Wūniú Zǎo · new.thetea.app

I-Wūniú Zǎo ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza okuqala kakhulu e-China, edlula idolobha elidumile i-Sī Hú Lóngjǐng ngenyanga ephelele. Igama layo selivezile isici salo esiyinhloko: «早» (zǎo) — «okokuqala». Leli tiye, elinomlando wokutshalwa ongaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu, liwuphawu lwesifunda sase-Yongjia esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang, futhi liwumkhiqizo kazwelonke ovikelwe ngendawo yawo. Livame ukubizwa ngokuthi «itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo eningizimu ye-Yangtze» (早春江南第一茶).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ukulungiswa ngokwe-«杀青» (shāqīng) — uketshezi lokuhlanganisa ngokushisisa (炒青, chǎoqīng).
Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lesifunda (名茶, míngchá) elinendawo evikelwe ngokwasemthethweni (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Amazinga kazwelonke — GB/T 20360-2006 «I-Wūniú Zǎo Chá». Umkhiqizo uvikelwe ngegama lemvelaphi kusukela ngo-2004 (kugunyazwe yi-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ye-PRC).
Umsuka: China, isifundazwe i-Zhejiang (浙江省, Zhèjiāng Shěng), idolobha elingaphansi kukamasipala i-Wenzhou (温州市, Wēnzhōu Shì), isifunda i-Yongjia (永嘉县, Yǒngjiā Xiàn). Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza: idolobhana i-Wuniu (乌牛镇, Wūniú Zhèn, manje esiwumgwaqo i-Wuniu, 乌牛街道), idolobhana i-Lodong (罗东乡), isifunda i-Sanjiang (三江街道) kanye nezindawo eziseduze emfuleni osezingeni eliphansi i-Nanxi (楠溪江, Nánxī Jiāng), osebeni olusenyakatho yoMfula i-Oujiang (瓯江, Ōu Jiāng).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 28.15° N, 120.69° E (indawo yase-Wuniu, isifunda i-Yongjia).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: I-Wūniú Zǎo inomlando obhaliwe wokutshalwa ongaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Ngokusho kwemibhalo yendawo, eminyakeni engaba amakhulu amabili edlule kwakuyisihlahla setiye sasendle esatholakala eNtabeni i-Changjialing (长夹岭) phakathi kwamadolobhana i-Banling (半岭村) esigodini sase-Oubei kanye ne-Lingxia (岭下村) edolobhaneni lase-Wuniu. Umlimi u-Jin Zehong (金则洪) wedolobhana i-Longtou (龙头村) esigodini sase-Oubei ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwabakhwenyana wabona ethafeni isihlahla esinamandla futhi esiphaphama kusenesikhathi, wasimba ndawonye nesigaxa somhlabathi wasithuthela endaweni yakhe. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sasikhiqiza amahlumela ngosuku lwe-Chunfen (春分) — ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo — sathola igama elithi «Wūniú Zǎo» (乌牛早, «okokuqala kwase-Wuniu»). Abantu bendawo babesibiza nangokuthi «Lingxia Cha» (岭下茶, «itiye elivela ngaphansi kwentaba»).

