Wùyuán Xiān Zhī

I-Wùyuán Xiān Zhī — omunye wabameleli abavelele besiko letiye lesifunda sase-Wùyuán, esidume ngamatiiye aluhlaza kusukela emandulo. Igama elithi «Xiān Zhī» (仙枝, “igatsha lasezulwini”) liphindelela emuva ohlwini lwamatiiye adumile ase-Huīzhōu, olulotshwe encwadini ethi «Hóngzhì Huīzhōu fǔ zhì» (弘治徽州府志) ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, lapho «xiān zhī» kubalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zamatiiye angamahlamvu nahlanganisiwe esifundazweni. I-Wùyuán Xiān Zhī yesimanje — yitiye eliluhlaza lwasentabeni elimsulwa elinephunga elimnandi lamakhesthinuthi nobumnandi obuthambile, obuqabulayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingabilisiwe), 炒青 (chǎoqīng — itiye elungiswa ngokugazinga ebhodweni).
• Isigaba: Itiye lesifunda elidume lendawo (地方名茶, dìfāng míngchá) ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-«Wùyuán Lǜchá» (婺源绿茶, Wùyuán Lǜchá) — itiye elinenkomba yendawo evikelekile (地理标志产品).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Jiāngxī (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng), umkhandlu wedolobha wase-Shàngráo (上饶市, Shàngráo Shì), isifunda sase-Wùyuán (婺源县, Wùyuán Xiàn). Indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza — uhla lwezintaba i-Dà Zhāng Shān (大鄣山, Dà Zhāng Shān) kanye namadolobhana aseduze: Duànshēn (段莘), Xīkǒu (溪口), Qīnghuá (清华), Tuóchuān (沱川), Zhèyuán (浙源) kanye namanye asezindaweni eziyishumi nesithupha eziyingxenye yendawo evikelekile.
• Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: Cishe 29°01′–29°35′ N, 117°22′–118°11′ E (ngokomngcele wendawo yenkomba yejografi ye-«Wùyuán Lǜchá»).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Isifunda sase-Wùyuán sinomlando wobufakazi bokutshalwa kwetiye obungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1200. Encwadini ka-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) yenkathi ye-Tang ethi «Chájīng» (茶经) kuyaphawulwa ukuthi e-Shēzhōu (歙州, Shēzhōu — okuyiyunithi yokuphatha yangaleso sikhathi eyayihlanganisa ne-Wùyuán) “itiye likhula ezigodini zezintaba zase-Wùyuán” (茶生婺源山谷). Encwadini ethi «Shànfū Jīngshǒu Lù» (膳夫经手录) ka-Yáng Huá (杨华) yenkathi ye-Tang (isikhathi sika-Dàzhōng, 大中, cishe ngo-856 C.E.) kushiwo ngqo ukuthi “itiye elihlanganisiwe lase-Wùyuán (婺源方茶) lenziwe kahle kakhulu, lingenakuhlanganiswa kwamahlamvu ezihlahla; kusukela e-Liáng kuya e-Sòng, kusukela e-Yān kuya e-Bìng abantu balazisa kakhulu.” Igama elithi «Xiān Zhī» (仙枝) liqala ukuvela encwadini ethi «Hóngzhì Huīzhōu fǔ zhì» (弘治徽州府志, cishe ngo-1488–1505) yenkathi ye-Míng: phakathi kwezinhlobo zetiye zendawo kubalwa «Shèngjīn, Nènsāng, Xiān Zhī, Láiquán, Zhūchūn, Yùnhé, Huáyīng» (胜金、嫩桑、仙枝、来泉、朱春、运合、华英). Ngenkathi ye-Míng itiye lase-Wùyuán lalethwa enkantolo njenge-gòngchá (贡茶, gòngchá). Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 umcwaningi waseMelika u-William Ukers encwadini ethi «All About Tea» wabiza itiye eliluhlaza lase-Wùyuán ngokuthi “hhayi kuphela elihle kakhulu kusigaba se-lǜchá, kodwa futhi liphakeme ngekhwalithi kuwo wonke amatiiye aluhlaza ase-China.” Ngo-2008 i-«Wùyuán Lǜchá» yathola isimo senkomba yendawo evikelekile (Isimemezelo se-122 sango-2008 sehhovisi lokuqala lokuhlola izinga likahulumeni). Ngo-2010 — isimo senkomba yejografi yezolimo yoMnyango Wezolimo we-China. Ngo-2020 itiye eliluhlaza lase-Wùyuán lafakwa ohlwini lokuqala lwezinkomba zejografi ezivunyelwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-China ne-EU. Ngo-2024 — lingene ezingeni likazwelonke le-brand eziyikhulu eziphezulu zesifunda (地理标志) zase-China.
