Wénjūn lǜchá

Iye itiye eliluhlaza elivela edolobheni lase-Qionglai eSichuan, elinamaqabunga asontiwe anoboya obumhlophe obuchichimayo kanye negama elibusankondlo lomlando elihlonipha u-Zhuo Wenjun — lokho yi-Wénjūn lǜchá, elinye lamatiye ‘anegama’ aziwayo engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Sichuan.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá).
• Isigaba: itiye lendawo elaziwayo lesigaba se-míngyōu (名优, ‘elikhethiweyo elinegama’); ngokwesigaba sisondele ezingeni eliphakathi nelinsuku zonke — itiye elihle lansuku zonke elinegama lomlando, hhayi inqwaba yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokwedlulele. Lokhu kuhlukanisa itiye neqembu eliphezulu lesifunda (isibonelo, i-Méngdǐng gānlù ehamba phambili noma i-Zhúyèqīng 竹叶青 enegama elivela eNtabeni i-Emei), kodwa liqinisekisa izinga elihle lekhwalithi kanye nokufinyeleleka.
• Imvelaphi: I-Qionglai (邛崃, Qiónglái), idolobha lesifunda engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeSichuan Basin, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Chengdu. Ngokomlando le ndawo yayibizwa nge-Linqiong (临邛, Línqióng) futhi yayingesinye sezikhungo zamasiko nezohwebo zasendulo kakhulu esifundeni.
• Isifunda: ibhande letiye eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-China — ‘umsuka’ wawo wamatiye aluhlaza (indawo ehlobene ne-Méngdǐng gānlù 蒙顶甘露 esuka e-Ya’an emakhelwane).
• Izinga: inombolo yezinga likahulumeni (GB/T) eqinisekisiwe yaleli gama elithile ayibhalwanga emthonjeni wethu, ngakho ayinikezwanga ngenhloso. Lapho uthenga, kuyancomeka ukuthi ubheke izidingo ezijwayelekile zetiye eliluhlaza kanye nokuboniswa kwemvelaphi (Qionglai / Sichuan) ekupakisheni.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Igama letiye libhekisela ku-Zhuo Wenjun (卓文君, Zhuō Wénjūn) — umlingiswa odumile wasemlandweni oxhumene ngqo ne-Linqiong (i-Qionglai yanamuhla). Indaba yakhe ingenye yezinganekwane zamasiko ezaziwa kakhulu ezihlotshaniswa nale ndawo, futhi igama elithi Wénjūn lǜchá lincike ngenhloso kuleli fa lendawo, liguqule itiye libe uhlobo ‘lwebhizinisi lokuhlonza’ idolobha.

Lo mkhuba — wokunikeza itiye lendawo eliluhlaza igama lomlando nelobuciko — ujwayelekile eSichuan nangokubanzi emasikweni etiye aseChina: igama libhala ngesikhathi esisodwa ukunamathiselwa kwendawo, linxenxa ubunjalo bendawo, futhi lisebenza njengehuku lezentengiso nezamasiko. Endabeni yase-Qionglai, itiye i-Wenjun liba ukwendlalelwa kodumo lwasendulo lwase-Linqiong njengesizinda samasiko.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Emaqoqweni asezingeni eliphezulu kukhethwa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile zokuqala — ihlumela eliqhakazile kanye neqabunga elilodwa elincane, elicebe uboya, okuyikho okunquma ‘ubumpunga’ obubonakalayo betiye eseliphelele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokutshalwa:

• I-Cultivar/Uhlobo: isixuku sendawo sendabuko sezihlahla zetiye — chuānchá qúntǐ (川茶群体), ‘izinhlobo zeqembu laseSichuan’. Leli akulona i-clone elilodwa elikhethiwe, kodwa isixuku sendabuko sembewu esinezimpande eziqinile emlandweni eSichuan futhi esivumelane kahle nezimo zendawo. Izinhlobo zeqembu zaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bephrofayili yokunambitheka kanye nokuqina kwesimo sezulu sase-basin; zikhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe ezijwayelekile ematiyeni amaningi aluhlaza aseSichuan ‘anegama’ akuleli bhande.
• Isimo Sezulu: isimo sezulu esinomswakama sase-basin, ukufiphala kwesibhakabhaka okuvamile kanye nokukhanya okuhlakaile; isimo sezulu esincane esimnene, esinenkungu, nentwasahlobo epholile kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
• Ukuvunwa: isimo sezulu esincane esivumayo sivumela ukuvunwa kusenesikhathi — i-Wénjūn lǜchá ivunwa ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (明前, míngqián), okuyibeka ezingeni elifanayo namanye amatiye aseSichuan okuqala, aphuma emakethe ephakathi kwawokuqala ezweni. Ukufiphala kwesibhakabhaka nokukhanya okuhlakaile kubambezela ukuwohloka kwama-amino acid eqabungeni elincane, kwakha ubusha nesimuncu esimnene okuyisici salo jusi lwesifunda.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ngokuma kweqabunga eseliphelele i-Wénjūn lǜchá ingeyesigaba esisontiwe esinoboya obugqamile — juǎnqū xiǎnháo (卷曲显毫). Iqabunga aliluliwe libe ‘ipuleti’ eliyisicaba, njengamatiye ohlobo lwe-lóngjǐng, kodwa liyasontwa, okuphumela ekutheni amacezu etiye abe agobile, aminyene futhi ambozwe kakhulu uboya obusiliva.