Emashumini eminyaka, lolu hlobo lwasabalala ezindaweni zase-Lodong nase-Wuniu futhi lwaba yisivuno esiyinhloko sesifunda. Ngawo-1930, kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-Wūniú Zǎo, kwakhiqizwa i-chaoqing, okwathi ngemva kokuhlanzwa yakhishwa ngophawu oluthi «Tian Du Zhenmei» (天都珍眉) futhi yathengiswa e-Shanghai, lapho yayithengiswa ngezinhlamvu zesiliva eziyi-10 ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezifanayo ezivela e-Huizhou (徽州). Ngemva kweminyaka yawo-1950, lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zazisetshenziselwa ukwenza itiye elibomvu i-mao cha, i-hongqing ne-chaoqing. Nokho, lolu hlobo lwalahleka kakhulu futhi lwavuselelwa ngo-1985 kuphela. Ngo-1988 umkhiqizo othi «Wūniú Zǎo Lóngjǐng» (乌牛早龙井) waphumelela ukuhlolwa kwesifundazwe komkhiqizo omusha e-Hangzhou futhi wathola igama elisemthethweni elithi «Yongjia Wūniú Zǎo» (永嘉乌牛早). Ngo-1994 edolobhaneni lase-Wuniu kwasungulwa indawo yamasimu etiye aqhubekayo angamahektha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Ngo-1995 itiye laklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide embukisweni wesibili wezolimo we-China kanye nendondo yegolide embukisweni wokudla osezingeni eliphezulu wase-Hong Kong. Ngo-2002 kwatholwa isitifiketi sikazwelonke «somkhiqizo oluhlaza» (绿色食品). Mhla ziyi-13 kuZibandlela 2004 i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ye-PRC yagunyaza ukuvikelwa kwegama lemvelaphi le-«Wūniú Zǎo Chá». Njengamanje, isifunda i-Yongjia sinamasimu etiye e-Wūniú Zǎo acishe abe ngu-5 万 mu (~3333 ha) nomthamo omaphakathi wonyaka obalelwa ezigidini ezi-3 zama-yuan.
Igama: Igama liqukethe izinhlamvu ezintathu: «乌» (wū) — «mnyama, omnyama» kanye no-«牛» (niú) — «inkabi» akha igama lendawo i-Wuniu (乌牛) — igama ledolobhana (manje elingumgwaqo) esifundeni sase-Yongjia, okuthiwa lisuselwa etsheni elisogwini lwe-Oujiang elifana nenkabi emnyama; «早» (zǎo) — «okokuqala» — libonisa isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo: ukuphaphama kusenesikhathi kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni sase-Yongjia kunenganekwane elimibalabala elixhumanisa umsuka wetiye no-bodhisattva uGuanyin (观音). Ngokwenganekwane, ehlathini lika-Guanyin elinoqalo esiqhingini sase-Putuo kwakukhula isihlahla setiye saphezulu esinephunga elimangalisayo. Ngelinye ilanga, inkabi yezulu, ihehwe yilo leli phunga elimnandi, yantshontsha ihlamvu yabaleka. U-Guanyin wayisingela yaze yafika ogwini oluhle lwe-Oujiang, lapho ashaya khona inkabi wayiphendula itshe, kanti ihlamvu elitshontshiwe lawela ezintabeni futhi laqala izihlahla zetiye zase-Wuniu. I-Yongjia inesihloko esihloniphekile esithi «Izwe Letiye lase-China le-Wūniú Zǎo» (中国乌牛早之乡). Idolobhana i-Xingchan (行禅村) esifundeni sase-Sanjiang laba yinto yocwaningo lwe-UNESCO njengesibonelo sokuphumelela kwabalimi ekuphumeni ebuphofini ngenxa yokukhiqiza itiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. sinensis.
Izinhlobo / Uhlobo lwembewu: I-Wūniú Zǎo (乌牛早), ebhaliswe futhi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Jiaming-1 (嘉茗1号, Jiāmíng yī hào) — uhlobo lwe-clone (无性系, wúxìngjì), olukhiqizwe ngokukhetha ngamunye kubantu bendawo base-Yongjia. Izimpawu zezitshalo: uhlobo lwesihlahla (灌木型), ubukhulu obuphakathi beqabunga (中叶类), isikhathi sokukhula okuqala kakhulu (特早生种, tè zǎo shēng zhǒng). Isimo sokusabalala (半开展), amagatsha aminyene ngokuphakathi. Iqabunga liyi-elliptic, liluhlaza, licwebezela ngokuphawulekayo, ubuso bukhukhumala kancane. Amahlumela nezithupha zikhulu, ziyinyama. Izimbali ziyizodwa noma zingamaqoqo amanga ezimbali, umqhele unobubanzi obungaba ngu-~35 × 29 mm, amacembe ayi-6–7, ama-sepal ayi-4–5. Ithela kancane. Ukumelana nobusika kuphakeme.
Ukuvuna: Kuseqophelweni eliphezulu kakhulu: ukuqala kokuvuna — kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaNhlolanja (cishe mhla zingama-25 kuNhlolanja), ukuphela — kungadluli u-5 Ephreli (Qingming, 清明). Isivuno sonke siwuyi-«tiye langaphambi kwe-Qingming» (明前茶, míngqián chá). Isikhathi esiphelele sesikhathi sokuvuna cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-50. Izithupha ezilele ziqala ukuphaphama lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi lansuku zonke lisukela ku-8°C. I-Wūniú Zǎo idlula i-Xi Hu Longjing ngezinsuku ezingama-30–40.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ezingeni eliphezulu (特级) — isithupha esisodwa neqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Ezingeni lokuqala nelesibili — isithupha esisodwa kanye namaqabunga amabili esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽二叶初展). Ukuvuna ngesandla, ngendlela «yokukhipha ngokuphakamisa» (提手采). Amahlumela kufanele afane ngosayizi, angenawo amaqabunga ezinhlanzi (鱼叶), iziqu nezinto ezingezona ezamukelekile. Kumagremu angama-500 etiye elisezingeni eliphezulu elilungile, kudingeka amahlumela amasha angaba ngu-22 000.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Zisanda kuvunwa, ziphelele, zingalimele futhi zingashisi ngokweqile. Ukulethwa kusuka esimini kuya efektri kufanele kusheshe kakhulu, ukuze kugwenywe ukuqala kwe-oxidation yemvelo.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amasimu amaningi asemagqumeni aphansi nasemithambekeni ethambile ngasemifuleni i-Nanxi ne-Oujiang ekuphakameni okusuka kumamitha angama-50 kuya kwangama-300 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi minyaka yonke — 18.3°C, ukuhluka kwaminyaka yonke — cishe 20°C. Isamba samazinga okushisa asebenzayo angaphezu kuka-8°C — 5742.5°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngenyanga ebanda kakhulu — 8.1°C. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-282. Isamba semvula minyaka yonke — cishe 1500–1800 mm, isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo.
Ukukhanya kwelanga: Isikhathi esiphakathi sokukhanya kwelanga minyaka yonke — amahora angu-1798.9 (isilinganiso samahora angu-4.9 ngosuku), iphesenti lokukhanya kwelanga — cishe 41%, okuhle ekuqumbeleni izinto ezinotrogeni nezinephunga eqabungeni letiye.
Isimo sezulu esincane: Ukusondela koLwandle Olusempumalanga ye-China kunikeza umswakama ophakeme. Izintaba ezizungezile izigodi zase-Nanxi zakha inkungu evamile nokukhanya okuhlakazekile — izimo ezinhle kakhulu zeqabunga letiye elisezingeni. Intwasahlobo ifika kusenesikhathi, okuyisona sizathu sokuvuthwa okumangalisayo kwe-Wūniú Zǎo.
Inhlabathi: Iningi layo i-lateritic ebomvu-ophuzi (红壤/黄壤), ene-asidi nene-asidi encane (pH 4.5–5.5), equkethe inani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo, ikhipha amanzi kahle. Imithambeka yezintaba enotshani obungaphansi inikeza inhlabathi ukuceba kwemvelo.
I-Agrotechnics: Amasimu asemithambekeni engenawo umoya. Kwenziwa ukulima okunempilo: umquba ophilayo, ukugqunywa kwama-woodchip, ukuthenwa okuhlelayo njalo. Eminyakeni yamuva, kusetshenziswa amasu okusheshisa ukukhula: ungqimba olujiyile lomquba wamagxolo, ukuthenwa okuthuthukisiwe nokusetshenziswa komquba ophilayo ngokwesayensi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Wūniú Zǎo bufana nokulungiswa kwamatiye omndeni we-Longjing (龙井) futhi kuhloswe ngawo ukwakha itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba (扁形, biǎnxíng) elinephunga elimsulwa kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile. Izigaba ezibalulekile:

Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ngesandla, kusukela ekuseni. Izinto ezivuniwe zilethwa ngokushesha efektri ngezimbiza zoqalo ngaphandle kokucindezelwa.
Ukwendlala-ukuvuthwa (摊晾 — tānliàng): Amaqabunga amasha andlalwa ungqimba oluncane (cishe 1 kg/m²) kumathreyi ahlanzekile oqalo endaweni enomoya ongenalanga. Isikhathi — kuze kube kulahleka u-20% wesisindo, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamahora ayi-6–12. Inhloso — ukulinganisa umswakama, ukuthambisa iqabunga, ukuqala ukwakheka kwephunga. Iqabunga lithathwa njengelilungile lapho lithambe lapho ulithinta, liba mnyama kancane futhi liba nephunga elincane lezimbali. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ububomvu, ukushisa ngokweqile nokucindezela iqabunga.
Ukulungiswa-ukugazinga «Qingguo» (青锅 — qīngguō): Isigaba esiyinhloko «sokubulala okuluhlaza» (杀青, shāqīng) — ukugazinga epanini elishisayo ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme ukuze kumiswe amandla e-enzyme futhi kumiswe i-oxidation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuyenga isimo esiyisicaba kuqala ngezinyakazo ezejwayelekile zezandla zalomsebenzi: ukucindezela, ukushelela nokushelelezisa. Isisekelo sephunga siyakhiwa: amanothi e-castnut kanye namantongomane.
Ukugazinga okuphelayo «Huiguo» (辉锅 — huīguō): Ukuqhubeka kokugazinga ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Iqabunga lomiswa ngokuphelele, liyacaba, lithola ukucwebezela nokushelela okujwayelekile. Umlozi ulawula ukucindezela nesivinini sezinyakazo, eqinisekisa ukulingana kwesimo.
Ukusefa nokukhetha (簸片割末 — bǒpiàn gēmò): Itiye elilungile liyasefwa ukuze kukhishwe uthuli lwetiye, izingcezu kanye nezingcezu zamaqabunga, bese lihlelwa ngamazinga.

