i-Tóngjùnméi

I-Tóngjùnméi — “amashiya ahloniphekile ethusi” — ibanga lesithathu ochungechungeni oludumile lwe-Jùnméi (骏眉), olwazalwa ngo-2005 esigodini sase-Tóngmù (桐木村, Tóngmù Cūn) eSizeni Sesizwe Semvelo Sase-Wǔyíshān. Uma i-Jīn Jùnméi (金骏眉, “amashiya esagolide”) iyingqikithi yamaqabunga ahlanzekile nomsebenzi wobuciko obunzima, kanti i-Yín Jùnméi (银骏眉, “amashiya esiliva”) iyiqabunga elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa, i-Tóngjùnméi isebenzisa izinto ezivuthiwe kakhudlwana — iqabunga elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu — futhi iphathwa nge-fermentation ejulile. Umphumela uba ngummeli ogcwele kakhulu, ocebile futhi ohlala isikhathi eside ekutshalweni kulolu chungechunge “lwamashiya”, onesimilo esikhanyayo soju nezithelo kanye nokulingana okuphawulekayo kwentengo nekhwalithi. Ekuhwebeni, i-Tóngjùnméi ivame ukuthengiswa ngamagama ahlukile afana no-Xiǎo Chìgān (小赤甘, Xiǎo Chìgān — “okuncane okubomvu okumnandi”) kanye no-Dà Chìgān (大赤甘, Dà Chìgān — “okukhulu okubomvu okumnandi”), okukhombisa izinga lokuvuna nobukhulu beqabunga.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseShayina (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oksijeni ephelele. Lingeyomndeni we-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng) — “ [itiye] langempela lasentabeni elinamaqabunga amancane”, kodwa likhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obusha obungenantuthu (无烟, wúyān), ngokungafani no-Xiǎozhǒng wendabuko obhenywayo.
• Isigaba: Ibanga lochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi (骏眉): Jīn (金, “igolide”) → Yín (银, “isiliva”) → Tóng (铜, “ithusi/ukhopa”). I-Tóngjùnméi — ibanga elithengekayo kakhulu kulolu chungechunge, ngenkathi inesimilo sayo esigqamile, esihlukile kwabanye “abafowabo” abadala.
• Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Fújiàn (福建省, Fújiàn Shěng), isifunda sikaMasipala wase-Nánpíng (南平市, Nánpíng Shì), idolobha lase-Wǔyíshān (武夷山市, Wǔyíshān Shì), ilokishi lase-Xīngcūn (星村镇, Xīngcūn Zhèn), isigodi sase-Tóngmù (桐木村). I-Tóngmù itholakala enkabeni yeSizeni Sesizwe Semvelo Sase-Wǔyíshān (武夷山国家级自然保护区) — indawo esohlwini lwe-UNESCO lwamagugu emvelo namasiko omhlaba. Lendawo iyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo wonke amatiye abomvu omndeni we-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng futhi iyinsika yochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi. Ukuze kube yi-Tóngjùnméi yangempela, izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zisuka “e-zhèngshān” (正山, “izintaba eziyizo”) — indawo yesizeni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-565, okuhlanganisa isigodi sase-Tóngmù nezindawo eziseduze ezisezintabeni (Máli 麻粟, Guàdūn 挂墩, Jiāngdūn 江墩, Miàowānpíng 庙湾坪 njll.).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe u-27°45′ N, 117°40′ E (isigodi sase-Tóngmù / imfundo i-Tóngmùguān).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: I-Tóngjùnméi yavela kanye kanye ne-Jīn Jùnméi — ngoJuni 2005, lapho umenzi wetiye oyingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé (梁骏德, Liáng Jùndé) kanye nosomabhizinisi u-Jiāng Yuánxūn (江元勋, Jiāng Yuánxūn) benkampani i-Zhèngshān cháyè (正山茶业) ngokwesiphakamiso sabathandi betiye baseBeijing — intatheli u-Yán Yìfēng (阎翼峰) kanye nomqoqi u-Zhāng Mèngjiāng (张孟江, “Yìshìchárén” 佚士茶人) — bazama ukwenza itiye elibomvu ngamaqabunga ahlanzekile ezihlahla zasendle ze-qízhǒng (奇种, qízhǒng — “izinhlobo ezingavamile/ezixakile”). Iqoqo lokuqala — ingxenye nje ye-catty (cishe amagremu angu-250) — libe yisambulo: ukukhanya okusagolide, iphunga lezimbali loju, ubumnandi obumangalisayo. Umkhiqizo waqanjwa kwathiwa “Jùnméi” (骏眉 — “amashiya ahloniphekile/asheshayo”): u-骏 (jùn) — kuhlonishwa ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé, futhi ngencazelo ethi “amahhashi phakathi kwamatiye” (kusukela emfanekisweni wehhashi elisheshayo); u-眉 (méi) — “ishiya” — ngesimo seqabunga elisongekile, elifana neshiya eligobile. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe amabanga, kwamukelwa i-“Jùnméi lìng” (《骏眉令》, “Isimemezelo Se-Jùnméi”), esakhiwa u-Zhāng Mèngjiāng, u-Yán Yìfēng no-Mǎ Bǎoshān ngo-2005: amaqabunga ahlanzekile, avunwa nge-Qīngmíng — i-Jīn (igolide); iqabunga + iqabunga elilodwa nge-Gǔyǔ — i-Yín (isiliva); iqabunga + amaqabunga angu-2–3 nge-Lìxià — i-Tóng (ithusi). Empeleni, njengoba igama elithi “ithusi/ukhopa” lalingakhangi kakhulu kubathengi, ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé yaqala ukuthengisa i-Tóngjùnméi ngamagama okuhweba athi “Xiǎo Chìgān” no-“Dà Chìgān” — “okuncane” no-“okukhulu okubomvu okumnandi”. Lawa magama ahlala emakethe. Ngo-2009, i-Jùnméi yenza inguquko enkulu embonini yetiye yaseShayina, yaguqula i-Tóngmù isuka esigodini esikhohliwe yaba isizinda sabalandeli betiye elibomvu futhi yavuselela intshisekelo ngamatiye abomvu kulo lonke elaseShayina.
• Igama: Tóng (铜) — “ithusi, ubhedu” — likhombisa ibanga lesithathu lochungechunge (ngemuva kwegolide nesiliva), kanye nombala osobomvu wethusi obonakala eqabungeni elomile nangemuva kokutshalwa. Jùn (骏) — “ihhashi elihloniphekile” (umfanekiso wokushesha nohlobo oluphakeme) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo — kubhekiselwa egameni lomsunguli u-Liáng Jùndé. Méi (眉) — “ishiya” — isingathekiso sesimo seqabunga letiye elisongekile: elincanyana, eligobile, elinoboya obuncane.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Uchungechunge lwe-Jùnméi lube wuphawu “lokuvuselelwa kwetiye elibomvu” eShayina. Ngaphambi kuka-2005, itiye elibomvu ezweni lalinesidingo esilinganiselwe (inani elikhulu lomkhiqizo lalithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe); ukuvela kwe-Jùnméi kwashintsha lesi simo ngokuphelele — itiye elibomvu laba semfashinini, lafiseleka futhi lahlonipheka. I-Tóngjùnméi, njengommeli othengeka kakhulu walolu chungechunge, yadlala indima ebalulekile ekufinyeleleni kwabaningi kulo mkhuba: yavumela inqwaba yabathandi betiye ukuthi bahlanganyele “esitayeleni sase-Tóngmù” ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhokha izizumbulu zentengo nge-Jīn Jùnméi. Isigodi sase-Tóngmù — “indawo okwazalelwa kuyo wonke amatiye abomvu omhlaba” (世界红茶的发源地) — ngenxa ye-Jùnméi sathola amandla amasha: abalimi betiye bashiya izithuthuthu baphinde bahlala ezimotweni, amaxhaphozi oqalo ashintsha aba yizindlu zamatshe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Izinhlobo zasendle zomdabu — i-qízhǒng (奇种, qízhǒng — “izinhlobo eziyisimanga”), ezaziwa nangokuthi i-càichá (菜茶, càichá — “itiye lasengadini”): amahlumela amancane anamaqabunga amancane e-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, akhulela ezimeni zemvelo zesizeni phakathi kwehlathi loqalo, ngasemifudlaneni yasezintabeni nasezindaweni ezinamatshe. Amahlumela amaningi ambozwe ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwe-moss, okufakaza ubudala bawo obungamashumi nanamakhulu eminyaka. I-qízhǒng iyisixuku esinhlobonhlobo ngokofuzo, esingakaze sikhethwe; ihlumela ngalinye lihlukile, okwengeza ubunzima obengeziwe ephungeni letiye eliphelele.
