Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu

Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu lingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza amadala kunawo wonke aseShayina, anomlando wokulinywa ongaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1700. Leli “tiye lamafu nenkungu” elivela eNtabeni iTiantai esifundazweni iZhejiang libambe isikhundla esikhethekile emlandweni womhlaba wonke wetiye: kulapho kwaqala khona ukuthathwa kwembewu yetiye nobuchwepheshe bangeniswa eJapane naseKorea, futhi kamuva – ogwini lweLake Xihu, lapho kwazalwa khona i-Long Jing edumile. ITiantai inelungelo lokuthiwa “Umthombo WetiyeyaseJiangnan” (江南茶源) kanye “Nokhokho WetiyeyaseJaphanenaseKorea” (韩日茶祖).

1. Izimpawu Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Eliyingxenye yokugazinga nokomisa (半炒半烘, bàn chǎo bàn hōng) – lapho ukugazinga kugqame kakhulu. Alivutshelwa, izinga lokuxubana nomoya womthetho liphansi kakhulu.
• Isigaba: ItiyelomlandolidumilelesifundazweniiZhejiang (浙江历史名茶). Lingenye yamatiye amane omlandoli adumile eZhejiang. Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo oluvikelwe (中国国家地理标志产品, wabhaliswa ngowezi-2010). Lifakiwe ohlwini lwe-“Amtiya Adumile AseShayina” (《中国名茶》) ngaphansi kwenombolo yesithupha.
• Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe iZhejiang (浙江省), idolobhakazi iTaizhou (台州市, Táizhōu shì), isifunda iTiantai (天台县, Tiāntái xiàn). Itiye lenziwa eziqongweni zezintaba zaseTiantai, elidume kakhulu kuthiwa liyilelo elivela esiqongweni esikhulu – iHuadíng (华顶, 1098 m), yingakho ngokomlando libuye laziwe njenge-Huadíng Yúnwùchá (华顶云雾茶) noma kalula iHuadíng chá (华顶茶).
• Imixhumanisi Yendawo: 28°57′–29°21′ N, 120°41′–121°16′ E (indawo yegama elivikelwe, ehlanganisa izindawo eziwu-15 zesifunda iTiantai).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando: Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu linomlando oqoshiwe obedlula yonke eminye, phakathi kwawo wonke amatiye aluhlaza aseShayina.

  Ukuqala kokulinywa kwetiye eNtabeni iTiantai kuthathwa kusukela ekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Eastern Han (ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-2 – ekuqaleni lekhulu lesi-3 AD). Ngokwe-“Incazelo Ephelele Yezintaba ZaseTiantai” (《天台山全志》), umfundisi wamaDao uGe Xuan (葛玄, Gě Xuán, 164–244 AD) “wabeka ingadi yetiye eNtabeni Huadíng” (葛玄植茶之圃已上华顶山). Le ngadi, eyaziwa ngokuthi “Ingadi Yetiye KaGe Ongafi” (葛仙茗圃, Gě Xiān míng pǔ), ithathwa njengengadi yetiye endala kunazo zonke eziqinisekisiwe ngamabhuku esifundeni saseJiangnan – ineminyaka engaphezu kwe-1700.

  Ngesikhathi seNorth and South Dynasties (420–589 AD), umeluleki wamaBuddha uZhiyi (智顗, Zhìyǐ, 538–597 AD), umsunguli wesikole seTiantai, wayezilolongela eNtabeni Huadíng “ukwenqaba iwayini nokuhlala azindla, ephuza itiye ukuze ahlale ephapheme”. Umfundi wakhe uZhìzàng (智藏) wanikela ngaleli tiye kuMbusi uSui Yang-di ukuze alashwe isifo – lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zakuqala zokusetshenziswa kwetiye ngenjongo yokwelapha enkantolo yobukhosi.

  Enkathini yeTang, “umkhululi wetiye” uLu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) wabhala kwi-“Canon of Tea” (《茶经》): “I-Taizhou, isifunda iShifeng – [itiye], elizalelwa e-Chicheng, lilingana [netiyelase]-Shezhou” (台州始丰县生赤城者，与歙同), ebeka itiyelaseTiantai ezingeni elifanayo namatiye adumile ase-Anhui.

