Wǎnxī huáng dà chá

Ummeleli ‘wesintu’ kakhulu wetiye eliphuzi: izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, ukufakwa emanzini nokushisa okuphezulu nesiphetho sokugcina ngomlilo i-lā lǎo huǒ (拉老火) kunikeza ukumnandi okuminyene ngephunga elephulwa ngekhanda i-锅巴香 — iphunga likakhaphethu welayisi onsundu.

1. Ukwahlukaniswa Ngokwezigaba kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huáng chá).
• Isigaba: itiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amakhulu — 黄大茶 (huáng dà chá), esinye sezigaba ezintathu zetiye eliphuzi ngokobuthambile bezinto ezingavuthiwe: 黄芽茶 (huáng yá chá, ngamathumba), 黄小茶 (huáng xiǎo chá, ngamaqabunga amancane) kanye ne-黄大茶 (huáng dà chá, ngamaqabunga amakhulu). Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe yisinyathelo esibalulekile i-闷黄 (mèn huáng) — ukufaka emanzini nokushisa, lapho iqabunga liphuzi, kanti iphunga elibukhali eliluhlaza liba mnandi ngokuthambile.
• Isikhundla esigabeni: I-Hoshane Huang Da Cha imi ekugcineni kwesikali samaqabunga amakhulu etiye eliphuzi. Uma amathumba atiye eliphuzi adumile — i-君山银针, i-蒙顶黄芽, i-霍山黄芽 — eyizicukuthwane zesigaba, khona-ke i-黄大茶 ngokomlando bekuyitiye lansuku zonke, elelulekile, elenzelwe ukunambitheka okuqinile, okunothile.
• Umsuka: i-皖西 (Wǎnxī, inxanxathela yasentshonalanga ye-Anhui): isifunda i-霍山 (Hoshane) kanye nezindawo eziseduze i-金寨 (Jinzhai) kanye ne-六安 (Lu’an) — indawo enezintaba namagquma, enikeza inqwaba yamaqabunga asheshe abe maholoholo.
• Inkomba yendawo: I-Hoshane Huang Da Cha inesimo senkomba yendawo (GI) — umsuka negama kuvikelwe, okuhlukanisa umkhiqizo wangempela wase-皖西 kokufanisa okunamaqabunga amakhulu okunye.
• Ungaphambanisi: endaweni eyodwa — i-Hoshane (霍山) — kukhona izinto ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu: i-霍山黄芽 ethambile yamathumba (elinesimo ‘sokuncipha kukandlunkulu’, nephunga le-castnut nezimbali) kanye ne-霍山黄大茶 eqinile, enamandla. Kulula ukuziphambanisa ngamagama, kodwa ngokwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nesimo ziyizinto eziphikisanayo.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Itiye eliphuzi lase-Hoshane linezimpande ezijulile: i-霍山黄芽 yamathumba kukhulunywa ngayo kakade emculweni wama-Tang ‘i-国史补’ phakathi kwetiye eziyishumi nane zedatha (贡, i-gong), kanti indawo ngokwayo — cishe amamitha angu-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle — yaziwa kudala njengendawo yetiye. Kulesi sigcawu, i-黄大茶 yakheka njengegatsha eliwusizo, elelulekile: itiye lokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwekhaya, elenziwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe eziningi ezivuthiwe futhi ligcine ubuhle bokushisa ngomlilo bobulimi, ‘basekhaya’.