• Ukuvuna: Ngokwe-“Jùnméi lìng”, i-Tóngjùnméi ivunwa cishe nge-Lìxià (立夏, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi — ekuqaleni kwehlobo). Empeleni, ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuvuna okuyinhloko kwe-Jīn ne-Yín Jùnméi. Isikhathi sokuvuna sakamuva sisho ukuthi amaqabunga avele avuleke futhi aqongelele ama-polyphenol amaningi nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Iqabunga elingu-1 + amaqabunga amancane angu-2–3. Iqabunga kufanele libe lisha, lithambe (嫩, nèn), lingenakho ukulimala kwemishini. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngezikhathi zasekuseni (7:00–10:00), lapho izulu lomile, ngendlela “yokuphakamisa” (提手采, tíshǒu cǎi) — ngaphandle kokusonteka noma ukuminywa kwehlumela.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa lilethwa efektri ngokushesha; ukuminywa, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokubabomvu ngaphambi kwesikhathi akuvumelekile. Iqabunga lemvula alisetshenziswa. Kuthandwa amahlumela anamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ngokuphaphathekile noma aphuzi kancane; aluhlaza okotshani ngokumnyama athathwa njengangekho ezingeni eliphezulu.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

• Ukuphakama kokutshala: 800–1,500 m; iziza zetiye eziyinhloko zitholakala endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-1,200 m. Izinto eziyigugu kakhulu — zivela ezindaweni “ze-zhèngshān” (正山) ngaphakathi kwesizeni.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esivamile sasezintabeni ezishisayo: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-11–18 °C; imvula yonyaka — cishe u-2,000 mm; umswakama wonyaka ophakathi nendawo — 80%; inani lezinsuku ezinokhuphuka — lifinyelela kweziyi-120 ngonyaka. Ukukhanya okuthambile okusabalalayo kanye nomswakama omningi kusiza ekunqwabelaneni kwama-amino acid namafutha abalulekile eqabungeni.
• Inhlabathi: Ine-asidi (i-pH 4.5–5.0), ukujula okungu-30–90 cm, esekelwe kuma-quartzite noma ama-granite agugile. Inothe ngezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokubola kwamaqabunga oqalo nodoti wehlathi.