6. Izimpawu Zomzimba:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liyisicaba, libushelelezi, liqondile, lihlangene (扁平光滑, 挺秀匀齐). Izihloko zezithupha zibonakala ngokucacile (芽锋显露), zinezinwele ezincane ezimhlophe (微显毫). Umbala — uluhlaza okhanyayo onjenge-jade ngokucwebezela okunamafutha (嫩绿光润). Amahlumela ayinyama, amise okomlomo kahlalakhwe (雀舌, quèshé). Isici esiyingqayizivele: ekugcineni okungezansi (lapho isiqu sinqunywa khona) kungavela umbala onsundu omnyama — okuthiwa «umsila omnyama» (黑屁股), okubangelwa ukuphuma kamanzi weseli ngesikhathi sokugazinga kweqabunga eliyinyama; lokhu kuwuphawu lwendalo lwe-Wūniú Zǎo, hhayi iphutha.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile, lisha, linamanothi aqavile e-castnut (栗香, lìxiāng). Lapho lihlikihlwa ezintendeni, amathoni alula otshani nashukela ayembuleka.
Iphunga lomhluzo: Liphakeme, liqhakazile, lihlala isikhathi eside (高鲜持久). Amanothi e-castnut egazingiwe kanye nama-bean (豆花香) akhonya, anesizinda esithambile sezimbali. Iphunga lihlala enkomishini engenalutho, lishintsha kancane kancane libe ubumnandi obuhle.
Ukunambitheka: Kumtoti, kuthambile, kusha, nokunwebeka okuqavile (甘醇鲜爽). I-body iphakathi, igcwele kahle. Ubumuncu buphansi kakhulu, buphenduka ngokushesha kube ubumnandi obubuya (回甘, huígān). I-aftertaste — inde, ihlanzekile, iyaqabulisisa, inothi elipholile le-mineral.
Umbala womhluzo: Uluhlaza okothambile, obala futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮), ukucwebezela okunjengekristal (清澈). Njengoba ufudumala kancane, ungaba ophuzi kancane.
Ipansi letiye (iqabunga eligxishiwe): Liluhlaza okhanyayo njenge-emerald, liyinyama, liyafana. Amaqabunga avuleka wona wonke, akha «amahlumela» acocekile (匀齐成朵). Izithupha namaqabunga aminyene, ayakwazi ukweluleka lapho uthinta, okubonisa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba.

