokungafani ne-Ziyang (紫阳), udumo lwayo olubuyela emuva enkathini ye-Tang, amatiyi ase-Hanzhong anegama asungulwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, egagasi lokwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokwakhiwa kwamatiyi anegama ming-you (名优) ngawo-1980. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao yaba ngomunye wabaphambili balo mnyakazo esigodini sase-Hanjiang.

Ngaphakathi kwebhande elisenyakatho yeShaanxi, kuvela izindaba ezimbili ezihlukile: ngakolunye uhlangothi izindawo zasendulo zokutshala itiyi (古茶区) ezinomlando wokuya enkathini ye-Tang, njenge-Ziyang; ngakolunye uhlangothi amasimu esimanje asungulwa ngokwethula izinhlobo. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ingomgqa wesibili.

Ngo-2007, amatiyi aluhlaza anegama ase-Hanzhong ahlanganiswa ngaphansi komkhiqizo owodwa oyinhloko i-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫): amamaki ayezimele ngokomlando — okuhlanganisa i-Wu Zi (午子), i-Ding Jun (定军, evela esifundeni saseMianxian) kanye ne-Ningqiang (宁强) — ahlanganiswa ohlelweni olulodwa oluyinhloko. Ngemva kwalokhu, i-Wu Zi Xian Hao isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa njengegama layo lomlando kanye nomnyombo wohlu lomkhiqizo lwe-Hanzhong Xian Hao. Ukuhlanganiswa kwango-2007 kwaqinisekisa ku-Wu Zi isikhundla hhayi njengokuyivelakancane okusemnyuziyamu, kodwa njengophawu lwezentengiselwano oluphilayo lesilinganiso sesifunda, oluncike kubuntu be-selenium yase-Hanzhong nase-Ankang: «富硒» njengendikimba eyinhloko, ehlanganisa amatiyi aluhlaza ase-Shaanxi futhi iwenza ahluke kwawaseningizimu.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinhlobo/Izinhlobo Ezitshaliwe: ikakhulukazi i-福鼎大白 (fúdǐng dàbái) — i-Fuding enamaqabunga amakhulu, uhlobo lwakudala ‘olunoboya obumhlophe’, olwaziswa ngamathupha amakhulu, anoboya obukhulu — kanye nezitshalo zasendaweni eziphila ngobuningi (群体).
• Umqondo wokukhetha uhlobo: i-Fuding enamaqabunga amakhulu ikhiqiza lobo boya obukhulu, obusiliva, obuthi etiyini eseliphelele babonakale njengophawu lobumnene nohlobo, okuhlangabezana nesitayela esigcizelela i-显毫 (uboya obubonakalayo).
• Iqoqo lezinhlobo zesifunda: ngaphakathi komkhiqizo obanzi wase-Hanzhong, ezinye izinhlobo ezitshaliwe ziyingxenye yohlu lomkhiqizo — i-Longjing enamaqabunga amade (龙井长叶) kanye nenqwaba yase-Ziyang (紫阳群体) — kepha kwi-Wu Zi Xian Hao uqobo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Fuding enamaqabunga amakhulu namaqembu asendaweni kuhlala kuwumgogodla.
• Izinto Ezingavuthiwe: zobumnene obuphakeme kakhulu — ezigabeni ze-premium, ikakhulukazi ithupha elibusayo kanye nokuvunwa kwasekuqaleni.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokukhula:

• Isizinda sendawo: umcengezi wase-Hanzhong oseningizimu yezintaba ze-Qinling (秦岭), esebenza njengomngcele wesimo sezulu phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu yeChina.
• Isimo sezulu esincane: imithambeka eseningizimu ye-Qinling nezigodi zomcengezi wase-Hanjiang zinika itiyi isimo sezulu esincane esithambile nesinomswakama kunalokho obekungalindelwa endaweni esenyakatho kangaka.
• Isayensi yamakhemikhali enhlabathini: uphawu olubalulekile lwe-terroir yalo lonke ibhande lase-Hanzhong ne-Ankang-Ziyang — ukunotha kwenhlabathi nge-selenium (富硒) kanye ne-zinc (锌). Lesi simo sekhemikhali somhlaba siyisisekelo sedumela le-Ziyang Maojian njenge-「富硒」 itiyi elivela ‘esigodini se-selenium saseChina’; kwi-Wu Zi Xian Hao, ubunikazi bebhande le-selenium-zinc buyingxenye yobunikazi bayo emakethe futhi omunye womehluko wamatiyi aluhlaza ase-Shaanxi kumatiyi aseningizimu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Wu Zi Xian Hao iyitiyi eliluhlaza, okusho ukuthi alivutshelwe: ngemva kokuvuna, i-oxidation ye-enzyme iyamiswa ngokushisa (shāqīng 杀青), bese iqabunga liyakhiwa futhi lomiswe. Ngokwesitayela, itiyi lingaphansi kwamatiyi aluhlaza akhiwe abe isicaba, anokucaba okuncane kanye nejika leqabunga ‘le-orchid’ eliyingcaca.