  Indima ebalulekile emlandweni wetiye lomhlaba wonke kwaba ukudluliswa kwesiko letiye lisuka eTiantai liya eJapane naseKorea. Ngo-804, indela yaseJapane uSaichō (最澄) yaqhamuka eTiantai izofunda ubuBuddha, kwathi lapho ibuyela ekhaya, yahambisa imbewu yetiye eyayitshala eNtabeni Hiei (比叡山) – kwaqubuka kanjalo i-“Hiyoshi Tea Garden” edumile (日吉茶園). Enkathini yeSouthern Song, indela u-Eisai (栄西, 1141–1215 AD) yavakashela iTiantai kabili, yahambisa ngeyesibili izindlela zokulinywa nokucutshungulwa kwetiye futhi yabhala umbhalo odumile othi “Incwadi Yokuphuza Itiye Ukuze Kugcinwe Impilo” (《喫茶養生記》, Kissa Yōjōki), lapho yamemeza khona: “Itiye lingumuthi omangalisayo oletha ukuphila isikhathi eside” (茶是養生之仙薬，延年益寿之妙術). U-Eisai ubizwa ngokuthi “uLu Yu waseJapane”.

  Enkathini yeNorthern Song, itiyelaseTiantai lafakwa ohlwini lwezipho eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi (贡茶). Imbongi uSong Qi (宋祁) yalidumisa ngalo mugqa: “Izulu lamaBuddha lethulisa umazolo oyigugu nokude” (佛天雨露流珍远). Le nkulumo yaduma, futhi itiyelaqanjwa ngegama lokubonga elithi “Umazolo Wezulu LamaBuddha, Umlomo Ongelasenteni Yenkosi” (佛天雨露，帝苑仙浆).

  Ngesikhathi se-Qing, isazi setiye uPeng Ying (彭颖) kwi-“Notisi Ngetiye LaseNtabeni Huadíng” (《记华顶茶说》) wabhala: “IHuadíng yethu yaseTaiwan iphakama phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezintaba, amafu nenkungu kuyashubisa, futhi kwakhiwa itiyelihle kakhulu… alikho iJiangxi noma iLuojiengasilingana nalo”.

  Emlandweni wakamuva: ngo-1979, iTiāntáishān Yúnwùchá lafakwa eqenjini lokuqala lamatiye adumile omlando aseZhejiang ayebuye akhiwe kabusha. Ngo-2010, kwatholakala ukubhaliswa kukahulumeni kophawu lwendawo (地理标志证明商标). Ngo-2012, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bafakwa ohlwini lwefa lamasiko elingaphatheki esifundazweni iZhejiang.

• Igama: ITiantai (天台山) – iyintaba esempumalanga yeZhejiang, intaba engcwele yobuDao nobuBuddha besikole iTiantai. I-Yunwu (云雾) – “amafu nenkungu”, okuyinkomba yesimo sezulu esiphakeme ezintabeni lapho kukhula khona itiye. I-Cha (茶) – “itiye”. Igama eligcwele ngokuqondile lisho: “Itiyelamafulenekunguelivela eZintabeni ZaseTiantai”. Igama elihlukile lomlando – i-Huadíng Yúnwùchá (华顶云雾茶), ngesiqongo esikhulu sentaba.