Itiye likhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlangene obuluhlaza — ukugazingwa kanye/noma ukomiswa ngomoya oshisayo (炒/烘, chǎo / hōng). Njengawo wonke amatiye aluhlaza, isinyathelo esibalulekile — ‘ukubulala uhlaza’ (杀青, shāqīng): ukushisisa okwesikhashana kwezinga eliphezulu kweqabunga elisha, okungasebenzi ama-enzyme e-oxidative futhi kulungise umbala oluhlaza nephunga elimnandi elisha. Ukusontwa okuqhubekayo kwakha ukugobeka okuyingcaca kwamacezu etiye futhi kusiza ukukhipha ijusi, bese ukomiswa kokugcina (ngokugazinga kanye/noma ngomoya oshisayo) kufaka iqabunga esimeni, kulungise ukuma nephunga.

Inhlanganisela yokugazinga nokomiswa ngomoya ikhiqiza itiye elisesimeni esiphakathi phakathi kwefrofayili ‘egazingiwe’ egqamile kanye ‘nobhakwe’ omncane: lisha ngokwanele futhi liphilayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba negalelo elinamandla le-castnut eliqholiwe.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

Ifrofayili ye-Wénjūn lǜchá iyinhlanganisela ejwayelekile yamatiye aluhlaza eqembu laseSichuan yobusha nobumnandi obumnene. Ubuningi boboya kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile zokuqala kunikeza ukumnandi okuhlanzekile, okuphilayo nokuzwakala kancane okubushelelezi emlonyeni; ukomiswa ngegazinga nangomoya kunezela ngokufudumele okucophelelayo ephungeni ngaphandle kwenothi eliqholiwe eliqinile.

Ungalindela ukumnandi okuhlanzekile, okusha, okunoshukela omncane ophakathi ngokuminyana — ngaphandle kobumunyu obuqinile obuphuma ekugazingeni nangaphandle kwesiqu ‘esiwugqinsi’ esiqinile nesiqinisa umphimbo, okuyisici, isibonelo, samatiye aluhlaza aseYunnan anamahlamvu amakhulu.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izincomo zokuphisa (ezijwayelekile ematiyeni aluhlaza asontiwe athambile):

• Amanzi: athambile, cishe ngo-80 – 85 °C. Amanzi abilayo ‘apheka’ amahlumela athambile futhi enze ukumnandi kube mahhadlahhadla futhi kuvuke ubumunyu.
• Isitsha: ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ye-porcelain ngaphandle kwesembozo lapho uthela khona kuvumela ukubuka ukuvuleka kwamacezu etiye anoboya.
• Isilinganiso: cishe amagremu angu-3 eqabunga kumamililitha angu-150 amanzi.
• Indlela: ngetiye elisontiwe elinoboya, indlela ‘ephezulu’ noma ‘ephakathi’ yokuthelela ilula — iqabunga liyacwila kancane futhi liyavuleka; ukuphisa kokuqala imizuzwana engu-30 – 40, bese kuba ngokunambitheka kwakho.
• Ukufiphala: ngenxa yobuningi boboya, ukuphisa kokuqala kungase kufiphale kancane — lokhu kuvamile ematiyeni aluhlaza anoboya futhi akulona iphutha.

11. Intengo kanye Namafekhithi:

Izinkomba ezimbalwa ezisiza ukubona nokuhlaziya i-Wénjūn lǜchá:

• Ukuma noboya. Bheka ngqo iqabunga elisontiwe, eligobile elinoboya obusiliva obugcwele (juǎnqū xiǎnháo), hhayi ‘amapuleti’ ayisicaba naluhlobo lwesitayela se-lóngjǐng.
• Imvelaphi. Itiye langempela lihlotshaniswa ne-Qionglai (邛崃) eSichuan; ukuboniswa kwalesi sifunda ekupakisheni kuwuphawu olubalulekile.
• Isizini. Amaqoqo asezingeni eliphezulu — ukuvunwa kwaphambi kwe-Qingming (míngqián) kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezithambile zehlumela neqabunga; ubusha bentwasahlobo yokuqala nobumnandi obumnene kufanele kuzwakale enkomishini.
• Ifrofayili. Ungalindela ukumnandi okuhlanzekile, okusha, okunoshukela omncane ophakathi ngokuminyana — ngaphandle kobumunyu obuqinile obuphuma ekugazingeni nangaphandle kwesiqu ‘esiwugqinsi’ esiqinile nesiqinisa umphimbo, okuyisici, isibonelo, samatiye aluhlaza aseYunnan anamahlamvu amakhulu.
• Umongo ngaphakathi kwesifunda. Ungaphambanisi neqembu eliphezulu lamatiye aseSichuan: i-Wénjūn lǜchá — itiye elihle ‘elinegama’ lansuku zonke, hhayi inqwaba eyedlulele ngekhwalithi yodwa; lokhu kunomthelela ekulindelekeni kwentengo okunengqondo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Sekukonke, i-Wénjūn lǜchá — iyisibonelo esivelele setiye eliluhlaza laseSichuan lebhande eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga: uhlobo lweqembu lembewu, ukuvunwa kwasentwasahlobo kokuqala kwaphambi kwe-Qingming, iqabunga elisontiwe elinoboya, ukunambitheka okusha okumnene kanye negama lomlando, eligxilile emasikweni endawo ase-Qionglai.