Tiānshān Lǜchá · new.thetea.app

I-Tiānshān Lǜchá iyitiyeni eliluhlaza elingokomlando elisuka engxenyeni esempumalanga yesifundazwe saseFujian, elaziwa njengenye yezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-hōngqīng yaseFujian (烘青, hōngqīng — itiye eliluhlaza elomisiwe ngokushisa). Itiye lidume ngefomula “yezici ezine”: iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okugcwele, umbala oluhlaza okotshani, nokuqina ekuphindaphindeni (香高、味浓、色翠、耐泡). Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ngokuzikhulula, i-Tiānshān Lǜchá ngokwesiko iyisisekelo samatiye we-jasmine asezingeni eliphezulu, kuhlanganise ne “Tiānshān Yínháo” (天山银毫) edumile.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa nokudabuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga). Isigaba esincane — hōngqīng lǜchá (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá) — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe ngomoya oshisayo (ngokungafani ne-chǎoqīng — elosiwe epanini).
Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lomlando waseShayina (历史名茶, lìshǐ míngchá); itiye lesifunda elinegama lezindawo elivikelwe (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).
Indawo yokudabuka: IShayina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), idolobha laseNingde (宁德, Níngdé), uxhaphozi lwaseJiaocheng (蕉城区, Jiāochéng Qū). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izintaba zeTiānshān emngceleni wezifunda zaseNingde, Gutian (古田, Gǔtián) kanye nePingnan (屏南, Píngnán).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 26°40′–26°58′ N, 119°08′–119°20′ E. Iziqongo eziyinhloko yiTiānshān Dǐng Shān (天山顶山, 1134 m) kanye neTiānshān (天山, 1104 m).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwezesintu:

Umlando. Isiko letiye laseTiānshān lisukela enkathini yeMpumalanga Jin (东晋, Dōng Jìn, ikhulu lesi-4 CE): ekumbeni izinto zakudala ngo-1999 endaweni yanamuhla yaseNingde, kwatholakala izinto zetiye zasendulo eziyi-12, eziqinisekisa ubukhona besiko letiye ngaleyo nkathi. Encwadini ethi “Xīn Táng shū” (新唐书, “Incwadi Entsha kaTang”, isigaba “Geography”) kukhonjiswa ukuthi kakade ngeminyaka ka-940–945, isifunda saseNingde sasithumela eNdlini Yobukhosi i-làmiàn chá (腊面茶, làmiàn chá — itiye elinesinamoni “eline-wax”). Ngenkathi yeSong (宋, 960–1279), lapha kwakukhiqizwa i-tuánchá (团茶) ne-bǐngchá (饼茶), kanye namatiye “obisi” kanye “nodrako”. Cishe ngo-1781, “i-yáchá” (芽茶 — “itiye lezimbali”) laseTiānshān lafakwa ohlwini lwe-gòngchá (贡茶, gòngchá — “iminikelo eNdlini Yobukhosi”).

Imbongi yaseNingizimu Song u-Lù Yóu (陆游, Lù Yóu, 1125–1210) eqoqweni elithi “Jiànnán shī gǎo” (剑南诗稿) wakhuluma ngetiye elisuka kule ndawo, ngaleso sikhathi elaziwa njenge “Zhītí chá” (支提茶, Zhītí chá) — ngegama lesigodlo samaBuddha i-Zhītí Shān. Ngenkathi yeMing (明), uMbusi u-Yǒnglè (永乐, owabusa 1402–1424) wanikeza isiqongo esisenyakatho seZhītí isihloko esithi “Tiānxià dì yī shān” (天下第一山, “Intaba Yokuqala Ngaphansi Kwamazulu”), futhi itiye lathola igama elithi “Tiānshān”. Njengophawu oluzimele, igama elithi “Tiānshān Lǜchá” laqoshwa okokuqala ngo-1940 encwadini yezibalo yaseFujian ethi “Fújiàn chǎnchá zhǒnglèi zhī yánjiū” (福建产茶种类之研究).