7. Ingqungquthela Yamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenols (茶多酚): Ngokwedatha ye-national standard GB/T 20360-2006, okuqukethwe ama-polyphenols etiyeni elilungile — 20.1–29.5%. Ukuvuna kokuqala kakhulu kubonakala ngamanani aphansi (asondela ku-20%), okuchaza ubuthambile nokuba mncane.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸): 4.3–5.3% — aphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza (ngokuvamile 2–4%). Okuphakeme kwe-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) kubangela ukunambitheka okuyingxenye ye-umami okucacile kanye nomphumela wokuthulisa. Ngokwe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), okuqukethwe i-amino nitrogen eqabungeni elisha — 565.0 mg%.
Ama-Catechins (儿茶素): Cishe 103.81 mg/g (ngokwe-CAAS ngeqabunga elisha). Izingxenyana eziyinhloko: EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC.
Ama-Alkaloids: I-Caffeine (咖啡碱) — evamile etiyeni eliluhlaza 2–4% wesisindo esomile. I-Theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Isilinganiso se-caffeine/theanine sihle ekunikezeni amandla athambile ngaphandle kokudlanga okucacile.
Amavithamini: I-Ascorbic acid (ivithamini C) — okuqukethwe okuphezulu, okuvamile ekuvuneni kokuqala kakhulu; amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), ivithamini E, i-β-carotene.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-selenium.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi: Okubalulekile: i-linalool, i-β-ionone, i-nonanal, i-geraniol, i-benzaldehyde. Yikho okuyikho okwakha i-castnut-floral bouquet eyisici. Okuphakeme koshukela oncibilikayo kunomthelela ekuzweni ubumnandi bemvelo.
Izici ezikhethekile zenhlanganisela: Isici esiphansi se-polyphenol-amino acid (酚氨比 < 5) — uphawu lwakudala lwetiye eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphakeme elivela ekuvuneni kokuqala.

8. Izici Ezinempilo:

Ukunikeza amandla okuthambile nokusekelwa kwengqondo: Isilinganiso esihle se-caffeine ne-L-theanine sinikeza umphumela wokunikeza amandla oqinile kodwa othambile — ukuthuthukiswa kokugxila ngaphandle kokuba nomoya ongafanele kanye «nokuwa kwe-caffeine».
Isenzo se-Antioxidant: Ama-Catechins (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) angama-antioxidants anamandla, alwa nama-radicals akhululekile futhi abambezele ukucindezeleka okwenziwa yi-oxidation.
Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yomoya wegazi: Ama-Polyphenols etiye eliluhlaza asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-cholesterol «engalungile» (i-LDL) nasekugcineni ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukwenza umfutho wegazi ujwayelekile: Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwetiye eliluhlaza okuphakeme kwe-theanine kuhlotshaniswa nomthelela omnene wokwehlisa umfutho.
Ukusekelwa kokugaya: Ukuba mnene okulinganiselayo kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwejusi lesisu futhi kusiza ukugaya ngemva kokudla.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Inhlanganisela ye-vitamin C, ama-catechins nama-microelements (i-zinc, i-selenium) isekela imisebenzi yokuvikela yomzimba.
Impilo yomlomo: I-fluorine ne-catechins ezikhona zinamandla okulwa namagciwane, zivimbela ukonakala kwamazinyo futhi zenza umoya ube mnandi.
Isenzo sokulwa nokuvuvukala: I-EGCG namanye ama-polyphenols ehlisa izinga lezimpawu zokuvuvukala.