• Imvelo: Ubuningi bamahlathi — 96.3%. I-Tóngmù ingumgogodla wenye yezindawo ezinamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo aseMpumalanga Asia agcinwe kahle kakhulu. Amahlumela etiye akhula phakathi kwezihlahla, amahlathi oqalo kanye nama-fern; akukho masimu akhethekile — itiye livunwa emahlumelini “asendle”, asakazeke emithambekeni yezintaba. Izibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo wamaminerali awasetshenziswa; indawo yesizeni ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezinambuzaneni. Ukungena kule ndawo kukhawulelwe ngokuqinile: i-Tóngmù isalokhu iyindawo evaliwe kwabokufika — okuyigugu lekhulu le-19, lapho “umzingeli wezitshalo” waseBrithani uRobert Fortune athumela ngasese imbewu nezimfihlo zokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Tóngjùnméi ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obusha obungenantuthu bochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi, obusekelwe esikweni le-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng, kodwa ngaphandle kwesigaba sakudala sokubhenywa ngezinkuni zikaphayini. Umehluko oyinhloko ku-Jīn Jùnméi — izinga lokuvutshelwa elijulile (kufinyelela ku-70–80% nangaphezulu) nokusebenza ngeqabunga elivuthiwe kakhulu.

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Iqabunga elingu-1 + amaqabunga angu-2–3, ukuvuna ngesandla ngezikhathi zasekuseni.
• Ukubuna (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Kuyinhlanganisela: kwelanga (日光萎凋, rìguāng wěidiāo) — ukusakaza kumathileyi oqalo ngongqimba oluncane (olungeqi ku-2 cm), kuphendulwa njalo emizuzwini engu-10–20 kuze kube kuthambe futhi kuphele ukucwebezela; bese — kumiswa kabusha endlini (室内萎凋, shìnèi wěidiāo) ngomoya ofudumele onomswakama. I-“Jùnméi lìng” ikubeka kanje “ithunzi elinguhhafu nokukhanya okunguhhafu, omisa amaqabunga”.
• Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ngokwefomula ethi “phusha kancane, donsa ngamandla” (轻推重拉): ukucindezela kancane ekuqaleni, bese kuqiniswa ukuze kwakhe ukusonteka okuqinile nokukhipha ijusi. Iqabunga elisontekile lakhiwa libe yindilinga (坨, tuó).
• I-Oxidation (发酵 — fājiào): Indilinga yamaqabunga asontekile imbozwa ngendwangu emanzi (坨盖湿布) futhi igcinwe ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. I-“Jùnméi lìng” inquma ukuvutshelwa “ngezingxenye eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi” (酵七成), yize kunjalo, kwi-Tóngjùnméi, ngezinto zayo ezivuthiwe kakhulu, izinga lokuvutshelwa — liphakeme kakhulu kulolu chungechunge: iqabunga lithola umbala ojulile obomvu wethusi, iphunga — licebile, linamathoni obusi nezithelo.
• Ukomisa (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, okungenantuthu, okuhamba kancane (低温无烟慢烘焙). Ukungabikho kwentuthu — kungumehluko oyisisekelo ku-Xiǎozhǒng wakudala. Ukomisa kancane ezingeni lokushisa elingephansi kugcina izinhlanganisela eziphunga kamnandi futhi kwakha ubumnandi “bobusi” obuyisici. Umthetho oqinile: “ungawenzi amaqabunga asebusuku” (切记莫做隔夜青) — wonke umjikelezo kusukela ekuvuneni kuya ekusomini uqedwa ngosuku olulodwa.
• Ukuhlunga (分级 — fēnjí): Ukususwa kweziqu ezimahhadlahhadla, ukulinganiswa kwezingxenye.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka kukhulu futhi kuxega ukwedlula i-Jīn ne-Yín Jùnméi; iqabunga libanzi, ngokuvuleka okubonakalayo kwengxenye yalo. Umbala — “ingxenye ephuzi, ingxenye eyisishiyagalolunye emnyama” (半黄九半黑): umbala jikelele umnyama, kunezichasiso ezimbalwa zegolide nethusi ezivela eboyeni bamaqabunga. Ama-tip amancane kakhulu kunamanye amabanga aphezulu.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ubumnandi bobusi obugqamile obunamanothi ezimbali nezithelo (花蜜香, huāmì xiāng). Iphunga “licinene” futhi “lifudumele” ukwedlula i-Jīn Jùnméi, linemisindo yebhatata ebhakiwe, izithelo ezomisiwe kanye nethoni elula ye-caramel.