Ngemva kokuvulwa kwechweba laseSāndū’ào (三都澳) ngo-1898, itiye eliluhlaza laseTiānshān kanye namatiye we-jasmine akhiqizwe ngalo kwathunyelwa ngobuningi eNgilandi, eMelika, emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nasemakethe yasekhaya (Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou). Ngesikhathi sika-1982–2000, i-Tiānshān Lǜchá yavela endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseFujian emincintiswaneni yesifundazwe izikhathi ezinhlanu, kanti amatiye we-jasmine asekelwe kuyo athola umklomelo omkhulu kazwelonke emkhakheni wamatiye e-floral ngo-1988–1989.

Igama. I-Tiānshān (天山) iyintaba esentshonalanga yesifunda saseJiaocheng, imiswe kusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga, ubude bayo bucishe bube ngu-10 km. I-Lǜchá (绿茶) — “itiye eliluhlaza”. Ngokwezwi nezwi: “Itiye eliluhlaza [lasezintabeni] laseTiānshān”. Ngokomlando, izintaba zazaziwa njenge-Qī Fēng (七峰, “Iziqongo Eziyisikhombisa”), kanti itiye lalinesidlaliso esithi “Qī Fēng Chá” (七峰茶).

Ukubaluleka kwezesintu. I-Tiānshān Lǜchá iwuphawu lwesiko letiye lasempumalanga yeFujian (闽东, Mǐndōng). Isazi setiye esidumile u-Zhāng Tiānfú (张天福, Zhāng Tiānfú, 1910–2017) wabhala isibonakaliso ngesandla: “I-Tiānshān Lǜchá — iphunga nokunambitheka, okuhlukile” (天山绿茶，香味独珍). Ngo-2023, uphawu lwe-”Tiānshān Lǜchá” lwabalwa nge-26.51 bhiliyoni yama-yuan ngaphansi kohlelo lokuhlola amanani amakwei etiye omphakathi waseShayina. Isifunda saseJiaocheng sinesihloko esithi “Zhōngguó Míng Chá Zhī Xiāng” (中国名茶之乡, “Izwe Letiye Elidumile LaseShayina”).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Uhlobo lwesitshalo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Uhlobo lwembewu/okulinywayo: Isisekelo sendabuko sempahla eluhlaza yisiza sendawo (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng), esaziwa ngokujwayelekile njenge-càichá (菜茶, càichá — “itiye lesitshala”), izihlahla ezinamacembe amancane, ezijwayele i-terroir yasezintabeni amakhulu eminyaka. Kusukela ngawo-1960, ezindaweni zetiye kufakwe nezinhlobo ezingcono zeqembu le-Dàbáichá (大白茶, Dàbáichá) kanye nezinhlobo ezinamaphunga aphezulu. Esifundeni saseJiaocheng kutholakale isihlahla setiye sasendle esikhulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni saseFujian: ubude baso buyi-3.5 m, ububanzi bomqhele we-5.2 m, ububanzi besiqu ezansi ngu-0.53 m.
Ukuvuna: Ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo (Ephreli — ekuqaleni kukaMeyi). Amaqoqo aphakeme we-”Léimíng” (雷鸣, “Ukuduma Kwezulu”) avunwa ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu okokuqala entwasahlobo; “Míngqián” (明前) ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qīngmíng (清明, ~5 Ephreli); “Qīngmíng” kanye ne-”Gǔyǔ” (谷雨) ngezikhathi zonyaka ezifanayo.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlamvu lesimbali kanye namacembe amancane angu-1–2 asezingeni lokuqala lokuvuleka (一芽一二叶初展, yī yá yī-èr yè chūzhǎn). Emaqenjini aphakeme kakhulu — izimbali kuphela noma “imbali eyodwa — iqabunga elilodwa” (一芽一叶).
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Impahla eluhlaza kumele ibe yonke, intsha, ingenakulinyazwa ngemishini nokushisa ngokweqile. Ukulethwa kusuka emasimini kuya endaweni yokukhiqiza kumele kube ngokushesha okukhulu.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Ukwakheka komhlaba: Izintaba zeTiānshān (天山) zingamagquma asemngceleni wethambeka lasezweni nolwandle lwaseMpumalanga China, ehlukanisa imifula eminingana yezintaba. Iziqongo eziyinhloko eziyisikhombisa zingaphezu kuka-1500 m. Ingqikithi yendawo yetiye — “Zhèng Tiānshān” (正天山, “iTiānshān yoqobo”) — itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingama-900–1100 m eduze kwamadolobhana aseTiěpíngkēng (铁坪坑), Wài Tiānshān (外天山), Lǐ Tiānshān (里天山) kanye neLípíng (梨坪).