• Igama: 婺源 (Wùyuán) — igama lesifunda, ngokwezwi nezwi “umthombo womfula i-Wù” (婺江); 仙 (xiān) — “wasezulwini”, “ongafi”; 枝 (zhī) — “igatsha”, “ihlumela”. Igama elithi «Xiān Zhī» lichazwa ngesimo setiye esilungisiwe: amahlamvu etiye omisiwe afana nezimpintsha eziqondile, ezacile eziqonde phezulu, okungathi “amagatsha asezulwini”. Kukhona futhi ukubhalwa kokwahluka okuthi «仙芝» (xiānzhī — “ikhowe lasemazulwini i-lingzhī”), kodwa 仙枝 (“igatsha lasezulwini”) kuyindlela yokubhala esemthethweni.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Wùyuán yindawo okwazalelwa kuyo u-Zhū Xī (朱熹, Zhū Xī, 1130–1200), isazi sefilosofi esiyinhloko se-neo-Confucian, esasishisekela itiye futhi sasizibiza ngokuthi “ongafi wetiye” (茶仙, cháxiān). Isifunda besiyingxenye ye-Huīzhōu (徽州, Huīzhōu) — esinye sezifunda eziyinhloko zamasiko e-China — kusukela ngekhulu lesi-8 kuze kube ngo-1934. Isiko letiye lapha lihlanganiswe ngokungenakwehlukaniswa namasiko abahwebi base-Huīzhōu: ngabahwebi base-Huīzhōu abakhipha itiye eliluhlaza lase-Wùyuán emakethe yamazwe omhlaba ngekhulu le-19 ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«Wùlǜ» (婺绿 — “okuluhlaza kwase-Wùyuán”). Ingxenye yetiye elidumile elithi «Túnxī Lǜchá» (屯溪绿茶 — “Túnlǜ”) ngokomlando lalikhiqizwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Wùyuán. Namuhla isifunda sizichaza ngokuthi “indawo yasemakhaya enhle kakhulu e-China” (中国最美的乡村), kanti itiye liwuphawu lwaso: indawo yezivande zetiye idlula ama-mǔ ayi-168,000 (cishe amahektha ayi-11,200), ukukhiqizwa kwetiye lasentwasahlobo ngonyaka — ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-7,400.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Uhlobo lwembewu / Uhlobo olitshaliwe: Isisekelo sokutshalwa sakhiwa izinhlobo zendawo eziyimiphakathi (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng), ezijwayela indawo yasentabeni emakhulwini eminyaka. Phakathi kwazo kugqama uhlobo lwe-Shàng Méizhōu (上梅洲, Shàng Méizhōu) — uhlobo olungafakwanga oluthuthukiswe edolobhaneni i-Shàng Méizhōu esigodini sase-Méilín esifundeni sase-Wùyuán. Lesi sitshalo siyisihlahla esinamahlamvu amakhulu, esivuthwa kusenesikhathi, esinamahlumela aminyene anoboya; siwuhlobo oluyisilinganiso sezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-«Wùyuán Míngméi» (婺源茗眉) edumile. Nge-Xiān Zhī kusetshenziswa nezithombo zalolu hlobo nezinye ezifanayo zendawo.
• Ukuvunwa: Ukuvunwa okuyinhloko — kwasentwasahlobo, kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi no-April (ngaphambi nangemuva kwe-Qīngmíng). Ezingxenyeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu — ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (míngqián, 明前, míng qián). Amasimu asezintabeni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-800) avame ukuvunwa kancane kamuva ngenxa yokukhula sekwephuzile.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa namahlamvu amabili aphezulu (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè), asanda kuqala ukuvuleka (初展, chūzhǎn). Nge-Xiān Zhī kubalulekile ukuphelela kwehlumela, ubusha bawo kanye nokuntuleka kokulimala kwemishini.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela kufanele alingane ngobude nombala, angenamahlamvu ansomi, angenakulimala okubangelwa izinambuzane, angenakungcola kwezinye izitshalo.