Isimo esihlukile seqabunga eliphelele lapho likhona sichazwa njenge-微扁兰花形 显毫 — isicaba kancane, isimo esifana ne-orchid esinoboya obuphawulekayo. Lesi yisimo esimaphakathi phakathi kokucindezelwa okuqinile ‘okufana ne-Longjing’ nokushwibeka okukhululekile: iqabunga liyacindezelwa kancane, kodwa ligcina ijika lomusa elifana neqabunga le-orchid, kuyilapho lingawusuli uboya — uboya kufanele buhlale bubonakala.

Iphrofayela yenkathi yonyaka nohlobo lwetiyi — i-明前·特级 (míngqián, ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming; izinga eliphakeme kakhulu): isivuno sokuqala sasentwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela esemancane kakhulu futhi egcwele, futhi nesivuno silinganiselwe.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

• Iqabunga elomile: eluhlaza okotshani njenge-emerald enoboya obukhulu (翠绿显毫).
• Iphunga: iphunga le-chesnut (栗香) — lelo phunga ‘lokugazingiwe-kwe-chesnut’ eliyenza ihlotshaniswe namaklasiki asenyakatho aluhlaza njengamatiyi aseXinyang naseRizhao, kodwa ngokuthamba nobumnandi baseHanzhong.
• Ukunambitheka: ukunambitheka okusha okunoshukela okunambitheka emuva okuthambile nobuncane bokubaba.
• Iphrofayela yomkhiqizo oyinhloko: 「iphunga eliphakeme, ukusha okuphezulu, ubumnandi obuphakeme, ukubaba nokuncipha okuphansi」 (高香高鲜高甜低苦涩) ngesimo esibonakalayo esithi 「esicaba kancane, esizacile, esiluhlaza okotshani othambile, esinoboya」.

9. Ukwenza Itiyi:

Imihlahlandlela esebenzayo yokwenza itiyi leli eliyisicaba, elenziwe ngobumnene:

• amanzi athambile, acishe abe ngu-80–85 °C: amanzi abilayo ‘ayoshisa’ ithupha elintekenteke futhi amboze ukusha;
• isitsha — ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan ye-porcelain; ingilazi ivumela ukubukela ‘umdanso’ oqondile wamathupha;
• ubuningi bokufaka bulinganiselwe, ukugxishwa kokuqala kufushane; ibhande le-selenium-zinc linikeza itiyi ukuminyana, ngakho-ke limelana kalula nezikhathi ezimbalwa zokugxusha;
• iphrofayela enkomishini: iphunga elithambile le-chesnut, ukunambitheka okusha okunoshukela okunambitheka emuva okuthambile nobuncane bokubaba.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Isegimenti — i-高档 (isezingeni eliphezulu): itiyi elinegama, le-premium, hhayi ‘ikomityi yansuku zonke’. Imihlahlandlela yokuhlola ubuqiniso:

• Isifunda nohlobo lwemvelaphi. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao iyi-Xixiang, e-Hanzhong, e-Shaanxi, itiyi lase-Jiangbei lwanamuhla, lemvelaphi yokwethulwa, hhayi endaweni yasendulo yokutshala itiyi. Uma umdayisi ephakamisa ukuthi linomlando wentela yase-Tang — lokhu, cishe, ukudideka ne-Ziyang.
• Isimo. Bheka iqabunga ‘le-orchid’ elicabalele kancane elinoboya obubonakalayo (微扁兰花形 显毫). Lokhu kulehlukanisa kokubili kusimo sika-Longjing esicaba ngokuphelele, nakumatiyi asenyakatho aluhlaza asontekile/ayisi-spiral (njengamaningi ase-Rizhao).
• Umbala kanye nephunga. Iqabunga elomile eliluhlaza njenge-emerald elinoboya obukhulu; enkomishini — iphunga le-chesnut elinobumnandi obuthambile nokubaba okuphansi.
• Ngaphakathi komkhiqizo. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ingumnyombo we-Hanzhong Xian Hao; eduze kwayo ohlelweni oluyinhloko kukhona i-Ding Jun Ming Mei (isimo esiyisicaba-‘njengeshidi’ esivela eMianxian) kanye ne-Ningqiang Que She (‘ulimi lukandlunkulu’ oluvela eNingqiang). Hlukanisa phakathi kwazo ngesifunda semvelaphi kanye nesimo seqabunga.
• Inkomba ye-terroir. Ubunikazi bebhande le-selenium-zinc lase-Hanzhong — Ankang kuyingxenye enengqondo yencazelo yamatiyi aluhlaza ase-Shaanxi; kwenza i-Wu Zi Xian Hao ihlobane ne-Ziyang Mao Jian ngokwesayensi yamakhemikhali enhlabathini, kodwa hhayi ngokomlando nangesimo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakaselayo:

• I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ikhona ngaphansi kwesihlangu somkhiqizo oyinhloko wesifunda i-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫); eshalofini, i-Wu Zi Xian Hao kanye ne-Hanzhong Xian Hao ejwayelekile zivame ukuhlangana — eyokuqala iwuphawu oluqondile lwase-Xixiang ngaphakathi kweyesibili.
• Ubunikazi bebhande le-selenium-zinc kwenza i-Wu Zi Xian Hao ihlobane ne-Ziyang Mao Jian ngokwesayensi yamakhemikhali enhlabathini, kodwa hhayi ngokomlando nangesimo seqabunga.