Qaphela: Abantu abazwelayo kakhulu ku-caffeine, kanye nalapho kuqubuka izifo zomgudu wokugaya kufanele bakhawule ukusebenzisa noma baxhumane nodokotela.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C kwezindawo ezijwayelekile; 75–80°C kwezinhlobo eziphakeme ezinezinga elizwelayo. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo — «ashisa» iqabunga futhi andise ubumuncu.
Inani letiye: 3–4 g ngamanzi ayi-150–200 ml (ukuphekelwa kwengilazi); 5 g ngamanzi ayi-100–120 ml (i-gaiwan, indlela yokuthela).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi (玻璃杯) — ilungele ukubuka ukuvuleka kwamahlumela kanye nombala womhluzo; i-gaiwan ye-porcelain (盖碗) — yokwenza itiye elilawulekayo nokuphindaphindwayo; ipoti ye-porcelain — yokuphuza itiye kwansuku zonke.
Inqubo (ukuphekelwa kwengilazi):

Fudumeza ingilazi ngamanzi ashisayo, khipha amanzi.
Thela u-3–4 g wetiye elomile.
Thela amanzi angama-80–85°C engxenyeni engu-1/3 yomthamo, nyakazisa kancane ingilazi, vumela iqabunga «livuke» imizuzwana engama-30.
Thela amanzi kuze kugcwale umthamo ophelele.
Vumela kuhlale imizuzu engu-1.5–2 ngaphambi kokuphuzwa kokuqala.
Phuza kuze kufinyelele ezingeni elingu-1/3 lomhluzo osele, bese uthela amanzi futhi. Phinda izikhathi ezi-2–3.

Inqubo (i-gaiwan, indlela yokuthela):

Fudumeza i-gaiwan ne-chahai ngamanzi abilayo.
Thela u-5 g wetiye, hwelela iphunga leqabunga elifudumele.
Isikhathi sokuqala sokuthela: amanzi angama-80°C, kuhlale imizuzwana engu-15–20, thela ku-chahai, usele ezinkomishini.
Okwesibili nokwesithathu: imizuzwana engama-20–30.
Okulandelayo: andisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyi-10–15 isikhathi ngasinye.
Inani lezikhathi zokuthela: 4–6 (izinga eliphakeme lingamelana nezikhathi eziyisi-6 ezigcwele).

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Wūniú Zǎo iyitiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke, elidinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela.
Isitsha: Into engangeni moya — isikhwama se-aluminium foil esinomoya osusiwe, esifakwe ethinini noma ebhokisini le-tin elinesembozo esiqinile.
Izinga lokushisa: Okufanele — efrijini ku-0–5°C (indawo yemifino). Ukugcinwa endaweni evamile kuvunyelwe kuphela kwinani elizophuzwa phakathi namaviki ayi-1–2.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, iphunga langaphandle, ukushisa. Itiye limunca amaphunga ngamandla — kufanele ligcinwe kude nokudla okunephunga elinamandla.
Isikhathi: Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu — kufanele usetshenziswe phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6–12 ngemva kokukhiqiza. Ngokugcinwa okufanele efrijini — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezinga. Akufanele kugcinwe isikhathi eside — ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulahlekelwa ubusha nokukhanya kwephunga.
Akunconywa ukukhipha iphakethe efrijini njalo — i-condensation isheshisa ukuwohloka.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zokukhwabanisa:

Isigaba sentengo: Imaphakathi nangaphezu kwemaphakathi phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase-China. Intengo incike kakhulu esikhathini sokuvuna: izinto zokuqala kakhulu (ukuphela kukaNhlolanja — ukuqala kukaNdasa) zibiza kakhulu. Intengo yezinto zetiye ezintsha (茶青) ngesikhathi sokuqala kakhulu kokuvuna ifinyelela kuma-yuan angama-400/kg nangaphezulu, yehla ngama-yuan angaphezu kwekhulu ngesonto nje. Itiye elilungile lezinga eliphakeme — kusukela kuma-yuan angama-800 kuya kwangaphezulu kwamayuan angama-2000/kg ngokuya ngomkhiqizi, unyaka nenqwaba.
Izinto zokukhwabanisa ezivamile nokushintshwa: Njengoba ukubukeka kwe-Wūniú Zǎo kucishe kufane ne-Xi Hu Longjing, lolu hlobo luvame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama le-Longjing ebizayo. Isimo esiphambene naso siyenzeka: itiye elivela kwezinye izifunda lingena esikhundleni «sangempela» se-Yongjia Wūniú Zǎo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokukhwabanisa:
- Ukuthengiswa kwetiye elivela ku-Wūniú Zǎo ngaphansi kophawu olu-«Sī Hú Lóngjǐng» ngentengo ephindwe kaningi.
- Ukushintshwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwezinye izifundazwe (Sichuan, Guizhou), lapho i-Wūniú Zǎo itshalwa kabanzi njengohlobo «lokuqala».
- Ukupakishwa kabusha kwetiye langonyaka odlule njenge-«ming qian» entsha yalesi sikhathi.
- Ukufakwa kwephunga etiyeni elisezingeni eliphansi ukuze kulingiswe iphunga le-castnut.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-Wūniú Zǎo yangempela kwi-Longjing:
- Umbala: I-Wūniú Zǎo — iluhlaza okhanyayo enomphuzi kancane kanye ne-«msila» omnyama oyingqayizivele endaweni yokusikwa; i-Longjing — inombala othi-«rice-yellow» (糙米色) kanye nephuzu elibomvu eduze kwesiqu.
- Iphunga: I-Wūniú Zǎo — i-herbaceous-castnut, ilula kancane; i-Longjing — i-bean-castnut egcwele amanothi e-lanceolate.
- Isikhathi: I-Longjing yangempela ayikwazi ukuvela emakethe ngoNhlolanja — ngokuqinisekile, i-Wūniú Zǎo yiyona.
- Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile, funa uphawu lokuvikela indawo (地理标志产品) nesitifiketi se-GB/T 20360.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Irekodi lokuvuthwa kusenesikhathi. I-Wūniú Zǎo ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza okuqala kakhulu omhlaba. Kweminye iminyaka, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, amahlumela okuqala avunwa kusenesikhathi phakathi nokuqala-maphakathi noNhlolanja, okungukuthi ngaphambi komkhosi we-Yuanxiao (元宵节, Umkhosi Wamalambu). Lokhu kuyenza ibe yirekhodi eliphelele lokukhula kokuqala phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezibhalisiwe ze-Camellia sinensis e-China.
«Iqabane» le-Longjing. Ngenxa yokufana kokubukeka, i-Wūniú Zǎo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi «yi-Longjing eshibhile». Kungenxa yayo ingxenye enkulu ye-«Longjing yokuqala», evela ezimakethe ngasekupheleni kukaNhlolanja — ekuqaleni kukaNdasa, empeleni iwitiye i-Wūniú Zǎo, elifakwe ubuhle bobuchwepheshe be-Longjing.
Ukusatshalaliswa kukazwelonke kwembewu. Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kokuqala okuyingqayizivele, imbewu i-Wūniú Zǎo (嘉茗1号) ibe ngenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezisakazeke kakhulu kulo lonke elase-China. Itshalwa kude nangale kwe-Zhejiang — ezifundazweni ezifana ne-Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan nezinye, lapho kwenziwa khona amatiye ahlukahlukene aluhlaza, kuhlanganise i-Biluochun namatiye ayizicaba, kusetshenziswa izinto zokuqala zendawo zase-Wūniú Zǎo.
Idolobhana le-UNESCO. Idolobhana letiye i-Xingchan esifundeni sase-Yongjia eSanjiang laba yinto yocwaningo lwe-UNESCO njengesibonelo esiphumelelayo se-«modeli yetiye» yokulwa nobuphofu: cishe wonke umkhaya edolobhaneni utshala i-Wūniú Zǎo, uthola imali engenayo eqinile ngokuthengisa kwasentwasahlobo kusenesikhathi.
Amahlumela angama-22 000 ngekhilogremu elinguhhafu yetiye. Ukuze kukhiqizwe amagremu angama-500 e-Wūniú Zǎo esezingeni eliphakeme, kudingeka kuvunwe amahlumela angaphezu kwama-22 000 ngesandla — cishe amagremu angu-5000 ezinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa ngegremu eli-1 lomkhiqizo olungile.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Ipharamitha	Wūniú Zǎo (乌牛早)	Sī Hú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井)	Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn (洞庭碧螺春)	Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶)
Umsuka	I-Yongjia, i-Zhejiang	I-Hangzhou, i-Zhejiang	I-Suzhou, i-Jiangsu	I-Anji, i-Zhejiang
Isimo seqabunga	Liyisicaba, «ulimi lwendlala»	Liyisicaba, linde kakhulu	Lisonge njengezomoya, linoboya	Liyisicaba, likhulu, liphaphathekile
Ukuqala kokuvuna	Ukuphela kukaNhlolanja	Ukuphela kukaNdasa	Maphakathi noNdasa	Ukuphela kukaNdasa
Iphunga	I-Castnut, elisha	I-Bean-castnut, egcwele	Izimbali-izithelo	I-Orchid, elisha
Ama-Amino acid	4.3–5.3%	3–4%	3–3.5%	6–8%
Ama-Polyphenols	20–29%	20–25%	22–28%	10–14%
Ukunambitheka	Kuthambile, kumnandi, kuhlanzekile	Kugcwele, kunamafutha, «i-bean»	Kunwebile, izithelo	Elisha, ethambile, ne-umami
Isici esiyinhloko	Itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo	«Ishumi Lamatiye Adumile»	I-Fruit-floral bouquet	Okuphakeme okuyingqophamlando kwama-amino acid