• Ukubaluleka kwesiko: Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu alilona nje itiyelasendaweni, kodwa lingenye yamaphuzu abalulekile emlandweni wetiyelomhlaba wonke. INtaba iTiantai ingumthombo “womzila wasolwandle wetiye” (茶叶海上之路): kusuka eTiantai yasendulo kunqamula inhloko-dolobha yombuso iYue – iShaoxin – kuya echwebeni laseMingzhou (iNingbo yanamuhla) bese kudlulela ngasolwandle eJapane. Imbewu yetiye yaseTiantai ayigcinanga ngokuba yisisekelo sesiko letiyelaseJapane, kodwa futhi, ngokombono owamukelekayo, kwathi lapho ifika endaweni yaseHangzhou ngesikhathi seSouthern Dynasties, kamuva yaveza iXi Hu Long Jing. Ukuhlobana kwetiye nobuBuddha besikole iTiantai kwaveza isiko eliyingqayizivele “lokunikela ngetiye kuma-arhat” (罗汉供茶, Luóhàn gòng chá) ethempelini laseFangguang ebhulohweni letshe laseShiliang, eladluliselwa ethempelini lase-Eiheiji eJapan futhi lisagcinwa lapho kuze kube namuhla.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Izinhlobonhlobo / I-Cultivar: Izinhlobonhlobo zomdabu zomphakathi (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng) – ingxube yofuzo eyakheka ngokomlando yemigqa, evumelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo sasezintabeni zaseTiantai. Izihlahla zinamandla okumelana neqhwa futhi zinenkathi emfishane yokukhula, kodwa zikhiqiza amahlumela anomthamo ophakeme wama-amino acid.
• Ukuvunwa: Kuphela entwasahlobo (春茶). Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo ezintabeni (izinga lokushisa lonyaka lonke eHuadíng liyi-12,2°C), amabhabha aqhakaza kamuva kakhulu kunezindawo eziphansi. Ukuqala kokuvuna – emva kwe-Xiaoman (小满, “Ukugcwala Okuncane”, cishe ngoMeyi 20–22), okuyisikhathi esiyimaviki ama-3–4 kamuva kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza aseZhejiang. Ngokwemithombo yekhulu le-Qing, izindela zaseHuadíng zazivuna itiye “ngempela eduze ne-Lixia” (立夏, “Ukuqala Kwehlobo”), “ngoba le ndawo ibanda, futhi [itiye] livuthwa kamuva”.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ibhabha elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶至一芽二叶初展).
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela kumele aqine, anoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Ukuze kugcinwe isimo esiyingqayizivele setiye, kuvunwa kuphela amahlumela entwasahlobo – akuvunwa ehlobo nasekwindla.

4. Indawo (Terroir) Kanye Nezici Zokukhulisa:

• Ukwakheka kwendawo kanye nokuma kwezwe: Inkaba yezintaba iTiantai isuka enyakatho-mpumalanga iye eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ixhumanisa iRange iXianxialing ne-archipelago yaseZhoushan, futhi iyindawo ehlukanisa amanzi imifula iCao’e neYongjiang. Isiqongo esikhulu – iHuadíng (华顶峰, 1098 m), sizungezwe umjikelezo weziqongo, “njengamacembe e-lotus, kanti iHuadíng iyimbali yawo ephakathi nendawo” (状如百叶莲花，华顶正当花之顶). Izingadi zamatiye zitholakala ikakhulukazi ekuphakameni okungu-800–900 m, zitheleleke ngezindawo ezincane phakathi kwehlathi.
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 600–1098 m. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu – kusuka ku-800–900 m eduze kwesiqongo iHuadíng kanye nomhume odumile iGuiyundong (归云洞, “Umhume Wamafu Abuyayo”), eduze nengadi yetiye endala “KaGe Ongafi”.
• Isimo sezulu: Esiphakeme ezintabeni, esibi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lonke endaweni yaseHuadíng lilinganiselwa ku-12,2°C (esigabeni sesifunda – 17,1°C). Imvula yonyaka – cishe 1900 mm. Zonke izinkathi ezine zigutshwa inkungu eshubile, ebusika ukuna kweqhwa kujwayelekile. Abantu bendawo bathi: “EHuadíng akukho nyanga yesithupha [okusho ihlobo]; uma umoya wasebusika uphuma – kuba khona iqhwa ngokushesha” (华顶山上无六月，冬来阵风便下雪). Isimo sezulu esibi kangaka sibambezela ukukhula, kodwa sisiza ekwandiseni ama-amino acid nezinto ezinephunga elimnandi.
• Inhlabathi: Izinhlabathi eziyisihlabathi ezithambile zasezintabeni (砂质壤土, shāzhì rǎng tǔ), ezijulile futhi ezinomsoco, ezinomthamo ophakeme wezinto eziphilayo. Isimo esine-acidic (pH 4,5–6,0), esinothe ngamaminerali – i-zinc ne-selenium.
• Ezolimo: Ngokomlando, izihlahla zamatiye zazitshalwa zitheleleke, ngamaqoqo amancane phakathi kwezihlahla eziphakeme – ama-cedar aseJapan (柳杉), ophayini begolide (金钱松), ama-rhododendron noqalo, ezakha “izikrini” zemvelo ezivikela emimoyeni yasezintabeni. Ebusika, inhlabathi igqitshwa ngamaqabunga oqalo notshani obomile ukuze kugcinwe umswakama kanye nomanyolo owengeziwe. Amasimu anamuhla nawo aphathwa ngendlela evumelana nemvelo – ngo-2022, sonke isifunda iTiantai saqinisekiswa njengesizinda sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezolimo “eluhlaza” yesifundazwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu ngokomlando kwakuyitiye eliluhlaza eligaqiweyo kuphela (炒青绿茶), kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lobu buchwepheshe batshintshwa baba uhlobo olugaqiwe nolomisiwe (半炒半烘), lapho ukugazinga kugqame kakhulu. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngesandla.