4. Indawo yetshalo nezici zokukhuliswa:

• Ukuphakama kokukhula: Kusukela kumamitha angama-200 kuya kwayi-1,630 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle (iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu — isiqongo se-Zhānggōngshān, 鄣公山, amamitha ayi-1,629.8). Izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-Xiān Zhī zivunwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme kusukela kumamitha angama-800 kuya kwayi-1,000 nangaphezulu.
• Ubume bendawo: Isifunda sitholakala ekuhlanganeni kwezifundazwe ezintathu (Jiāngxī, Ānhuī, Zhèjiāng), sizungezwe izintaba ze-Huáiyùshān (怀玉山) ne-Huángshān (黄山). Izintaba zithatha ngaphezu kwama-85% endawo; isisho sendawo sithi: “izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili nengxenye — izintaba, eyodwa — amasimu, ingxenye — imifula nezingadi” (八分半山一分田，半分水路和庄园).
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sase-subtropical monsoon, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi lingu-16.7 °C. Kuyisici isisho esithi “ngezinsuku ezicwathile ekuseni nantambama — inkungu yonke indawo, ngezinsuku ezinamafu — amafu kuzo zonke izintaba” (晴时早晚遍地雾，阴雨成天满山云). Ukuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile kusiza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid.
• Imvula: Cishe amamilimitha ayi-1,800 ngonyaka, kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo.
• Inhlabathi: Kugcwele inhlabathi ebomvu-ophuzi (红黄壤, hóng huáng rǎng) ene-pH engu-4.5–6.5, enongqimba olujulile lwe-humus, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo namandla amahle okukhipha amanzi. Cishe ama-90% enhlabathi yezingadi zetiye angalolu hlobo.
• Imvelo: Amahlathi esifunda acishe abe ngu-86%. Amasimu amaningi atholakala endaweni yemvelo yamahlathi amahlamvu abanzi, okwakha izimo “zomthunzi wemvelo” kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, okunciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Wùyuán Xiān Zhī — ingummeli ojwayelekile wesikole sase-Huīzhōu setiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe (炒青, chǎoqīng). Ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla ngezinga “lokukhetha okune” (四选, sì xuǎn) — ukukhetha ingadi, isihlahla, igatsha nehlumela. Kuyasebenza umthetho “wezinqabelo eziyisishiyagalombili” (八不采, bā bù cǎi): ungavuni okungahambisani nezinga, ungavuni amahlumela azacile kakhulu noma amakhulu kakhulu, ungavuni amahlamvu agulayo nalimele, ungavuni amahlumela angenazo izinhlumela eziphambili, ungavuni amahlumela anezindawo eziphakathi ezinde, ungavuni amahlamvu anezimpaphelo nawezinselo, ungavuni emvuleni, ungavuni phakathi nokushisa kwemini okukhulu.
• Ukuthela / Ukubuna (摊青, tānqīng): Amahlumela asanda kuvunwa athelwa ngongqimba oluncane kuma-tray kabambu endaweni epholile, enomoya. Inqubo ithatha amahora ama-4–8 (hhayi ngaphezu kwayi-10). Ihlamvu liphulukisa ukucwazimula kwangaphandle, lithambe, umswakama wehlela ku-70–72%, kuvele iphunga elincane elisha.
• Ukulungiswa / Shāqīng (杀青, shāqīng): Isigaba esiyinhloko — ukugazinga ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ebhodweni (i-wok eyisicaba). Izinga lokushisa lezindonga lingu-110–200 °C ngokomgomo othi “kuqala liphakeme, bese liba liphansi” (先高后低). Isisindo sokugazinga ngesandla — cishe amagremu angama-220–250. Emaminithini okuqala ali-1–2 — ukugovuza kancane ukuze kufudumale ngokushesha; bese — ukuphonsela phezulu okunamandla ukuze kukhishwe umswakama nephunga lotshani. Ngemva kwemizuzu engaba-5 ihlamvu liba mnyama lisuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo liya kokuluhlaza okumnyama, lithambe, kuvele iphunga lokuqala letiye. Ukuqukethwe umswakama kwehlela ku-~60%.
• Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kwakha isakhiwo samaseli, kwembula amajusi futhi kunikeza isimo sehlamvu letiye. Kudinga ikhono eliphezulu — ngezinga lokucindezela kuncike ukugcwala kwephunga lokumnandisa kwesiphuzo esizayo.
• Ukubumba / Zuòxíng (做形, zuòxíng): Ukunikeza i-Xiān Zhī isimo sayo esiyisici — amagatshana amancane aqondile asongwe ngokuqinile.
• Ukumiswa kokuqala (初烘, chū hōng): Ukomiswa kwangaphambilini ngezinga lokushisa eliphakathi.