I-Wūniú Zǎo ingaphansi kwe-Longjing ngokuminyana komzimba nokujula kwephunga, kodwa iyawina ngenxa yokuvela kwayo kusenesikhathi emakethe kanye nentengo efinyeleleka kakhudlwana. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Biluochun, kunesitayela esihluke ngokuphelele: isimo esiyisicaba kanye ne-castnut profile esikhundleni sokuzisongela ngokuzungeza kanye nokuba nezithelo. Ihlobene ne-Anji Bai Cha ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid nokuthamba, kodwa i-Wūniú Zǎo «iluhlaza» ngokubonakalayo ngokobunjalo bayo nangephunga.

Ngokuphetha:

I-Wūniú Zǎo itiye eletha intwasahlobo etafuleni letiye, lapho ngaphandle kwasekupholile uNhlolanja. Inani layo eliyinhloko alikho ekutheni lifuna ubunzima obuthambile, kodwa ekutheni kusha, okuhlanzekile kweqabunga lokuqala lasentwasahlobo. Amahlumela ayizicaba, amahle avuleka engilazini ngomhluzo ohlaza okhanyayo onjenge-jade onephunga elihle le-castnut nokunambitheka okuthambile, okumnandi, okungenamahloni. Leli itiye elifanele kakhulu kulabo abazisa isikhathi sokuvuka kwemvelo — lelo phango, eliqinisekisa ukuthi: intwasahlobo ifikile.

Linikeze amanzi athambile nezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, ungaphuthumi — futhi lizokuphendula ngomhlangano wetiye ocebile, ocacile, oqabulisisayo. Futhi uma kwenzeka ubona «i-Longjing» ngasekupheleni kukaNhlolanja, yazi: cishe i-Wūniú Zǎo. Futhi akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokho — intwasahlobo ifike kancane kunokwejwayelekile.