• Ukunqamulela iqabunga elisha (鲜叶摊放 — xiān yè tānfàng): Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuniwe zinwetshwa ngendlela emfushane endaweni enomoya ukuze kulinganiswe umswakama futhi kuqalwe ukuthuthukisa iphunga.
• Ukuqinisa ngokushisa okuphezulu (高温杀青 — gāowēn shāqīng): “Ukubulala okuluhlaza” kwenziwa ngokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kumiswe ngokuphelele izinqubo zokuvutshelwa nokwakha isisekelo sephunga. Kusetshenziswa i-wok.
• Ukuphephetha nokunqamulela ukuze kuphole (煽热摊凉 — shān rè tānliáng): Iqabunga elishisayo linwetshwa ngokushesha futhi liphephetwa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa, kuvinjelwe “ukufuthwa” nokuphuzi.
• Ukusonga kancane (轻揉 — qīng róu): Ukusongwa ngobumnene ngesandla-ukuhlikihla (搓揉, cuō róu) ukuze kubhidlizwe isakhiwo samaseli nokwakha ukwakheka ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu amahlumela.
• Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘 — chū hōng): Ukomiswa kancane ukuze kwehliswe umswakama kufike ezingeni eliphakathi.
• Ukupholisa futhi (煽热摊凉): Omunye umjikelezo wokuphephetha nokunqamulela.
• Ukugazinga e-wok (入锅炒制 — rù guō chǎozhì): Ukwakheka kokugcina nokunambitha, ukomiswa kanye “nokukhipha uboya” (提毫, tíháo) – lapho iphenduka e-wok, uboya obumhlophe ebusweni beqabunga buyasungula futhi bubonakale.
• Ukomisa kokugcina ngezinga eliphansi lokushisa (低温辉焙 — dīwēn huī bèi): Ukomiswa okuphelele ngezinga eliphansi lokushisa ukuze kuqiniswe umswakama, kubanjwe iphunga futhi kuqinisekiswe ukulondolozeka.
• Ukupholisa nokupakisha (稍凉装箱): Itiye eliphelele liyapholiswa kancane bese lipakishwa ngokuvaleka.