Namuhla, mayelana ne-Hoshane Huang Da Cha kwakhiwa ngenkuthalo ukumaketha okugxile ku-降脂降糖 (ukwehlisa amafutha noshukela) — lokhu kumisa ngentengiso, futhi ekubhalweni kwe-encyclopedia sikubhala njengendaba yemakethe, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimangalo zezokwelapha.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: ngokungafani namatiye aphuzi angamathumba, athathwa njenge-单芽 noma i-1芽1叶, lapha izinto ezingavuthiwe yi-一芽多叶 (yī yá duō yè, ithumba elinamaqabunga amaningana) kanye neqabunga elikhulu, elivuthiwe.
• Ukuvuna: ukuvuna sekwephuzile futhi kuningi, i-flush inde. Yileli vutha lezinto ezingavuthiwe — isisekelo salo lonke iphrofayela: iqabunga eliqinile linokuningi kwezinto ezakha umzimba futhi limelana nokucutshungulwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, obekungacekela phansi ithumba elithenda.
• Umehluko ohlotsheni lwasezansi: kufanele kwahlukaniswe uhlobo lwasenyakatho ye-Anhui ohlotsheni lwetiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amakhulu asezansi — i-广东大叶青 (Guǎngdōng dà yè qīng), eyenziwa nge-大叶种 (izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu) e-Guangdong futhi ethambekele ephrofayela yezithelo nobusi. I-Hoshane Huang Da Cha — lokhu yizinto ezingavuthiwe zasenyakatho ezinamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, kanti isimo sayo asiholwa yihlathi, kodwa umlilo.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Indawo yokukhiqiza — i-皖西 (inxanxathela yasentshonalanga ye-Anhui): isifunda i-霍山 (Hoshane) kanye nezindawo eziseduze i-金寨 (Jinzhai) kanye ne-六安 (Lu’an). Lokhu indawo enezintaba namagquma, enikeza inqwaba yamaqabunga asheshe abe maholoholo — izinto ezingavuthiwe ezilungele ngokuphelele hhayi izinhlobo ezithambile zamathumba, kodwa ngokuqondile itiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu. Isifunda sase-Hoshane ngokwaso sisendaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha angu-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi kudala yaziwa njengendawo yetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ifomyula yokukhiqiza i-皖西 黄大茶 emthonjeni ichazwa kafishane nangokunembile: 高温长焖 + 拉老火 (gāowēn cháng mèn + lā lǎo huǒ) — ukufaka emanzini nokushisa okuphezulu isikhathi eside kanye nesiphetho sokugcina ‘esidonsayo’ ngomlilo.

• Ukufaka emanzini nokushisa (闷黄): njengakuwo wonke amatiye aphuzi, iqabunga ngemva kokuqiniswa lidlula esigabeni sokufakwa emanzini nokushisa, lapho ngaphansi komthelela wokushisa komoya nomswakama kuqhubeka ukuphuzi okungagaywa (okungekho amagciwane, okufakwa umoya-mpilo ngokushisa): i-chlorophyll ibhidlika kancane, ama-polyphenol afakwa umoya-mpilo ngokuthambile, ‘ubuluhlaza’ buyanyamalala, kuvela ubumnandi obuthobekile. Ku-黄大茶 lokhu kufakwa emanzini nokushisa kungokwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside — yingakho isimo ‘esosiwe’ esijulile ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezithambile zamathumba, lapho i-闷黄 ivame ukwenziwa kaninginingi nangokucophelela (isibonelo, ‘ukufudumeza kabili — ukufaka emanzini kabili’ ku-君山银针 noma ‘ukufaka emanzini kathathu — ukosa kathathu’ ku-蒙顶黄芽).
• 拉老火 — ukugcina ngesiphetho somlilo esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: lokhu inhliziyo yesitayela. Igama elithi lā lǎo huǒ ngokoqobo lisho ‘ukudonsa umlilo omdala’: itiye likhukhusini i-basket lidluliswa ngokuphindaphindiwe phezu kokushisa okunamandla kwezinkuni, ‘lidonswa’ kaningi liya emlilweni liphinde likhishwe. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenza i-caramelize futhi likhame kancane ingaphezulu leqabunga — kuvela lelo phunga elithile i-锅巴香 (guō bā xiāng), iphunga likakhaphethu welayisi, oshise ungene ngaphansi kwe-pot. Yileli phunga elinsundu, elishisiwe — uphawu lomkhiqizo olukhethekile lwe-黄大茶, olunganyezwa noma yini.

Ngenxa yalokho iphrofayela yomthombo ichazwa ngokuthi 焦香 / 锅巴香, 浓厚 — iphunga elishisiwe-eline-caramel, ukunambitheka okuminyene, okunothile.