• Iphunga lokukhanyiselwa: Linezendlalelo eziningi: ekuchithekeni kokuqala — ukuqhakaza kwezimbali (i-orchid, i-rose), bese — izithelo (ipentshisi, ibhilikosi), ekugcineni — ubusi obuhlanzekile namakhekhe amnandi. Ukuqina kwephunga — kuphezulu.
• Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele (醇厚, chúnhòu), kucebile, kunobumnandi bobusi obugqamile kanye “nokubuya okumnandi” okude (回甘, huígān). Umzimba wokukhanyiselwa — uqinile futhi “ujiyile” ukwedlula i-Jīn Jùnméi. Ubukrakra nokuqina akukho uma kutshalwe ngendlela efanele. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva — kude, kuyagona, ngomuzwa omnandi “wokunamathela” emphinjeni (挂喉感, guàhóu gǎn).
• Umbala wokukhanya: Inhlaka-elisagolide, esobala, enethoni efudumele yobusi (汤色澄黄). Icebe kakhulu ngombala kunokukhanya okusagolide nokubonakalayo kwe-Jīn Jùnméi.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elitshaliwe): Kubomvu okwethusi ngokukhazimula okunsundu, amaqabunga avuleke kahle; amahlumela aphelele athi “iqabunga + amaqabunga angu-2–3” ayabonakala. Ukuthungwa kuyelastiki, kuthambe.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Amazinga aphezulu kunaku-Jīn Jùnméi, ngenxa yezinto ezivuthiwe kakhulu. Ngenkathi yokuvutshelwa okujulile, ingxenye enkulu yama-catechin iguqulwa ibe yi-theaflavins (TF) ne-thearubigins (TR), okwakha umbala ocebile, “umzimba” oqinile kanye nokuthungwa okusilelayo kokukhanyiselwa.
• Ama-Amino Acid: I-L-theanine — ngenani eliphethe (eliphansi kunaku-Jīn Jùnméi enamaqabunga amaningi, kodwa elanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthamba nobumnandi). Ukutshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme nokufihlwa uqalo kugcina izinga elihle le-theanine ngisho nasemaqabungeni avuthiwe kakhulu.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (2.5–4% wesisindo esomile — ephakeme kancane kunamabanga anamaqabunga kuphela, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqabunga avuthiwe), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
• Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (usinda ngokwengxenye), amavithamini eqembu B, i-β-carotene.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride, i-iron — isethi ejwayelekile yezinto zase-Wǔyí eziphakeme ezisekela enhlabathini ye-quartzite.
• Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-β-ionone, i-nonanal — kwakha iphunga lezimbali nobusi eliyisici. Iqabunga elivuthiwe kakhulu liletha amanothi engeziwe “afudumele” (i-maltol, i-furfural) ngenxa yokusabela kwe-Maillard ngesikhathi sokusoma.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

• Ikhuthaza amandla futhi ikhuphule ukugxila ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine; umphumela wokukhuthaza — uyalingana, awunazo iziqongo ezibukhali.
• Inomphumela we-antioxidant: i-theaflavins kanye nama-catechin asasele anciphisa ama-radicals mahhala futhi asekela ukuvikela kwamangqamuzana.
• Iyafudumeza futhi isekela ukugayeka kokudla okunethezekile — itiye elibomvu linomthelela omncane, omnene esiswini (暖胃, nuǎn wèi); lifaneleka ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokudla.
• Isiza impilo yesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: ama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu asekela ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi futhi angasiza ekwandiseni ukujwayelekile komfutho wegazi.
• Iqukethe i-fluoride nama-polyphenol, anenzuzo empilweni yomlomo: ukuqinisa uqweqwe lwawo nokuvimbela amagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Inomphumela omncane wokuqhubeza ukuchama; isiza ekukhipheni ubuthi emzimbeni.