6. Izici Zezimvo (Organoleptic):

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Licijile futhi lisongeke ngokuqinile, licishe ligobe (细紧弯曲, xìjǐn wānqū). Amahlumela aqinile, anoboya obumhlophe obuningi obubonakalayo (芽毫壮实显露). Umbala – uluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo (翠绿光润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Liphakeme futhi lihlanzekile (清高, qīnggāo), linamathoni amantongomane-amakhesteni (栗香, lìxiāng). Ukuqina kwephunga kuyinto ethandekayo – aliphumi masinyane.
• Iphunga lomhluzo: Linamandla, liphakeme, lihlala isikhathi eside (高锐浓郁持久). Ithoni yamakhesteni inezela iphunga elimnandi-eliqhakazayo elithambile. Ezindleleni ezingcono kakhulu ezivela eHuadíng, iphunga lichazwa ngokuthi “linjenge-orchid” (芳味如兰).
• Ukunambitheka: Kujulile futhi kusuthisayo (浓厚, nónghòu), kanti kuhlanzekile futhi “kumsulwa” (鲜爽清冽, xiānshuǎng qīngliè). Kunambitheka kamnandi kakhulu (甘甜, gāntián), okuzwakala kusukela esigabeni sokuqala. Ubukrakra obuncane nokububayo kuncane. Ukunambitheka okusemva – kuhlala isikhathi eside, ubumnandi obubuyayo (回甘, huígān) buza ngokushesha nangobumnene. Itiyelimelana nokuphiliswa kaninginingi – “ukuphiliswa izikhathi ezintathu, kodwa iphunga alilahleki” (冲泡三次尤有余香).
• Umbala womhluzo: Uluhlaza-ophuzi obuthambile, okhanyayo futhi ocwebezelayo (嫩绿明亮 / 嫩黄清澈).
• Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga eliphekekile): Lithambile, lilinganiselene, liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocwebezelayo (嫩匀绿明). Amahlumela avuleka ngokuphelele, ebonisa uhla lwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Amazinga aphakathi nendawo etiyeni eliluhlaza eliphakeme ezintabeni – cishe 16–22%. Izinga le-catechin eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye asezindaweni eziphansi libangelwa ukuphakama, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, nokukhanya okusakazekile, okuyinto echaza ukunambitheka okupholile, okungaqinile. Ama-catechin abalulekile: EGCG, ECG, EGC.
• Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸): Amazinga aphakeme – lokhu kungenye yezici eziyisihluthulelo zomhlaba wamafu nenkungu ophakeme ezintabeni. I-L-theanine igqamile, enquma “ubumnandi obusha” nengxenye yokuphumula. Ngokwemithombo yolwazi, amazinga ama-amino acid aphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza esifunda.
• I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Izinga elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza – cishe 2.5–3.5% wesisindo esomile. Ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine ephezulu, kunikeza ukuvuswa okuthambile ngaphandle kokucasula kakhulu izinzwa.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (amazinga aphakeme ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obunakekela obugazingiwe), amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), i-vitamin E.
• Amaminerali: I-Zinc, i-selenium (okuyisici sezindawo ezinezintaba zaseTiantai), i-potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride.
• Amafutha abalulekile nemikhiqizo enephunga: Iphunga lamakhesteni lakhiwa ama-pyrazine nama-furan compounds ngesikhathi sokugazinga. Ithoni yeimbali – i-linalool, i-geraniol. Ukuqina kwephunga okuhlala isikhathi eside kuhlobene nenhlanganisela yokugazinga nokomisa kokugcina ngezinga eliphansi lokushisa.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvusa amandla okuthambile nokuhlanza ingqondo: Izinga eliphezulu le-L-theanine ngokuhlangana ne-caffeine linikeza ukuqabuleka okuzolile, okugxilile – itiyelifanele kangcono imisebenzi yokuzindla, okuyinto echaza ukuhlobana kwalo namakhulu eminyaka nobuBuddha.
• Ukuvikela ngama-antioxidant: Ama-catechin ne-vitamin C ngokuhlanganyela ahlinzeka ngokuphelisa ama-free radical.
• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenol ashukumisa ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya, asiza ekuhlukaniseni amafutha.
• Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuphuza itiyeliluhlaza njalo elinamazinga aphezulu e-catechin kungasiza ekulawuleni amazinga e-cholesterol nomfutho wegazi.
• Ukuqinisa amasotsha omzimba: I-Vitamin C, ama-polyphenol, nama-micro element (i-zinc, i-selenium) anomphumela wokuqinisa umzimba wonke jikelele.
• Ukusekela imisebenzi yokwazi: I-L-theanine isiza ekukhiqizeni amaza e-α ebuchosheni, ithuthukisa ukugxila nenkumbulo.
• Umsebenzi wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Ama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, anezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala.
• Ukuphikisana: Akunconywa ngesisu esingenalutho (ama-tannin angacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu). Uma uzwela nge-caffeine – phuza engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku.