• Ukuphumula / Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng): Ukwabiwa kabusha komswakama osele ngaphakathi kwehlamvu.
• Ukumiswa kokugcina nokunambitheka (复烘/提香, fù hōng / tíxiāng): Ukomiswa kuze kube umswakama ozinzile (~6–7%) kanye “nokuphakamisa iphunga” — isigaba esakha amanothi ayisici we-cast nut (栗香, lìxiāng).

6. Izici Zokunambitha:

• Ukubukeka kwehlamvu elomile: Amahlamvu etiye amancane, aqondile, asongwe ngokuqinile, afana nezinaliti zikaphayini noma amagatshana. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani omnyama ocacile (翠绿, cuìlǜ) nokucwebezela okunamafutha. Izintambo ezimhlophe (uboya obumhlophe, 白毫, báiháo) ziyabonakala phezulu, ikakhulukazi ezisekelweni zamahlumela.
• Iphunga lehlamvu elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme, linethoni ecacile ye-cast nut (栗香) kanye nethoni elula yezimbali zasendle.
• Iphunga lokuphisa: Lizinzile futhi lihlanzekile. Kugqama i-cast nut eyosiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), ehambisana nethoni ecashile ye-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Iphunga lihlala likhona phakathi nokuphisa okuningana.
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okuthambile, nobumnandi obugqamile nomzimba oqinile. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva kukhona isikhathi eside, nobumnandi obukhulayo (回甘, huígān) nomuzwa wokuhlanzeka.
• Umbala wokuphisa: Uhlanzekile, ukhanyayo, kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuya kokuluhlaza okuphuzi (碧绿清澈明亮). Ukukhanya kwamanzi kuphezulu.
• Ihlamvu letiye elisetshenzisiwe (叶底, yèdǐ): Liluhlaza ngobumnene, lilingene, linesakhiwo esilondolozwe kahle sehlumela namahlamvu amabili amancane. Amahlamvu athambile futhi anwebekayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Okuqukethwe — ngokwesilinganiso cishe ama-20–27% wesisindo esomile (kuyisici samatiiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eziphakeme zase-Jiāngxī). Ingxenye eyinhloko — ama-catechin (EGCG, EGC, ECG), anikeza ithoni ebambekayo namandla okulwa nama-oxidant.
• Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸): Okuqukethwe okukhuphukile — imininingwane ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tea Research Institute (中国农业科学院茶叶研究所, 2005) ikhombise ukuthi kumatiiye aluhlaza ase-Wùyuán inkomba ye-catechin — ingelinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu ezweni lonke, kanti okuqukethwe kwezinto ezincibilika emanzini ezikhiphekayo kudlula kakhulu izinga likazwelonke (水浸出物 ≥ 36.0%). I-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) — i-amino acid eyinhloko, ebhekene nobumnandi bokunambitheka nomphumela wokuthulisa — iqongelela kakhulu ngenxa yenkungu yezintaba nokukhanya okuhlakazekile.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine (咖啡碱) — ~2–4% wesisindo esomile. I-Theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
• Amavithamini: C (i-ascorbic acid), B₁, B₂, E, K. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kukavithamini C — kuyisici esivelele samatiiye aluhlaza, awugcina ngenxa yokuphathwa kahle kokushisa.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride, i-zinc, i-selenium (ngamanani ancane, kuncike enhlabathini).
• Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela eziguqukayo: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerolidol, i-methyl salicylate — zibhekene namathoni e-cast nut nezimbali ephungeni.
• Isici esivelele: Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, amatiiye aluhlaza ase-Wùyuán abonakala ngokuqukethwe okukhethekile okuphezulu kwezinto ezincibilika emanzini ezikhiphekayo ngokuphakathi kwama-polyphenol, okwakha iphrofayili yokunambitheka “egcwele, kodwa ethambile”.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

• Umthelela wokulwa nama-oxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) kunikeza ukuvikelwa okunamandla kwamangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.
• Ukuqinisa umzimba okuthambile nokugxilisa ingqondo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukuphapama okuzolile, okulinganayo ngaphandle kokujabula okukhulu — “ukugxila kwetiye” okuvamile.
• Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuphuza itiye eliluhlaza njalo kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwezinga le-cholesterol “embi” (LDL) kanye nokwenyuka kokunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukugaya ukudla: Ama-Polyphenol ashukumisa ukunyakaza kwamathumbu futhi asekele i-microflora enempilo yamathumbu. Itiye lihamba kahle nokudla okulula.