Ubude bokutshalwa: 900–1100 m (ingqikithi); izindawo zetiye ezibanzi — kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-1100 m.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo licishe libe ngu-15 °C. Imvula yonyaka ephakathi nendawo icishe ibe ngu-1900 mm. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku eziqongweni kufinyelela ku-16–18 °C, okunomthelela ekuqongeni kwezinto ze-aroma nama-amino acid eqabungeni.
I-microclimate: Izintaba zihlala zembozwe yinkungu namafu (云雾, yúnwù), okuhlinzeka umswakama ophezulu kanye nokukhanya okuningi okuhlakazekile — izimo ezinhle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwempahla eluhlaza emnene, enothe ngama-amino acid.
Inhlabathi: I-sandy loam (砂质壤土, shāzhì rǎngtǔ), enothe nge-humus futhi ene-acidi encane (pH 4.5–5.5). Ungqimba lwenhlabathi olujulile, ukuba khona kwemifudlana yezintaba kuhlinzeka ukugeleza okuhle kwamanzi nokondla ngamaminerali.
Imvelo: Izindawo zetiye ziphakathi kwamahlathi emvelo, ezindaweni ezinamatshe kanye nasemithambekeni yemihosha. Le ndawo ayikaze ibe nomthelela wezimboni; i-ecosystem igcina isimo sayo soqobo. Eminyakeni yamuva, isifunda siqhuba uhlelo lokufaka esikhundleni komanyolo wamakhemikhali nge-organic kanye nokuyeka ngokuphelele izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Tiānshān Lǜchá ingeyesigaba se-hōngqīng (烘青) — amatiye aluhlaza omiswe ngomoya oshisayo. Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko buchazwa ngefomula ethi “Yī liàng, yī chǎo, èr róu, èr bèi” (一晾、一炒、二揉、二焙 — “ukubilisa okukodwa, ukugazinga okukodwa, ukusonga kabili, ukomisa kabili”). Ukukhiqiza kwesimanje sekushintshele kwinqubo yemishini, kugcinwa ukulandelana okuyisisekelo.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla emahoreni asekuseni. Impahla eluhlaza ilethwa endaweni yokukhiqiza ngobhasikidi boqalo, kuvinjelwe ukuminyana nokushisa.
Ukuhanjiswa/ukubilisa (摊晾, tānliáng): Iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa lihanjiswa ngokwendlaleka okuncane emthunzini emaphaneni oqalo ukuze kuhlanganiswe umswakama kanye nokuhwamuka kokuqala “kokuhlaza okumanzi”. Ubude besikhathi — cishe imizuzu engama-30–60 kuye ngesimo sezulu.
Ukukhiya / “ukubulala ukuhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Isigaba esibalulekile. Ngokwesiko — ukusebenza ngesandla epanini elishisayo (铁锅): iqabunga liyaphonswa futhi liguqulwe, kuze kuvele iphunga letiye elijwayelekile futhi iqabunga lithambe. Izinga lokushisa lepani — 200–220 °C. Ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje, kusetshenziswa imishini yokushāqīng enama-roller noma izigubhu. Inhloso — ukucisha i-enzyme ye-oxidase, ukugcina umbala oluhlaza kanye nokwakha isisekelo sephunga.
Ukusonga kokuqala (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngemva kokupholisa okufushane, iqabunga liyasongwa, kuvulwe umuthi weseli futhi kwakhe imicu eqinile. Ngokwesiko — ngezandla, kusetshenziswa indlela yokugingqa nokucindezela (搓团推揉). Ukufakwa phakathi nendawo (解块, jiě kuài) kuvimbela ukunamathelana.
Ukusonga kabusha nokwakheka (复揉 / 做形, fù róu / zuòxíng): Iqabunga liphinde licutshungulwe epanini elifudumele ukuze kusonge okuqinile futhi kuthole ukuma okujwayelekile — imicu eqinile, eqondile, emincane enobuzaza obumhlophe obubonakalayo.
Ukoma kokuqala / máo huǒ (毛火, máohuǒ): Ukoma ngomoya oshisayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (cishe 100–110 °C) ukwehlisa ngokushesha umswakama ukuya ku-15–20 %.
Ukoma kokugcina / zú huǒ (足火, zúhuǒ): Ukoma okuphelelayo ngezinga lokushisa elehlisiwe (60–80 °C) ukwehlisa umswakama ukuya ku ≤ 6 % kanye nokwembula ngokuphelele iphunga. Kuyilesi sigaba lapho kwakheka ubumnene nobumsulwa bephunga okujwayelekile kwe-hōngqīng.