9. Ukuphiliswa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–85°C. Ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezithambile kakhulu (特级, ibhabha elilodwa) – 75–80°C. Amanzi abilayo awanconywa ngokuphelele: uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-85°C, i-chlorophyll iyabhidlika, umhluzo uba nephuzi, futhi kuvela ubukrakra obunzima.
• Isisindo senkomishi: 3 g ku-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50). Kwi-gaiwan: 5 g ku-100–120 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯) – inketho enconywayo, ekwenza ukwazi ukubuka ukuvuleka okuhle kwamahlumela. I-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗) ukuze uphile ngokulawulwa okukhulu.
• Inqubo:
  1. Futhumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwalahle.
  2. Thela itiye engilazini.
  3. Kunconywa indlela “yokuthela phezulu” (上投法, shàng tóu fǎ): qale ugcwalise ingilazi ngamanzi kufike ku-70% yomthamo, bese wehlisa itiyefuthi uliyeke licwile kancane emanzini.
  4. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala – linda imizuzu emi-2-3. Kwi-gaiwan: ukuhlambulula kusengaphambili (润茶) – imizuzwana emi-5, ukuthela kokuqala – imizuzwana engama-20-30.
  5. Uma uphuza engilazini, yidla lapho usuphuze ⅓ – engeza amanzi (indlela “yokuthela kathathu”).
  6. Isibalo sokuphuzwa: 3–5 (engilazini), kuze kufike ku-5–6 (kwi-gaiwan). Iphunga ligcina ngisho nasekuthelweni kwesithathu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvalekile – isikhwama esine-foil ngaphakathi kwethini noma ikani likathayela. Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, emanzini nasemvumeni angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu – esiqandisini, 0–5°C, ngokuvaleka okuqinile. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje (kuze kube yizinyanga ezi-2) – endaweni epholile emnyama.
• Isikhathi sokulondolozeka: Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu – ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-6–12 ngemva kokukhiqizwa. Itiyelisha linconywa ukuthi lihlale izinsuku eziwu-10–15 emaphaketheni avaliwe ukuze “kukhishwe umlilo” (褪火气) ngaphambi kokuphuzwa. Ngemva kokuvula iphakethe – sebenzisa phakathi namasonto ama-2-3 ukuze kugcinwe ukusha kwephunga.

11. Intengo Namaphekeli:

• Isigaba sentengo: Kukhulu ububanzi. Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu elivamile – kusuka ku-200 yuan nge-500 g. Itiye laseHuadíng lezinga eliphezulu – kusuka ku-1000 yuan nangaphezulu. Intengo incike ekuphakameni okuqondile kwendawo, izinga lezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nodumo lomkhiqizi.
• Uzoyigwema kanjani imikhonyovu:
  • Ukuhlola ukwakheka: Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu langempela – licijile, licishe ligobe, linoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Amaqabunga amaholoholo, awugqinsi, aphansi – uphawu lokushintshwa.
  • Ukuhlola iphunga: Ithoni yangempela yamakhesteni enomculo “ophezulu” ohlanzekile. Uma iphunga lifiphele, “linotshani” noma linemvumo angaphandle – itiyelisemgangathweni ophansi noma liyikhonyovu.
  • Ukuhlola umhluzo: Uluhlaza obuthambile noma ophuzi obuthambile, okhanyayo futhi ocwebezelayo. Umhluzo omnyama noma oluzuba – uphawu lwetiye elidala noma ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisekile.
  • Ukuqina kokuphekwa: Itiyelangempela ligcina iphunga ekuthelweni kwesithathu ngisho nasekuteni kwesine. Ukulahleka masinyane kokunambitheka – uphawu lokushintshwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivela ezindaweni eziphansi.
  • Umsuka: Cela isiqinisekiso esivela endaweni enophawu lwendawo oluvikelwe (isifunda iTiantai, izindawo eziwu-15). Itiyelithengiswa ngaleli gama, kodwa elikhiqizwa ngaphandle kwendawo evikelwe, alilona langempela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• UGe Xuan, obeka i-“Ngadi Yetiye KaGe Ongafi” eNtabeni Huadíng cishe ngo-238 AD (三国吴赤乌元年), wayengeyena umBuddha, kodwa wayengumfundisi wamaDao. Kanjalo, Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu liyisibonelo esingajwayelekile setiyelazalwa lapho kuhlangana khona amasiko amabili amakhulu omoya aseShayina: ubuDao (uGe Xuan) nobuBuddha (uZhiyi, isikole iTiantai).
• Isiko “lokunikela ngetiye kuma-arhat” (罗汉供茶), elasungulelwa ethempelini laseFangguang ebhulohweni letshe laseShiliang (石梁), lachazwa ngokuningiliziwe yindela yaseJapane uJōjin (成寻) ngo-1072 (inkathi yeNorthern Song) futhi kamuva yadluliselwa eJapane, lapho isalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla ethempelini lase-Eiheiji (永平寺).
• Ngokwesimo esivamile, yimbewu yetiyelaseTiantai, eyasakazeka eningizimu endaweni yaseHangzhou ngesikhathi seSouthern Dynasties, kamuva eyaveza iXi Hu Long Jing – itiyeliluhlaza elidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma lobu budlelwano bunembile, iTiantai ingabizwa ngokuthi “umkhulu kaLong Jing”.
• Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo esiphakeme ezintabeni, ukuvunwa kwetiye eHuadíng kuqala kuphela emva kwe-Xiaoman (ekupheleni kukaMeyi), lapho ezindaweni eziningi ezikhiqiza itiye eZhejiang isikhathi sentwasahlobo sesiphelile. Lokhu kwenza Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu libe ngelinye lamatiye aluhlaza entwasahlobo “asekupheleni” kakhulu eShayina.
• Ngeminyaka yawo-2020, isifunda iTiantai sinezinkulungwane eziyi-10.3 mu (cishe amhekthali ayi-6870) ezingadi zamatiye, ukukhiqizwa konyaka kungaphezu kwamathani angu-3000, kanti imboni yetiyelihlanganisa amabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-200 anemali engenayo yonyaka ephelele engaphezu kuka-4.5 bhiliyoni yuan, okwenza kube ngumkhakha wokuqala osekelayo wezolimo esifundeni.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye “amafu nenkungu”:

• I-Lushan Yúnwùchá (庐山云雾茶, Lúshān Yúnwùchá): Itiyelaklasikhi “lamafu nenkungu” elivela esifundazweni iJiangxi. Womabili amatiye – aphakeme ezintabeni, anamazinga aphakeme ama-amino acid kanye nephunga lamakhesteni. Kodwa-ke, i-Lushan Yúnwùchá ivame ukuba nephunga elimuncu ngokugqame kakhulu kanye nesimo “esiqinile”, kanti Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu lidume ngobumnandi obujulile nangokuthamba okukhulu. Ngokusho kwemithombo, Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu lidlula i-Lushan Yúnwùchá “ngongqimba owengeziwe we-chúnxiāng (醇香, iphunga elimnandi-kujulile elisuthisayo)”.
• IXi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Okucatshangwa ukuthi “yinzalo” yembewu yetiyelaseTiantai. ILong Jing – isicaba, egaqiwe ngezinga eliphakeme lokushisa, enephunga likabhontshisi namakhesteni kanye nesimo samafutha. Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu – eligaqiwe nokomisiwe, elisongekile, elinesimo esithambile kanye nobumnandi obugqamile, obudalwe indawo yasezintabeni.
• IHuangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng): Futhi itiyeliphakeme ezintabeni elivela ohlelweni lwezintaba olugutshwe inkungu. IMaofeng ilula, ithambile, inamathoni eimbali; Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu lisongeke futhi lisuthisayo, linephunga lamakhesteni eligqame kakhulu.
• IEnshi Yulu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Lingenye lamatiye ambalwa aluhlaza aseShayina aphehliwe ngesitimu. I-Yulu inikeza iphrofayli “enotshani”, eluhlaza ene-umami ecacile; Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu ngokugazinga kwalo – “kufudumele” kakhulu, kunephunga lamakhesteni eligqamile.

Ekuphetheni:

Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu yitiyelimelana, ngaphandle kokweqisa, umlando wonke wesiko letiye laseMpumalanga Asia. Ukusuka ku-“Ngadi Yetiye KaGe Ongafi” esiqongweni iHuadíng, kudonsa izintambo eziya engadini yetiye yaseJapan iHiyoshi, emasikweni etiye aseKorea, kuze kufike kuLong Jing uqobo. Kodwa noma ungawunaki umlando omkhulu futhi umane nje uthathe inkomishi: amahlumela amancane agobile anoboya obumhlophe, acwilayo kancane emanzini ashisayo; umhluzo obuthambile oluhlaza-ophuzi; iphunga lamakhesteni elihlanzekile, lapho kuzwakala khona ukuhalalisela kwenkungu yamakhulu eminyaka; ukunambitheka okuthambile, okugcwele, okumnandi, okungashabalali ngisho nasekuthelweni kwesithathu, – konke lokhu kwenza Itiye LaseTiantai Linenkungu Nefu libe ngelinye lamatiye aluhlaza ahloniphekile futhi angathandwa kakhulu eShayina.