• Isimo somlomo: I-Fluoride nama-catechin anomphumela omncane wokulwa namagciwane futhi asiza ekugcineni impilo yezinsini.
• Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine isiza ekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise isimo sokugxila okukhululekile.
• Isikhumba nobudala bamangqamuzana: Ama-Antioxidant etiye eliluhlaza anciphisa ukuguga kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukukhanya.
• Kubalulekile: Abantu abazwela kakhulu ku-caffeine kufanele bazilinganisele; akunconywa ukuphuza itiye eliluhlaza eliqine esiswini esingenalutho.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–85 °C. Ezingxenyeni ezithambile zasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — 75–80 °C; ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezivuthiwe kakhudlwana — kufika ku-85 °C.
• Inani letiye: Amagremu ama-3 kumamililitha ayi-150 (ngengilazi yengilazi) noma amagremu ama-5 nge-gàiwǎn yamamililitha ayi-150.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi esobala enezindonga eziqondile (ilungele ukubuka ukuvuleka kwamagatshana etiye), i-gàiwǎn ye-porcelain noma i-teapot ye-porcelain enezindonga ezincane.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachitha amanzi.
  2. Thela ihlamvu elomile; liyeke “livuke” esitsheni esifudumele imizuzwana eli-15–20, uphefumule iphunga lehlamvu elifudunyeziwe.
  3. Ukuphisa kokuqala: thela amanzi angu-75–80 °C aze afike ezingxenyeni ezi-2/3 zomthamo, ulinde imizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Thela ezinkomishini.
  5. Ukuphisa kwesibili nokulandelayo: yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eli-10–15 lapho uqhubeka nokuphisa. Lapho wenza itiye engilazini ngendlela yaseYurophu: imizuzu eli-1.5–2.5 ekuphiseni kokuqala.
  6. Inani lokuphisa: 4–6 (ku-gàiwǎn); uma uciyisa engilazini — ukuthela kabusha okungu-2–3.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha: Esivaleka kahle, esingabonisi — kungcono amakani kathayela anezembozo eziqinile noma izikhwama ze-vacuum ze-foil. Akwamukelekile ukuhlangana namaphunga angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu — esiqandisini, 0–5 °C, emaphaketheni avaliwe. Uma singekho isiqandisi — endaweni epholile neyomile (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-10 °C).
• Ukukhanya nomswakama: Izitha zetiye eliluhlaza. Gcina kude nokukhanya okuqondile nemithombo yomswakama.
• Isikhathi: Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu — sebenzisa kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-6–12 ngemuva kokukhiqizwa. I-Xiān Zhī — akulona itiye elizuza ngokuguga; ubusha lapha — kungukunqoba okuyinhloko.

11. Intengo Nobuqili:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye ephakathi nephakathi nendawo ephezulu phakathi kwamatiiye aluhlaza ase-China. Izinkampani zasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (明前) ezivela emasimini asezintabeni eziphakeme zase-Dà Zhāng Shān zibiza kakhulu kunezivuno zasehlobo. I-Xiān Zhī — ingelinye lamatiiye anentengo efinyeleleka kakhulu ohlwini lwe-«Wùyuán Lǜchá», elingaphansi kwezindleko ze-«Wùyuán Míngméi» (婺源茗眉) esezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:
  • Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile abanophawu lwenkomba yejografi ethi «婺源绿茶» kanye nophawu lwe-GI (地理标志).
  • Hlola ukubukeka: i-Xiān Zhī yangempela — amagatshana amancane aqondile anoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo, umbala — uluhlaza ngamafutha, hhayi ophuzi ophaphathekile.
  • Hlola iphunga: amanothi e-cast nut kufanele abe ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kobukhali bokwenziwa. Ukunambitheka — kuyindlela evamile yokukhwabanisa.
  • Hlola ukuphisa: kucacile, kuluhlaza ngokukhanyayo, ngaphandle kokudideka. Ukuphisa okudidekile noma okunsundu kukhombisa ikhwalithi ephansi yezinto ezingavuthiwe noma ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — kuyisizathu sokuqaphela: kungenzeka kube nokufakwa esikhundleni ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane (ezingengxenyeni yendawo ye-GI) noma ukupakishwa kabusha kwetiye lonyaka odlule.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Igama elithi «Xiān Zhī» lineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-500 yobudala bamadokhumenti: libhalwe phansi ku-Míng «Hóngzhì Huīzhōu fǔ zhì» (弘治徽州府志, ukuphela kwekhulu le-15) ohlwini lwamatiiye ayisishiyagalombili adumile esifunda sase-Huīzhōu.