6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha Nokuhluza:

Ukuma kweqabunga elomile: Imicu eqinile, ephansi, eqondile (条索细长匀整, tiáosuǒ xìcháng yúnzhěng), iqinile futhi impintsha. Umbala — oluhlaza okotshani ogqamile (翠绿, cuìlǜ). Phezulu kubonakala kahle ubuzaza obumhlophe (白毫, báiháo). Umuzwa jikelele — “imikhonto” ehlelekile, emincane enombala osiliva.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Eliphakeme futhi elihlala isikhathi eside (香气浓久清高). Amamaki ahlanzekile e-chestnut-nut, ajwayelekile kumatiye e-hōngqīng, enezelelwe imibala emincane yezimbali — ekhumbuza iphunga le-orchid i-zhūlánhuā (珠兰花, zhūlánhuā — chloranthus).
Iphunga lomhluzo: Elihlanzekile, elimsulwa, eliyimbali-chestnut. Amamaki e-orchid abonakala kakhulu kunaseqabungeni elomile. Iphunga “linobubanzi obuthathu” — livela ngamagagasi lapho inkezo iphola.
Ukunambitheka: Okugcwele, okujiyile (醇厚, chúnhòu), nobumnandi obubonakalayo. Ubusha “nobumanzi” (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) zengezelwa yisakhiwo esincane esibambanayo. Ukunambitheka okusele ngemuva — okude, nobumnandi obubuyayo obukhulayo i-huígān (回甘, huígān), obukhumbuza umnqumo omusha (鲜橄榄, xiān gǎnlǎn). Ukunambitheka kuzinza ekuphindaphindeni okuningi.
Umbala womhluzo: Oluhlaza ogqamile, oshintsha ube oluhlaza okotshani (碧绿, bìlǜ), osobala, nokucwebezela okubonakalayo. Enye yezinto zefomula edumile “yokuhlaza okuthathu” (三绿, sān lǜ): iqabunga eliluhlaza, umhluzo oluhlaza, isisekelo esiluhlaza.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elemanziwe): Eliluhlaza ngobumnene, elinamanzi, elithambile (嫩绿肥厚柔软). Amaqabunga avuleka ngokulingana, egcina ukuhlanzeka — uphawu lokucutshungulwa ngokucophelela.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuqukethwe eqabungeni elomile — 15–22 % (okujwayelekile kumatiye e-hōngqīng asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseFujian). Ingxenye eyinhloko — ama-catechin, lapho igqamisa khona i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kunikeza umsebenzi obonakalayo we-antioxidant kanye nesakhiwo sokunambitheka esijwayelekile.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Okuqukethwe okunyusiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphakathi lamatiye aluhlaza esifundeni — cishe 3.5–4.5 % wesisindo esomile. Ingxenye eyinhloko — i-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸), eyakha ubumnandi be-umami “nobumanzi” bomhluzo. Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid libangelwa ubude bokutshalwa, inkungu eningi kanye nomehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — cishe 3–4 % wesisindo esomile; i-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezinamanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): Okungenani ama-45 % — inkomba ephezulu, efakazela ukugcwala kokunambitheka.
Amavithamini: C (i-ascorbic acid — enye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye ngenxa yokuthi akuvuthwa okuncane), B₂ (i-riboflavin), E (ama-tocopherol), K, i-folic acid.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-selenium (ngamanani amancane, kuhluka ngezindawo ezincane).