• Isiza ukususa ukukhathala nokubuyisela amandla ngemuva kokucindezeleka kwengqondo nomzimba.
• Iphunga elinothe lobusi kanye ne-L-theanine ekuyo kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka.

9. Ukutshala:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C. Ngokungafani ne-Jīn Jùnméi entekenteke, i-Tóngjùnméi enamaqabunga ayo avuthiwe kahle ivuleka kahle ezingeni lokushisa eliseduze nokubila; lokhu kuvumela ukukhishwa okugcwele “komzimba” ojiyile nokujula kobusi. Umkhuba ojwayelekile phakathi kwezingcweti zase-Tóngmù — ukutshala ngamanzi abilayo agqamile.
• Inani letiye: Ama-3–5 g ku-100–120 ml (i-gongfu); ama-3–4 g ku-200–300 ml (ukuminyanisa enkomishini noma isitayela saseYurophu).
• Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn emhlophe yobumba (盖碗) engu-100–120 ml — ivumela ukujabulela iphunga nombala; itiye yobumba noma yengilazi. Ukuze utshale nsuku zonke, inkomishi ejwayelekile enesembozo nayo ingasebenza.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza i-gàiwǎn ngamanzi abilayo, ukhiphe amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye, uvale ngesembozo imizuzwana engu-3–5 — donsa umoya “wephunga elomile” lobusi.
  3. Ukugeza: ukuchitheka okusheshayo imizuzwana engu-1–2, kukhishwe (uma uthanda — ungakweqa).
  4. Ukuchitheka kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-5–10.
  5. Ukuchitheka okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5; kusukela ekuchithekeni kwesi-6–7 — ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu (kuze kufike emizuzwaneni engu-15–20).
  6. Isibalo sokuchitheka: 8–12 nangaphezulu — i-Tóngjùnméi yiyona ehlala isikhathi eside ekutshalweni phakathi kwawo wonke amabanga e-Jùnméi ngenxa yeqabunga elijiyile, elivuthiwe. Ngokukhethekile ekuchithekeni kwakamuva lapho kwembulwa khona ubumnandi bayo obujulile obujulile obusayina.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivaleka kahle nesingabonakali (ikani likathayela noma lobumba, isikhwama esivala umoya esinezingqimba ze-foil), endaweni eyomile epholile ngezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-22–25 °C, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga eziyi-18–24. I-Tóngjùnméi izinzile uma igcinwe; ngaphansi kwezimo ezinokucophelela, iyakuvumela ukuvuthwa kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-2–3, lapho iphunga lithamba, futhi ukunambitheka kuzuza ubuhle obengeziwe. Ukugcinwa efrijini akudingekile.

11. Intengo Nemikhohlisi:

I-Tóngjùnméi — ibanga elithengekayo kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-Jùnméi. Uma intengo yekhilogremu ye-Jīn Jùnméi yangempela yase-Tóngmù ifinyelela emashumini ezinkulungwane zama-yuan, i-Tóngjùnméi (Xiǎo Chìgān / Dà Chìgān) ibiza intengo ephansi kakhulu — kusukela emakhulwini ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-yuan ngo-500 g, kuye ngendawo yokuvuna nengcweti ethize. Noma kunjalo, i-Tóngjùnméi nayo iyakhohliswa kakhulu: ngenxa yokuthandwa “kwesitayela sase-Tóngmù”, imakethe igcwele izilingiso ezivela kwezinye izindawo zase-Fújiàn (Zhènghé, Tányáng, Jiàn’ōu) ngisho nasezifundazweni ezingomakhelwane.

• Ungayigwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
  1. Thenga kubakhiqizi base-Tóngmù noma kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe abanohide olubonakalayo lokuhlinzeka; kuhle — kukhonjiswe igama lengcweti eyakhayo (实名制, shímíng zhì).