• Indodana edumile yase-Wùyuán — u-Zhū Xī (朱熹, 1130–1200), insika ye-Neo-Confucianism, — wayengumthandi wamandla wetiye. Lapho ebuya e-Fújiàn ezweni lakubo, wafika nezithombo zetiye lamatshe ase-Wǔyán futhi wazitshala egcekeni lokhokho, waqamba kabusha indlu yomndeni ngokuthi “Igceke Letiye” (茶院, cháyuàn).
• I-Wùyuán ngokomlando ibiyingxenye ye-Huīzhōu — “izwe elincane” eliyinganekwane labathengisi base-Huīzhōu (徽商, huīshāng). Yibo ekhulwini le-19 abakhipha itiye eliluhlaza lase-Wùyuán emakethe yomhlaba. Ingxenye yetiye elidumile elithi «Túnxī Lǜchá» (屯溪绿茶) lalikhiqizwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Wùyuán.
• Esifundeni sase-Wùyuán kusekhona amathempeli omndeni angaphezu kwe-113 (祠堂), izindlu zokuhlala eziyi-28 namabhuloho amadala ayi-187 enkathi ye-Míng ne-Qīng — lokhu kungenye yezindawo ezihle kakhulu zezakhiwo zendabuko zase-Huīzhōu e-China. Izingadi zetiye zihlanganiswe kahle nalesi siza, okwenza i-Wùyuán ibe yindawo ehehayo yezokuvakasha kwetiye namasiko.
• Ngokwemininingwane ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2005), itiye eliluhlaza lase-Wùyuán linenkomba ye-catechin ephakeme kunazo zonke phakathi kwamanye amatiiye afanayo ezweni lonke — lokhu yinhlanganisela eyivelakancane yamandla anamandla okulwa nama-antioxidant kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiiye aluhlaza:

• Wùyuán Míngméi (婺源茗眉, Wùyuán Míngméi): Ifulegi lomkhankaso wetiye lase-Wùyuán. Ivunwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile (ihlumela elilodwa nehlamvu elilodwa noma ihlumela elinehlamvu lokuqala elivulekayo), inesimo esigobile, esifana nokhiye (眉). Ukunambitheka kucashile futhi kuthambile, intengo iphezulu. I-Xiān Zhī — iwuhlobo “oluthandwa abantu abaningi”: inamandla, igcwele, inesici esigqamile se-cast nut.
• Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Ānhuī elidumile elivela esifundeni esingumakhelwane. Isimo — sigobile kancane, sifana nolimi lwenkonjane. Iphunga — linuka izimbali ngobumnene futhi linoshukela, ngaphandle kwamathoni e-cast nut. I-Máofēng — i-bèi-qīng (烘青, hōngqīng — yomiswa ngokushisa), kanti i-Xiān Zhī — i-chǎoqīng (炒青 — igazingiwe).
• Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hénán elinoboya obumhlophe obunamandla nokunambitheka okumunyu futhi okuqinile. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Xiān Zhī — linamandla futhi “lisenyakatho” ngesimo; i-Xiān Zhī ithambile futhi inomzimba obushelelezi.
• Lúshān Yún Wù (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yún Wù): Omunye umbangi wase-Jiāngxī. Ngokwemibandela, ihlamvu “elikhudlwana” ngokungathi, ukunambitheka okunamandla nokugcwele. I-Xiān Zhī — inhle futhi eyomile ngokwesitayela.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Wùyuán Xiān Zhī — yitiye elinohlu lozalo lweminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, elikhula phakathi kwazo lezo zintaba nenkungu, okwakhuthaza u-Zhū Xī nabathengisi base-Huīzhōu. Akulona “umuntu othulile” lapho kuqhathaniswa namagama amakhulu afana no-Lóngjǐng noma i-Máofēng — yitiye “elizwakalayo” ngempela: eliqondile, elithembekile, elinemfudumalo yamantongomane ephungeni nobumnandi obumsulwa ekunambithekeni. Lenzise engilazini yengilazi, ubuke ukuthi “amagatsha asezulwini” amancane ehla ngokunensa aye phansi, — futhi uzoqonda ukuthi kungani eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu edlule lase libhekwa njengelifanele ukubalulwa emibhalweni yomlando.