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezinamaphunga: I-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol, i-cis-3-hexenol — zakha iphrofayili yephunga eliyimbali-chestnut, ejwayelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-hōngqīng.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) kunikeza ukuncipha okunamandla kwama-radicals mahhala nokuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni okwenziwa yi-oxidation.
Umthelela wokuvuselela nokuqonda: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza ukukhuphuka okuthambile, okuzinzile kokugxilisa ingqondo ngaphandle kokukhuphuka okukhulu nokuwa. I-L-theanine ifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwama-alpha brainwave, okuhlobene nesimo “sokugxilisa okuzolile”.
Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yemithambo yenhliziyo: Ama-polyphenol etiye eliluhlaza afaka isandla ekujwayeleni kwezinga le-cholesterol kanye nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukugaya: Imithamo elinganiselwe yetiye eliluhlaza ivuselela ukunyakaza kwamathumbu nokukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; ama-tannin anomthelela omncane wokubambana.
Ukuqinisa amazinyo nezinsini: Okuqukethwe yi-fluorine nama-catechin kufaka isandla ekunqandeni amagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
Umthelela wokuvikela i-immune: Ama-polyphenol ne-vitamin C kusekela imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba.
Imethabolizimu: Itiye eliluhlaza lifaka isandla ekwandiseni i-thermogenesis kanye nokushiswa kwamafutha, okungasiza ekulawuleni isisindo somzimba.
Izinto zokulwa namagciwane: Ama-catechin abonisa ukusebenza kokuvimbela amagciwane ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwanyana ezincane ezibangela izifo.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Kumaqoqo athambile kakhulu (izimbali kuphela, ukuvuna kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo) — 75–80 °C. Izinga lokushisa elidlulele libhubhisa ama-amino acid futhi likhiphe ubuthaba.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (isitayela saseYurobhu); 5–7 g kwi-gàiwǎn engu-100–120 ml (isitayela se-gōngfū).
Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn yodaka (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — inketho enhle: ayimumunyi amaphunga futhi ivumela ukulawula ukuthululwa. Ingilazi (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) — ngenjabulo yokubuka: iqabunga laseTiānshān lidansa ngendlela emangalisayo emanzini. Iketela lodaka — ukulungiselela umthamo omkhulu.
Inqubo (isitayela se-gōngfū):

Shayisa i-gàiwǎn nezinkomishi ngamanzi abilayo, thela amanzi.
Faka ama-5–7 g etiye, vumela iqabunga ukuba “livuke” ekushiseni okusele imizuzwana engu-15–20, uphefumule iphunga.
Ukuthulula kokuqala: thela amanzi angu-80–85 °C, linda imizuzwana engu-15–20, thela.
Ukuthulula kwesibili — kwesithathu: imizuzwana engu-10–15.
Ukuthulula okulandelayo: khulisa kancane isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5–10.
Inani lokuthulula: 5–8 (amaqoqo asezingeni eliphezulu amelana kuze kufike ku-10).