6. Izimpawu Zomzimba Womkhiqizo (Organoleptic):

• Iqabunga elomile: likhulu, limnyama, linsundu ngokuphuzi, linamaqabunga avuthiwe asontekile noma avulekile nezinti — ngokubukeka liqinile kunanoma yiliphi itiye eliphuzi lamathumba.
• Iphunga: inothi elihamba phambili — i-锅巴香: irayisi elinsundu, okusanhlamvu okugazingiwe, i-caramel encane; ngemuva — i-焦香 ejwayelekile, umbala oshisiwe, weziko ovela ku-拉老火.
• Ukunambitheka nephunga: kuminyene, kunothile, 浓厚 — ngaphandle kokucijile okuluhlaza, ngesisekelo esiyindilinga esimnandi. Leli itiye lesimo, hhayi lencazelo: laziswa ngomzimba kanye nobujulile obuthokomalisayo, obushisiwe.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Mayelana ne-Hoshane Huang Da Cha kwakhiwa ngenkuthalo ukumaketha okugxile ku-降脂降糖 (ukwehlisa amafutha noshukela). Lokhu kumisa ngentengiso kubhalwa njengendaba yemakethe, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimangalo zezokwelapha.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziqinile ezivuthiwe zithanda amanzi ashisayo futhi azesabi ukuchichima. Indlela enengqondo:

• amanzi abilayo, acishe abe ngu-95–100 °C;
• ukufaka iqabunga okuningi;
• ukukhipha kokuqala okude kuyavunyelwa — iqabunga elikhulu linikela ukunambitheka kancane kunethumba;
• izitsha ezigcina ukushisa (i-porcelain, i-ceramic enamazinyo aminyene), kukwenza kuvele kahle iphrofayela eshisiwe.

Ngokungafani ne-君山银针, ekhonjiswa engilazini ukuze kubonakale ‘ukuphakama nokuwa okuthathu’ kwamathumba, i-黄大茶 — itiye elingenalo elokubuka, kodwa lelensayo yansuku zonke eqinile.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

Ungahlukanisa kanjani i-霍山黄大茶 yangempela:

• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: iqabunga elikhulu elivuthiwe nezinti, 一芽多叶 — hhayi amathumba ahlelekile. Uma phambi kwakho kunezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithenda zamathumba ezisesimweni ‘sokuncipha kukandlunkulu’ — lokhu yi-霍山黄芽, elinye itiye lesifunda esifanayo.
• Iphunga: uphawu olungaphazamisi — i-锅巴香 / 焦香: ithoni eshisiwe, yokusanhlamvu-ine-caramel evela ku-拉老火. ‘Ubusha obuluhlaza’ obuhlanzekile ngaphandle kokushiswa akuvamile ku-黄大茶.
• Umzimba: ukunambitheka kuminyene, 浓厚; ubuncane nokulula — akulona ulimi lwayo.
• Umsuka: umkhiqizo wangempela — i-皖西 (霍山 / 金寨 / 六安) onesimo se-GI. Itiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amakhulu asezansi — vele lokhu i-广东大叶青 enephrofayela yezithelo nobusi, hhayi eshisiwe.
• Isigaba: i-黄大茶 yangempela idlule ku-闷黄 futhi ayilona nje itiye eliluhlaza elishiswe ngokweqile; yinhlanganisela yokufakwa emanzini nokushisa kanye no-拉老火 enikeza inkomishi ethambile, engenakho ukucinywa okuluhlaza, kodwa enothile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Igama ‘elithi lā lǎo huǒ’ (拉老火) ngokoqobo lisho ‘ukudonsa umlilo omdala’ — itiye elisezimbizeni ‘lidonswa’ ngokuphindaphindiwe ukushisa okunamandla kwezinkuni bese likhishwa.
• Esifundeni esisodwa i-Hoshane kuhlala ndawonye amatiye amabili aphikisanayo ngesimo: i-霍山黄芽 yamathumba eyisicukuthwane (‘ukuncipha kukandlunkulu’, iphunga le-castnut nezimbali) kanye ne-霍山黄大茶 eqinile, enomlilo.
• I-Hoshane Huang Da Cha — isikhumbuzo sokuthi itiye eliphuzi alipheleli emathunjini ayigugu. Lokhu yipolitiki yalo enamaqabunga amakhulu, enomlilo: izinto ezingavuthiwe eziqinile zasezintabeni i-皖西, ukufakwa emanzini nokushisa isikhathi eside kanye ‘nokudonsa’ kokugcina ngomlilo, okuguqula iqabunga elilula libe ukunambitheka okuminyene ngephunga likakhaphethu onsundu oshise ungene ngaphansi kwe-pot.