  2. Ukubukeka: i-Tóngjùnméi yangempela — “ingxenye ephuzi, ingxenye emnyama” (hhayi emnyama ngokuphelele futhi hhayi esagolide ngokugqamile); ukusonteka — okwemvelo, akukalingani ngokuphelele; iqabunga — akulona elincane kakhulu (leli akulona ibanga lamaqabunga kuphela).
  3. Ukukhanya: inhlaka yegolide, esobala, enephunga lobusi nokunambitheka okumnandi ngaphandle kobukrakra nokuqina. Ukukhanya okunamafu, okubomvu ngokumnyama noma ubukrakra obugqamile — kuyizimpawu zokushintshwa.
  4. Ukuqina: i-Tóngjùnméi yangempela yase-Tóngmù imelana nokuchitheka okungu-8–12, igcine ukunambitheka nephunga; izilingiso ezishibhile “ziphelelwa” ngemuva kokuchitheka oku-3–4.
  5. Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo yetiye elinegama elithi “桐木关” / “正山” — cishe ingumgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Igama elithi “Tóngjùnméi” alisetshenziswa ezitolo ezithengisa kumthengi. Ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé yaba ngowokuqala ukuphakamisa ukuqamba kabusha: “Phambi kwayo kukhona igolide nesiliva; ithusi ngeke lisathengiswa ngentengo enhle”. Kwavela kanjalo amagama okuhweba athi “Xiǎo Chìgān” (小赤甘 — lisuselwa eqabungeni + amaqabunga angu-2) no-“Dà Chìgān” (大赤甘 — lisuselwa eqabungeni + amaqabunga angu-3 avuthiwe kakhulu). Lawa magama aba izikhundla zokuthengisa ezizimele.
• Ngokwe-“Jùnméi lìng”, kusuka ku-Jùnméi kungenziwa futhi ne-“Jùnméi bīng” (骏眉冰 — iqhwa/ibandayo) kanye ne-“Jùnméi bǐng” (骏眉饼 — icindezelwe laba isinkwa). Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ngokungavamile kakhulu futhi zithathwa njengeziqoqwayo.
• Ku-500 g we-Jīn Jùnméi kusebenza amaqabunga angu-50,000–58,000; ku-500 g we-Tóngjùnméi — amahlumela ambalwa kakhulu (ngalinye linesisindo esikhulu). Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuphambana kwentengo.
• Ingcweti-umsunguli u-Liáng Jùndé — iyingcweti yetiye yofuzo, owaqala ukusebenza ngetiye eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili: ugogo wakhe, owesifazane onezinyawo eziboshwe ngebhandeshi, wayengakwazi ukunyova itiye ngezinyawo (indlela yendabuko yokusonteka e-Tóngmù) futhi wafundisa umzukulu. Ngo-2008, u-Liáng washiya inkampani i-“Zhèngshān cháyè” futhi wasungula eyakhe ifektri i-“Jùndé cháchǎng” (骏德茶厂), eyaba ngomunye wabakhiqizi abayisilinganiso bochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi.
• Izakhamuzi zase-Tóngmù zikhuluma isigodi sase-Jiāngxī (hhayi isi-Fújiàn sase-Mǐnnán), futhi imindeni eminingi ilandelela uhlu lozalo lwayo esifundazweni sase-Jiāngxī: ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé, ngokombhalo womlando womndeni, uyinzalo yabafuduki base-Guìxī (贵溪, isigodi esisezansi kwentaba i-Lónghǔshān) — okhokho bakhe bathuthela e-Tóngmù eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-500 edlule.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu ochungechunge lwe-Jùnméyi kanye ne-Xiǎozhǒng:

• I-Jīn Jùnméi (金骏眉, Jīn Jùnméi): Ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu — amaqabunga ahlanzekile, avunwa nge-Qīngmíng. Ukukhanya — kusagolide futhi kubonakala kahle, umbala “we-amber efudumele”; iphunga — licolekile kakhulu, lezimbali nobusi nenothi le-lánhuā (orchid); ukunambitheka — okusilika, okutekenteke, kugcizelela ubumnandi “nokunyakaza komoya”. Uma kuqhathaniswa nayo, i-Tóngjùnméi — “isemhlabeni” kakhulu, ijiyile, icebile, “inomzimba” ogqamile nokukhuthazela okukhulu ekutshalweni.