Isitayela saseYurobhu: 3 g ku-150–200 ml, linda imizuzu engu-1.5–2.5. Lapho kuvela ubuthaba — nciphisa isikhathi noma khuphula izinga lokushisa.
Ingilazi (bēipào, 杯泡): 3 g engilazini engu-200 ml. Thela ingxenye yesithathu — linda imizuzwana engama-30 — thela ngokugcwele. Phuza, ungayikhiphi ngokuphelele, wengeza ngenkathi uphuza.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu — ifriji, 0–5 °C, emaphaketheni avaliwe. Kuyamukeleka — indawo epholile (kufika ku-10 °C) kude nemithombo yokushisa.
Isitsha: Amaphakethe avaliwe e-foil ane-vacuum, izikebhe zikathayela ezinezivalo eziqinile noma izitsha zobumba ezinezivalo zesilicone. Ingilazi ivumeleka kuphela uma ingaboni ngaphakathi.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, amaphunga angaphandle, umoya-mpilo, ukushisa. Ungagcini eduze kwezinongo, ikhofi, amakhemikhali asendlini.
Isikhathi sokuphila: Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuphelele — sebenzisa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6–12 ngemuva kokukhiqiza. Uma kugcinwe ngendlela efanele kubanda — kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi.

11. Intengo Nokukopela:

Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye ephakathi ne-premium phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina. Ibanga elikhethekile (特级, tèjí) lokuvuna kwentwasahlobo — kusuka ku-800–1000 yuan/500 g futhi ngaphezulu. Ibanga lokuqala — 600–900 yuan/500 g. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-blends we-jasmine — zishibhe kakhulu.
Izici zentengo: Isikhathi sokuvuna (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — intengo ephezulu kakhulu), ibanga lempahla eluhlaza, ukuba ingxenye ye-”Zhèng Tiānshān” (正天山) — ingqikithi yendawo yokukhiqiza, ukuvuna ngesandla noma ngomshini, idumela lepulazi.
Indlela yokugwema amakopi:
- Thenga kubahlinzeki abathembekile, abanesitifiketi senkomba yezwe (地理标志).
- Hlola “ifomula yokuhlaza okuthathu”: i-Tiānshān Lǜchá yoqobo kumele ibonise iqabunga eliluhlaza, umhluzo oluhlaza kanye nesisekelo esiluhlaza ngaphandle kwemibala ensundu-ophuzi.
- Hlola iphunga: itiye langempela linephunga elihlala isikhathi eside, elimsulwa le-chestnut-floral ngaphandle kwamamaki “ashiswe ngokweqile” noma okufakelwa.
- Qaphela amanani aphansi ngokusolisayo — ukufaka esikhundleni ngobuningi bempahla eluhlaza evela ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane (hhayi endaweni yaseTiānshān) kwenzeka kaningi.
- Naka usuku lokukhiqiza: itiye elingekho sha elishiwo lilose “ukuhlaza okuthathu” futhi lithole imibala ephuzi ngokuqhakazile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Tiānshān yaseFujian ayihlangene ne-Tianshan edumile yase-Asia Emaphakathi (Xinjiang). Ukufana kwamagama ngezinye izikhathi kuphazamisa ngisho nabathengi baseShayina — ochwepheshe betiye bake baphawula lesi sigameko.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwendabuko kwamatiye aseTiānshān kuhlaba umxhwele ngezinhlobonhlobo: ngokwesikhathi sokuvuna kwakwahlukaniswa “Léimíng” (雷鸣, “Ukuduma Kwezulu”), “Míngqián” (明前), “Qīngmíng” (清明), “Gǔyǔ” (谷雨); ngokuma kweqabunga — “Quèshé” (雀舌, “Ulimi Lwendlazi”), “Fèngméi” (凤眉, “Iqhosha likaPhoenix”), “Fèngyǎn” (凤眼, “Iso likaPhoenix”), “Zhēnméi” (珍眉, “Iqhosha Eliyigugu”). Eziningi zalezi zimo zalahleka, kodwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 ezinye zazo zibuye zatholakala.
I-elite “Léimíng chá” (雷鸣茶) yenziwa ngezimbali ezivunwe ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu okokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Lapho kwenziwa itiye, izimbali zikhuphukela phezulu futhi zilenga enkezweni njengamahlumela entwasahlobo — umbono othandwa kakhulu abantu abathanda ubuhle.
Ngo-1874, umfundisi waseBrithani u-Hutchinson, owake waya ezintabeni eduze kwaseNingde, wachaza amasimu etiye anethezekile awabona “njengamakhulu, afana nezinhloko zikashukela” — ngisho ngaleso sikhathi ubukhulu bezimboni zetiye bamhlaba umxhwele.
Eminyakeni enhle kakhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngechweba laseSāndū’ào (三都澳) kwakuthunyelwa kuze kufike ku-30% wawo wonke amatiye aphuma eShayina — futhi ingxenye enkulu yaleli nani yayingamatiye aluhlaza aseTiānshān kanye nezakhi zawo ze-jasmine.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

I-Tiānshān Lǜchá (天山绿茶) vs. Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Womabili angamatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eziphakeme anobuzaza obuningi. Kodwa i-Xìnyáng Máojiān — chǎoqīng (eyosiwe), enamamaki e-chestnut abonakalayo kanye nobuthamba obuncane; i-Tiānshān Lǜchá — hōngqīng (eyomiswe ngokushisa), okunikeza iphrofayili ethambile, eyimbali. Itiye laseTiānshān ngokwesiko liqinile futhi lizinza kakhudlwana ekuthululweni.
I-Tiānshān Lǜchá (天山绿茶) vs. Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Womabili angamatiye e-hōngqīng ane-terroir yasezintabeni. I-Huángshān Máofēng inomzimba olula kanye namamaki ezimbali athambile anomunyu we-orchid; i-Tiānshān Lǜchá iphambili ngobuningi, inamandla amakhulu kokunambitheka (醇厚) futhi inephunga elihlala isikhathi eside. Itiye laseTiānshān liyigugu njengesisekelo esihle kakhulu sama-blends we-jasmine, kanti i-Máofēng iphuzwa ikakhulu ingahlangene nezinye izinto.
I-Tiānshān Lǜchá (天山绿茶) vs. Tàipíng Hóukuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Ahluke ngokweqile ngokuma: i-Tàipíng Hóukuí — amaqabunga amakhulu, ayizicaba, amade; i-Tiānshān — imicu emincane eqinile enobuzaza. I-Hóukuí — inephunga le-orchid nokunambitheka okuthambile, okunamafutha; i-Tiānshān — itiye eliluhlaza elihleleke kakhulu, “eliqinile” elinamagqamisa e-chestnut.
I-Tiānshān Lǜchá (天山绿茶) vs. Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): I-Lóngjǐng — i-chǎoqīng eyisicaba enephunga likabhontshisi-chestnut; i-Tiānshān — i-hōngqīng eyimicu enephrofayili ye-floral-chestnut. I-Lóngjǐng idume kakhulu futhi ibiza kakhulu, kodwa i-Tiānshān iwina ngokuzinza komhluzo nokulungela ukuthululwa kaningi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Tiānshān Lǜchá ingelinye lamatiye lawo ahlala ethunzini lama-”gugu alishumi adumile”. Ngemuva kokwaziwa kwayo okuncane kunomlando wetiye cishe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, i-terroir yasezintabeni eyingqayizivele yasempumalanga yeFujian kanye nobungcweti bezizukulwane, ezaguqula “ukuhlaza kwezintaba zaseTiānshān” kwaba isiphuzo esihambisanayo, esigcwele futhi esizinzile. “Ukuhlaza kwayo okuthathu” — iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani, umhluzo osobalayo we-jade kanye nesisekelo esithambile se-jade — kuthokozisa iso, kanti iphunga le-chestnut-orchid kanye nobumnandi obubuyayo obude be-huígān kwenza konke ukuthulula kube yinjabulo ethulile. I-Tiānshān Lǜchá ifaneleka kahle ekuphuzeni itiye kwansuku zonke: ayidingi isimo somkhosi, imnandi ngokufanayo ku-gàiwǎn nasengilazini, ivuza ngamanzi athambile nangokunaka okubekezelayo — futhi ngaleso sikhathi inikela ngesihle ngokunambitheka kwayo kuze kube ukuthulula kokugcina.