• I-Yín Jùnméi (银骏眉, Yín Jùnméi): Ibanga elimaphakathi — iqabunga elingu-1 + iqabunga elingu-1, ukuhlunga nge-Gǔyǔ. Isimilo esiphakathi phakathi kokunyakaza komoya kwe-Jīn nokugcwala komzimba kwe-Tóng: iphunga — lezimbali nezithelo, ukunambitheka — okumnandi ngokuhleleka okuncane, umzimba — ophakathi.
• I-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng — ebhenywayo yendabuko (正山小种 传统烟熏): Isitayela sakudala esibhenywa ngezinkuni zikaphayini (松烟, sōngyān). Iphunga — intuthu, i-longan, izithelo ezomile; ukunambitheka — okuqinile, “okunentuthu nokumnandi”. I-Tóngjùnméi ayinalo inothi lentuthu; isimilo sayo — ubusi obuhlanzekile nezimbali.
• I-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng — engenantuthu (正山小种 无烟): Inguqulo yesimanje ye-Xiǎozhǒng ngaphandle kokubhenywa. Ngesitayela, isondele kakhulu ku-Tóngjùnméi, yize kunjalo, indinganiso yokuvuna ye-Xiǎozhǒng — iyaguquguquka kakhulu (kusuka eqabungeni + amaqabunga angu-1–2 kuya ezintweni ezivuthiwe kakhudlwana); kanti i-Tóngjùnméi izibeka njengengxenye yochungechunge oluyiprimiyamu olunokulawula okuqinile kwekhwalithi nobuchwepheshe.
• ILǎocóng Hóngchá (老枞红茶, Lǎocóng Hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu elivela emahlumelini amadala ase-Tóngmù, ambozwe ngobulembu. Linokunambitheka okuhlukile “okunobulembu” (枞味) nokumuncu kanye nobusha “basolwandle”. I-Tóngjùnméi, eyenziwe nge-lǎocóng, ihlanganisa zombili lezi zimilo, kodwa emakethe amaqoqo anjalo ahlukaniswa abe yisigaba esihlukile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Tóngjùnméi — “iqhawe lesizwe” lochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi: inalokho okufanayo kwezakhi zofuzo zomhlaba wase-Tóngmù — amahlumela asendle e-qízhǒng, inkungu yasezintabeni, amahlathi oqalo, inhlabathi ye-quartzite, — kodwa ikwembula ngefomethi egcwele kakhudlwana, ecebile futhi entando yeningi. Ukujula kobusi, ukufudumala kwethusi nokukhuthazela okumangalisayo kuyenza ibe itiye elihle lansuku zonke kulabo abazisa itiye langempela elibomvu lase-Wǔyí ngaphandle kokukhokha ngokweqile ngebanga “lesagolide”. Zama ukutshala i-Tóngjùnméi ngamanzi abilayo agqamile ku-gàiwǎn emhlophe yobumba bese ulandelela ukuthi kusukela ekuchithekeni kuya kokunye iphunga liguquka kanjani lisuka ezimbalini liye ezithelweni bese lidlulela phambili — ekubeni ubusi obuhlanzekile, obugonayo. Ngokukhethekile ekuchithekeni kwesishiyagalombili kuya kweshumi lapho i-Tóngjùnméi yembulwa ngokugcwele — futhi kungaleso sikhathi lapho kuqondakala khona ukuthi kungani “ithusi” lase-Tóngmù libiza kakhulu kune “golide” lezinye izindawo eziningi.